2021年高考二轮复习 第3讲 形容词和副词
适用学科
高中英语
适用年级
高中三年级
教材版本
全国通用
课时说明(建议)
120分钟
知识点
1.形容词和副词的句法功能;
2.形容词和副词比较级和最高级的构成规则及用法;
3.形容词和副词的构词法。
复习目标
1.掌握形容词和副词的句法功能;
2.掌握形容词和副词比较级和最高级的用法;
2.能够根据上下文语境对所需词性及等级做出准确判断。
复习重点
掌握形容词和副词的句法功能以及比较级和最高级的用法
复习难点
根据上下文语境对所需词性及等级做出准确判断
一、高考回顾
1.(2019,课标卷I)It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been _________ (poor) studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20,000-25,000 polar bears worldwide.
【答案】poorly
【解析】考查副词修饰动词。此处poorly修饰have been studied表示大部分范围的研究都不充分。
2.(2020,课标卷II)Her years of hard work have _________ (final) been acknowledged after a customer nominated (提名) her to be Cheshire's Woman Of The Year.
【答案】finally
【解析】考查副词修饰动词。此处finally修饰have been acknowledged。
3.(2019,课标卷III)They also shared with us many _________ (tradition) stories about Hawaii that were _________ (huge) popular with tourists.
【答案】traditional; hugely
【解析】第一空考查词性转换。此空应为形容词修饰名词stories,故填traditional。第二空考查副词修饰形容词。此空为副词hugely修饰popular。
4.(2018,课标卷I)According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years _________ (long) than non-runners.
【答案】longer
【解析】根据空格后的than可知,空格处应用所给词的比较级形式。故填longer。
5.(2018,浙江卷)The obvious one is money; eating out once or twice a week may be ________ (afford) but doing this most days adds up. There could be an even _________ (high) cost on your health.
【答案】affordable; higher
【解析】第一空考查词性转换。be动词后应接形容词,故填affordable“付得起的”。第二空考查形容词的比较级。根据语境可知,此处指经常出去吃饭甚至会让你付出更高的健康代价。even用来修饰形容词的比较级,故填higher。
二、知识清单
三、例题精讲
例1 Even __________(bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up.
【答案】worse
【解析】考查比较级。根据even修饰比较级。even worse意为“更糟糕的是”。故填worse。
【易错点】bad比较级的形式错误。
例2 Steam engines were used to pull the carriages and it must have been _________(fair) unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise.
【答案】fairly
【解析】考查副词。副词修饰形容词unpleasant,故填fairly。
【易错点】词性判断错误
例3 The title will be _________(official) given to me at a ceremony in London.
【答案】officially
【解析】考查副词。句意:这个头衔会在伦敦的典礼上正式地授予我。副词修饰动词,故填officially。
【易错点】词性转换错误
四、思维点拨
形容词和副词的用法复杂,涉及面广,是高考的重要考点。要想提高形容词和副词的正确运用能力,一是阅读中要多加体会,二是在测试中注意以下几点:
(1)注意在具体语境中形容词和副词的准确含义;
(2)注意不同搭配或句型的综合运用;
(3)注意排除题目中的干扰项;
(4)记准不同固定搭配的区别;
(5)注意语法知识与实际运用语言能力的有机结合;
三是要做好各类有关形容词和副词的试题。应从以下几个方面备考:
1.对单音节形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的构成、双音节和多音节的形容词及副词的比较级和最高级的构成,要加强记忆、找出其中规律;灵活掌握修饰比较级和最高级的副词和一些短语。
2.对某些副词的词义还需进一步认识,多数形容词在加-ly后,词义基本不变,而有些则不同,如:hard—hardly.
3.加强形容词、副词比较级考点的学习与应用,尤其是比较级在某些特定结构中的特殊含义,比较级及其修饰语的搭配和用法。要不断地提高分析试题的能力,克服思维定势,灵活运用所学的知识。
(1)加强对比较级和最高级表达法的学习,尤其是一些常见的句型,要做到张口能诵的程度。
(2)加强对形容词和副词的词义和用法的学习,要做到“词不离句,句不离义”。做题时,要结合语境,注意惯用法和固定搭配认真辨析从而做出最佳选择。
(3)判断句子成分,如果是作定语、表语等,一般是用形容词;如果是作状语、修饰谓语动词或形容词和副词,一般应用副词。但注意也有特殊情况,如形容词(短语)可作伴随或结果状语。
(4)分清句子结构,看看该句应该用原级、比较级还是最高级。
(5)注意特殊的含有形容词比较级的句型。
五、成果巩固
【基础达标】
1. (2018,全国卷II)A taste for meat is _________ (actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs and cattle.
【答案】actually
【解析】考查副词。此处应用副词修饰整个句子。故填actually。
2.(2017,浙江卷)Sixteen years ________(early), Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring to cook a meal.
【答案】earlier
【解析】考查形容词和副词比较级。sixteen years earlier表示“十六年前”。
3.(2016,全国卷II)If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify (识别)those of ________ (great) and less importance.
