2021年河北中考英语题型专项复习学案：题型4　阅读理解（含答案）

题型四　阅读理解
河北五年中考命题规律及趋势
年份 体裁和话题 考查方式
2020 A应用文：四个学生分享自己的梦想工作
B记叙文：讲述Dan 因害怕失败不想参加电视说唱比赛，在朋友们的帮助下最终克服心理恐惧的故事
C应用文：介绍Rotorua Grammar School 假期俱乐部
D说明文：正是因为无数服务人员的无私奉献，我们的社会才更和谐。人与人之间相互依存，相互帮助 细节理解题(51，52，54，55，57，58，59，60，61，62)，综合归纳题(53)，推理判断题(56)，写作意图题(64)，词义猜测题(63)，标题归纳题(65)
2019 A剧本：四个青少年野餐后打扫场地的片段
B记叙文：小女孩帮助同班同学摆脱困境的故事
C应用文：学校“运动月”活动的目的和内容
D说明文：笔在人类生活中的重要作用 细节理解题(46，48，49，50，54，55，58)，推理判断题(47，51)，主旨大意题(52，53)，指代判断题(57)，词义猜测题(59)，标题归纳题(60)，写作意图题(56)
2018 A应用文：网上购物投诉及反馈
B记叙文：Edward把买书的钱捐给贫困家庭，善心比新年礼物更有价值
C应用文：甜品培训班招收学员的广告
D说明文：关于如何当一名合格的志愿者的几点建议 细节理解题(47，48，49，50，51，52，53，55，56，57，58)，词义猜测题(59)，主旨大意题(60)，数字计算题(54)，写作意图题(46)
2017 A记叙文：讲述大卫由于被锁图书馆，发现读书并不是一件糟糕事的故事
B说明文：介绍了如何制作风筒
C说明文：通过蝴蝶和Dennis的例子告诉我们挑战的作用以及我们应该如何面对挑战 细节理解题(46，47，48，50，51，52，53，56，57)，推理判断题(49，54)，词义猜测题(58)，写作意图题(55，59)，标题归纳题(60)
2016 A记叙文：讲述了一个小男孩独立做了一个汽车模型的故事
B旅游指南：美术博物馆的信息介绍
C说明文：介绍中国与西方国家宾主关系的差异 细节理解题(51，52，53，54，56，57，58，59，60，61，62)，推理判断题(63)，词义猜测题(64)，主旨大意题(55，65)
【规律总结】
1．设题多为细节理解题，兼顾推理判断题、词义猜测题、写作意图题、标题归纳题和主旨大意题等；
2．设题形式为挖空型与问答型相结合；
3．话题侧重教育、学习、职业、咨询建议和人生价值观等；
4．2018—2020年河北中考英语阅读增至4篇文章，其中2篇应用文，增强了对学生英语运用能力的考查，体现了核心素养。
【命题趋势及预测】
预测2021年阅读体裁主要为记叙文、应用文和说明文。话题贴近学生生活，考查方式主要有：细节理解、推理判断、词义猜测、主旨大意、标题归纳和写作意图等。
解题方法与技巧
阅读理解是考查学生能力的一种重要方式，主要考查学生对阅读材料的理解能力、对材料中有效信息的捕捉能力等。学生只有较快地读懂材料，抓住短文大意，获取关键信息，才能对阅读问题作出正确的判断。要高效地做好阅读理解题，必须分清类型、对症下药，还要运用一定的解题技巧，才能做好各类阅读题型。
1．阅读原文，理解大意
首先通读原文，捕捉文中所提供的信息，抓住文章大意，理清文章脉络。
2．审读题目，正确判断
读懂短文内容后再审读题目，把握每个待判定问题的含义，通过寻读法在原文中找出与每个问题相关的关键词，然后寻找该关键词在文章中所在的段落及句子，依据短文内容对试题所给出的问题及选项进行判断，得出正确答案。常见阅读理解的考查方式有以下几种形式：细节理解题、推理判断题、词义猜测题、主旨大意题、标题归纳题、写作意图题、数字计算题、指代判断题。
3．重读原文，复核检查
完成各小题后必须将短文重读一遍，加深对短文的理解，在此基础上再对每一道题进行复查，对有些似是而非的句子，一定要重新认真识别。
　细节理解(必考)
细节理解题通常是针对文章中的细节而设计的，内容涉及询问时间、地点、方式、人物、数量、行为、特征、态度、原因、结果、目的等。学生可以根据题干的关键信息，运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读文章，在文章中寻找相关语句，直接得出答案(如2020、51)。有时选项可能与文章语句有出入，则需要转换表述，核对选项的意义与文章是否一致(如2020、52)。
例　(2020河北中考节选)Anne: Ha，my dream job? An accountant(会计)! I think it's interesting.I'm good at numbers，you know，and I also like helping people manage their money.Good accountants are well paid，and I want to manage my own money，of course.But the most important of all，accountants mostly work alone，and I like to work alone. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
52.What is Anne's main reason for her dream job?
A.The job is interesting.　　　B．The job is well paid.
C.She is good at numbers. D．She likes to work by herself.
(2020黔西南州中考节选)One day，Tom was walking home when he suddenly noticed a young man sitting on the bridge railing(栏杆)．He was going to jump into the river to kill himself.
( )56.What was the young man going to do?
A.To end his life.
B.To enjoy the river.
C.To practice jumping.
D.To watch Tom walking.
