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2.muddy adj.泥泞的;泥土般的→mud n.泥巴,泥土
4.relevant adj.有关的;切题的
5.remote adj.遥远的;偏僻的
13.voluntary adj.自愿的;志愿的;无偿的→volunteer n. & vi.自愿者,志愿者,自愿做……
17.political adj.政治的;政党的→politics n.政治
1.relevant adj. 有关的;切题的
relevance n. 关联,贴切,中肯
irrelevant adj. 无关的;不切题的
be relevant to 与……有关
a relevant suggestion/question/point 相关的提议/问
题/观点
[即学即练1](1)These theories ______ directly ____________ the practice.
这些理论与实践是有直接关系的。
(2)Do you have the ______________ experience
你有相关的经验吗?
Are relevant to //relevant
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16.optional adj.可选择的;随意的
18.abundant adj.丰富的;充裕的→abundance n.丰富
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1.distinct adj.清晰的;明显的;明确的→distinction n.差别;区分;卓著
13.apparent adj.显而易见的;显然的;表面上的→apparently adv.明显地
16.nowhere adv.无处;到处都无
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3.straightforward adj.简单的;直接的;坦率的
16.vain adj.虚荣的;自负的;徒劳的
13.be bound to 一定;注定
bound v. 跳跃;限制;形成……的界线
n. 跳跃;界线,范围
adj. 必然的,一定的;准备到……去的
be bound to sth. 被束缚于某物;被绑在某物上
be bound to do sth. 一定会、有义务去做某事
be bound (for...) 准备(去……)
be bound up in 热心于,忙于
be bound up with 与……有密切关系
I'll be bound... 我确信……
[即学即练13](1)It‘s __________________ sunny again tomorrow.明天肯定又是阳光灿烂。
(2)We _________________ obey the law.
我们有义务遵守法律。
bound to be //are bound to
(3)The plane __________________ New York.
这架飞机是飞往纽约的。
(4)He's too _________________ his work to have much time for his children.
他工作太忙,没有时间多陪孩子们。
is bound for//bound up in
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2.merciful adj.宽大的;仁慈的;慈悲的→mercy n.宽大;仁慈
4.abrupt adj.突然的;意外的→abruptly adv.突然地,唐突地
5.convenient adj.便利的,方便的,就近的→convenience n.方便,便利→conveniently adv.便利地,方便地
7.passive adj.被动的;消极的;被动语态的
10.freezing adj.冰冻的;严寒的→freeze v.冰冻
11.innocent adj.清白的;无罪的;天真的→innocence n.天真,清白
15.stable adj.稳固的;稳定的;安定的
17.practical adj.实际的;实践的;实用的
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5.brilliant adj.光辉灿烂的;杰出的;才华横溢的
12.superior adj.优秀的;较高的,上级的 n.上级;长官
14.antique adj.古时的;(因古老、稀少而)珍贵的 n.文物;古董;古玩
15.shabby adj.破旧的;寒酸的
17.horrible adj.可怕的;恐怖的→horror n.恐怖
18.disgusting adj.使人反感的;令人厌恶的→disgust vt.厌恶,反感
7.superior adj. 优秀的;优等的;较高的;上级的
n. 上级,长官
be superior to sb./sth.
在品质、级别、重要性上更好或更高
be inferior to 低于
be senior to 比……年长(资深)
be junior to 比……年轻(资浅)
[即学即练7](1)Show respect for ________________.
对我们的上级要尊敬。
(2)His knowledge of French literature __________________ mine.他在法国文学方面比我强。
our superiors //is superior to
(3)They __________________ number ______ us.
他们在数量上超过我们。
are superior in to
提示:以上这些词表达比较含义,常与 to连用,而不与 than连用。
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7.messy adj.凌乱的;脏的→mess n.凌乱,脏
13.somehow adv.以……方式;不知怎么地
18.dizzy adj.晕眩的;昏乱的;使人发晕或困惑的
4.somehow adv. 用某种方法,不知怎么地,不知为什么
somehow adv. 在句中做状语修饰动词,位置比较灵活
somewhat 稍微,有点
anyhow 无论如何
anyway 无论如何;不管怎样;用任何方式
[即学即练4](1)___________ he was afraid of her.
不知为什么,他怕她。
(2)Don’t worry, we’ll get the money back ____________.
别担心,我们总会把那些钱拿回来的。
Somehow//somehow
(3)I was ______________ surprised.
我有点儿吃惊。
(4)It may rain, but we shall go ____________.
可能要下雨,不过我们照走不误。
Somewhat//anywayX6U3
5.due adj.欠款的;预定的;到期的
6.addicted adj.入了迷的;上了瘾的→addict n.有瘾的人→addiction n.沉溺;嗜好
8.automatic adj.无意识的;自动的→_automatically adv.无意识地;自动地
9.mental adj.精神的;智力的→mentally adv.精神上;智力上
13.desperate adj.绝望的;拼命的
14.disappointed adj.失望的;沮丧的→disappointing adj.令人失望的→disappoint vt.使失望;使扫兴→disappointment n.失望
15.ashamed adj.感到惭愧或羞耻的→shame n.羞愧→shameful adj.可耻的→shameless adj.无耻的,厚颜的
17.embarrassed adj.尴尬的;陷入困境的→embarrass v.(使)尴尬→embarrassment尴尬
18.awkward adj.局促不定的;笨拙的
3.due adj. 预期发生的,预期到达的,应付的,到期的
be due to do sth. 预期做某事
be due to sth./doing sth./sb. 归因于某事/归因于
做某事/欠某人……
be due for sth. 应有;应得到
[即学即练3](1)One‘s success ______ largely ______ ______ his efforts.
