济南中考真题重现
一、句子的种类专题
考点一 肯定句变否定句 ?
陈述句是用来叙述一件事情或表明说话人的看法、态度等的句子。包括肯定陈述句和否定陈述句。肯定句变否定句的方法有:
1.若句中有be动词、情态动词或助动词,则分别在它们的后面加上not。
例句：①Ann
is
a
doctor.安是一名医生。
→Ann
isn’t
a
doctor.安不是一名医生。
②Jim
can
swim.吉姆会游泳。
→Jim
can’t
swim.吉姆不会游泳。
③I
will
buy
a
bike.我打算买一辆自行车。
→I
won’t
buy
a
bike.我不打算买一辆自行车。
2.句中谓语动词是实义动词或be以外的连系动词时,要在该动词前加don’t,doesn’t或didn’t,且该动词要用原形。另外,还需要将原句子中的some改为any;too改为either;already改为yet;and改为or。
例句：I
have
some
apples,too.我也有一些苹果。
→I
don’t
have
any
apples,either.
我也没有苹果。
Tom
did
his
homework
last
night.
昨天晚上汤姆做家庭作业了。
→Tom
didn’t
do
his
homework
last
night.
昨天晚上汤姆没有做家庭作业。
【巧记口诀】
各种时态的肯定句变否定句
变成否定有方法,“有”“将”“是”后not加,
一般现在和过去,如果谓语为实义,
don’t(doesn’t/didn’t)加上去,
还有一点要注意,后面的动词用原形。
考点二 一般疑问句 ?
所谓一般疑问句,就是可以用yes或no来回答的疑问句。
1.肯定式的一般疑问句
此类一般疑问句的结构为:“be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语+其他?”。
例句：Are
you
a
worker?你是一名工人吗?
Can
you
swim?你会游泳吗?
Do
you
like
playing
football?你喜欢踢足球吗?
2.否定式的一般疑问句
此类一般疑问句主要表示反问或惊讶,通常在be动词、情态动词或助动词后加not的简略式n’t,并放在句首。
在否定式的一般疑问句的答语中,yes应翻译成“不”,no应翻译成“是的”。
例句：—Aren’t
you
a
writer?难道你不是一名作家吗?
—No,I’m
not.是的,我不是。
【中考真题重现】——一般疑问句
(
B
)1.
—We’ll
have
a
new
science
teacher
next
month.
—________you
sure
about
that?
A.
Do
B.
Are
C.
Will
D.
Have
(
C
)2.—
______you
have
an
eraser,
Cindy?
—Yes.
It's
in
my
pencil
box.
A.
Is
B.
Are
C.
Do
D.
Does
(
D
)3.—Jill，
who
_______
that
in
the
white
coat？
—It’s
my
brother，
Joe．
A．did
B．does
C．are
D．is
考点三 特殊疑问句 ?
由特殊疑问词或短语引导的疑问句,叫特殊疑问句。常见的特殊疑问词或短语有：
what,who,whose,which,when,where,how,what
time,how
much,how
many,how
long等。
特殊疑问词或短语作主语时,句子的语序与陈述句的语序相同;当特殊疑问词或短语作句子的宾语、状语等时,应用“疑问词+一般疑问句”语序。
例句：Who
will
give
us
a
talk?谁将给我们做报告?(作主语)
When
do
you
get
up
every
day?
你每天什么时候起床?(作时间状语)
【中考真题重现】——特殊疑问句
(
D
)1.—
is
your
art
teacher?
—Mr.
Miller.
He
is
my
favorite
teacher.
A.
What
B.
Where
C.
How
D.
Who
(
C
)2.
—
________
was
your
school
trip?
—It
was
excellent.
We
went
to
the
Yellow
River.
A.
Who
B.
What
C.
How
D.
Where
(
D
)3.
—Jane，
_____
is
our
School
Day?
—It's
on
May
18th.
A.
who
B.
how
C.
where
D.
when
(
B
)4.—_______
did
you
visit
Taiwan
with，
Sarah?
—My
parents．We
had
a
good
time
there．
A．What
B．Who
C．Where
D．When
(
D
)5.—___________
is
your
favorite
day?
—Monday.
Because
we
have
P.E.
and
music.
A.
Why
B.
Who
C.
How
D.
What
考点四 选择疑问句 ?
要求对方对两种或两种以上的情况进行选择的问句,叫作选择疑问句。选择疑问句的两个供选择的部分之间用or连接。选择疑问句有两种:一般选择疑问句和特殊选择疑问句。选择疑问句不能用yes或no来回答。
例句：—Do
you
like
Tom
or
Jerry?你喜欢汤姆还是杰瑞?
