2021届高考二轮英语语法精复习教案: 动词和动词短语 Word版含答案

文档属性

名称 2021届高考二轮英语语法精复习教案: 动词和动词短语 Word版含答案
格式 docx
文件大小 79.4KB
资源类型 教案
版本资源 通用版
科目 英语
更新时间 2021-04-04 15:48:09

图片预览

文档简介

2021年高考二轮复习 第4讲 动词和动词短语
适用学科
高中英语
适用年级
高中三年级
教材版本
全国通用
课时说明(建议)
120分钟
知识点
1.动词的意义和用法,并能在具体的语境中对同义词和近义词进行辨析;
2.动词短语的意义和用法,并能对动词与介词或副词构成的短语进行辨析。
复习目标
1.掌握动词和动词短语的意义和用法;
2.根据上下文语境对所给动词和动词短语做出准确判断。
复习重点
掌握动词和动词短语的意义和用法
复习难点
学生根据上下文语境对所给动词和动词短语做出准确判断
一、高考回顾
1. (2020,天津卷)Kate heard a man's voice in the background, but she couldn't _________ what he was saying.
A. set aside B. take back C. make out D. keep off
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意:Kate在后台听到了一个男人的声音,但是她不能辨认出他说的内容。
make out“辨认出”。
2. (2019,江苏卷)More wind power stations will __________ to meet the demand for clean energy.
A. take up B. clear up C. hold up D. spring up
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意:更多的风能发电站将会出现来满足对洁净能源的需求。take up“占据时间或空间;开始从事”;clear up“打扫干净;天气放晴”;hold up“举起;支持住;阻挡”;spring up“出现;涌现”;故选D项。
3. (2018,天津卷)At first Robert wouldn’t let his daughter go diving, but eventually he _________ as she was so confident about her skills.
A. gave in B. dressed up C. broke in D. turned up
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意:起初Robert不允许他女儿潜水,但是最后他让步了,因为她对自己的技术非常有信心。give in“让步;屈服;投降”;dress up“打扮”;break in“打断”;turn up“出现”,故选A。
4. (2018,天津卷)It took him a long time to __________ the skills he needed to become a good dancer.
A. display B. acquire C. teach D. test
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词辨析。句意:他花了很长一段时间才获得成为一名优秀舞蹈家所需要的技能。display“展示”;acquire“获得”;teach“教导”;test“测试”,根据句意选B。
5. (2018,江苏卷)Developing the Yangtze River Economic Belt is a systematic project which __________ a clear road map and timetable.
A. calls for B. calls on C. calls off D. calls up
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意:发展长江经济带是一个系统的工程,这个工程需要明确的路线图和时间表。call for“需要”;call on“要求;号召”;call off“取消”;call up“打电话;使回忆起”,根据语境选A。
二、知识清单
三、例题精讲
例1 Mr. and Mrs. Brown would like to see their daughter _________, get married, and have kids.
A. settle down B. keep off C. get up D. cut in
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意:Brown 夫妇希望看到女儿安定下来,结婚生子。故选settle down“安顿下来”。根据句意可知选A。
【易错点】keep off“避开;不接近”;get up“起床”;cut in“插嘴;插队”。
例2 If you have any doubts about your health, you’d better ________ your doctor at once.
A. convince B. consult C. avoid D. affect
【答案】B
【解析】本题考查动词辨析。句意:如果你对你的健康有任何疑问,你最好立刻咨询你的医生。consult “咨询”根据句意可知选B。
【易错点】convince “使信服;说服”; avoid “避免”;affect“影响”。
例3 Tom had to________ the invitation to the party last weekend because he was too busy.
A. turn in B. turn down C. turn over D. turn to
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意:上周末汤姆不得不拒绝宴会的邀请,因为他太忙了。turn down“拒绝”,根据句意可知选B。
【易错点】 turn in “上交”;turn over “移交”;turn to“转向;求助”。
四、思维点拨
动词是词类乃至整个语法的重点,其中动词短语更是英语学习的重点及难点,在高考各种题型中均为超高频考点,下面总结动词及动词短语的规律:
1、在每个部分找出自己最熟悉或者最理解的短语,并根据该短语助记整体意思;
2、熟记动词本身所具有的全部意思;
3、重点根据介词或副词在该项中的整体意思结合动词本身的意思,理解自己最不理解和不熟悉的短语;
4、脱离汉语,只看英语动词短语,并放到具体句子和场景中认识动词短语;
5、目标是做到以后见到听到认识,举一反三,最终能够自己主动的自由运用于写作;
6、注意有些短语意义很接近,这要结合例句和上下文语境掌握它们的用法。
五、成果巩固
【基础达标】
1. (2016,天津卷) I’m going to _________ advantage of this tour to explore the history of the castle.
A. put B. make C. take D. give
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词辨析。句意:我将利用这次旅行来探索这个城堡的历史。take advantage of是固定搭配“利用;使用”,故选C。
2. (2016,浙江卷)We can achieve a lot when we learn to let our differences unite, rather than _________ us.
A. divide B. reject C. control D. abandon
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词辨析。句意:当我们学会了让差异把我们团结起来,而不是把我们分裂开时,我们就会获得更多。根据句意可知,此处用divide“把……分开;分裂”。reject“拒绝”;control“控制”;abandon“抛弃;遗弃”。
3. The team are working hard to __________ the problem so that they can find the best solution.
A. face B. prevent C. raise D. analyze
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词辨析。考生一定要结合语境,抓住句中的关键词,“find the best solution(找到最佳解决办法)”,“so that”这里引导的是目的状语从句,据此判断前面应为分析问题“analyze the problem”。考生应注意:切不可只根据搭配,这样可能会做出错误的选择。