一个人的成功在很大程度上是由于他的努力。
(2)The book ______ ______ ______ be published in October.这本书预定十月出版。
(3)Have they been paid the money ______ ______ ______?
他们是否已得到了应得的钱?
Is due to//is due to//due to
提示:(1)due 当“预定的;预期的”讲时,构成 be due to 短语,其中 to为不定式符号,后接动词原形。
(2)due 当“应得的;应付的”讲时,构成 be due to sb.短语,其中 to为介词,后接名词或动名词。
(3)due to 当“因为;由于”讲时,to为介词,与其意义相同的短语为:
because of 因为
owing to 由于,因为
on account of 由于……
as a result of 由于……
thanks to 多亏,幸亏
as a consequence of 由于……
①Owing to his poor health, his visit to Japan was put off. 由于身体不好,他去日本的访问被推迟了。
②He was sent to a nursing home on account of age.
他因年迈而被送进了福利院。
③Thanks to a good teacher, he passed the test.
多亏了一位好老师,他考试及格了
7.ashamed adj. 感到惭愧羞耻的(表语形容词)
shame n. 羞耻;惭愧;遗憾的事
shameful adj. 可耻的,不体面的
be ashamed of (doing) sth. 因(做了)某事而感到羞愧
be ashamed to do sth. 耻于……的;因难为情而不愿做某事
feel ashamed for sb. 替某人感到羞愧……
be ashamed that... 感到羞愧的是……
[即学即练7](1)She ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ in the examination.
她因考试不及格而感到羞愧。
(2)She ______ ______ ______ ______ anyone that she had fallen in love with him.
她羞于告诉任何人自己爱上了他。
(3)He ______ ___________ ______ his shameful conduct.
他为自己可耻的行为感到羞愧。
Was ashamed of having failed//was ashamed to tell//is ashamed of
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11.steady adj.平稳的;持续的;稳固的→steadily adv.平稳地;持续地
12.widespread adj.分布广的;普遍的
13.average adj.平均的
2. average/common/ordinary/usual/general/normal
(1)average“普通的;平常的;一般的”,强调事物处于平均水平。
(2)common“普通的”,强调常见的,大家都有的;也可解释为“共同的,共有的”。
(3)ordinary“平常的,普通的”,强调没有任何特别之处。
(4)usual“通常的”,一般指和过去一贯的,一样的。
(5)general一般的,大体的
(6)normal正常的
[应用2] (1)It is very _________ for him to get up so early.
他早起是很自然的事情。
(2)I plan to meet you at the ______ place.
我计划和你在老地方碰面。
(3)Skim the passage and tell the _______ idea of it.
浏览全文,说出大意。
Normal//usual//general
(4)It was an _________ piece of work.
那是一件普通的产品。
(5)Flu is a ______ disease.
流行感冒是常见病。
(6)It was an _________ lunch of soup and rice.
这是一顿由汤和米饭组成的普通午餐。
Average//common//ordinary
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3.alongside adv.在旁边;沿着边 prep.在……旁边;沿着……的边
7.absolute adj.绝对的;完全的→absolutely adv.绝对地
10.actual adj.实在的;实际的→actually adv.实际地
12.anxious adj.忧虑的;不安的→anxiously adv.不安地→anxiety n.担心;焦虑;渴望
14.diverse adj.多种多样的;不同的→diversity n.多种多样;多样性
3.anxious adj. 令人担心的,忧虑的,焦急的
anxiety n. 焦虑;担心;渴望
be anxious about 为某事忧虑、担心
be anxious for 渴望某事
be anxious to do 渴望……,急于……
be anxious (for sb.) to do... 渴望(某人)做……
be anxious that 渴望……
[即学即练3](1)Helen ______ ________ ______ travelling on her own.
海伦对自己一个人出门旅行感到担心。
(2)Peggy ______ ________ ______ ______ that she can cope with extra responsibility.
佩吉急切地想表明她能承担额外的职责。
(3)Mary has ______ ________ ______ your return.
玛丽急切地盼你回来。
Is anxious about//is anxious to show//been anxious for
辨析:anxious/eager
(1)anxious 强调“担心”或“焦虑”,对结果感到不安。
(2)eager 强调“对成功的期望”或“进取的热情”,含有积极向上的意思。
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3.suitable adj.适合的;适宜的→suit v.适合;使适宜
4.beneficial adj.有益的;受益的→benefit v. & n.利益
5.clumsy adj.笨拙的
14.adequate adj.足够的,充分的
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5.overweight adj.超重的;体重超常的
6.elegant adj.优雅的;高雅的;讲究的
8.absurd adj.荒谬的;可笑的
13.grand adj.大的;豪华的;雄伟的
15.junior adj.较年幼的;资历较浅的;地位较低的n.年少者;晚辈;等级较低者→senior n. & adj.(反义词)
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1.annual adj.每年的;按年度计算的n.年刊;年鉴→annually adv.每年地;年度地→anniversary n.周年纪念
14.aware adj.意识到的;知道的→awareness n.意识
15.neat adj.(口)好的;整齐的;匀称的
17.Antarctic adj.南极的
18.awesome adj.使人敬畏的;令人畏惧的→awe n. & vt.敬畏;使畏惧;满心敬畏→awful adj.可怕的,吓人的,极度的,很糟的→awfully adv.极度地,十分地
6.aware adj. 意识到的;知道的
awareness n. 知道;认识;意识;兴趣
be/become aware of sth. 意识到某事(aware 通常做表语)
be/become aware that... 意识到……
as far as I'm aware 据我所知
make sb. aware of/that... 让某人知道……
[即学即练6](1)I don‘t think people ______ really _________ just how much it costs.