【答案】greater
【解析】句意:如果你因为工作责任而感到有压力的话,那么你应该暂缓一下,识别哪些事情更重要,哪些不太重要。由and连接两个并列成分可知,great应与less并列,故用比较级greater。
4. (2016,全国卷II)Recent studies show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks ________ (regular).
【答案】regularly
【解析】考查副词。副词修饰动词短语take short breaks。故填regularly“有规律地”。
5.(2015,新课标Ⅱ)Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat _______ (slow) during cool nights,thus warming the house.
【答案】slowly
【解析】考查副词。句意:土坯的墙壁在热天能够吸收来自太阳的热量,并在寒冷的夜晚慢慢释放出那些热量,从而温暖房间。修饰动词短语give out要用副词形式,故填slowly。
6. _________ (fortunate), Natalie’s family escaped to Brooklyn shortly before the city’s bridge closed.
【答案】Fortunately
【解析】考查副词。修饰整个句子,应用副词形式,故填Fortunately“幸运地”。
7.(2017,浙江卷)One of the _________ (effect) ways to build vocabulary is to read good books.
【答案】effective
【解析】考查形容词。此处应用形容词修饰名词ways,故填effective“有效的”。
8.(2017,浙江卷)You need to ________ (real) read at least one good book a week, perfectly a classic.
【答案】really
【解析】考查副词。此处应用副词修饰动词read,故填really。
9. According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total __________ (globe) fertilizer(化肥)consumption.
【答案】global
【解析】考查词性转换。根据语境可知用形容词修饰名词短语fertilizer consumption化肥消耗量。故填global“全球的”。
10. Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which _________ (gradual) turned into chopsticks.
【答案】gradually
【解析】考查副词。句意:小块的食物用树枝更容易吃到,这样树枝就逐渐演变成了筷子。修饰动词短语turn into应用副词形式,故填gradually“逐渐地”。
【能力提升】
1.The Mississippi, the _________ (long) one in the United States ever influenced the American people ________ (great) in history.
【答案】longest; greatly
【解析】第一空考查形容词最高级。定冠词the修饰形容词最高级。第二空考查副词修饰动词。greatly修饰动词influence。
2.... but my course tutor encouraged me to apply. _________ (luck ) enough , I was accepted.
【答案】Luckily
【解析】考查副词修饰句子,故填Luckily。
3. It seems that living green is _________ (surprise) easy and affordable. A small step makes a big difference.
【答案】surprisingly
【解析】考查词性转换。句意:似乎保护环境是出乎意料的简单可行,一小步产生重大影响。副词修饰形容词,故填surprisingly“惊讶地,出乎意料地”。
4. The way we cook is important. In many countries,the two choices are _________ (nature) gas or electric-powered stoves.
【答案】natural
【解析】考查词性转换。根据语境可知用形容词natural“自然的”修饰名词gas。故填natural。
5. So some college graduates prefer to live a _________(peace) life rather than start their own businesses through job-hunting which is competitive.
【答案】peaceful
【解析】考查词性转换。大学毕业生更喜欢过平和的生活而不是从事有挑战性的工作。形容词修饰名词life,故填peaceful。
6. I'm sorry to say that I am disappointed about my trip to Norwich. It is the ________ (bad) experience of my life!
【答案】worst
【解析】考查形容词最高级。根据of my life可知这里要用最高级表示“这是我生命中最糟糕的经历”。故填worst。
7. Instead of blaming the child who had broken the vase, him a _________ (tolerance) smile and let him go.
【答案】tolerant
【解析】考查词性转换。句意:她并没有谴责打碎花瓶的孩子,只是给了他一个宽容的微笑并让他走了。形容词修饰名词smile,故填tolerant“宽容的”。
8. He said if one _________ (real) wanted to know the society and the world, he should go out to see, to hear and to find out about the real life.
【答案】really
【解析】考查副词的用法。副词修饰动词want,故填really。
9. People are more spending than before,because they are _________(easy) attracted by the discount.
【答案】easily
【解析】考查副词的用法。副词修饰动词attract,故填easily。
10. The old peopled by our visit,told us their ________(person) stories.
【答案】personal
【解析】考查词性转换。形容词修饰名词,故填personal“个人的;私人的”修饰stories。
六、课堂小结
在高考英语试卷中,语篇型语法填空、短文改错对形容词、副词的考查主要集中在形容词与副词之间的相互转换。常用易混形容词副词用法(如:many与much, somewhere与everywhere , before与 ago)也是语篇型语法填空、短文改错考查的重点之一。
形容词、副词变为比较级的规则(如:clean→cleaner),形容词的构词法(如:taste→tasty)及形容词和副词句法功能也是语篇型语法填空、短文改错考查的重点之一。
短文改错对形容词与副词的考查主要涉及形容词和副词比较等级的误用(尤其是在本身已是比较级的词前误加more)、形容词与副词的混用(如修饰动词时误用形容词或修饰名词时误用副词)等。另外,用作表语时该用形容词的却误用了名词、简短副词(如?in,?down?等)的误加与漏用、涉及形容词搭配的as…as?结构、how?与?what?的混用等也是常考的考点。?同学们要夯实基础,提高分析试题的能力,克服思维定式,灵活运用所学的知识。