　推理判断(5年4考)
推理判断题是指根据阅读材料所提供的信息，推断出未知的信息。阅读时，首先要抓住文章的主题，分析文章结构，根据上下文的内在联系，挖掘文章的深层含义。其次，对于暗含在文章中的人物的行为动机，事件中的因果关系及作者未言明的倾向、意图、态度、观点等要进行合乎逻辑的推理、判断、分析。
方法一：细节推断
例　(2020河北中考节选)Dan's friends sensed something was going on his mind.They planned to give him some help.When Dan got to class the next day，he saw a sign on the wall.It said，“Dan，just rap like in our classroom！” Dan smiled.“Perhaps it's not that hard to rap on TV，” he thought. 56．What do you think happened later according to the story?
A.Dan hated his friends for their push.
B.Dan forgot what he should rap on TV.
C.Dan attended the national competition.
D.Dan stopped rapping after the competition.
(2020江西中考节选)Because of studies like these，some countries and cities want nature to be part of people's everyday life…And South Korea(韩国) is another good example: it has new forests near its cities and around 13 million people visit these forests every year.So after building cities for so long，perhaps it's now time to start rebuilding nature.
( )75.What can we infer from the last sentence of the passage?
A.Nature is more important than cities.
B.Country life is healthier than city life.
C.People have lived in the cities for so long.
D.Nature should be part of people's daily life.
　　方法二：情感态度性格推断(如2019、51)
方法三：文章出处推断(近5年未考)
　主旨大意(5年3考)
主旨大意题主要考查学生对阅读材料的宏观理解，既需要细节理解能力，又需要深层次的推理概括能力，难度较大。一般来说，说明文和议论文都有主题句，而且多位于文章的开头，有时也位于文章的中间或末尾。但有时不能在文中直接找到主题句，这就要求学生在把握每段的主题句，弄清段与段之间逻辑关系的基础上自己归纳总结(如2019、52)。
　标题归纳(5年3考)
标题的呈现形式通常为单词、短语或者简短的句子，位于文章之首，用来高度概括文章内容，点明文章主题。要确定文章标题，首先，标题必须与主题密切相关；其次，标题需要能概括全文内容。不能只选取阅读材料中的某些事实或细节，要注意标题范围不应太大或太小。不少文章通过首尾句便可归纳出标题(如2019、60)。但有的文章主题贯穿于文中，这就需要学生在理解全文的基础上，归纳段落中心思想，理清文章层次结构，从而提炼出文章的标题(如2017、60)。
　写作意图(5年4考)
写作意图题要求学生根据文章的论述，推测作者的写作意图及应用某种写作手法的目的。解答此类题时，首先可根据文章或段落的主旨推断作者的写作意图(如2019、56)；其次，可根据文体的特点来推断。不同体裁的文章有不同的写作意图，故事类记叙文的写作意图通常是娱乐读者或揭示某个道理；广告类应用文的写作意图是推销产品或提供服务；议论文的写作意图是阐述论点；科普类说明文的写作意图是介绍科学知识，如事物的外观、构造、性质、特点、用途等(如2017、55)。
　指代判断(5年1考)
指代判断题通常分为两类：直接指代题和间接指代题。要求学生依据语境的逻辑关系，判断单词在文章中指代的对象。
方法一：直接指代(近5年未考)
解答此类题时，我们要认真阅读该词所在句和前后邻近句的内容，分析人称转换和动作变换的详细过程，理清其来龙去脉和前后的因果关系，从而准确推断其指代的对象。
方法二：间接指代(5年1考)
英语单词的含义丰富、搭配灵活，一些熟词在不同的语境或不同的搭配中有不同的含义，而这些含义与其本义有时没有密切的联系，这就需要我们结合语境来推断其含义。有时这些单词的新义既体现了其基本含义，又有迁移与拓展，在解答时就要求我们将单词的本义和语境有机地结合起来，综合考虑，然后准确推断其在特定语境中的含义。
例　(2019河北中考节选)The invention of the wheel，the introduction of steam engine(蒸汽机)，the use of electricity，all these have changed the lives of millions of people，but the pen has done more.It has taken away mountains，and it has prepared the way for all progress and development of the society. 57．The word “mountains”in the third paragraph refers to(指代)“something to ________”．
A.explain the use of electricity
B.lower the students' scores
C.stop the social development
D.change the law of the country
(2020南京中考节选改编)My mom signs me up for camps and activities without asking what I want to do.I only learn what I'm doing at the last minute.I don't like that it's a surprise，and I feel that I should be able to help plan my time.How can I have more of a say?
( )33.The underlined word “say” in the passage refers to “________”．
A.the ability to plan time
B.the chance to set up camps
C.the right to make decisions
D.the plan to enjoy activities
　词义猜测(必考)
考查“深奥难懂”的单词词义是最常见的词义猜测题的命题方式，解题过程中，有以下几种方法：
方法一：利用上下文语境猜词(2020、63；2019、59；2018、59；2017、58；2016、64)
学生在做此类题时，需重点关注该词出现的前后句句意，利用上下文提供的情景和线索，进行合乎逻辑的综合分析进而推测词义。
例　(2020河北中考节选)We have people who collect waste and rubbish and keep our community sanitary． 63．What does the underlined word “sanitary”mean?
A.Clean.　　　　B．Safe.
C.Quiet. D．Busy.
(2020杭州中考节选)However，there were many dangerous accidents on the train tracks.Some train drivers thought a star shining in the night sky was a white light that meant “go”．So the signals were swapped．The “go” light was changed to green and the “take care”light was changed to white.
