2012届高三二轮复习创新教程:名词(共8份)

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名称 2012届高三二轮复习创新教程:名词(共8份)
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科目 英语
更新时间 2012-02-14 20:38:48

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B4uint1
2.welfare n.福利;福利事业
3.project n.项目;工程;规划
4.institute n.学会;学院;协会
5.connection n.连接;关系;亲戚→connect vt.连接
6.campaign n.运动;战役;活动 vi.作战;参加运动
7.organization n.组织;机构;团体→organize vt.组织
9.shade n.荫;阴凉处 vt.遮住光线
14.entertainment n.款待;娱乐;娱乐表演→entertain v.宴客,款待某人
16.support n. & vt.支持;拥护
5.support n.&vt. 支持;拥护
in support of 支持;赞成;拥护
support oneself 自立更生
support one‘s family 养家
support one’s suggestion 赞同某人的建议
support one‘s opinion 支持某人的想法
[即学即练5](1)These measures are strongly _________ ______ environmental groups.
这些措施得到了环保组织的大力支持。
(2)I cannot _______ my wife and children ______ such a small salary. 凭这么少的工资,我养活不了妻子和孩子。
(3)I promised to _________ her ______ 3 000 yuan.
我答应赞助她3 000元。
(4)When his father died, Jim was ______ ______ __________.
他父亲死后,吉姆成了真正的顶梁柱。
Supported by/support on/support with/a real support
B4u2
2.output n.产量;输出
3.hunger n.饥饿;欲望→hungry adj.饥饿的;有欲望的
6.battle n.战役;战斗;较量;斗争vt. & vi.搏斗;奋斗
10.nationality n.国籍→nation n.国家;民族→national adj.国家的;国有的
11.occupation n.工作;职业;占领→occupy vt.占领
15.bacteria n.(bacterium的复数形式)细菌
17.summary n.总结;摘要;概要→summarize vt.总结
18.comment n.评论;议论 vi. & vt.表达意见;作出评论
6.focus n.(兴趣、活动等的)中心;焦点
v.(使)集中,聚集;(使)聚焦
be in focus 焦距对准;清晰
be out of focus 焦距没对准;模糊
bring sth. into focus 把某物集中在焦点上
focus sth. on (upon) sth.=fix...on...
使……集中于……
be focused on/upon sth.=be fixed on 集中于……
[即学即练6](1)The ______ ______ my camera isn‘t working properly.
我照相机上的调焦装置有毛病。
(2)Her beauty makes her ______ ______ ______ ________.
她长得漂亮,很惹人注意。
(3)We should ______ ______ _________ ______ our study.
我们应该把注意力放在学习上。
(4)She felt all the eyes ______ _________ ______ her.
她觉得所有人都在注视着她。
Focus on/the focus of attention/focus our attention on/were focused on
B4U3
1.humour n.幽默;滑稽→humourous adj.幽默的
13.gesture n.姿态;手势 vi.做手势
15.occasion n.时刻;场合
17.whisper n.耳语;低语 vt. & vi.低语;小声说
1.content n.内容,目录,容量;满足
adj.满足的;满意的
vt.使满足
be content with=be satisfied with
对……感到满足/满意
be content to do sth.=be willing to do sth.愿意做某事
content sb./oneself with sth. 使某人/自己对……满意
in content and form 在内容和形式上
[即学即练1](1)Are you ____________ your present salary?你对现在的薪水满意吗?
(2)My parents ________________________ in the country.我父母甘愿住在乡下。
(3)Simple praise is enough to ____________.
一点点表扬就足以使他满足。
(4)Show me __________________ your suitcase.
给我看看你手提箱里的东西。
content with/are well content to live/content him/the contents of
提示:content 用做形容词时,通常做表语、后置定语或状语,做前置定语要用contented,如:a contented expression“满足的表情”; content 前的修饰词用 well,而不用 very。
B4U4
4.association n.社团;联系;联想→associate v.把……联系起来
5.flight n.飞行;航班
11.adult n.成人;成年人 adj.成人的;成熟的
13.function n.作用;功能;职能 vi.起作用;运转
16.anger n.怒气;怒火→angry adj.生气的
18.rank n.等级;军衔
5.likely adj. 可能的 adv. 很可能
It‘s likely that...=Sb./Sth. be likely to do...……
是可能的。
not likely (坚决不同意)绝不可能,绝对不会
[即学即练5](1)John ______________ be in London this autumn.今年秋天约翰可能在伦敦。
(2)The park is a ______ place for the picnic.
这公园倒是个适合野餐的地方。
(3)______ isn’t likely that I should accept such an offer as that.要我接受这样的建议是不大可能的。
(4)We will ___________ likely be late.我们很有可能会迟到。
is likely to/likely/It/most/very
【注意】likely做副词的时候多和most, very连用。
6.ease n. 安逸;舒适 vt. 减轻(痛苦、忧虑)
at ease 舒适,快活,自由自在
with ease 轻易地,毫不费力地
feel/look at ease 感到/看上去心情放松
put/set sb. at one‘s ease 使某人放松、松弛
take one’s ease 休息,轻松一下
[即学即练6](1)The medicine __________________.
这种药镇痛。
(2)He is living a life _________.他过着舒适的生活。
(3)He passed the examination ____________.
他轻松地通过了考试。
(4)I never feel completely _________ with him.