—I
like
Jerry.我喜欢杰瑞。
—Which
do
you
like
best,apples,oranges
or
bananas?
你最喜欢哪一样,苹果、橙子还是香蕉?
—I
like
apples
best.我最喜欢苹果。
【中考真题重现】——选择疑问句
(
B
)1.
—Does
your
uncle
live
in
England
or
America?
—________.
He
lives
in
London.
A.Yes,
he
does
B.In
England
C.
No,
he
doesn’t
D.
In
America
(
C
)2.
—Bill，
does
your
sister
have
brown
hair
or
red
hair?
—_________．She
takes
after
my
mother．
A．Yes，
she
does
B．No，
she
doesn’t
C．Brown
hair
D．I
don’t
know
考点五 祈使句 ?
祈使句表达说话人对对方的劝告、叮嘱、建议、请求或命令等。主语you通常省略,谓语动词用原形,句末用感叹号或句号。表达请求或劝告时,祈使句句末或句首可以加上please表示委婉的语气。
1.祈使句的肯定形式
(1)动词原形(系动词用be)。
例句：Come
on!加油!
Be
careful!小心!
(2)动词前加上do加强语气,表示“务必;一定”。
例句：Do
get
up
early
tomorrow!明天一定要早起!
Do
look
out!千万要小心!
(3)Let+宾语+动词原形(+其他成分).
例句：Let’s
play
soccer
after
school.
放学后我们踢足球吧。
Let
me
have
a
try
again.让我再试一下吧。
2.祈使句的否定形式
(1)don’t+动词原形,表示“不要/禁止……”。
例句：Don’t
step
on
the
grass!禁止践踏草坪!
Don’t
be
late
for
class!上课不要迟到!
(2)let开头的祈使句的否定形式分两种情况:
①Don’t
let+宾语+动词原形+其他.
②Let+宾语+not+动词原形+其他.
例句：Don’t
let
the
children
play
in
the
street.
不要让孩子们在大街上玩耍。
Let
the
children
not
play
in
the
street.
让孩子们别在大街上玩耍。
Let’s
not
argue
about
it
anymore.
我们不要再为了这件事争吵了。
(3)公共场合的提示语中常用“no+名词/动词的-ing形式”表示“禁止做某事”。
例句：No
photos!禁止拍照!
No
talking!禁止喧哗!
【中考真题重现】——祈使句
(
D
)1.
—Eric,
playing
that
computer
game.
Why
not
read
a
book?
―OK,
Mom.
A.
to
stop
B.
stopping
C.
stops
D.
stop
(
C
)2.
—________
the
milk,
Peter!
It’s
good
for
your
heath.
—OK,
Mom.
A.
Drinks
B.Drinking
C.
Drink
D.
To
drink
(
A
)3.
—Laura,
_____out
the
rubbish
when
you
leave.
And
I’ll
do
the
dishes.
—OK,
Dad.
A.
take
B.
takes
C.took
D.
to
take
(
B
)4.—_________dressed
now!
We
have
to
go
in
ten
minutes．
—OK，
Mom．
A．Getting
B．Get
C．To
get
D．Gets
考点六 感叹句 ?
类别
结构
例句
以
what
引导
What+a/an+adj.+单数可数名词(+主语+谓语)!
What
a
beautiful
girl
she
is!
多么漂亮的一个女孩!
What+adj.+复数可数名词(+主语+谓语)!
What
tall
trees
they
are!
多么高的树!
What+adj.+不可数名词(+主语+谓语)!
What
bad
weather
it
is
today!
今天的天气多么糟糕啊!
以
how
引导
How+adj.+a/an+可数名词单数(+主语+谓语)!
How
clever
a
boy
he
is!
他是一个多么聪明的男孩!
How+adj./adv.(+主语+谓语)!
How
quickly
Tom
runs!
汤姆跑得真快啊!
How+主语+谓语!
How
time
flies!
光阴似箭!
【中考真题重现】——感叹句
(
D
)1.
—Let's
go
to
the
amusement
park
after
the
exams!
—________
good
idea!
A.
How
B.
What
C.
What
an
D.
What
a
(
B
)2.―Look!
____
beautiful
flowers!
—And
they
smell
very
nice.
A.
How
B.What
C.
What
a
D.
What
an
(
C
)3.—My
kite
is
in
that
tree.
Could
you
get
it
down?
—Oh,
________
tall
tree!
A.how
B.
what
C.
what
a
D.
what
an
(
B
)4.
—Steve
and
his
two
little
brothers
made
a
model
plane,
and
they
won
first
prize.
—_____
clever
children!