( )20.What does the underlined word “swapped” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A.Designed.　　　　　　　B．Exchanged.
C.Suggested. D．Compared.
　　方法二：利用同义词、近义词、反义词猜词(近5年未考)
在单词所出现的上下文中，有时会出现与其同义或近义的词语或结构，这时学生可从熟悉的词语中推测其含义。而在对比中，对比的事物有可能是相反的，因此可以根据反义关系推测其含义。
例　(2020黔南州中考节选)“WeChat Pay is convenient and safe.We needn't tell if the money is real or fake．But paper money is just the opposite.We should encourage people to use WeChat Pay more，”said a wise man.____假的____
方法三：利用定义或解释猜词(近5年未考)
释义是对单词以定语(从句)、表语甚至用逗号、破折号等标点符号引出并加以解释说明的方式。有些文章，特别是科研报告类的文章，通常会给一些关键词下定义，学生可以利用定义来猜测这些词的意思。
例　(2020滨州中考节选)It will be also easier for doctors to treat patients remotely by 5G.It means caring for patients from far away.__远程地__
方法四：利用构词法猜词(近5年未考)
例　(2020金华中考节选改编)Today's young people seem to have become crazy multitaskers．They often use media when doing other activities.Some watch TV when doing homework，some text(发短信)，and some others listen to music.
( )43.The underlined word “multitaskers” in Paragraph 2 means people who ________.
A．ask a lot of questions　　　　　　　　　　B．use different media for learning
C．have several mobile phones D．do several tasks at the same time
　数字计算(5年1考)
数字计算题要求对阅读材料中提到的数据进行简单的加减乘除运算，以便得出符合题目要求的数据。解答这类题目时，首先要弄清题干的要求是什么，然后找到与它相关的数字，再对它们进行分析、整合，最后计算出正确答案。
例　(2018河北中考节选)Costs：$30 each lesson.You can start at any time. 54．You will pay ________ for five lessons.
A.$30　　　　B．$60
C.$120 D．$150
(2020遂宁中考节选改编)We have local guides and stay in tents or tree houses.The tours will last for ten days.
Adults：￥200/day
Children under 12：￥150/day
( )54.A 10?year?old boy wants to see wildlife animals with his parents.How much do they have to pay?
A.￥3，000.　B．￥5，000.　C．￥5，500.　D．￥3，200.
聚焦河北中考
A(21st Century改编)
Taking online classes is becoming increasingly popular，but students have different opinions about it.
Wang Qi，14：
I love taking online courses.They give me a lot more choices and freedom.We can choose to learn whatever we want.Also，online classes enable us to study whenever and wherever we want，which is very convenient.
Wu Jun，13：
I don't think taking online classes is a good way to study.There are many temptations(诱惑) on the Internet.Students can be distracted(分心的) from their courses easily.The whole learning process is not as organized as it is in the classroom.
Zhou Siya，13：
Online classrooms are helpful.We might feel more focused on learning when we are alone in front of a computer with no one to distract us.In addition，taking courses online also means we can have more time to use a computer，which is a good way to practice our computer skills.
Li Chunjie，14：
I think the idea of taking online courses is crazy.It can increase our exposure(接触) to computers and the radiation(辐射) from them could do harm to the human body，especially our eyes.Also，sitting in front of a computer for a long time without exercising can be harmful to our health.
( )1.Wang Qi thinks that taking online courses is convenient because ________.
A．there are many courses to choose from
B．it helps improve students' computer skills
C．students can feel more focused
D．students can take them at any time and any place they like
( )2.According to Li Chunjie，taking online courses ________.
A．can be helpful in many ways
B．causes a lot of distractions
C．will make students go crazy
D．is harmful to students' health
( )3.What are these students discussing?
A．Suggestions for taking online courses.
B．Different opinions on taking online courses.
C．Suggestions for becoming organized learners.
D．Different ways of studying on the Internet.
B(2020新疆中考)
Beijing Opera is one of the Chinese traditional drama art forms and the largest Chinese opera form.Having a history of about 200 years，it is developed from many other drama forms，mostly from the local drama “Huiban”．It was especially popular in south China during the 18th century.
Theatrical(戏剧的) art forms in many other countries do not have singing，dancing and spoken parts together in one single drama.An opera singer，for example，neither dances nor speaks on stage; there are no singing or dancing parts in a modern play; in a dance drama，the dancer doesn't speak or sing.Traditional Chinese drama，including Beijing Opera，is a kind of entertainment.It includes spoken parts，singing and dancing.
Beijing Opera has spread to many other places.Mei Lanfang，one of the most famous performers of all，was the first to introduce Beijing Opera to foreigners and made highly successful tours to foreign countries.
“You will doubt and sometimes be a little bored，but you will be interested gradually.You will be strongly attracted to Beijing Opera，even if you know nothing about the drama background.”This is how one traveler described his first experience in watching Beijing Opera.
Beijing Opera is China's national opera and it is full of Chinese cultural traditions.Welcome to China and enjoy Beijing Opera!
( )1.Beijing Opera is ________.
A．unpopular in north China
B．only developed from the local drama “Huiban”
C．a much larger Chinese opera form
D．a Chinese traditional drama art form
( )2.After watching Beijing Opera for the first time，the traveler felt ________.