我认为人们并不真正明白这要花多少钱。
(2)Everyone present at the meeting should ______________ the risks involved.
该让出席会议的每个人都知道所涉及的风险。
Are aware of//be made aware of
(3)She suddenly __________________ people looking at her.她突然注意到人们在看她。
(4)____________________________________, nobody has done anything about it.
据我所知,尚无人对此采取任何措施。
became aware of//As far as I am aware
2. aware/conscious
二者都可表示“意识到的”,都可用于be aware/conscious of结构。但aware指感官上的知觉,而conscious指内心所意识到的感觉。
[应用2] (1)I suddenly felt ______ of somebody watching me.我突然觉得有人盯着我看。
(2)He became acutely _____________ of having failed his parents.
他深深感到自己辜负了父母的期望。
Aware//consciousB3unit5
4.eastward adv. & adj.向东;向东的;朝东的→westward adv. & adj.(反义词)向西,向西的;朝西的
10.slight adj.轻微的;微小的→slightly adv.稍微;轻微地
13.wealthy adj. & n.富有的;富人;有钱人→wealth n.财富
15.broad adj.宽阔的;广泛的
16.nearby adv.在附近 adj.附近的;邻近的
B4uint1
10.worthwhile adj.值得的;值得做的
1. worth/worthy/worthwhile
(1)worth只做表语,表示“值……钱,值得干……”,后跟名词或动名词,不跟不定式。worth常用well修饰,不用very。The book is well worth reading.这书值得一读。
(2)worthy 意为“值得的”,除在书面语体中用做定语外,一般用做表语。be worthy 后常接 “of+名词/动名词(被动式)”、不定式。
The place is worthy to be visited/of being visited.
这地方值得一游。
(3)worthwhile 的常用句式为 It is worthwhile to do sth./doing sth., it是形式主语,to do/doing 做真正主语,即:做某事是值得的。
It is worthwhile visiting/to visit the place.
参观那地方还是很值得的。
[应用1] 用worth, worthy和worthwhile填空
(1)Her achievements are ______ of the highest praise.
她的成就值得高度的赞扬。
(2)Hangzhou is a beautiful place; it is ___________ going/to go there.
杭州是个美丽的地方,值得一去。
(3)The problem is __________ to be considered.
这个问题值得考虑。
Worthy//worthwhile//worthy
(4)The new bike is ______ 350 Yuan.
这辆新自行车值350元。
(5)He is a teacher ______ of great respect.
他是位受尊敬的老师。
(6)It is ___________ to ask him to join the club.
值得邀请他加入俱乐部。
(7)The picture is ______ taking good care of.
这幅画值得好好保存。
Worth//worthy//worthwhile//worth
(8)The scheme is well ______ a try.
这个计划很值得一试。
worth
B4u2
14.chemical adj.化学的;关于化学的→chemistry n.化学→chemist n.化学家;药剂师
7.therefore adv.因此;所以;因而
11.be satisfied with 对……感到满意
be satisfied that... 满意……
be satisfied to do 乐意干……
satisfy vt.满意;使满意
satisfied adj. 感到满意的
satisfying adj. 令人满意的
satisfactory adj. 令人满意的
satisfaction n. 满意,满足
[即学即练11](1)I __________________ the result.
我对那个结果很满意。
(2)My parents try to __________________.
我父母尽量满足我的需求。
(3)There was __________________ on his face.
他脸上露出了满意的微笑。
(4)________________________,my boss agreed to my suggestion.
很使我满意的是,老板同意了我的建议。
was satisfied with//satisfy my needs//a satisfied look//Much to my satisfaction
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2.content adj.满足的;满意的 n.满足 vt.使满足
5.fortunate adj.幸运的;吉利的→fortune n.运气,财富→fortunately adv.幸运地
6.ordinary adj.平常的;普通的
12.outstanding adj.突出的;杰出的;显著的
14.particular adj. & n.特殊的,特别的;细节;细目→particularly adv.特别地,挑剔地
7.particular adj. 特殊的,特别的,挑剔的 n. 细节,细目
be particular to 是……特有的
be particular about/over sth. 对……讲究,挑剔
in particular 尤其,特别,格外
[即学即练7](1)The coconut __________________ the tropics.椰子是热带地区特有的。
(2)She __________________ her clothes.
她对衣着很讲究。
(3)She loves the song ____________, because her mother used to sing it.
她特别喜爱这首歌,因为她妈妈过去经常唱。
is particular to//is particular about//in particular
10.badly off 穷的;缺少的
be badly off 拮据,贫穷
be badly off for sth. 某物短缺,不够
=be short of/lack of
be well off 有钱的,富裕的
be well off for sth.某方面是充裕的
[即学即练10](1)I have got a big room so I‘m not too
____________.
我有一间蛮大的屋子,所以住得还不坏。
(2)His family is not ____________.
他家境不太富裕。
(3)We _______________ for storage space in the new offices.我们的新办公室里有很多贮藏东西的地方。
(4)She ______________ for friends.
她缺少朋友。
badly off//well off//were well off//is badly off
(5)I went to his home and found his living conditions were ____________ than mine.
我去他家一看,发现他的生活状况比我的更差。
worse off
1.direct/directly
(1)direct 用于具体意义,指“中途不停地,径直地”。
(2)directly 多用于抽象意义,表示“直接地”,还有“立即,马上”等意思。directly 还可用做连词引导时间状语从句,相当于 as soon as。
[应用1] 用 direct和directly 填空
(1)___________ he came in, everyone was quiet.