A.How
B.What
C.What
a
D.What
an
二、并列句和复合句专题
（一）并列句
由并列连词把两个或两个以上的简单句连接起来的句子叫并列句。常见分类:
1.表示同等、平行或承接关系,常用连词有and,not
only
...but
also
...,neither
...nor
...等。
2.表示转折关系,常用连词有but,yet(然而),while(而)等。
3.表示选择关系,常用连词有or,either
...or
...(要么……要么……)等。
4.表示因果关系,常见的连词有for
(因为),so等。
（二）复合句
由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子叫复合句。从句须由关联词引导。初中英语教材主要涉及的复合句有宾语从句、定语从句和状语从句。
考点一 宾语从句 ?
在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫宾语从句。
1.宾语从句的语序
宾语从句须用陈述语序。
例句：Do
you
know
how
much
the
car
is?
你知道这辆车多少钱吗?
2.宾语从句的引导词
引导词
例句
由that引导
I
know
(that)
you
are
a
good
man.
我知道你是个好人。
由if或whether引导
I
wonder
if/whether
you
would
mind
making
less
noise.
我不知道你是否介意小点儿声。
由连接代词who,what,whose引导
Did
you
find
out
who
stole
the
money?
你查明是谁偷的钱了吗?
由连接副词when,why,where,how引导
The
granny
doesn’t
know
where
the
bus
stop
is.
那位老奶奶不知道公共汽车站在哪里。
3.宾语从句的时态
用法
例句
当主句是一般现在时或一般将来时时,宾语从句的时态可根据实际情况而定(可以是任意时态)
I
hear
that
he
went
to
Hangzhou
yesterday.
我听说他昨天去了杭州。
Mary
says
that
she
will
leave
China
tomorrow.
玛丽说她明天要离开中国。
当主句是过去时时,宾语从句必须用过去的某种时态(一般过去时,过去进行时,过去将来时,过去完成时等)
I
thought
that
you
were
Li
Ming’s
brother.
我原以为你是李明的弟弟。
I
heard
that
you
were
ill
yesterday.
我听说昨天你病了。
如果宾语从句表示的是一个永恒不变的客观事实、普遍真理、科学原理、自然现象等,即使主句是过去时,从句仍然用一般现在时
The
teacher
told
us
the
earth
goes
around
the
sun.
老师告诉我们地球绕着太阳转。
When
I
was
a
little
child,I
knew
that
the
sun
is
bigger
than
the
moon.
当我还是小孩子的时候,我就知道太阳比月亮大。
4.否定转移现象
用法
例句
当think“认为”、expect“期待”、guess“猜想”、imagine“想象”、believe“相信”、suppose“假如”、assume“假定”等动词的主语为第一人称,且本身为一般现在时,其后的宾语从句中的否定词通常转移到主句中
串联记忆:
我认为(think)我们期待(expect)的那个猜想(guess)有假(assume)。
I
don’t
think
I
can
remember
the
100
new
words
within
one
hour.
我想我不能在一小时之内记住这100个生词。
I
don’t
believe
that
he
will
come
tonight.
我相信今晚他不会来。
【中考真题重现】——宾语从句
(
B
)1.
—Could
you
tell
me
________
during
the
winter
vacation?
—I
studied
online
and
helped
with
the
housework.
A.
what
did
you
do
B.
what
you
did
C.
where
did
they
go
D.
where
you
went
(
B
)2.―What’s
up,
Tony?
―Well,
Mr.
King,
could
you
tell
______?
A.how
did
you
learn
history
B.
when
the
art
festival
is
C.
where
were
you
yesterday
D.
what
are
they
drawing
(
D
)3.—I
wonder
________
.
—What
about
next
Saturday?
A.
what
time
does
she
go
to
work
B.
when
will
you
watch
the
movie
C.
what
time
is
his
cousin
leaving
D.
when
you
can
hang
out
with
me
(
D
)4.
—Could
you
please
tell
me
___
?
—Well,
I
always
write
e-mails
to
my
pen
pals.
A.
how
do
you
learn
Chinese
B.
what
is
your
pen
pal's
hobby
C.
what
do
you
do
after
class
D.
how
you
improve
your
writing
(
B
)5.—Li
Mei，
do
you
know_________?
—Well，
she
likes
the
Voice
of
China．
A．what
TV
show
does
your
English
teacher
like
B.what
TV
show
your
English
teacher
likes
C．what
TV
show
did
your
English
teacher
like
D.what
TV
show
your
English
teacher
liked
考点二 定语从句 ?
在复合句中作定语,修饰主句中某一名词或代词的从句,叫作定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词,通常位于定语从句之前。引导定语从句的是关系代词that,which,who(whom,whose)和关系副词
when,where,why等。关系代词或关系副词位于先行词和定语从句之间,它既起连接作用,又充当从句中的一个成分。
A
doctor
is
a
person
who
looks
after
people’s
health.?