A．busy B．nervous
C．interested D．uneasy
( )3.The underlined word “it” in the last paragraph means ________.代词指代
A．Beijing Opera B．local dramas
C．an opera singer D．a modern play
( )4.According to the passage，which of the following state?ments is NOT true?
A．Beijing Opera is a kind of entertainment.
B．An opera singer neither dances nor speaks on stage usually.
C．Only old people are interested in Beijing Opera.
D．Mei Lanfang was the first one to introduce Beijing Opera to foreigners.
( )5.The main purpose of writing the passage is to
________．写作意图
A．ask young people to learn Beijing Opera
B．tell us something about Beijing Opera
C．show why Beijing Opera is popular in Europe
D．introduce everything about foreign Opera
C(热点题)
China's Yangtze River is the world's third longest river.It is home to nearly 400 kinds of fishes.However，the Chinese paddlefish，once common in the area，is no longer a member of this ecosystem.Scientists from China said recently that the fish had disappeared.The fish likely disappeared sometime between 2005 and 2010.“It's very sad”，said Zeb Hogan，a U．S.biologist.“We've lost a special animal.There is no hope of recovery.”
The Chinese paddlefish was one of the world's largest freshwater fish.It could grow to seven meters.The fish had such a big nose that it got the nickname “elephant fish”．The Chinese paddlefish was an ancient species.It first appeared in the Jurassic(侏罗纪) period.After existing for 200 million years，the species finally disappeared.
About 25 tons of Chinese paddlefish were caught each year during the 1970s.And in 1981，the building of the Gezhouba Dam divided the paddlefish into two groups.The two groups could not mate(交配) with each other.As a result，the number of the species became even smaller.
Scientists warn that many freshwater fish species in the Yangtze River are in danger.The Chinese paddlefish was only the first to disappear.Luckily，China has taken action.In January，the country started a ten?year fishing ban(禁令) on the Yangtze River.
( )1.Why was the Chinese paddlefish called “elephant fish”？
A．Because it was as large as an elephant.
B．Because it looked like an elephant.
C．Because it had a big nose.
D．Because it could grow to seven meters.
( )2.The paddlefish disappeared because of ________.
A．long history B．dirty water
C．human activities D．dry weather
( )3.We can know from the last paragraph that ______.
A．many kinds of fishes disappeared
B．China has developed laws to protect lives
C．scientists will support fishing for ten years
D．people will be able to catch other kinds of fishes
( )4.What is the best title of the passage？标题归纳
A．China's Yangtze River
B．What does the Chinese paddlefish look like?
C．The Chinese paddlefish is in danger!
D．The Chinese paddlefish has disappeared!
D(2020台州中考)
Living on an island might sound wonderful.But what if you left for a trip and found you could never return? What if your home，and even the land it stood on，was gone forever? For people living in the Pacific Islands，this is really possible.
Why? Climate(气候) change.Climate change is causing the sea to rise.That's bad news for the Pacific Islands.Young people on the islands are even starting to wonder: Will they be the last generation(一代人)?
Not if the islanders have anything to do about it.These people are deeply connected to their homelands.The Pacific Islands are made up of 11 different countries: the Marshall Islands，Fiji，Samoa，and others.But now，those countries are working together.They're joining forces to fight climate change.
Why is climate change such a huge threat to this part of the world？Islands have low elevations(海拔)．So they are among the first places influenced by rising sea levels.That's why countries of the Pacific Islands are working together to do their part.
But these are small countries.When it comes to climate change，can they make a big difference? They can，because most of the things that people on islands buy are brought by ships.This is very harmful to the environment.After all，ships put out almost 3 percent of the world's carbon emissions(碳排放)．That makes climate change worse.
Pacific Islanders realize the problem.So，in 2019，six countries got together: Fiji，the Marshall Islands，Samoa，Vanuatu，the Solomon Islands，and Tuvalu.They came up with a plan.They agreed to cut carbon emissions from shipping by 40 percent by 2030.And by 2050，they expect zero?carbon shipping.
How will they pull this off？They plan to use some really cool carbon?free technologies.They'll make use of solar and wind energy.
Sea levels are rising，but hopes aren't sinking in the Pacific Islands.
( )1.What is the bad news for the Pacific Islands according to the passage?
A．Some Pacific Island countries have disappeared.
B．The sea level is going up because of climate change.
C．All the shipping to the Pacific Islands has been stopped.
D．The Pacific Islanders have nothing to do about the climate change.