(2)He went ______ to the airport.
(3)The measure affects me __________.
Directly//direct//directly
2. especially/specially/particularly
(1)especially 强调程度,意为“特别,尤其”。
(2)specially 强调目的,多指为某一特定目的而专门做某事。
(3)particularly 表“特别地,尤其地”,可以与 especially 互换,但 particularly 还可作“详细地,细致地”讲。
[应用2] 用 especially, specially, particularly 填空
(1)The doctor told the patient ___________ not to drink.
(2)I like the country, ____________________in spring.
(3)Please describe the event fully and ______________.
specially//especially/particularly//particularly
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6.curious adj.好奇的→curiosity n.好奇心
9.major adj.主要的
12.spoken adj.口语的→unspoken adj.非口语的;未说出口的
14.truly adv.真实地;真诚地;真正地
15.false adj.错误的;假的
17.subjective adj.主观的→subject n.主题;对象
2.curious adj.好奇的,爱探究的,奇怪的,难以理解的
curiously adv. 好奇地,奇怪地
curiosity n. 好奇心;古玩
be curious about 对……感到好奇
be curious to do sth. 渴望做……
from/out of curiosity 出于好奇
meet/satisfy one‘s curiosity 满足某人的好奇心
with curiosity=curiously 好奇地
[即学即练2](1)The child ______ very ____________ the origin of mankind.
这个孩子对人类的起源很感兴趣。
(2)I'm __________________ what he said.
我极想知道他说了什么。
(3)__________________ he left without saying goodbye.
真奇怪,他不辞而别了。
Is curious about//curious to know//It’s curious that
3. likely/probable/possible
(1)likely 强调表面上看来有可能,与 probable 意思接近,有时可以互换,但 likely 常暗示从表面迹象来判断。常用句型:
①Sth./Sb. be likely to do...
②It is likely that...
(2)probable 表示有几分根据的推测,比 possible 表示的可能性大。换句话说,probable的“有可能”,是指有实际的依据或逻辑上合乎情理。
常用句型:It is probable that...
(3)possible 表示客观上潜在的可能性,也许实际发生的可能性并不大。
常用句型:①It is possible (for sb.) to do sth.
②It is possible that...
③sth. is possible
④as quickly/much/soon...as possible
[应用3] (1)It is _________ that it will rain, but with such a blue sky it doesn’t seem ___________.
(2)The weather is ______ to be fine.
(3)It is _________ for us to get from Beijing to Tianjin in less than an hour.
Possible//probable//likely//possible
3.various adj.不同的;各种各样的→variety n.变化,多样性
9.unique adj.独一无二的;仅有的
1.various adj. 不同的,各种各样的
variety n. 变化,多样性,种类
vary vt.&vi. 使不同,变化
a variety of
varieties of...
all sorts of/all types of各种各样的
[即学即练1](1)There are _________ colours to choose from.
有各种各样的颜色可供选择。
(2)That sort of thing ____________ person ______ person.
那种事因人而异。
(3)Teachers should __________________ to make them more interesting.
为了增加趣味,教师应该使自己的课多样化。
Various//varies from to//vary their lessons
(4)There are ____________ cloth in the store.
这个店里有各种各样的布。
(5)______________ marine creatures live in the ocean.
海洋中生活着各种各样的海洋生物。
varieties of//A variety of
1. close/closely
(1)close 作副词用时,意为“在附近;靠近地”,多用来修饰由介词引导的短语,表示具体概念。
(2)closely 为副词,意为“密切地”,多用来修饰动词或过去分词,表示抽象意义。
[应用1] (1)Three men were standing very ______ in the corner.三个人紧挨着站在角落里。
(2)The problem is ______ connected with that one.
这个问题与那个问题有密切的联系。
Close//closely
2. be famous for/be famous as/be famous to
(1)be famous/known for 因……而出名
(2)be famous/known as 作为……而出名
(3)be famous/known to 对于……来说出名
[应用2] 用 for, as, to 填空
New York is famous ______ the world ______ its skyscrapers ______ a developed city.
To for as
B5u2
6.rough adj.粗糙的;粗暴的
11.furnished adj.配备好装备的;带家具的→furnish vt.用家具布置→furniture n.家具
B5U3
2.constant adj.时常发生的;连续不断的→constantly adv.不断地
3.previous adj.在前的;早先的
16.greedy adj.贪吃的;贪婪的;贪心的
2.previous adj.以前的;早先的
previous to...在……前;先于……(to为介词)
previously adv.先前地;以前地
[即学即练2](1)No ____________ experience is necessary for this job.这一工作无需相关的经验。
(2)____________ this, she’d always been ill.
