2021届高考二轮英语语法精复习教案: 特殊句式 Word版含答案

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名称 2021届高考二轮英语语法精复习教案: 特殊句式 Word版含答案
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更新时间 2021-04-04 15:43:54

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2021年高考二轮复习 第11讲 特殊句式
教材版本
全国通用
课时说明(建议)
120分钟
知识点
倒装句,祈使句,强调句,省略等特殊句式
复习目标
倒装,强调,省略等特殊句式的结构的运用。
复习重点
倒装句:考生应能掌握倒装句的各种倒装现象,如完全倒装、部分倒装等;
强调句:考生应能掌握强调句句型It is/was...who/that...
其他特殊句式:掌握省略、祈使句、感叹句、there be句型。
复习难点
能够正确地识别倒装,强调,省略等特殊句式的结构
高考回顾
1. (2020,天津卷)The professor warned tie students that on no account _____________ use mobile phones in his class.
A. should they B. they should C. dare they D. they dare
【答案】A
【解析】考查部分倒装。句意:这位教授警告学生们,在他的课堂上,决不应该使用手机。on no account决不,否定词放在句首,句子使用部分倒装,应该做should do,敢于做dare do,根据句意表示“应该”,故选A。
2. (2018,天津卷)It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house ___________we saw Lily in the passenger seat.
which B. that C. when D. where
【答案】B
【解析】考查强调句。句意:只有当汽车在我们房子前停下来我们才看到在乘客位置的莉莉。这里考查强调句,强调句型结构为:It is/ was + 被强调部分(通常是主语、宾语或状语)+ that/ who(当强调主语且主语指人)+ 其他部分。本题强调时间状语only when the car pulled up in front of our house。故选B。
3. (2018,北京卷)In any unsafe situation, simply _________ the button and a highly-trained agent will get you the help you need.
A. press B. to press C. pressing D. pressed
【答案】A
【解析】考查祈使句。句意:在任何不安全的情况下,仅仅摁下这个按钮,一个训练有素的特工就会使你得到需要得到的帮助。and是连词,连接并列结构,后面是一个句子,所以前面也应该一个句子,选项中只有动词原形可以构成祈使句,其他都是非谓语动词,所以选A。
4. (2017,江苏卷) _______ not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty.
A. It were B. Were it C. It was D. Was it
【答案】B
【解析】考查虚拟语气和倒装。虚拟语气中,be动词统一用were;虚拟语气的省略形式主要是把if省略,同时把were/should/had提前,即Were /Should/ Had I...,故选B。句意:要不是老师们的支持,该生是无法克服她自己的困难的。

二、知识清单
三、例题精讲
例1 —Who should be responsible for the accident?
—The boss, not the workers. They just carry the orders _______.
A. as told B. as are told C. as telling D. as they told
【答案】A
【解析】考查省略。根据句意可知,应该是被告知的。排除C,当状语从句主语和主句的主语一致,并且状语从句的有个be动词时,可以将状语从句的主语和be动词同时省略。句意:——谁应当为这起事故负责?——是老板,不是工人。他们只是执行老板命令。故A正确。
【易错点】根据句意表被动,但是不了解状语从句省略的用法,学生很容易错选B选项。
例2 (2019,湖南师大附中模拟) There is no doubt that eating organic food will make you healthier, is ________?
【答案】there
【解析】句意:毫无疑问,食用有机食物会使你更健康,是吗?考查反意疑问句。根据语境来确定反意疑问部分用there。
【易错点】此题考查反义疑问句的用法,解题关键是掌握there be 句型的反义疑问句结构。
例3 Only when you can find peace in your heart ________ good relationships with others.
A. will you keep B. you will keep C. you kept D. did you keep
【答案】A
【解析】考查倒装结构用法。only修饰句子的状语(从句)位于句首时,句子的主句要用部分倒装。结构为:only+状语/状语从 句+ be/ 助动词/情态动词+主语。根据从句的can可以排除D项。句意:只有当你在你心中找到宁静的时候,你才会与其他人保持好的关系。故A正确。
【易错点】此题考查only修饰状语放句首要部分倒装,但学生容易受when的误导,按照时间状语从句中遵循主将从现,错选B选项。
例4 ________ , I believe, and you will find the student is very outgoing.
