2021年备考中考冲刺语法教案第一讲 名词 （含中考精选题，考点总结，考点精练）（牛津深圳版）

2021备考中考冲刺语法教案第一讲
语法专题1：名词
【中考精选---课前小测】
( )1. —Is this hat__________?—No, the red one is__________.
A. Lucy’s; her B. Lucy; her C. Lucy's; hers D. Lucy;hers
( )2. —It's said that the two_________doctors have just come back from Wuhan.
—Yeah, I know them. They are both already in their_________.
A. woman; sixty B. women; sixtieth C. women; sixties D. women; sixty
( )3. How much_________do we need to make a banana milk shake?
A. bananas B. apples C. coffee D.milk
( )4. Nobody thought it is easy to finish so much work in__________.
A. two days' time B. two-days time C. two- day's time D. two day’s time
( )5. Look at the big and clean room. It's__________.
A. Lucy’s and Lily’s B. Lucy and Lily's C. Lucy's and Lily D. Lucy and Lily
( )6. About 200________went to see the Asian Fashion Show last night.
A. German B. Australian C. Chinese D. American
( )7.—What else do we need to make cold beef?—___________.
A. Two spoons salt B. Two spoons of salts C. Two spoons of salt D. Two salts
( )8. —What's your brother’s_________?—It’s about 1.75 meters.He’s the tallest in his class.
A. age B. address C. weight D. height
( )9. Lucy’s father works in No. 1 Hospital. He is a_______.
A. teacher B. doctor C. postman D. policeman
( )10.—In China, we use red paper for hongbao because red means good luck.
— That's interesting! I want to know all the Chinese___________.
A. traditions B. sentences C. notices D. problems
( )11. An electronic_________ is a smart guide.It can lead us to the place we want to go to.
A. eye B. map C. book D. dictionary
( )12. Many jobs require people who are good at English. If your English is good, you will have one more_________ when searching for jobs.
A. method B. interest C. advantage D. examination
( )13.—Lucy， how about going to the_________.
— Sounds great. Reading books can give us much pleasure.
A. library B. cinema C. museum D. concert
( )14. I couldn’t get much________of the exhibition of clean-energy products from the website.
A. news B. photos C. posters D. advertisements
( )15. You can see the_______ in our faces when we talk about the great achievements in the past 70 years.
A. doubt B. pride C. regret D. ability
考题点评:外省的名词考题侧重于句子意义的理解与词汇辨析，而广州的名词考题侧重于语法层面的理解，如名词的单复数，可数与不可数名词和名词所有格等。
【考点小结】
名词的考点主要是掌握名词的单复数形式、可数名词、不可数名词以及名词的所有格。
一、名词的单复数形式
1.可数名词复数形式的规则变化
(1)一般情况下直接在名词末尾加-s。如:desk- desks
(2)以s，x，sh，ch结尾的名词后加es。如:glass-glass, box- boxes，brush-brushes， match- matches
(3)以y结尾的名词。
①以“元音字母+y”结尾的名词，不用改y为i，直接加-s。如:boy-boys
②以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词，改y为i加es。如:baby- babies
(4)以f或fe结尾的名词。
①以f或fe结尾的名词的复数形式绝大部分是把f或fe改为v，再加-es构成。如:half- halves
Knife-knives
②少数以f结尾的名词直接在词尾加-s。如:roof- roofs，gulf(海湾)- gulfs
(5)以o结尾的名词，若表示无生命特征的东西则在词尾加-s;若表示有生命特征的人或物，则在词尾加-es，但少数名词除外。如: kangaroo- kangaroos
名词单数 名词复数 词义 对比
名词单数 名词复数 词义
radio radios 收音机
tomato tomatoes 西红柿
photo photos 图片
potato potatoes 土豆
piano pianos 钢琴
hero heroes 英雄
zoo zoos 动物园
Negro Negroes 黑人
2.名词复数的不规则变化
单数名词 复数名词 词义 单数名词 复数名词 词义
man men 男人 woman women 女人
tooth teeth 牙齿 foot feet 脚
child children 小孩 goose geese 鹅
mouse mice 老鼠 ox oxen 牛
3.表示人物的名词的复数形式
单数名词 复数名词 词义 对比 单数名词 复数名词 词义
gentleman gentlemen 绅士
human humans 人
policewoman policewomen 女警察
German Germans 德国人
以 man,woman结尾的合成词，在构成复数时与man， woman的变化形式相同

human， German不是合成词，其复数形式不能按照man的变化规律，而是按规则变化，后面直接加-s
4.单数与复数同形的名词常见的有
sheep绵羊 Chinese中国人 fish鱼(表示数量时是单复数同形，表示不同种类的鱼时，有时也用 fishes)
deer鹿 Japanese日本人
5.man， woman作定语修饰其他名词时，它们的单复数随着它们所修饰的名词的单复数而变化。如: a man doctor/ men doctors男医生 woman writer/ women writers女作家
6.有的名词单数形式表示复数意义，如 people(人们)， cattle(牛的总称)， police(警察)等。
7.有的名词只有复数形式，如 glasses(眼镜)， pants(裤子)， trousers(裤子)， clothes(衣服)等，这类名词表示数量时，前面加上量词，如 a pair of glasses(一副眼镜)等。