这以前,她身体一向不好。
(3)The world record was _____________ held by a Spanish athlete.这项世界纪录以前是由一位西班牙运动员保持的。
previous//Previous to//previously
1.constant/continual/continuous
(1)constant adj.不断的,经常的,强调始终如一地经常出现。
(2)continual adj.连续不断的;频繁的,表示时断时续的发生。
(3)continuous adj.不停的,连续不断的,强调中间不停顿。
[应用1] (1)the _________ wash of the tides潮水不停的拍击
(2)They have had a 3 days ____________ flight.他们已经有了一个连续三天的飞行。
(3)Air is in _____________ motion.空气在不停地运动。
continual//continuous//constant
B5U4
2.delighted adj.快乐的;欣喜的→delight n.快乐
3.admirable adj.值得赞扬的;令人钦佩的→admire vt.钦佩
6.eager adj.渴望的;热切的
11.meanwhile adv.其间;同时
15.technical adj.技术(上)的;技巧方面的
16.gifted adj.有天赋的
17.accurate adj.精确的;正确的
B5U5
2.temporary adj.暂时的;临时的
8.mild adj.轻微的;温和的;温柔的→mildly adv.轻微地;温和地
13.tight adj.牢的;紧的;紧密的→tightly adv.紧地
14.firm adj.(动作)稳定有力的;坚定的→firmly adv.坚固地;稳定地
X6U1
1.abstract adj.抽象的;深奥的 n.摘要
4.typical adj.典型的;有代表性的
10.specific adj.确切的;特定的
15.visual adj.视觉的;看得见的→invisual adj.看不见的
16.contemporary adj.当代的;同时代的
X6U2
2.concrete adj.具体的
3.contradictory adj.引起矛盾的;好反驳的
4.flexible adj.灵活的;可弯曲的;柔顺的
8.eventually adv.最后;终于
11.appropriate adj.适当的;正当的
3.appropriate adj. 适当的,正当的 v. 挪用,拨出(款项)
appropriation n. 盗用,挪用,专款
be appropriate to/for 适于,合乎
appropriate sth. for sth. 为某物拨专款
[即学即练3](1)Jeans are not ____________ ______ a formal party.
正式聚会上穿牛仔裤不合适。
(2)He was accused of _____________ club funds.
他被指控盗用俱乐部资金。
(3)Five million dollars has ______ ____________ ______ research into the disease.
已拨款五百万美元用于这种疾病的研究。
Appropriate for//appropriating//been appropriated for
2. appropriate/fit/suitable/proper
四个词都含有“适合”的意思。
(1)appropriate指适合于特殊的人、场合、地位等,强调自然具备适宜的性质。
(2)fit意为某人或某物在目的上、用途上适合。
(3)suitable意味着适合某种情况。
(4)proper含有生来就具备适宜性质的含义,还表示某物具有它应当具备的性质。
[应用2] (1)This is a ______ tool for the job.
这是一件适合那项工作的工具。
(2)The house is not really ___________ for a large family.
这所房子确实不适合大家庭居住。
(3)His casual clothes were not ___________ for such a formal occasion.他的便服不适宜在这样正式的场合穿。
(4)He is ______ for the job.他能胜任这项工作。
Proper//suitable//appropriate//fit
3. eventually/finally/at last/in the end
这四个词或短语均在句中做状语,含“最后,最终”之意,区别如下:
(1)eventually通常指由某一必然原因导致的“最终的结果”。
(2)finally指经过一段时间的等待才出现结果,主要位于动词前面,有时用于列举中的最后一项。
(3)at last表明说话者主观的语气很强烈,指经过一段时间的期待好不容易才出现的结果,暗示心里一阵“轻松”。通常位于句首或句末。
(4)in the end最后,最终。语气稍弱,指经过种种变化、困难和捉摸不定的情况之后某事才发生。
[应用3] (1)______ ______ an agreement was reached between the two parties.
双方最终达成了协议。
(2)She failed so many times that ______ ______ ______ she gave up hope.
她多次失败,以至于最终放弃了希望。
(3)He worked so hard that __________ he made himself ill.
他工作太卖力,最后病倒了。
At last//in the end//eventually
(4)We need to increase productivity; we need to cut down the cost, and ______ we need to make our goods competitive on world markets.
我们需要提高生产率,我们需要降低成本;最后,我们还需要提高我们的商品在国际上的竞争力。
finallyB2Unit2
1.ancient adj.古代的;古老的
3.magical adj.巫术的;魔术的;有魔力的→magic adj.魔术的;不可思议的;n.魔法,魔术→magician n.魔术师
5.regular adj.规则的;定期的;常规的→regulation n.规则,制度→regulate v.规定,管制,整顿
13.physical adj.物理的;身体的→physics n.物理→physicist n.物理学家→physician n.内科医生
15.hopeless adj.没有希望的;绝望的→hope v. & n.希望→hopeful adj.充满希望的
8.as well 也;又;还
(1)as well 相当于too和 also,用于肯定句中,表示“也,又,而且”,用于句尾。
(2)may/might as well 表示委婉的建议,一般是针对当时的情况提出另外的提议。意思是“我们不妨……,我们还是……吧”。
(3)as well as用做连词,连接两个相当的成分,如名词、形容词、介词、动词等,通常不位于句首。此时 as well as强调的重点在前面,不在后面。连接两个主语时,谓语动词的数与前一个主语保持一致。
(4)as well as做介词,相当于 besides, in addition to,意为“除……之外”,后接名词、代词、动名词。
(5)as well as表示比较,意为“和……一样好”。
[即学即练8](1)I'm going to London and my sister's going ____________.我要去伦敦,我的妹妹也要去。
(2)If you're going to the library, I __________________ go with you; I have to return this book.
如果你去图书馆,我不妨和你一起去,我得去还这本书。
(3)He was kind __________________ sensible.
他厚道又明白事理。
as well//might as well//as well as
(4)He __________________ his wife was invited to the party.他和他妻子都被邀请参加那个聚会了。
(5)__________________ breaking his leg, he hurt his arm.他除了摔断腿之外,还伤到了胳膊。
(6)The daughter cooks __________________ her mother does.女儿烧菜烧得跟她母亲一样好。
as well as//As well as//as well as
提示:(1)和as well as的用法一样,连接主语时,谓语动词和前面的主语保持一致的词或短语还有:with, along with, together with, but, besides, rather than等。如:
Mr Brown together with his wife and three children has been in China for three years.
布朗先生跟他的妻子和三个孩子已经来中国三年了。
(2)not only...but also...可连接各种结构,包括句子,但强调的重点在后面,连接主语时,谓语动词的数与后面的主语一致。如:
Not only he but also we are fond of the song.