( )2.The underlined word “threat” in Paragraph 4 pro?bably means “________”．词义猜测
A．risk B．step
C．project D．development
( )3.It can be inferred from the passage that ________.推理判断
A．there will never be zero carbon emissions from shipping
B．solar and wind energy will make climate change worse
C．all the Pacific Islanders may leave their homelands by 2050
D．some Pacific Island countries may have hopes to make a difference
( )4.The passage mainly talks about ________.主旨大意
A．why other countries are helping the Pacific Islanders fight climate change
B．how some countries are working hard to develop carbon?free technologies
C．how Pacific Island countries are working together to fight shipping pollution
D．why Pacific Island countries put out so much of the world's carbon emissions


题型四　阅读理解
河北五年中考命题规律及趋势
年份 体裁和话题 考查方式
2020 A应用文：四个学生分享自己的梦想工作
B记叙文：讲述Dan 因害怕失败不想参加电视说唱比赛，在朋友们的帮助下最终克服心理恐惧的故事
C应用文：介绍Rotorua Grammar School 假期俱乐部
D说明文：正是因为无数服务人员的无私奉献，我们的社会才更和谐。人与人之间相互依存，相互帮助 细节理解题(51，52，54，55，57，58，59，60，61，62)，综合归纳题(53)，推理判断题(56)，写作意图题(64)，词义猜测题(63)，标题归纳题(65)
2019 A剧本：四个青少年野餐后打扫场地的片段
B记叙文：小女孩帮助同班同学摆脱困境的故事
C应用文：学校“运动月”活动的目的和内容
D说明文：笔在人类生活中的重要作用 细节理解题(46，48，49，50，54，55，58)，推理判断题(47，51)，主旨大意题(52，53)，指代判断题(57)，词义猜测题(59)，标题归纳题(60)，写作意图题(56)
2018 A应用文：网上购物投诉及反馈
B记叙文：Edward把买书的钱捐给贫困家庭，善心比新年礼物更有价值
C应用文：甜品培训班招收学员的广告
D说明文：关于如何当一名合格的志愿者的几点建议 细节理解题(47，48，49，50，51，52，53，55，56，57，58)，词义猜测题(59)，主旨大意题(60)，数字计算题(54)，写作意图题(46)
2017 A记叙文：讲述大卫由于被锁图书馆，发现读书并不是一件糟糕事的故事
B说明文：介绍了如何制作风筒
C说明文：通过蝴蝶和Dennis的例子告诉我们挑战的作用以及我们应该如何面对挑战 细节理解题(46，47，48，50，51，52，53，56，57)，推理判断题(49，54)，词义猜测题(58)，写作意图题(55，59)，标题归纳题(60)
2016 A记叙文：讲述了一个小男孩独立做了一个汽车模型的故事
B旅游指南：美术博物馆的信息介绍
C说明文：介绍中国与西方国家宾主关系的差异 细节理解题(51，52，53，54，56，57，58，59，60，61，62)，推理判断题(63)，词义猜测题(64)，主旨大意题(55，65)
【规律总结】
1．设题多为细节理解题，兼顾推理判断题、词义猜测题、写作意图题、标题归纳题和主旨大意题等；
2．设题形式为挖空型与问答型相结合；
3．话题侧重教育、学习、职业、咨询建议和人生价值观等；
4．2018—2020年河北中考英语阅读增至4篇文章，其中2篇应用文，增强了对学生英语运用能力的考查，体现了核心素养。
【命题趋势及预测】
预测2021年阅读体裁主要为记叙文、应用文和说明文。话题贴近学生生活，考查方式主要有：细节理解、推理判断、词义猜测、主旨大意、标题归纳和写作意图等。
解题方法与技巧
阅读理解是考查学生能力的一种重要方式，主要考查学生对阅读材料的理解能力、对材料中有效信息的捕捉能力等。学生只有较快地读懂材料，抓住短文大意，获取关键信息，才能对阅读问题作出正确的判断。要高效地做好阅读理解题，必须分清类型、对症下药，还要运用一定的解题技巧，才能做好各类阅读题型。
1．阅读原文，理解大意
首先通读原文，捕捉文中所提供的信息，抓住文章大意，理清文章脉络。
2．审读题目，正确判断
读懂短文内容后再审读题目，把握每个待判定问题的含义，通过寻读法在原文中找出与每个问题相关的关键词，然后寻找该关键词在文章中所在的段落及句子，依据短文内容对试题所给出的问题及选项进行判断，得出正确答案。常见阅读理解的考查方式有以下几种形式：细节理解题、推理判断题、词义猜测题、主旨大意题、标题归纳题、写作意图题、数字计算题、指代判断题。
3．重读原文，复核检查
完成各小题后必须将短文重读一遍，加深对短文的理解，在此基础上再对每一道题进行复查，对有些似是而非的句子，一定要重新认真识别。
　细节理解(必考)
细节理解题通常是针对文章中的细节而设计的，内容涉及询问时间、地点、方式、人物、数量、行为、特征、态度、原因、结果、目的等。学生可以根据题干的关键信息，运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读文章，在文章中寻找相关语句，直接得出答案(如2020、51)。有时选项可能与文章语句有出入，则需要转换表述，核对选项的意义与文章是否一致(如2020、52)。
例　(2020河北中考节选)Anne: Ha，my dream job? An accountant(会计)! I think it's interesting.I'm good at numbers，you know，and I also like helping people manage their money.Good accountants are well paid，and I want to manage my own money，of course.But the most important of all，accountants mostly work alone，and I like to work alone. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
52.What is Anne's main reason for her dream job?
A.The job is interesting.　　　B．The job is well paid.
C.She is good at numbers. D．She likes to work by herself.
【方法点拨】根据提问，我们可以通过扫读的方式，将信息点锁定到Anne的发言中。虽然每个选项都是原因之一，但是要选的是主要的原因，文中有一处关键语句“the most important of all…”，同时原文alone可以转换为by herself，据此可选出答案D。
(2020黔西南州中考节选)One day，Tom was walking home when he suddenly noticed a young man sitting on the bridge railing(栏杆)．He was going to jump into the river to kill himself.
(A)56.What was the young man going to do?
A.To end his life.
B.To enjoy the river.
C.To practice jumping.
D.To watch Tom walking.
