2021届高考二轮英语语法精复习教案: 主谓一致 Word版含答案

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名称 2021届高考二轮英语语法精复习教案: 主谓一致 Word版含答案
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更新时间 2021-04-04 15:46:06

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2021年高考二轮复习 第5讲 主谓一致
适用学科
高中英语
适用年级
高中三年级
教材版本
全国通用
课时说明(建议)
120分钟
知识点
1.主谓一致的语法一致原则;
2.主谓一致的意义一致原则;
3.主谓一致的就近原则。
复习目标
1.掌握主谓一致的语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近原则;
2.根据上下文语境对主谓一致做出准确判断,提高语言运用能力。
复习重点
掌握主谓一致的语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近原则
复习难点
根据上下文语境对主谓一致做出准确判断,提高语言运用能力
一、高考回顾
1. (2020,天津卷)Amy, as well as her brothers, _______ a warm welcome when returning to the village last week.
A. is given B. are given C. was given D. were given
【答案】C
【解析】考查被动语态和主谓一致。句意:上周返回村庄的时候,艾米和她的哥哥们受到了热烈的欢迎。A as well as B做主语时,谓语动词的单复数和主语A的单复数一致。故选C。
2. (2019,江苏卷)The musician along with his band members _______ ten performances in the last three months.
A. gives B. has given C. have given D. give
【答案】B
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:音乐家和他的乐队成员在过去的三个月里已经做了十场演出。根据时间状语in the last three months可以推断要用现在完成时,而且A along with B做主语时,谓语动词的单复数和主语A的单复数一致。故选B。
3.(2017,江苏卷)The publication of Great Expectations, which _________ both widely reviewed and highly praised, strengthened Dickens’ status as a leading novelist.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
【答案】C
【解析】考查主谓一致。句意:《远大前程》的出版获得了广泛的认可和高度的赞扬,这坐实了狄更斯作为前沿小说家的地位。先行词是Great Expectations,“Great Expectations”是书名,看作单数,所以定语从句的谓语也要使用单数形式;根据strengthened可知用的是一般过去时,故选C。
4.(2017,天津卷)Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, _________ as one of the best all-round forms of exercise.
A. regard B. is regarded C. are regarded D. regards
【答案】B
【解析】考查主谓一致。句意:现在骑自行车,慢跑和游泳被认为是最全面的锻炼方式之一。根据动词短语regard…as…把……看做……和句意确定应该用被动语态,故排除A和D,再根据主语部分由介词短语along with连接的三个动名词作主语,谓语动词应该就前一致,即用单数,排除C,故选B。
5.(2016,湖南卷)Listening to loud music at rock concerts __________ caused hearing loss in some teenagers.
A. is B. are C. has D. have
【答案】C
【解析】考查动名词短语作主语谓语动词用单数,由此排除B、D两项。根据主语与caused的主动关系,排除A项。故选C。
二、知识清单
三、例题精讲
例1 Leaving the less important things until tomorrow _________ (be) often acceptable.
【答案】is
【解析】考查主谓一致。句意:将不那么重要的事务搁置明天也是可以接受的。动名词作主语谓语动词用单数。故填is。
【易错点】时态错误
例2 Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and _________ (be)too violent for use at the table.
【答案】were
【解析】考查主谓一致。句意:孔子认为刀具会使人联想起杀戮,并且在餐桌上使用它们也是暴力的。knives为复数,所以谓语动词用复数,根据believed 可知用一般过去时,故填were。
【易错点】时态错误
例3 Recent __________ (study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks regularly.
【答案】studies
【解析】考查主谓一致。根据谓语动词show,可知主语应是复数名词,故填studies。
【易错点】词性判断错误
四、思维点拨
对于主谓一致的考查,考生需要注意以下两点:
①主语+附加成分(as well as, together with...)后的谓语要和主语保持一致。
②not only...but(also)...; neither...nor...; either...or...连接两个主语时,谓语动词要遵循“就近一致原则”。
在做语篇型语法填空题的时候,考生往往不能正确理解句子的大意。要处理好这个问题最重要的环节是分析句子的成分,看句子的意思,充分了解主谓一致的语法一致,意义一致以及就近原则。考生应该有一定的词汇量和基本问法、句法和语法知识,必须知道每一个句子成分由什么充当,判断是由什么词,或是什么句来充当主语。当然,大家也不要只是一味钻研语法知识,但是熟悉了解基本的语法知识和掌握一些做题技巧是必要的。这样在备考的过程中就会有针对性地多加练习,并且及时总结经验,加强在语篇情境下的语言应用能力,才能提高做语法填空题的正确率。
五、成果巩固
【基础达标】
1. For most of us the __________ (change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work.
【答案】changes
【解析】考查主谓一致。根据谓语动词are,可知主语应是复数名词,故填changes。
2. All we need ________ (be) a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit trees throughout the growing seasons of the year.