A. One talk with him B. Given a talk with him
C. Having a talk with him D. If you have a talk with him
【答案】A
【解析】考查固定句型。祈使句+and/or+陈述句。祈使句+and+陈述句=If引导的条件句+主句。本题One talk with the student, and you will find the boy is very outgoing.=If you have a talk with the student, you will find the boy is very outgoing.句意:如果你和这个学生谈一会,你就会发现他非常外向。C项是现在分词做状语用法,D项是条件状语从句,如果去掉第二句开头的and,那么CD都是正确的。B项是过去分词做状语,与后面句子主语没有任何的联系,故不能选。综合以上分析,本题A正确。
【易错点】本题考查祈使句+and/or+陈述句特殊句式的用法,如果做题过程中没有注意到and,容易错选D选项。
例5 It’s not doing the things we like, but liking the things we have to do________ makes life happy.
that B. which C. what D. who
【答案】A
【解析】考查强调句结构用法。强调句型:It is/ was + 被强调部分(通常是主语、宾语或状语)+ that/ who(当强调主语且主语指人)+ 其他部分。本题强调主语not doing the things we like, but liking the things we have to do。句意:是做我们喜欢做的事情,而不是喜欢我们不得不做的事情让生活幸福。故A正确。
【易错点】此题考查强调句,make前面缺主语,如果做题过程中未看出是考查强调句句式,容易误选C。
四、思维点拨
1.解答技巧或方法策略:
(1)倒装句:解题的关键是判断句中是否具备使用倒装的条件。如果句首有表示否定意义的词、only修饰的状语、有so修饰的形容词或副词以及not until, not only 等, 此时则为部分倒装; 如果句首有表示方位或时间的词且主语是名词, 或者有时为了强调, 将谓语部分的现在分词置于句首,则为全部倒装。
(2)强调句:考查全部集中在该句型中的that, 要想写出正确答案就必须明确强调句和其他从句的区别。要判断是否是强调句,关键在于把 “It is / was”和 “that (who)”去掉后看剩余部分的意义和结构是否完整,如果完整则该句是强调句,否则就不是。
(3)省略:在主从复合句中,当从句的主语与主句的主语一致,并且从句中的谓语部分含有be动词时,那么从句中的主语和谓语动词be可以同时省略。
2.备考建议:
辨别句子结构是考生应对高考应具备的能力之一。英语中句子结构很多,也很容易混淆。特殊句式内容比较杂乱,掌握起来有一定的难度。其中倒装句是高考的热点,强调句是高考的难点。同时,祈使句与陈述句的区别、省略与替代的合理运用等是高考考查的重点项目。所以对于这些热点考生要真正地把握,理解其精髓。
五、成果巩固
【基础达标】
1.When her daughter and son asked her to move to San Antonio to help their children, she politely refused. Only after a year of friendly discussion ________ MsGaf finally say yes.
【答案】did
【解析】考查only+状语置于句首,句子用部分倒装,所以此处用助动词did。
2. ________ (positive)an article, the more likely it was to be shared, as Dr. Berger explains in his new book.
【答案】The more positive
【解析】考查the more...the more...结构,越……就越……。
3. (2019,河北省衡水中学二调)She opened it and let out a deep breath. Inside it ________ (be) two sharp knives.
【答案】were
【解析】句意:她打开它,深深地吸了一口气。里面是两把锋利的刀。介词Inside在句首,句子应用倒装语序,主语是two sharp knives,是复数形式,与之一致谓语也用复数,结合上句的opened,可知填were。4. You are waiting at a wrong place. It is at the hotel ________ the coach picks up tourists.
【答案】that
【解析】考查强调句型的判定。句意为:你等错地方了。长途公共汽车是在旅馆接的游客。从理解思路上先看本句是不是强调句型:It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+剩余部分。强调句的判断方法是将It is/was与that/who去掉后,句子意思依然清楚,结构依然完整。
5. (2019,广西梧州高三一模)Freddy gave him a job and housing and lent him pocket money while ________ (train) him.
【答案】training
【解析】句意:弗雷迪在培训他期间给他提供工作和住房,并借给他零花钱。根据宾语him判断,train在此是动词,其逻辑主语与句子主语一致,均为Freddy,且Freddy与train之间为逻辑上的主谓关系,故填现在分词。while training him相当于while he was training him。
6. If that happened, Seppala might fall into the icy water below.He would die, and so ________the sick children of Nome.
【答案】would
【解析】考查so的倒装结构,前面用了would, 后面也用would。
7. (2019,浙江杭州一次质检) A child, if actively ________ (engage) in classroom activities, can be taught many things.