医生是照料人们身体健康的人。who是关系代词,在定语从句中作主语。
1.引导定语从句的关系代词
关系代词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。作宾语时,可以省略。引导定语从句的关系代词主要有that,which,who
(whom,whose)等。
(1)先行词指人时,定语从句由who,whom,that引导,在从句中who,that可以作主语或宾语,whom只作宾语。
例句：This
is
the
man
who/that
wanted
to
meet
you.
这是想见你的人。
The
man
who/that/whom
my
father
is
talking
to
is
Mr.
Wang.
那个正和我爸爸谈话的人是王先生。
【提醒】
that和who可以指人。表示人时,当先行词为everybody,anybody,everyone,anyone等时要用who,而不用that。
例句：Is
there
anyone
who
can
answer
this
question?
有人能回答这个问题吗?
(2)先行词指物时,定语从句由which,that引导,在从句中可以作主语或宾语。
例句：The
book
that/which
I
read
yesterday
is
very
interesting.
昨天我读的那本书很有趣。
The
doll
that/which
can
sing
costs
200
yuan.
那个会唱歌的玩具娃娃值200元。
【提醒】
关系代词that,which可以指物,其用法有如下区别:
1)只可用that引导的定语从句
①当先行词为everything,nothing,something,anything等不定代词时。
例句：We
should
do
everything
that
is
useful
to
the
people.
我们应该做一切对人民有用的事。
②先行词被all,every,no,some,any,little,much等词修饰时。
例句：You
can
take
any
seat
that
is
free.
你可以坐任何一个空位。
③先行词被the
only,the
very,the
right等词修饰时。
例句：He
is
the
very
man
that
I’m
looking
for.
他就是我正在找的那个人。
④当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。
例句：This
is
the
best
movie
that
I
have
ever
seen.
这是我所看过的最好的电影。
⑤当先行词被序数词修饰时。
例句：This
is
the
second
book
that
I
bought
this
week.
这是我这个星期买的第二本书。
⑥当先行词同时含有人和物时。
例句：We
talked
about
the
things
and
persons
that
we
were
interested
in.
我们谈论我们感兴趣的人和事。
2)只用which引导的定语从句
①当关系代词前使用介词时,只能用which,不能用that。
例句：This
is
the
train
by
which
we
went
to
Beijing.
这就是我们去北京乘坐的那班列车。
②在非限制性定语从句(即通常用逗号与主句隔开,若去掉从句,整个句子仍能表达完整意义的定语从句)中。
例句：Football,which
is
a
very
interesting
game,is
played
all
over
the
world.
足球是一项非常有趣的运动,世界各地人们都在踢。
(3)whose
在定语从句中只用作定语,有时它还可以同of
which互换。
例句：Please
pass
me
the
book
whose
cover/the
cover
of
which
is
green.请递给我那本绿皮的书。
2.引导定语从句的关系副词
关系副词在定语从句中作时间、地点、原因等状语。引导定语从句的关系副词主要有
when,where,why等。
(1)when的先行词须是表时间的名词,在从句中作时间状语。
例句：July
and
August
are
the
months
when
the
weather
is
hot.
七、八月是天气很热的月份。
(2)①where的先行词须是表地点的名词,在从句中作地点状语。
例句：She’s
going
to
her
home
where
she
can
rest.
她要回家了,在家里她可以休息。
②where的先行词也可以是有地点含义的抽象名词。
例句：He
has
reached
the
point
where
a
change
is
needed.
他已到了需要改弦易辙的地步。
(3)①why的先行词只有reason,在从句中作原因状语。
例句：Do
you
know
the
reason
why
I
left
early?
你知道我为什么早走吗?
②不需要强调先行词reason时,则可省去。此时why从句为表语从句。
例句：That’s
(the
reason)
why
she
spoke.
这就是她为什么发言的原因。
考点三 状语从句 ?
在复合句中作状语的从句叫状语从句,它可以修饰主句中的谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语或整个句子。状语从句由从属连词引导,从属连词不充当句子成分,只起连接作用。根据意义上的不同,状语从句可以分为时间状语从句、地点状语从句、条件状语从句、目的状语从句、让步状语从句、原因状语从句、结果状语从句、比较状语从句等(详见专题六连词)。
【中考真题重现】
(
C
)1.
―Has
Linda
washed
the
clothes?
—No,
she
hasn't.
She
_____it
after
she
finishes
her
homework.
A.
did
B.
has
done
C.
will
do
D.
was
doing
(
A
)2.—I'11
go
for
a
picnic
if
it
_____tomorrow.
Will
you
go
with
me?
—Yes,
of
course.