8.有些集体名词单复数意义不同
集体名词 单数意义 复数意义
family 家庭 家庭成员
team 队 队员
class 班级 班级成员
二、常考的不可数名词
information 信息 news 新闻 water 水 paper 纸
food 食物 fruit 水果 beef 牛肉 chicken 鸡肉
salad 沙拉 exercise 锻炼 housework 家务 orange 橙汁
juice 果汁 milk 牛奶 coke 可乐 tea 茶
waste 废物 weather 天气 bread 面包 rain 雨水
wind 风 chocolate 巧克力 rice 米饭 hair 头发
meat 肉 fish 鱼肉 advice 建议 population 人口
salt 盐 anger 愤怒 cake 蛋糕 money 钱
traffic 交通 energy 能量 time 时间 space 空间
peace 和平 fun 有趣的事情 homework 家庭作业 health 健康
change 零钱 and 沙子 courage 勇气 fear 恐惧
三、名词的所有格
1.一般情况下在名词后加’s。如: that boy’s book那个男孩的书
2.在以s结尾的名词(包括以s结尾的复数名词)后面，只加“ ’ ”。如果复数名词不是以s结尾的，末尾也要加’s。如: the teachers’ office教师办公室 Children’s Day儿童节
用and连接的并列名词的所有格要分两种情况，即表示各自的所有关系时，要分别在并列名词后加's;当表示共同的所有关系时,只在最后一个名词后加’s。
如:Jack’s and Mike’s rooms杰克和迈克(各自)的房间
Jack and Mike’s room杰克和迈克(共同)的房间
表示“店铺”“诊所”“某人家”等的所有格，一般可以省略它后面所修饰的名词。
如: at Tom’s(home)在汤姆的家 at the barber’s在理发店
5.有些指时间、距离、国家、城镇等的名词，也可以加’s构成所有格。
如:today’s newspaper今天的报纸 ten minutes’ walk十分钟步行的路程
6.由of短语构成的所有格
(1)表示无生命的名词，一般与of构成短语，表示所有关系。
如: on the other side of the road在公路的另一边
(2)双重所有格。双重所有格就是指既使用’s所有格,又使用of所有格。
如: a friend of my brother’s我兄弟的一位朋友
a photo of Mike’s麦克的一张照片
【趁热打铁---考点精练】
( )1.—How far is it from your house to your school?
— It is about fifteen____________.
A. minutes' walk B. minute's walk C. minute walk D. minutes's walk
( )2. He told his father that there was__________in___________ newspaper.
A. important something; today B. something important; today
C. anything important; today’s D.something important; today’s
( )3. Our headteacher said she would tell us__________.
A. two good pieces of news B. two pieces of good news
C. two good piece of news D. two piece of good news
( )4. —John, where were you last night？
—I was at____________. I hurt my leg.
A. Doctor Li’s B. Doctor Lis C. Doctor Lis’ D. Doctor Lis’ house
( )5.—Mary, would you like to go shopping with me this afternoon?
—I’d love to,but I have to write a________paper.So I’m sorry I can’t go.
A. four-thousands-word B. four-thousands-words
C. four-thousand-word D.four-thousand-words
( )6.Tom is the___________brother. He is also one of the friend of_________.
A. twins’;my B. twin’s; mine C. twins’; mine D. twins’; me
( )7. He wanted to cook some_________and________ for supper.
A. potatos; two pieces of meat B. potatoes; two meats
C. potatoes two piece of meat D. potatoes; two pieces of meat
( ) 8. Look! There are many__________eating__________at the foot of the hill.
A. sheep; grass B. sheeps; grasses C. sheep;grasses D.sheeps; grass
( )9. He bought a beautiful dress for his mother as a present________.
A. in Mothers’ Day B. on Mother's Day C. on Mothers’ Day D. in Mother’s Day
( )10. —How far can you jump, Mike?
—I can jump_________.
A. five-meter-long B. five meters long C. five-meters-long D. five meter long
( )11.— Li Hua, do you know a terrible accident happened last night?
—Yes, I heard of that. Many_______came there and four______ were killed in the accident.
A. policeman; lives B. police; life C. policemen; life D. policemen; lives
( )12. There isn’t enough________for 20 people in these two___________.
A. room;room B. rooms;rooms C. room;rooms D. rooms;room
( )13. —Are these people from__________?
—Yes, they are___________.
A. German;Germany B. Germany;Germans C. Germany;Germen D. German;Germans
( )14. Mr Li handed out all his_________ to them and asked them to check the wrong answers.
A.students' exam paper B. students' exam papers
C. Student’s exam paper D. student’s exam papers
( )15.— Who is that lady, do you know？
—She is__________mother。
A. Mike's and Tom’s B. Mike's and Tom C. Mike and Tom D. Mike and Tom’s
参考答案：
【中考精选---课前小测】1-5CCDAB 6-10CCDBA 11-15BCAAB
【趁热打铁---考点精练】1-5ADBAC 6-10CDABB 11-15DCBBD