不仅是他,我们也喜欢这首歌。
3. as well/too/also/either
这几个词都表示“也”,但用法不同:
(1)as well用于肯定句,置于句末。
(2)also比较正式,位置通常在主要动词前面或系动词be后面,不放在句末。
(3)too多用于口语,位置通常在句末,前面常有逗号;也可以在句中,前后都有逗号。
(4)as well, too, also这三个词都不用于否定句,否定句中用either。
[应用3] (1)It won’t do them any good, but it won’t do them any harm _________________.
(2)I surfed the Internet last night. He did, ______.
(3)This pen will do ___________.
(4)He ______ enjoys playing table tennis in his spare time.
Either//too//as well//also
B2U3
2.universal adj.普遍的;通用的;宇宙的→universe n.宇宙→universally adv.普遍地
9.personal adj.私人的;个人的;亲自的→personally adv.亲自地
12.anyhow adv.无论如何;即使如此
17.electronic adj.电子的
1.total adj. 总的;全部的;整个的 n.总数;合计
v.总数为;合计为
totally adv. 完全地;整个地
in total 总共;总计(=totally)
a total of 总数;总共(修饰名词复数时,谓语动词用复数)
the total of...(谓语动词用单数)
total up = add up算出总数
total (up) to=add up to总额为
[即学即练1]—What is ________________________ these books?这些书的全部费用是多少?
—It cost me __________________ of 500 yuan.
___________, it cost me 500 yuan.
The cost ________________ 500 yuan.
这些书总共花了我500元。
the total cost of//a total of//In total//totalled up to
2.anyhow/anyway adv.
(1)“无论如何,不管怎样;总之;尽管如此”。在作此意讲时,anyway和 anyhow一样,都用做让步状语,一般置于句中(其前常有连词 but)或句末。
(2)“况且,更何况,再说,至少”。作此意讲时,两者都可用来做状语,对前面的话做补充,给出一个令人信服的理由,此时 anyhow常出现在句首或最后的分句之首,而不出现在句末。
(3)“粗心地,随意地”,作此意讲时,只能用 anyhow。
[即学即练2]写出下列句中anyhow的意思。
(1)It may rain, but we shall go anyhow.______________
(2)Anyhow, you can try, even if there's not much chance of success.___________________________
(3)The work was done all anyhow._________________
无论如何//至少//粗心地
拓展:somehow adv. 由于某种未知的原因;不知怎么的;以某种方式;用某种方法;从某种角度。如:
Somehow he was afraid of her. 不知怎的,他怕她。
B5Unit4
6.certain adj.确定的;无疑的;某种
8.powerful adj.强大的;有力的→powerfully adv.有力地→power v.给……提供动力
16.fierce adj.凶猛的;猛烈的→fiercely adv.猛烈地→fierceness n.猛烈
2.certain adj. 确定的;无疑的;某(种)
(1)作“某(种)”讲时,同义于 some。但 some 前不加冠词。
for a certain reason=for some reason 由于某种原因
certain professors=some professors 某些教授
a certain amount of time 相当一段时间
(2)作“确信的,有把握的”讲时,同义于 sure。但是 certain 的主语既可以是人,也可用于It is certain that...句型,而 sure 主语只能是人。
“be certain/sure+从句”(人)有把握/确信……(表示主
语的信念)
be certain/sure of/about sth. (人)确信(表示主语的信念)
be certain/sure to do sth. 必定/肯定会做某事(主语常
为二、三人称,表示说话人的信念)
“make certain/sure+从句”弄清楚/确保……
make certain/sure of/about sth. 把某件事情弄清楚
for certain/sure 确定地,确切地(做状语)
It is certain that... 一定会……(不能用 sure)
[即学即练2](1)There was _________________ in his manner.他的态度有点冷淡。
(2)Are you ____________________ it?你对此有把握吗?
(3)He is __________________ his duty.
他肯定会尽职。
(4)_________________ he has wronged me.
我确信他冤枉了我。
(5)_________________ their team will win the match.
他们队肯定会赢得比赛。
a certain coldness//certain about/of//certain to do//I’m certain that//
It’s certain that
B2unit5
10.humorous_ adj.幽默的→humor n.幽默
11.familiar adj.熟悉的;常见的;亲近的
12.attractive adj.吸引人的;有吸引力的→attract vt.吸引→attraction n.吸引,吸引力
13.afterwards adv.然后;后来
14.sensitive adj.敏感的;易受伤害的;灵敏的
15.confident adj.自信的;确信的→confidence n.自信
6.familiar adj. 熟悉的;常见的;通晓的;亲密的
(1)be familiar with 对……熟悉。其主语通常是指“人”的名词;with后的宾语是主语所通晓的事物。
(2)be familiar to 为……所熟悉。其主语通常是人们所通晓的人或事物, to后的宾语常是指“人”的名词。
(3)sb. be familiar with sb. 某人与某人亲密无间
[即学即练6](1)Yao Ming is ____________________ to us.
姚明是我们大家所熟悉的明星。
(2)Are you ______________ the computer software they use
你熟悉他们使用的计算机软件吗?
(3)This nursery rhyme is very ______________ me.
我对这首童谣很熟悉。
a familiar star//familiar with//familiar to
7.to be honest 说实在的;实话说
honestly speaking 老实说
to tell the truth 说实话,老实说
to be honest with you 跟你说实话
be honest with sb. about sth. 关于某事对……坦诚
be honest in doing sth. 在做某事方面坦诚
It is honest of sb. to do sth. ……在干……方面诚实。
[即学即练7](1)_________________________________, I don’t agree with you.