A.
doesn't
rain
B.
isn’t
raining
C.
won't
rain
D.
didn't
rain济南中考真题重现
一、句子的种类专题
考点一 肯定句变否定句 ?
陈述句是用来叙述一件事情或表明说话人的看法、态度等的句子。包括肯定陈述句和否定陈述句。肯定句变否定句的方法有:
1.若句中有be动词、情态动词或助动词,则分别在它们的后面加上not。
例句：①Ann
is
a
doctor.安是一名医生。
→Ann
isn’t
a
doctor.安不是一名医生。
②Jim
can
swim.吉姆会游泳。
→Jim
can’t
swim.吉姆不会游泳。
③I
will
buy
a
bike.我打算买一辆自行车。
→I
won’t
buy
a
bike.我不打算买一辆自行车。
2.句中谓语动词是实义动词或be以外的连系动词时,要在该动词前加don’t,doesn’t或didn’t,且该动词要用原形。另外,还需要将原句子中的some改为any;too改为either;already改为yet;and改为or。
例句：I
have
some
apples,too.我也有一些苹果。
→I
don’t
have
any
apples,either.
我也没有苹果。
Tom
did
his
homework
last
night.
昨天晚上汤姆做家庭作业了。
→Tom
didn’t
do
his
homework
last
night.
昨天晚上汤姆没有做家庭作业。
【巧记口诀】
各种时态的肯定句变否定句
变成否定有方法,“有”“将”“是”后not加,
一般现在和过去,如果谓语为实义,
don’t(doesn’t/didn’t)加上去,
还有一点要注意,后面的动词用原形。
考点二 一般疑问句 ?
所谓一般疑问句,就是可以用yes或no来回答的疑问句。
1.肯定式的一般疑问句
此类一般疑问句的结构为:“be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语+其他?”。
例句：Are
you
a
worker?你是一名工人吗?
Can
you
swim?你会游泳吗?
Do
you
like
playing
football?你喜欢踢足球吗?
2.否定式的一般疑问句
此类一般疑问句主要表示反问或惊讶,通常在be动词、情态动词或助动词后加not的简略式n’t,并放在句首。
在否定式的一般疑问句的答语中,yes应翻译成“不”,no应翻译成“是的”。
例句：—Aren’t
you
a
writer?难道你不是一名作家吗?
—No,I’m
not.是的,我不是。
【中考真题重现】——一般疑问句
(
)1.
—We’ll
have
a
new
science
teacher
next
month.
—________you
sure
about
that?
A.
Do
B.
Are
C.
Will
D.
Have
(
)2.—
______you
have
an
eraser,
Cindy?
—Yes.
It's
in
my
pencil
box.
A.
Is
B.
Are
C.
Do
D.
Does
(
)3.—Jill，
who
_______
that
in
the
white
coat？
—It’s
my
brother，
Joe．
A．did
B．does
C．are
D．is
考点三 特殊疑问句 ?
由特殊疑问词或短语引导的疑问句,叫特殊疑问句。常见的特殊疑问词或短语有：
what,who,whose,which,when,where,how,what
time,how
much,how
many,how
long等。
特殊疑问词或短语作主语时,句子的语序与陈述句的语序相同;当特殊疑问词或短语作句子的宾语、状语等时,应用“疑问词+一般疑问句”语序。
例句：Who
will
give
us
a
talk?谁将给我们做报告?(作主语)
When
do
you
get
up
every
day?
你每天什么时候起床?(作时间状语)
【中考真题重现】——特殊疑问句
(
)1.—
is
your
art
teacher?
—Mr.
Miller.
He
is
my
favorite
teacher.
A.
What
B.
Where
C.
How
D.
Who
(
)2.
—
________
was
your
school
trip?
—It
was
excellent.
We
went
to
the
Yellow
River.
A.
Who
B.
What
C.
How
D.
Where
(
)3.
—Jane，
_____
is
our
School
Day?
—It's
on
May
18th.
A.
who
B.
how
C.
where
D.
when
(
)4.—_______
did
you
visit
Taiwan
with，
Sarah?
—My
parents．We
had
a
good
time
there．
A．What
B．Who
C．Where
D．When
(
)5.—___________
is
your
favorite
day?
—Monday.
Because
we
have
P.E.
and
music.
A.
Why
B.
Who
C.
How
D.
What
考点四 选择疑问句 ?
要求对方对两种或两种以上的情况进行选择的问句,叫作选择疑问句。选择疑问句的两个供选择的部分之间用or连接。选择疑问句有两种:一般选择疑问句和特殊选择疑问句。选择疑问句不能用yes或no来回答。
例句：—Do
you
like
Tom
or
Jerry?你喜欢汤姆还是杰瑞?