【答案】engaged
【解析】句意:如果一个孩子能积极参加课堂活动,他能学会许多东西。本句为省略句。将本句补全后为:If a child is actively engaged in classroom activities, he can be taught many things.把相同的主语a child和be动词省去,故填engaged。
8. Not until recently________ (他们才鼓励)the development of tourist-related activities related activities in the rural area.
【答案】did they encourage
【解析】考查倒装句的用法。根据句首的Not until recently可知,本句要用部分倒装形式。
9. Only when Lily walked into the office ________ she realize that she had left the contract at home.
【答案】did
【解析】 “only+状语从句”置于句首时,主句部分需要部分倒装。根据句干中的had left 可以推断出设空出应为一般过去时,故用did。
10. Only after talking to two students ________ I discover that having strong motivation is one of the biggest factors in reaching goals.
【答案】did
【解析】“only+状语”置于句首,后面句子需用部分倒装形式。根据语境可以推断出设空出应为一般过去时,故用did。
【能力提升】
1. It was not until I came here ________ I realized this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather.
【答案】that
【解析】句意:直到来到这里,我才意识到这个地方之所以出名不仅是因为它的美丽,还因为它的天气。考查not...until 的强调句结构,即“It is/was not until...that...”。
2. It was 80 years before Christopher Columbus crossed the Atlantic ________ Zheng He had sailed to East Africa.
【答案】that
【解析】句意:郑和早于Christopher Columbus 横跨大西洋80年到达东非。
3. Not until he retired from teaching three years ago ________he consider having a holiday abroad.
【答案】did
【解析】句意:直到三年前从教育行业退休以后他才考虑到国外度假。not until 位于句首,主句用部分倒装。
4. Only after Mary read her composition the second time ________ she notice the spelling mistake.
【答案】did
【解析】句意:玛丽直到第二次读了她的作文之后才注意到那个拼写错误。“only+状语从句”置于句首时,主句主谓要部分倒装。又根据after 引导的从句的时态可知,主句要用一般过去时,故用助动词did 来帮助构成部分倒装结构。
5. Little ________ she care what she looks like; all she cares about is her job performance.
【答案】does
【解析】句意:她不在乎自己的外表,她在乎的是自己的工作业绩。表否定意义的little 位于句首,后面的句子要用部分倒装。
6. (2019,河南省中原名校高三第六次质量检测) Never before ________ I seen such a wonderful park, where I'd like to pay a visit again.
【答案】have
【解析】 句意: 我从没见过这么美丽的公园,我想再来参观一次。否定副词短语放在句首,句子要用部分倒装形式;never before常与现在完成时连用。
7. Never before ________ he seen anybody who can play tennis as well as Robert.
【答案】has
【解析】句意:他从未见过有人打网球打得像Robert 一样好。never before 为否定副词短语,置于句首时,主句需用部分倒装。
8. (2019,安徽模拟)John has not yet passed the driving test, and neither ________ Henry.
【答案】has
【解析】 句意:约翰还没有通过驾照考试,亨利也没有通过。否定副词neither置于句首,后面的主谓语应用部分倒装。根据上一分句中的谓语动词“has...passed(现在完成时)”和该分句的主语Henry可推知,设空处答案为has。
9. Only when he reached the tea?house ________ he realize it was the same place he'd been in last year.
【答案】did
【解析】句意:直到他到茶馆的时候,他才意识到这和他去年来的是同一个地方。“only+状语(从句)”置于句首时,句子(主句)需部分倒装。根据句意应用一般过去时。
10. (2019,安徽六校联考) ________is it that he is not so friendly as he used to be?
【答案】How/Why
【解析】句意:他怎么/为什么不如过去友好了呢?本句是强调句型的特殊疑问句形式,即“特殊疑问词+is/was+it+that+其他?”。本句改为普通句型后为“________ is he not so friendly as he used to be?”
六、课堂小结
本节课主要围绕特殊句式的分类和用法来展开。语篇型填空对于特殊句式的考查很少,但强调句、倒装句型、there be句型等均为高中教学的重点内容,所以在高考备考中,考生仍需要掌握这部分内容,以便有充分的能力应对高考。此外,近年高考对语法点的考查往往是与语境想结合,因此,同学在做题时要结合语境来分析题目,灵活地运用语法知识。