对你说实话,我不同意你的看法。
(2)I think she is _____________ what she is telling me.
我认为她很诚实地告诉我一切。
(3)It is ________________________ to tell the truth.
你讲实话是诚实的。
(4)_________________, I hate the student wearing long hair.
说实在的,我讨厌那位留着长发的学生。
To be honest with you//honest in//honest of you//Honestly speaking
11.above all 首先;最重要的是;特别是;尤其
above all=most important of all(强调地位上的重要性)
first of all “首先,第一”,强调顺序
at all 根本,全然
in all 总共,共计
after all 终究,毕竟
all in all 总之
[即学即练11](1)He longs ________________ to see his family again.他尤其渴望再见到家里的人。
(2)_________________________, let them introduce themselves to us.首先,让他们向我们作自我介绍。
(3)___________________________, he didn't agree with what his son said.总之,他没同意他儿子所说的话。
(4)He has done it well. _________________, he is only a learner.这件事他做得很好了,毕竟,他只是个初学者。
above all//First of all//All in all//After all
2. above all/first of all/first(ly)/at first
(1)above all是从重要性上讲的,指重要性在若干事物中位列第一。
(2)first of all虽也强调重要性,但更多的还是侧重于顺序或次序,译做“首先,第一”。
(3)first(ly)用于列举若干事物时引出第一项,指次序,但语气不及first of all强。
(4)at first指时间,译作“开始,起初”,相当于in the beginning。
[应用2] (1)_________, I didn’t like him, but afterwards I came to appreciate him.
(2)__________, make sure you keep in touch.
(3)__________, let’s welcome our honoured guest, Mr Smith.
(4)I can’t go. ________ I have no time; _________I have no money.
At first//Above all//First of all//Firstly//secondly
B3U1
8.agricultural adj.农业的;农艺的→agriculture n.农业;农艺;农学
11.energetic adj.充满活力的;精力充沛的;积极的→energy n.能量;精力
16.obvious adj.明显的;显而易见的
B3uint2
5.raw adj.生的;未加工的
B3Unit3
16.indeed adv.真正地;确实;实在
8.on the contrary 正相反,反之(表示相反意见)
on the other hand 另一方面(说明问题的另一方面)
contrary to... 与……相反;违反,对抗
quite/just the contrary 恰恰相反
to the contrary 与此相反地
[即学即练8](1)The boy was swimming in a direction _______________ the current. 那男孩逆流游去。
(2)You didn't bother me. ________________________, I like your company. 你没有打扰我。相反地,我喜欢有你做伴。
(3)Although Bill was going to the movies, he told Jack _________________________________________.
虽然比尔要去看电影,但是他告诉杰克,说他不去。
contrary to//On the contrary//to the contrary
B3unit4
5.violent adj.猛烈的;激烈的;强暴的→violence n.暴力→violently adv.猛烈地
9.harmful adj.有害的;伤害的→harm n.危害,害处→harmless adj.无害的
1.harmful adj. 有害的;伤害的
harm n.&vt. 损伤;伤害
harmless adj. 无害的
harmlessness n. 无害
be harmful to 对……有害
do sb. harm/do harm to sb. 对某人有害
do more harm than good 弊大于利
There is (no) harm in (sb.‘s) doing sth.
(某人)做某事有(无)害处。
It does (no) harm (for sb.) to do sth. (对于某人来说)
做某事有(无)害处。
mean no harm 没有恶意
[即学即练1](1)Fruit juice can ______ __________ ______ children‘s teeth.果汁可能损坏儿童的牙齿。
(2)What he did _________ his reputation.
他所做的损害了他的名声。
Be harmful to//harmed
(3)He may look fierce, but he _________ ______ ______.
他可能看上去很凶,但并无恶意。
(4)The court case will ______ ______ ______ ______ my business.这起诉讼案件将严重损害我的生意。
Means no harm//do serious harm to形容词和副词
B1U1
1.upset adj.心烦意乱的;不安的;不适的 vt.使不安;使心烦(必修1unit1)
5.loose adj.松的;松开的(必修1unit1)
7.outdoors adv.在户外;在野外(必修1unit1)
8.entire adj.整个的;完全的;全部的(必修1unit1)
14.exactly adv.确实如此;正是;确切地→exact adj.精确的(必修1unit1)
1.upset adj. 心烦意乱的;不安的,不适的(必修1unit1)
vt. 使不安;使心烦,打乱(upset; upset)
be upset about 对……感到心烦
It upsets sb. that 让某人心烦的是……
It upsets sb. to do sth. 做……使某人不快
upset the plan 搅乱了计划
[即学即练1] (1)I ______ ______ ______ the bad news.
我对那则坏消息感到心烦意乱。
(2)It ______ ______ that he had left without saying goodbye. 他的不辞而别让她心情沮丧。
(3)If the rain keeps falling, it will ______ the whole plan. 如果继续下雨,这将会打乱我们的整个计划。
Am upset about//upset her//upset
1. calm/quiet/still/silent
这几个词都与“静”有关,但它们所描述的物体、场合是不同的。
(1)calm常指“天气平静,无风;海无浪;镇定,无忧虑;镇定自若”,强调外表的平静。
(2)quiet表示“静止的;宁静的;不激动,没有烦恼、忧虑的”,强调没有干扰,没有兴奋活动或闹声的“宁静”或“心神安逸”。
(3)still表示“静止不动的/地”“平静的/地”,突出不发出动作。
(4)silent表示“声音极小的,沉默的,寡言的”。
[应用1] (1)Ask the children to make less noise and keep ______.