4. See, your computer has broken down again! It doesn’t __________ sense to buy the cheapest brand of computer just to save a few dollars.
A. have B. make C. display D. bring
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词辨析。句意:看,你的电脑又坏了!只为省几美元买最便宜牌子的电脑是没有意义的。考查动词短语的固定搭配:make sense有意义;有道理。根据句意可知选B。
5. The whole team _________ Cristiano Ronaldo, and he seldom lets them down.
A. wait on B. focus on C. count on D. call on
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意:整个队要依靠Cristiano Ronaldo,他从来没让他们失望过。count on“依赖;依靠”。故选C。
6. Peter will __________ his post as the head of the travel agency at the end of next month.
A. take up B. put up C. add up D. break up
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意:Peter在这个月底将从事旅行社负责人的职位。take up“拿起,开始从事”;put up“竖立;搭建”;add up“合计”;break up“结束;分解”。故选A。
7. If you come to visit China, you will _________ a culture of amazing depth and variety.
A. develop B. create C. substitute D. experience
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词辨析。句意:如果你来中国旅游,你将会体验到一种有深度和多样化的文化。develop“发展,培养”;create“创造”;substitute“代替”;experience“经历;体验”。故选D。
8. I’m afraid you will have to pay an extra amount to __________the cost of insurance.
A. cover B. spend C. fill D. offer
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词辨析。句意:恐怕你要付额外的钱来支付保险费。cover“足以支付”;spend“花费”;fill “充满”;offer “提供”。根据句意选 A。
【能力提升】
1. Emergency line operators must always __________ calm and make sure that they get all the information they need to send help.
A. grow B. appear C. become D. stay
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词辨析。stay calm“保持镇定”,stay用作系动词,意为“保持(某种状态)”。故选D。
2. It’s the sort of work that __________ a high level of concentration.
A. calls for B. makes up C. lies in D. stands for
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词辨析。句意:这是一种需要高度集中注意力的工作。call for“需要,需求”;make up“弥补”;lie in“在于”;stand for“代表”。根据语境可知选A。
3. I don’t believe what you said, but if you can prove it, you may be able to _________ me.
A. convince B. inform C. guarantee D. refuse
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词辨析。句意:我不相信你说的话,但如果你能证明你的话正确,你可能会让我信服。convince“使信服”;inform“通知”;guarantee“保证”;refuse“拒绝”。根据语境可知选A。
4. I’ve been trying to phone Charles all evening, but there must be something wrong with the network; I can’t seem to _________.
A. get through B. get off C. get in D. get along
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意:一晚上我都一直尽力在给Charles打电话,但肯定是网络出故障了,电话打不通。get through“(用电话)联系上”;get off“下车”;get in“进入”;get along“进展;相处”,根据句意可知选A。
5. Traditionally, college students hold a graduation ceremony to encourage themselves before they _________ on their life journey.
A. give up B. settle down C. get through D. set off
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意:依照惯例,为了激励自己,大学生在踏上人生旅程之前会举行一场毕业典礼。give up“放弃”;settle down“定居;使安静下来;解决”;get through“完成;通过;接通电话”;set off“出发;动身;使爆炸”,根据句意选D。
6. The accident caused some ___________ to my car, but it’s nothing serious.
A. harm B. injury C. ruin D. damage
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词辨析。句意:这起事故对我的汽车造成了一些损坏,但是不太严重。harm“危害;伤害”,主要指精神上的伤害;injury“受伤”,主要指躯体和情感上的伤害;ruin“毁灭;废墟”,强调毁灭和不可修复;damage“损坏;损失”,强调使部分功能缺失。根据句意可知选D。
7. Briggs will ___________ as general manager when Mitchell retires.
A. get away B. take over C. set off D. run out
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词辨析。句意:当Mitchell退休时。Briggs将会接任总经理的职务。get away“走开;逃脱惩罚”;take over“接管;接任”;set off“动身;出发”;run out“用完;耗尽”,根据句意可知选B。
8. If you are in trouble, Mike is always willing to _________ a hand.
A. lend B. shake C. wave D. want
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词辨析。句意:如果你有麻烦,迈克总是愿意伸出援助之手。lend a hand“伸出援助之手”;shake a hand“握手”;wave a hand“挥手”;want a hand“需要帮忙”,根据句意可知选A。
六、课堂小结
动词是英语词汇中的核心,而动词及其构成的短语一直是高考中的热点和难点。它的用法最灵活,其种类比较多,形式复杂。每年高考对动词短语和动词的考查主要体现在完形填空、语法填空和短文改错三个题型中,动词及动词短语词义辨析的比重较大,并逐年增加,难度也大。预测今后高考中特别要注意动词及其和介词、副词的搭配,以及构成的固定短语,掌握其意义并能够在具体的语境中灵活运用。