　推理判断(5年4考)
推理判断题是指根据阅读材料所提供的信息，推断出未知的信息。阅读时，首先要抓住文章的主题，分析文章结构，根据上下文的内在联系，挖掘文章的深层含义。其次，对于暗含在文章中的人物的行为动机，事件中的因果关系及作者未言明的倾向、意图、态度、观点等要进行合乎逻辑的推理、判断、分析。
方法一：细节推断
例　(2020河北中考节选)Dan's friends sensed something was going on his mind.They planned to give him some help.When Dan got to class the next day，he saw a sign on the wall.It said，“Dan，just rap like in our classroom！” Dan smiled.“Perhaps it's not that hard to rap on TV，” he thought. 56．What do you think happened later according to the story?
A.Dan hated his friends for their push.
B.Dan forgot what he should rap on TV.
C.Dan attended the national competition.
D.Dan stopped rapping after the competition.
【方法点拨】根据前文我们已经知道的内容，Dan 怕输不想参加比赛，再结合Dan最后的话，“或许在电视上说唱没有那么难”，可推知Dan打消了顾虑，可能会去参加比赛，故选C。
(2020江西中考节选)Because of studies like these，some countries and cities want nature to be part of people's everyday life…And South Korea(韩国) is another good example: it has new forests near its cities and around 13 million people visit these forests every year.So after building cities for so long，perhaps it's now time to start rebuilding nature.
(D)75.What can we infer from the last sentence of the passage?
A.Nature is more important than cities.
B.Country life is healthier than city life.
C.People have lived in the cities for so long.
D.Nature should be part of people's daily life.
　　方法二：情感态度性格推断(如2019、51)
方法三：文章出处推断(近5年未考)
　主旨大意(5年3考)
主旨大意题主要考查学生对阅读材料的宏观理解，既需要细节理解能力，又需要深层次的推理概括能力，难度较大。一般来说，说明文和议论文都有主题句，而且多位于文章的开头，有时也位于文章的中间或末尾。但有时不能在文中直接找到主题句，这就要求学生在把握每段的主题句，弄清段与段之间逻辑关系的基础上自己归纳总结(如2019、52)。
　标题归纳(5年3考)
标题的呈现形式通常为单词、短语或者简短的句子，位于文章之首，用来高度概括文章内容，点明文章主题。要确定文章标题，首先，标题必须与主题密切相关；其次，标题需要能概括全文内容。不能只选取阅读材料中的某些事实或细节，要注意标题范围不应太大或太小。不少文章通过首尾句便可归纳出标题(如2019、60)。但有的文章主题贯穿于文中，这就需要学生在理解全文的基础上，归纳段落中心思想，理清文章层次结构，从而提炼出文章的标题(如2017、60)。
　写作意图(5年4考)
写作意图题要求学生根据文章的论述，推测作者的写作意图及应用某种写作手法的目的。解答此类题时，首先可根据文章或段落的主旨推断作者的写作意图(如2019、56)；其次，可根据文体的特点来推断。不同体裁的文章有不同的写作意图，故事类记叙文的写作意图通常是娱乐读者或揭示某个道理；广告类应用文的写作意图是推销产品或提供服务；议论文的写作意图是阐述论点；科普类说明文的写作意图是介绍科学知识，如事物的外观、构造、性质、特点、用途等(如2017、55)。
　指代判断(5年1考)
指代判断题通常分为两类：直接指代题和间接指代题。要求学生依据语境的逻辑关系，判断单词在文章中指代的对象。
方法一：直接指代(近5年未考)
解答此类题时，我们要认真阅读该词所在句和前后邻近句的内容，分析人称转换和动作变换的详细过程，理清其来龙去脉和前后的因果关系，从而准确推断其指代的对象。
方法二：间接指代(5年1考)
英语单词的含义丰富、搭配灵活，一些熟词在不同的语境或不同的搭配中有不同的含义，而这些含义与其本义有时没有密切的联系，这就需要我们结合语境来推断其含义。有时这些单词的新义既体现了其基本含义，又有迁移与拓展，在解答时就要求我们将单词的本义和语境有机地结合起来，综合考虑，然后准确推断其在特定语境中的含义。
例　(2019河北中考节选)The invention of the wheel，the introduction of steam engine(蒸汽机)，the use of electricity，all these have changed the lives of millions of people，but the pen has done more.It has taken away mountains，and it has prepared the way for all progress and development of the society. 57．The word “mountains”in the third paragraph refers to(指代)“something to ________”．
A.explain the use of electricity
B.lower the students' scores
C.stop the social development
D.change the law of the country
【方法点拨】“mountain”在这里考查的是引申义，所以只能借助语境去推测指代的内容。根据该词出现的后半句“it has prepared the way for all progress and…”，可选出答案C。
(2020南京中考节选改编)My mom signs me up for camps and activities without asking what I want to do.I only learn what I'm doing at the last minute.I don't like that it's a surprise，and I feel that I should be able to help plan my time.How can I have more of a say?
(C)33.The underlined word “say” in the passage refers to “________”．
A.the ability to plan time
B.the chance to set up camps
C.the right to make decisions
D.the plan to enjoy activities
　词义猜测(必考)
考查“深奥难懂”的单词词义是最常见的词义猜测题的命题方式，解题过程中，有以下几种方法：
方法一：利用上下文语境猜词(2020、63；2019、59；2018、59；2017、58；2016、64)
学生在做此类题时，需重点关注该词出现的前后句句意，利用上下文提供的情景和线索，进行合乎逻辑的综合分析进而推测词义。
例　(2020河北中考节选)We have people who collect waste and rubbish and keep our community sanitary． 63．What does the underlined word “sanitary”mean?
A.Clean.　　　　B．Safe.
C.Quiet. D．Busy.