(2)Although she was frightened, she answered in a ______ voice.
(3)John is a ______, thoughtful boy.
(4)Please stand ______ while I am ready to take the photograph.
Quiet//calm//silent//still
B1U2
2.Because he didn't finish the work on time and was fired by the company, he was very ______ about it.
A.upset B.worried
C.anxious D.nervous
答案:A
解析:由题意“没有按时完成工作就被公司解雇了”可知,选upset“苦恼的,心烦意乱的”。
(B1U2)
1.official adj.官方的;正式的;公务的→office n.办公室→officer n.官员
3.native adj.本国的;本地的 n.本地人;本国人
4.actually adv.实际上;事实上
6.gradual adj.逐渐的,逐步的→gradually adv.逐渐地,逐步地
8.fluent adj.流利的;流畅的→fluently adv.流利地,流畅地→fluency n.流利,流畅
9.frequent adj.频繁的;常见的→frequently adv.常常;频繁地→frequency n.频率;频度
17.straight adv.直接地;挺直地 adj.直的;笔直的;正直的
1.native adj. 本地的,出生地的;天赋的
n. 本地人;出生于某国的人
be native to... 原产于某地
one’s native country/land 本国,祖国
native place 出生地
one’s native language 本国语,本族语,母语
a native of 当地人/产于……的动/植物
[即学即练1] (1)China is our ____________, and Chinese is our ____________.
中国是我们的祖国,汉语是我们的母语。
(2)The tiger __________________ India.
这种虎产于印度。
(3)He is __________________ Beijing.他是北京人。
native country native language//is native to//a native of
B1U3
2. finally/at last/ in the end
(1)finally 常用来表示顺序,引出最后一项内容,一般不带有感彩。
(2)at last 暗含“等候或耽误很长时间之后才……”,带有浓厚的感彩,如不耐烦、不顺心、不如意等,而且语气很强烈。
(3)in the end 表示经过许多变化、困难和捉摸不定的情况之后某事才发生,可以用来预示将来。
[应用2] (1)____________! Where the hell have you been
总算找到你了!你到底上哪儿去了?
(2)After a long delay the performance _________ started.
演出拖延很久,最后总算开始了。
(3)_____________ they reached a place of safety.
最后他们到达安全地带。
At last//finally//In the end
B1U4
6.extreme adj.极度的→extremely adv.
9.useless adj.无用的;无效的;无益的→useful(反义词)→use v. & n.使用,利用
7.right away立刻,马上
(1)表示“立刻,马上”的短语
without delay/right now/immediately/at once/in no time
/right off
(2)比较right away/right now
right away“立刻,马上”,相当于at once, in no time。
right now“立即,马上;此时此刻”,后一意义比now
的语气强,相当于at this very moment。
[即学即练7] (1)I want it to be sent ____________.
马上把它发出去。
(2)He cleaned the room ____________.
他立即开始打扫房间。
(3)He’s not in the office ____________.
他现在不在办公室。
right away//right away//right now
8.at an end 终止;结束
bring...to an end (使)结束,终止
come to an end 结束,终止
at the end of 在……尽头(末)
by the end of 到……末为止(常与完成时态连用)
in the end 最后,终于(后不加 of短语)
on end 一连,连续
to the end 到底
without end 没完没了
make ends meet 收支相抵
[即学即练8] (1)The year is __________________.
这一年已到年终了。
(2)The meeting ________________________.
会议结束了。
(3)Go straight and you’ll find the hospital
________________________ the road.
一直往前走,你会在这条路的尽头找到这家医院。
(4)They argued for two hours ____________.
他们一连辩论了两个小时。
at an end//came to an end//at the end of//on end
B1U5
2.active adj.积极的;活跃的→actively adv.积极地→activity n.活动
6.peaceful adj.和平的;平静的;安宁的→peace n.和平
7.legal adj.法律的;依照法律的→illegal(反义词)
8.hopeful adj.怀有希望的;有希望的→hopeless(反义词)→hope n. & v.希望
13.equal adj.相等的,平等的→equally adv.相等地→equality n.同等,平等
14.willing adj.乐意的;自愿的
B2U1
1.valuable adj.贵重的;有价值的→value n.价值 v.估价→invaluable adj.无法估价的,无价的
10.former adj.以前的;从前的
3.fancy adj. 奇怪的;异样的 vt. 想象;设想;爱好
n.想象力;幻想;爱好
fancy oneself (as sth.) 自命不凡;自负
fancy+n.+(to be)/as+n. 认为……是……
fancy (one's) doing 想象(某人)做某事
have a fancy for 爱好
catch/take one's fancy 合某人的心意;吸引某人
take a fancy to sb./sth. 喜欢上/爱上某人/某物
Just fancy! [口]想想看!奇怪!
Fancy (that)! 真想不到!真奇怪!
fancy dress/clothes 奇装异服
[绕口令]Fancy Nancy did not fancy doing fancy work. But fancy Nancy's fancy auntie did fancy Nancy doing fancy work.
可爱的南希没有想象到能做出出色的工作,而可爱的南希的漂亮的姑姑的确想象到南希做出了出色的工作。
[即学即练3](1)Do you __________________this evening?今晚你想不想出去?
(2)She _________________________ a famous actress.
她自以为是个有名的演员。
(3)She ________________ she was being followed.
她觉得好像自己被跟踪了。
fancy going out//fancied herself(as/to be)//fancied that
提示:fancy用做动词,有时用于祈使句,表示惊奇,不相信,震惊等,后加名词、代词、动名词等做宾语,如Fancy meeting you here!想不到在这儿遇见你!