Module 5 Great People and Great Inventions of Ancient China ( Book Ⅲ)
Learning Paper 1
一．词语回眸
平等的_______ n.________ 平等
重要；重要性___________ adj. _________重要的
教导；学说（常作复数）___________
adviser_______n.______(建议) v._______（建议）
建议某人做某事________________________
influential___________ v._________ n._________
honesty________ adj_______ 诚实的
justice_______ adj_______ 公正
contribution_______ v.__________
argument_________ v.__________
freedom_________ adj._________
order__________ put sth in order_____________
stress_________ lay stress on ______________
invent________发明家_________n发明___________
fuel ________ condition______________ love______
kindness_________ adj.___________
principle_______ position_______ resign_________ category_______
与……交战_____________ 养育，抚养______________
对……感兴趣 _____________ 为……自豪___________
总之_____________信仰；信任____________
第一次_________________
二．单词拼写
1. It is widely agreed that man is born e______.
2. Though p______ is dull and hard to understand, yet it tells us how to deal with things well.
3. He was accepted by the company and was given an important p_______ there.
4. Tom was not pleased with his boss and planned to
r_______.
5. My teacher’s______(影响)made me study science .
6.He was remembered because of the ________ (贡献)he made to the Chinese economic development.
7.Young people are encouraged to fight for ______(自由).
8. I will not change my car as it is still in good
________(状况).
9. Confucius’s _______ (teach) influenced Chinese society for generations.
10. One of the most important Chinese ______ (invent) was paper.
11．China’s ________(contribute) to science has been enormous.
12. Mencius believed in ______ (kind) and duty.
13. He held the ______ (believe) that all people are equal.
14. ______ (honest) is an important human quality.
15. The first book was_____ (print) in Europe in 1454.
三．Translation
1. Ancient China was a place where states were often at war with each other.
2. He was brought up by his mother. bring sb. up______________
3. In conclusion, I think that cars are very useful because travel is so easy with a car.
4. He is a man of who China can be proud (of him).
be proud of________________
5. All three teachers believed in the importance of kindness and good government.
6.孟子是一位思想家，他的理论同孔子的理论很相似。（be similar to）
7. 但是，当他看到统治者不采纳他的忠告的时候，他辞去了官职。
（ follow one’s advice）
8. 己所不欲，勿施于人。
四．课文译文
古代中国的哲学家
古代中国是一个诸侯国之间经常发生战争的地方；但那也是一个产生众多哲学家的时期。孔子（551BC—479BC）是其中影响最大的。他强调仁爱、责任和社会秩序的重要性。中国社会受这些思想的影响达两千多年之久。
孟子是一位思想家，他的理论和学说跟孔子的极为相似。孟子出生于公元前372年。在孟子很小的时候，他父亲就去世了，他是由母亲抚养长大成人的。他成了孔子思想的学者，后来还一度被当时一个国家的政府授以要职；然而，当他发现统治者并不听从他的忠告的时候，他就辞职了。曾经有很多年，他走遍了一个又一个的国家，向孔子的信徒们传授孔子的学说。而后，他成了另一个统治者的顾问。他晚年整理了有关他的学说的一本书，这本书就是《孟子》。孟子相信：人之所以不同于其他动物，就在于人的本性是善的。他认为：如果统治者善待人民，人民就会抱之以善。他还认为人民比统治者更重要（民贵君轻），并憎恨统治者虐待人民。
墨子是另一位极具影响力的先哲。墨子于公元前476年出生于一个非常贫穷的家庭。他因着装奇异而闻名于世。墨子建立了被后世成为“墨家思想”的哲学。在某些方面，他的信仰和孔子的信仰相似。例如：他认为政府的统治是最重要的，于是，他花费了多年的时间以寻找一个人民愿意信奉他的学说的国家。墨子认为所有的人都是平等的。他的“爱”的理念不同于孔子的“仁爱”
的思想。墨子教导我们要爱全人类，要关爱弱势群体。他憎恨战争。墨子死于公元前390年。
工业革命
十九世纪下半叶，欧洲发生了一场重要的社会变革；这场变革被成为“工业革命”。在此之前，欧洲一直处于农业社会。随着工业革命的来临，工厂出现了，从而使大规模的生产首次成为可能。工厂都是建在城镇里，因而，城镇的人口大幅度增长。
这些变革的发生之所以成为可能，是因为当时已经有了像蒸汽机这一类的发明。蒸汽机是詹姆斯·瓦特于1769年发明的，是工业革命期间主要的动力来源。起初，蒸汽机只用于矿井，但很快就在工厂和铁路运输中使用了。
工业革命期间，工厂主变的比农场主更有势力。成千上万的人离开乡村到城市工作。工厂工人的生活和居住条件常常很差。从1830年到二十世纪初，工业革命传遍了整个欧洲、美国和诸如日本之类的其他国家。Module 5 Great People and Great Inventions of Ancient China
Learning paper 2 Intensive reading
Philosophers of Ancient China
Learning aim: to learn the text and get a general idea of the people
Importance and difficulty: the philosophy of the ancient philosophers and the important sentences.