—I
like
Jerry.我喜欢杰瑞。
—Which
do
you
like
best,apples,oranges
or
bananas?
你最喜欢哪一样,苹果、橙子还是香蕉?
—I
like
apples
best.我最喜欢苹果。
【中考真题重现】——选择疑问句
(
)1.
—Does
your
uncle
live
in
England
or
America?
—________.
He
lives
in
London.
A.Yes,
he
does
B.In
England
C.
No,
he
doesn’t
D.
In
America
(
)2.
—Bill，
does
your
sister
have
brown
hair
or
red
hair?
—_________．She
takes
after
my
mother．
A．Yes，
she
does
B．No，
she
doesn’t
C．Brown
hair
D．I
don’t
know
考点五 祈使句 ?
祈使句表达说话人对对方的劝告、叮嘱、建议、请求或命令等。主语you通常省略,谓语动词用原形,句末用感叹号或句号。表达请求或劝告时,祈使句句末或句首可以加上please表示委婉的语气。
1.祈使句的肯定形式
(1)动词原形(系动词用be)。
例句：Come
on!加油!
Be
careful!小心!
(2)动词前加上do加强语气,表示“务必;一定”。
例句：Do
get
up
early
tomorrow!明天一定要早起!
Do
look
out!千万要小心!
(3)Let+宾语+动词原形(+其他成分).
例句：Let’s
play
soccer
after
school.
放学后我们踢足球吧。
Let
me
have
a
try
again.让我再试一下吧。
2.祈使句的否定形式
(1)don’t+动词原形,表示“不要/禁止……”。
例句：Don’t
step
on
the
grass!禁止践踏草坪!
Don’t
be
late
for
class!上课不要迟到!
(2)let开头的祈使句的否定形式分两种情况:
①Don’t
let+宾语+动词原形+其他.
②Let+宾语+not+动词原形+其他.
例句：Don’t
let
the
children
play
in
the
street.
不要让孩子们在大街上玩耍。
Let
the
children
not
play
in
the
street.
让孩子们别在大街上玩耍。
Let’s
not
argue
about
it
anymore.
我们不要再为了这件事争吵了。
(3)公共场合的提示语中常用“no+名词/动词的-ing形式”表示“禁止做某事”。
例句：No
photos!禁止拍照!
No
talking!禁止喧哗!
【中考真题重现】——祈使句
(
)1.
—Eric,
playing
that
computer
game.
Why
not
read
a
book?
―OK,
Mom.
A.
to
stop
B.
stopping
C.
stops
D.
stop
(
)2.
—________
the
milk,
Peter!
It’s
good
for
your
heath.
—OK,
Mom.
A.
Drinks
B.Drinking
C.
Drink
D.
To
drink
(
)3.
—Laura,
_____out
the
rubbish
when
you
leave.
And
I’ll
do
the
dishes.
—OK,
Dad.
A.
take
B.
takes
C.took
D.
to
take
(
)4.—_________dressed
now!
We
have
to
go
in
ten
minutes．
—OK，
Mom．
A．Getting
B．Get
C．To
get
D．Gets
考点六 感叹句 ?
类别
结构
例句
以
what
引导
What+a/an+adj.+单数可数名词(+主语+谓语)!
What
a
beautiful
girl
she
is!
多么漂亮的一个女孩!
What+adj.+复数可数名词(+主语+谓语)!
What
tall
trees
they
are!
多么高的树!
What+adj.+不可数名词(+主语+谓语)!
What
bad
weather
it
is
today!
今天的天气多么糟糕啊!
以
how
引导
How+adj.+a/an+可数名词单数(+主语+谓语)!
How
clever
a
boy
he
is!
他是一个多么聪明的男孩!
How+adj./adv.(+主语+谓语)!
How
quickly
Tom
runs!
汤姆跑得真快啊!
How+主语+谓语!
How
time
flies!
光阴似箭!
【中考真题重现】——感叹句
(
)1.
—Let's
go
to
the
amusement
park
after
the
exams!
—________
good
idea!
A.
How
B.
What
C.
What
an
D.
What
a
(
)2.―Look!
____
beautiful
flowers!
—And
they
smell
very
nice.
A.
How
B.What
C.
What
a
D.
What
an
(
)3.—My
kite
is
in
that
tree.
Could
you
get
it
down?
—Oh,
________
tall
tree!
A.how
B.
what
C.
what
a
D.
what
an
(
)4.
—Steve
and
his
two
little
brothers
made
a
model
plane,
and
they
won
first
prize.
—_____
clever
children!