【答案】is
【解析】考查主谓一致。句意:我们所需要的是一小块土地,在整个一年的生长季节,我们能够种各种不同的水果树。句中的主语为代词all,代指的是物,故谓语动词用单数形式。故填is。
3. Dr. Smith, together with his wife and daughters, _________ (be) going to visit Beijing this summer.
【答案】is
【解析】考查主谓一致。当主语后出现together with/as well as等介词短语时,谓语动词的数与介词短语前的主语保持一致,故填is。
4. Either you or one of your students _________ (be) to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.
【答案】is
【解析】考查主谓一致。句意:要么是你要么你的一名学生出席明天的会议。当主语由either…or…连接时采用就近一致原则, one of your students的中心词为one,谓语动词用单数,故填is。
5. The number of people,who have access to their own cars,_________ (rise)sharply in the past decade.
【答案】has risen
【解析】考查主谓一致和时态。本句的主语是the number,所以谓语动词用单数;in the past decade与现在完成时连用,故填has risen。
6. Nowadays, a large number of women, especially those from the countryside, _________ (work)in the clothing industry.
【答案】work
【解析】考查主谓一致。especially those from the countryside是插入语,可以忽略,a large number of...许多,大量,作主语时,谓语动词用复数,即动词原形;根据Nowadays可知,是一般现在时,故填work。
7. One third of the workers in this city _________ (be) now on strike.
【答案】are
【解析】考查主谓一致。句子的主语是可数名词复数workers,故填are。
8. Buying clothes _________ (be) a hard job because the clothes a person likes don’t very often fit him or her.
【答案】is
【解析】考查主谓一致。主句主语是动名词短语,谓语动词用单数形式,故填is。
【能力提升】
1. Now Tom together with his classmates _________ (play) football on the playground.
【答案】 is playing
【解析】考查主谓一致。当主语后有together with, along with, with, as well as, but, rather than, including等引导的词组时,谓语动词的数由前面主语的数来决定,故填is playing。
2. The most impressive sight in China, one of the wonders of the world, ________ (be) the Great Wall.
【答案】is
【解析】考查主谓一致。句子的主语是one of the wonders of the world, 并且句子表述的是一种事实,所以谓语动词要用第三人称单数的一般现在时,故填is。
3. The number of people invited _________ (be) fifty, but a number of them _________ (be) absent for different reasons.
【答案】was, were
【解析】考查主谓一致。the number of+可数名词复数作主语,谓语动词用单数;而a number of+可数名词复数作主语,谓语动词用复数。根据invited可知句子用一般过去时,故填was和were。
4. Seventy-five percent of the earth’s surface __________(cover)with water.
【答案】is covered
【解析】考查主谓一致。本句主语是the earth’s surface为不可数名词,所以要用第三人称单数形式。结合句意可知用被动语态,故填is covered。
5. Not only you but also I __________ (be) able to help him out.
【答案】am
【解析】考查主谓一致。主语由not only…but also…根据就近一致原则,谓语动词应用am。
6. The injured in the tsunami _________ (take) good care of by some medical teams.
【答案】are being taken
【解析】考查主谓一致和语态。“the+形容词/-ing形式/-ed分词”作主语表示“一类人”时,谓语动词常用复数形式。根据句意此处应用现在进行时的被动语态,故填are being taken。
7. At Christmas each boy and each girl _________ (be) given a present.
【答案】is
【解析】考查主谓一致。every/each 后加可数名词单数,谓语动词用单数,故填is。
8. The Internet, as well as newspapers and magazines, _________ (play) a more and more important part in our daily life.
【答案】is playing
【解析】考查主谓一致。当主语后有together with, along with, with, as well as, but, rather than, including等引导的词组时,谓语动词的数由前面主语的数来决定,故填is playing。
六、课堂小结
在高考英语试卷中,主谓一致的考查主要集中在语篇型语法填空、短文改错这两个题型,但在写作中这也是衡量句子结构的基本考查点之一。在语法填空中,当主语是to do或者动名词doing形式时,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式,这是常出现的考点之一。而在就近原则上either...or, neither...nor, not only...but also也是语篇型语法填空、短文改错考查的重点之一。
高考大纲要求关于主谓一致要充分把握语法上的一致,进而在意义上注意名词本身性质的数。那么在就近原则方面,就需要同学们着重记忆有哪些结构,中心词被哪些修饰词所修饰时,谓语动词遵循就近原则。