Ⅰ.Revise new words.
Ⅱ. Fill the blanks with the proper form of words
In ancient china, private teachers traveled from state to s______ explaining their p_________. Confucius was the most important of the ancient Chinese p_________. Confucius’s t__________ influenced the society for more than 2000 years. Other important t_________ included Mencius and Mozi. All three teachers believed in the i__________ of kindness and good government. Mencius’s ideas were very similar to those of Confucius, but some of Mozi’s t _________ were very different. For example, he hated the idea of w_______ and believed that strong people should l_______ _______ weaker people.
Ⅲ. Read the first paragraph and do the following exercises.
Ancient China was a place _________ states were often ______ ______ with each other.
Translate:
It was also a time ________ there are many great philosophers.
Which sentence has the same meaning as the following one
Confucius is more influential than any other philosopher of ancient China.
What did Confucius stress
5. The Chinese people _______ for over 2000 years.
A. followed Confucius teachings B. influenced Confucius
Ⅳ. Read paragraph 2 and do the following exercises.
Mencius was a thinker _______ _______ were very similar to those of Confucius.
Translating:
Mencius believed that the reason ______ man is different from animals is ______ man is good.
Translate:
Put the sentences in order of time.
His father died when he was young.
He was given an important position in the government of a state.
When he saw that the rulers were not following his advice, he resigned.
He became an adviser to another ruler.
He was born in 372BC.
He was brought up by his mother.
He traveled from state to state teaching the principles of Confucius.
He spent his last years preparing a book of his teachings called The Book of Mencius.
When would people be good, in Mencius’s opinion
Who did Mencius think more important, people or rulers
Ⅴ. Read paragraph 3 and do the following exercises.
Mozi was another teacher ______ was very influential.
mozi came from a family _______ was very poor.
What did Mozi become famous for
4. Which sentence can be replaced by the following one
The beliefs of Mozi have something in common with those of Confucius.
5. As a result, he spent many years trying to find a state ________ people would follow his teachings.
Translate:
Mozi’s idea of love was the same as the Confucian idea of kindness. (True/False)
Ⅵ. Read again and decide whose ideas the following belong to.
We should love all human beings.
Man is born good.
People are important than rulers.
Treat others in the way you want to be treated.
All human beings are equal.
Ⅶ. Discussion
1. Which idea mentioned above do you agree most and why
2. Who is more important among the three philosophers How do you know
Ⅷ. Appreciate great sayings from Analects
The Master said, He who by reanimating the Old can gain knowledge of the New is fit to be a teacher.
子曰：“温故而知新，可以为师矣。”
The Master said, ‘ He who learns but doesn’t think, is lost’ He who thinks but does not learn is in great danger.
子曰：“学而不思则罔，思而不学则殆.”
The Master said, When you know a thing, to recognize that you know it, and when you do not know a thing, to recognize that you do not know it. That is knowledge.
子曰：“知之为知之，不知为不知，是知也。”
The Master said, In the morning, hear the Way; in the evening, die content!
子曰：“朝闻道，夕死可矣。”
5．The Master said, To prefer it is better than only to know it. To delight in it is better than merely to prefer it.
子曰：“知之者不如好知者，好知者不如乐知者。”
equal importance look after philosopher philosophy ruler state teachings thinker treat war