【方法点拨】根据前半句叙述对象——“收集废物和垃圾的人”，可推测出他们能保持社区干净，故选A。
(2020杭州中考节选)However，there were many dangerous accidents on the train tracks.Some train drivers thought a star shining in the night sky was a white light that meant “go”．So the signals were swapped．The “go” light was changed to green and the “take care”light was changed to white.
(B)20.What does the underlined word “swapped” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A.Designed.　　　　　　　B．Exchanged.
C.Suggested. D．Compared.
　　方法二：利用同义词、近义词、反义词猜词(近5年未考)
在单词所出现的上下文中，有时会出现与其同义或近义的词语或结构，这时学生可从熟悉的词语中推测其含义。而在对比中，对比的事物有可能是相反的，因此可以根据反义关系推测其含义。
例　(2020黔南州中考节选)“WeChat Pay is convenient and safe.We needn't tell if the money is real or fake．But paper money is just the opposite.We should encourage people to use WeChat Pay more，”said a wise man.____假的____
方法三：利用定义或解释猜词(近5年未考)
释义是对单词以定语(从句)、表语甚至用逗号、破折号等标点符号引出并加以解释说明的方式。有些文章，特别是科研报告类的文章，通常会给一些关键词下定义，学生可以利用定义来猜测这些词的意思。
例　(2020滨州中考节选)It will be also easier for doctors to treat patients remotely by 5G.It means caring for patients from far away.__远程地__
方法四：利用构词法猜词(近5年未考)
例　(2020金华中考节选改编)Today's young people seem to have become crazy multitaskers．They often use media when doing other activities.Some watch TV when doing homework，some text(发短信)，and some others listen to music.
(D)43.The underlined word “multitaskers” in Paragraph 2 means people who ________.
A．ask a lot of questions　　　　　　　　　　B．use different media for learning
C．have several mobile phones D．do several tasks at the same time
　数字计算(5年1考)
数字计算题要求对阅读材料中提到的数据进行简单的加减乘除运算，以便得出符合题目要求的数据。解答这类题目时，首先要弄清题干的要求是什么，然后找到与它相关的数字，再对它们进行分析、整合，最后计算出正确答案。
例　(2018河北中考节选)Costs：$30 each lesson.You can start at any time. 54．You will pay ________ for five lessons.
A.$30　　　　B．$60
C.$120 D．$150
【方法点拨】根据已知信息“$30 each lesson”，经过简单的乘法运算，可得出答案D。
(2020遂宁中考节选改编)We have local guides and stay in tents or tree houses.The tours will last for ten days.
Adults：￥200/day
Children under 12：￥150/day
(C)54.A 10?year?old boy wants to see wildlife animals with his parents.How much do they have to pay?
A.￥3，000.　B．￥5，000.　C．￥5，500.　D．￥3，200.
聚焦河北中考
A(21st Century改编)
Taking online classes is becoming increasingly popular，but students have different opinions about it.
Wang Qi，14：
I love taking online courses.They give me a lot more choices and freedom.We can choose to learn whatever we want.Also，online classes enable us to study whenever and wherever we want，which is very convenient.
Wu Jun，13：
I don't think taking online classes is a good way to study.There are many temptations(诱惑) on the Internet.Students can be distracted(分心的) from their courses easily.The whole learning process is not as organized as it is in the classroom.
Zhou Siya，13：
Online classrooms are helpful.We might feel more focused on learning when we are alone in front of a computer with no one to distract us.In addition，taking courses online also means we can have more time to use a computer，which is a good way to practice our computer skills.
Li Chunjie，14：
I think the idea of taking online courses is crazy.It can increase our exposure(接触) to computers and the radiation(辐射) from them could do harm to the human body，especially our eyes.Also，sitting in front of a computer for a long time without exercising can be harmful to our health.
(D)1.Wang Qi thinks that taking online courses is convenient because ________.
A．there are many courses to choose from
B．it helps improve students' computer skills
C．students can feel more focused
D．students can take them at any time and any place they like
(D)2.According to Li Chunjie，taking online courses ________.
A．can be helpful in many ways
B．causes a lot of distractions
C．will make students go crazy
D．is harmful to students' health
(B)3.What are these students discussing?
A．Suggestions for taking online courses.
B．Different opinions on taking online courses.
C．Suggestions for becoming organized learners.
D．Different ways of studying on the Internet.
B(2020新疆中考)
Beijing Opera is one of the Chinese traditional drama art forms and the largest Chinese opera form.Having a history of about 200 years，it is developed from many other drama forms，mostly from the local drama “Huiban”．It was especially popular in south China during the 18th century.
Theatrical(戏剧的) art forms in many other countries do not have singing，dancing and spoken parts together in one single drama.An opera singer，for example，neither dances nor speaks on stage; there are no singing or dancing parts in a modern play; in a dance drama，the dancer doesn't speak or sing.Traditional Chinese drama，including Beijing Opera，is a kind of entertainment.It includes spoken parts，singing and dancing.
Beijing Opera has spread to many other places.Mei Lanfang，one of the most famous performers of all，was the first to introduce Beijing Opera to foreigners and made highly successful tours to foreign countries.
“You will doubt and sometimes be a little bored，but you will be interested gradually.You will be strongly attracted to Beijing Opera，even if you know nothing about the drama background.”This is how one traveler described his first experience in watching Beijing Opera.
Beijing Opera is China's national opera and it is full of Chinese cultural traditions.Welcome to China and enjoy Beijing Opera!