A.How
B.What
C.What
a
D.What
an
二、并列句和复合句专题
（一）并列句
由并列连词把两个或两个以上的简单句连接起来的句子叫并列句。常见分类:
1.表示同等、平行或承接关系,常用连词有and,not
only
...but
also
...,neither
...nor
...等。
2.表示转折关系,常用连词有but,yet(然而),while(而)等。
3.表示选择关系,常用连词有or,either
...or
...(要么……要么……)等。
4.表示因果关系,常见的连词有for
(因为),so等。
（二）复合句
由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子叫复合句。从句须由关联词引导。初中英语教材主要涉及的复合句有宾语从句、定语从句和状语从句。
考点一 宾语从句 ?
在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫宾语从句。
1.宾语从句的语序
宾语从句须用陈述语序。
例句：Do
you
know
how
much
the
car
is?
你知道这辆车多少钱吗?
2.宾语从句的引导词
引导词
例句
由that引导
I
know
(that)
you
are
a
good
man.
我知道你是个好人。
由if或whether引导
I
wonder
if/whether
you
would
mind
making
less
noise.
我不知道你是否介意小点儿声。
由连接代词who,what,whose引导
Did
you
find
out
who
stole
the
money?
你查明是谁偷的钱了吗?
由连接副词when,why,where,how引导
The
granny
doesn’t
know
where
the
bus
stop
is.
那位老奶奶不知道公共汽车站在哪里。
3.宾语从句的时态
用法
例句
当主句是一般现在时或一般将来时时,宾语从句的时态可根据实际情况而定(可以是任意时态)
I
hear
that
he
went
to
Hangzhou
yesterday.
我听说他昨天去了杭州。
Mary
says
that
she
will
leave
China
tomorrow.
玛丽说她明天要离开中国。
当主句是过去时时,宾语从句必须用过去的某种时态(一般过去时,过去进行时,过去将来时,过去完成时等)
I
thought
that
you
were
Li
Ming’s
brother.
我原以为你是李明的弟弟。
I
heard
that
you
were
ill
yesterday.
我听说昨天你病了。
如果宾语从句表示的是一个永恒不变的客观事实、普遍真理、科学原理、自然现象等,即使主句是过去时,从句仍然用一般现在时
The
teacher
told
us
the
earth
goes
around
the
sun.
老师告诉我们地球绕着太阳转。
When
I
was
a
little
child,I
knew
that
the
sun
is
bigger
than
the
moon.
当我还是小孩子的时候,我就知道太阳比月亮大。
4.否定转移现象
用法
例句
当think“认为”、expect“期待”、guess“猜想”、imagine“想象”、believe“相信”、suppose“假如”、assume“假定”等动词的主语为第一人称,且本身为一般现在时,其后的宾语从句中的否定词通常转移到主句中
串联记忆:
我认为(think)我们期待(expect)的那个猜想(guess)有假(assume)。
I
don’t
think
I
can
remember
the
100
new
words
within
one
hour.
我想我不能在一小时之内记住这100个生词。
I
don’t
believe
that
he
will
come
tonight.
我相信今晚他不会来。
【中考真题重现】——宾语从句
(
)1.
—Could
you
tell
me
________
during
the
winter
vacation?
—I
studied
online
and
helped
with
the
housework.
A.
what
did
you
do
B.
what
you
did
C.
where
did
they
go
D.
where
you
went
(
)2.―What’s
up,
Tony?
―Well,
Mr.
King,
could
you
tell
______?
A.how
did
you
learn
history
B.
when
the
art
festival
is
C.
where
were
you
yesterday
D.
what
are
they
drawing
(
)3.—I
wonder
________
.
—What
about
next
Saturday?
A.
what
time
does
she
go
to
work
B.
when
will
you
watch
the
movie
C.
what
time
is
his
cousin
leaving
D.
when
you
can
hang
out
with
me
(
)4.
—Could
you
please
tell
me
___
?
—Well,
I
always
write
e-mails
to
my
pen
pals.
A.
how
do
you
learn
Chinese
B.
what
is
your
pen
pal's
hobby
C.
what
do
you
do
after
class
D.
how
you
improve
your
writing
(
)5.—Li
Mei，
do
you
know_________?
—Well，
she
likes
the
Voice
of
China．
A．what
TV
show
does
your
English
teacher
like
B.what
TV
show
your
English
teacher
likes
C．what
TV
show
did
your
English
teacher
like
D.what
TV
show
your
English
teacher
liked
考点二 定语从句 ?
在复合句中作定语,修饰主句中某一名词或代词的从句,叫作定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词,通常位于定语从句之前。引导定语从句的是关系代词that,which,who(whom,whose)和关系副词
when,where,why等。关系代词或关系副词位于先行词和定语从句之间,它既起连接作用,又充当从句中的一个成分。
A
doctor
is
a
person
who
looks
after
people’s
health.?