(D)1.Beijing Opera is ________.
A．unpopular in north China
B．only developed from the local drama “Huiban”
C．a much larger Chinese opera form
D．a Chinese traditional drama art form
(C)2.After watching Beijing Opera for the first time，the traveler felt ________.
A．busy B．nervous
C．interested D．uneasy
(A)3.The underlined word “it” in the last paragraph means ________.代词指代
A．Beijing Opera B．local dramas
C．an opera singer D．a modern play
(C)4.According to the passage，which of the following state?ments is NOT true?
A．Beijing Opera is a kind of entertainment.
B．An opera singer neither dances nor speaks on stage usually.
C．Only old people are interested in Beijing Opera.
D．Mei Lanfang was the first one to introduce Beijing Opera to foreigners.
(B)5.The main purpose of writing the passage is to
________．写作意图
A．ask young people to learn Beijing Opera
B．tell us something about Beijing Opera
C．show why Beijing Opera is popular in Europe
D．introduce everything about foreign Opera
C(热点题)
China's Yangtze River is the world's third longest river.It is home to nearly 400 kinds of fishes.However，the Chinese paddlefish，once common in the area，is no longer a member of this ecosystem.Scientists from China said recently that the fish had disappeared.The fish likely disappeared sometime between 2005 and 2010.“It's very sad”，said Zeb Hogan，a U．S.biologist.“We've lost a special animal.There is no hope of recovery.”
The Chinese paddlefish was one of the world's largest freshwater fish.It could grow to seven meters.The fish had such a big nose that it got the nickname “elephant fish”．The Chinese paddlefish was an ancient species.It first appeared in the Jurassic(侏罗纪) period.After existing for 200 million years，the species finally disappeared.
About 25 tons of Chinese paddlefish were caught each year during the 1970s.And in 1981，the building of the Gezhouba Dam divided the paddlefish into two groups.The two groups could not mate(交配) with each other.As a result，the number of the species became even smaller.
Scientists warn that many freshwater fish species in the Yangtze River are in danger.The Chinese paddlefish was only the first to disappear.Luckily，China has taken action.In January，the country started a ten?year fishing ban(禁令) on the Yangtze River.
(C)1.Why was the Chinese paddlefish called “elephant fish”？
A．Because it was as large as an elephant.
B．Because it looked like an elephant.
C．Because it had a big nose.
D．Because it could grow to seven meters.
(C)2.The paddlefish disappeared because of ________.
A．long history B．dirty water
C．human activities D．dry weather
(B)3.We can know from the last paragraph that ______.
A．many kinds of fishes disappeared
B．China has developed laws to protect lives
C．scientists will support fishing for ten years
D．people will be able to catch other kinds of fishes
(D)4.What is the best title of the passage？标题归纳
A．China's Yangtze River
B．What does the Chinese paddlefish look like?
C．The Chinese paddlefish is in danger!
D．The Chinese paddlefish has disappeared!
D(2020台州中考)
Living on an island might sound wonderful.But what if you left for a trip and found you could never return? What if your home，and even the land it stood on，was gone forever? For people living in the Pacific Islands，this is really possible.
Why? Climate(气候) change.Climate change is causing the sea to rise.That's bad news for the Pacific Islands.Young people on the islands are even starting to wonder: Will they be the last generation(一代人)?
Not if the islanders have anything to do about it.These people are deeply connected to their homelands.The Pacific Islands are made up of 11 different countries: the Marshall Islands，Fiji，Samoa，and others.But now，those countries are working together.They're joining forces to fight climate change.
Why is climate change such a huge threat to this part of the world？Islands have low elevations(海拔)．So they are among the first places influenced by rising sea levels.That's why countries of the Pacific Islands are working together to do their part.
But these are small countries.When it comes to climate change，can they make a big difference? They can，because most of the things that people on islands buy are brought by ships.This is very harmful to the environment.After all，ships put out almost 3 percent of the world's carbon emissions(碳排放)．That makes climate change worse.
Pacific Islanders realize the problem.So，in 2019，six countries got together: Fiji，the Marshall Islands，Samoa，Vanuatu，the Solomon Islands，and Tuvalu.They came up with a plan.They agreed to cut carbon emissions from shipping by 40 percent by 2030.And by 2050，they expect zero?carbon shipping.
How will they pull this off？They plan to use some really cool carbon?free technologies.They'll make use of solar and wind energy.
Sea levels are rising，but hopes aren't sinking in the Pacific Islands.
(B)1.What is the bad news for the Pacific Islands according to the passage?
A．Some Pacific Island countries have disappeared.
B．The sea level is going up because of climate change.
C．All the shipping to the Pacific Islands has been stopped.
D．The Pacific Islanders have nothing to do about the climate change.
(A)2.The underlined word “threat” in Paragraph 4 pro?bably means “________”．词义猜测
A．risk B．step
C．project D．development
(D)3.It can be inferred from the passage that ________.推理判断
A．there will never be zero carbon emissions from shipping
B．solar and wind energy will make climate change worse
C．all the Pacific Islanders may leave their homelands by 2050
D．some Pacific Island countries may have hopes to make a difference
(C)4.The passage mainly talks about ________.主旨大意
A．why other countries are helping the Pacific Islanders fight climate change
B．how some countries are working hard to develop carbon?free technologies
C．how Pacific Island countries are working together to fight shipping pollution
D．why Pacific Island countries put out so much of the world's carbon emissions