医生是照料人们身体健康的人。who是关系代词,在定语从句中作主语。
1.引导定语从句的关系代词
关系代词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。作宾语时,可以省略。引导定语从句的关系代词主要有that,which,who
(whom,whose)等。
(1)先行词指人时,定语从句由who,whom,that引导,在从句中who,that可以作主语或宾语,whom只作宾语。
例句：This
is
the
man
who/that
wanted
to
meet
you.
这是想见你的人。
The
man
who/that/whom
my
father
is
talking
to
is
Mr.
Wang.
那个正和我爸爸谈话的人是王先生。
【提醒】
that和who可以指人。表示人时,当先行词为everybody,anybody,everyone,anyone等时要用who,而不用that。
例句：Is
there
anyone
who
can
answer
this
question?
有人能回答这个问题吗?
(2)先行词指物时,定语从句由which,that引导,在从句中可以作主语或宾语。
例句：The
book
that/which
I
read
yesterday
is
very
interesting.
昨天我读的那本书很有趣。
The
doll
that/which
can
sing
costs
200
yuan.
那个会唱歌的玩具娃娃值200元。
【提醒】
关系代词that,which可以指物,其用法有如下区别:
1)只可用that引导的定语从句
①当先行词为everything,nothing,something,anything等不定代词时。
例句：We
should
do
everything
that
is
useful
to
the
people.
我们应该做一切对人民有用的事。
②先行词被all,every,no,some,any,little,much等词修饰时。
例句：You
can
take
any
seat
that
is
free.
你可以坐任何一个空位。
③先行词被the
only,the
very,the
right等词修饰时。
例句：He
is
the
very
man
that
I’m
looking
for.
他就是我正在找的那个人。
④当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。
例句：This
is
the
best
movie
that
I
have
ever
seen.
这是我所看过的最好的电影。
⑤当先行词被序数词修饰时。
例句：This
is
the
second
book
that
I
bought
this
week.
这是我这个星期买的第二本书。
⑥当先行词同时含有人和物时。
例句：We
talked
about
the
things
and
persons
that
we
were
interested
in.
我们谈论我们感兴趣的人和事。
2)只用which引导的定语从句
①当关系代词前使用介词时,只能用which,不能用that。
例句：This
is
the
train
by
which
we
went
to
Beijing.
这就是我们去北京乘坐的那班列车。
②在非限制性定语从句(即通常用逗号与主句隔开,若去掉从句,整个句子仍能表达完整意义的定语从句)中。
例句：Football,which
is
a
very
interesting
game,is
played
all
over
the
world.
足球是一项非常有趣的运动,世界各地人们都在踢。
(3)whose
在定语从句中只用作定语,有时它还可以同of
which互换。
例句：Please
pass
me
the
book
whose
cover/the
cover
of
which
is
green.请递给我那本绿皮的书。
2.引导定语从句的关系副词
关系副词在定语从句中作时间、地点、原因等状语。引导定语从句的关系副词主要有
when,where,why等。
(1)when的先行词须是表时间的名词,在从句中作时间状语。
例句：July
and
August
are
the
months
when
the
weather
is
hot.
七、八月是天气很热的月份。
(2)①where的先行词须是表地点的名词,在从句中作地点状语。
例句：She’s
going
to
her
home
where
she
can
rest.
她要回家了,在家里她可以休息。
②where的先行词也可以是有地点含义的抽象名词。
例句：He
has
reached
the
point
where
a
change
is
needed.
他已到了需要改弦易辙的地步。
(3)①why的先行词只有reason,在从句中作原因状语。
例句：Do
you
know
the
reason
why
I
left
early?
你知道我为什么早走吗?
②不需要强调先行词reason时,则可省去。此时why从句为表语从句。
例句：That’s
(the
reason)
why
she
spoke.
这就是她为什么发言的原因。
考点三 状语从句 ?
在复合句中作状语的从句叫状语从句,它可以修饰主句中的谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语或整个句子。状语从句由从属连词引导,从属连词不充当句子成分,只起连接作用。根据意义上的不同,状语从句可以分为时间状语从句、地点状语从句、条件状语从句、目的状语从句、让步状语从句、原因状语从句、结果状语从句、比较状语从句等(详见专题六连词)。
【中考真题重现】
(
)1.
―Has
Linda
washed
the
clothes?
—No,
she
hasn't.
She
_____it
after
she
finishes
her
homework.
A.
did
B.
has
done
C.
will
do
D.
was
doing
(
)2.—I'11
go
for
a
picnic
if
it
_____tomorrow.
Will
you
go
with
me?
—Yes,
of
course.
A.
doesn't
rain
B.
isn’t
raining
C.
won't
rain
D.
didn't
rain