我跟他在一起总感到不是很自在。
eased the pain/of ease/with ease/at ease
B4U5
1.theme n.题目;主题(曲)
2.centre n.中心→central adj.中心的;中央的
4.fantasy n.幻想;怪念头→fantastic adj.极好的,吸引人的,不现实的
6.swing n.秋千;摇摆 vt. & vi.摇摆;摆动
8.tourism n.旅游业→tour n.旅游
11.length n.长度;长→lengthen v.加长
12.athlete n.运动员→athletic adj.运动的
13.translator n.翻译者→translate v.翻译→translation n.翻译,译文
14.minority n.少数;少数民族→majority(反义词)大多数
15.creature n.生物;动物
17._brand n.商标;牌子
18.admission n.允许进入;入场费;承认→admit v.承认
B5U1
1.characteristic n.特征;特性
6.cure n.治愈;痊愈 vt.治愈;治疗
7.challenge n.挑战 vt.向……挑战→challenger n.挑战者
13.handle n.柄;把手 vt.处理;操纵
4.cure n. 治愈;痊愈 vt. 治愈;治疗
curable adj. 可治愈的
a cure for... 针对……的治疗
cure sb. of sth. 消除某人……;治愈某人……
[即学即练4](1)The doctor can't ______ her ______ the cancer.
医生治不好她的癌症。
(2)Nothing can ______ you ______ your bad habits.
没有什么能去掉你的坏习惯。
(3)This is ___________________ SARS.
这是一种新的SARS治疗方法。
cure of/cure of/a new cure for
拓展:vt.+sb. +of sth.结构的短语还有:
remind sb. of sth.使某人想起某事
suspect sb. of sth.怀疑某人(做)某事
rob sb. of sth.抢了某人某物
inform sb. of sth.通知某人某事
warn sb. of sth.警告某人某事
accuse sb. of sth.控告某人某事
7.blame n.&vt.责备;责任
blame sb. for sth./doing sth.
因为某事责备某人/责备某人做了某事
blame sth. on sb.把某事归咎于某人
be to blame (for)应(为……)承担责任;该(为……)
受责备(此处不能用被动语态)
accept/bear/take the blame for sth. 对某事负责任
put/lay the blame for sth. on sb. 将某事归咎于某人
[即学即练7](1)He _________ me ______ my carelessness.
他责备我的疏忽大意。
(2)Mr Li is not __________________ the accident.
这次事故不能怨李先生。
(3)Where does __________________ our failure lie
我们失败的症结在哪里?
Blamed for/to blame for/the blame for2012英语创新复习名词教程
6.series n.连续;系列(B1U2)
9.power n.能力;力量;权力→powerful adj.有权势的(B1U2)
4.series n. 系列;连续(B1U2)
a series of   一连串的;一系列的
a series of exams 一连串的考试
a TV series 一部电视连续剧
注意:(1)series 属于单复数同形的单词,类似的单词还有 means, species, works(工厂),deer, fish, sheep 等。
(2)“a series of+复数名词”做主语时,谓语动词用单数,但“these/those series of+复数名词”做主语时,谓语动词用复数。
[即学即练4] (1)Then began ______ ______ ______ wet days that spoiled our vacation.
之后就是一连串的下雨天,把我们的假期弄得一团糟。
(2)There ______ a series of car accidents at the crossing this morning.今天早晨在十字路口发生了一连串的交通事故。
a series of / was
(B1U2)
2. power/right/strength/force/energy
(1)power主要指做事所依靠的能力、功能,也可指人或机器等事物潜在的或发挥出来的力量,还可指职权、权力或政权。
(2)right指“权利”。
(3)strength指固有的潜力。说人时,指“力气”,说物时,指“强度”。
(4)force主要指自然界的力量;暴力、势力以及法律、道德或感情的力量;军事力量等。
(5)energy主要指人的精力或自然界中的能量。
[应用2] (1)You’ll need to apply all your ______ to this job.
(2)You have no ______ to treat me like this.
(3)Congress has ______ to declare war.
(4)The ______ of the explosion broke all the windows.
(5)A washing machine is a saver of time and ________.
Energy /right/power/force/strength
2.voyage n.航行;航海
7.identity n.本身;本体;身份→identical adj.相同的,一样的→identify v.确定;认出;鉴定
10.usage n.使用;用法;词语惯用法→useful adj.有用的→use n. & v.使用,利用
11.command n. & vt.命令;指令;掌握→commander n.指挥员,司令员
13.expression n.词语;表示;表达→express v.表达→expressive adj.富于表情的;有表现力的
15.accent n.口音;腔调;重音
16.lightning n.闪电
3.command n.[C]命令;指令[U]掌握
vt. & vi.命令;指挥;支配
at one’s command随心所欲地
at/by one’s command奉某人之命
in command of指挥;统帅
under one’s command由……指挥
take command of担任……的指挥
have a good command of很好地掌握
command sb. to do sth.命令某人做某事
command that...(should) do...命令……
[即学即练3] (1)The army is __________________ ____________.军队由国王直接统率。
(2)She ______________________________ the German language.她精通德语。
(3)He commanded us ____________ immediately.=He commanded that we ____________ immediately.
他命令我们马上离开。
under the king’s command/has a good command of/to leave /should leave
2. such as/for example/that is/and so on
(1)such as 用于列举事物时常放在所列举事物与前面的名词之间,且其后不用逗号,直接跟所列举的事物,可与 like互换。它所列举的事物的数量不能等同于前面所提的事物的总和,否则就用 that is或 namely。
(2)for example 主要用于举例说明,其前后多用符号隔开。其位置比较灵活,可位于句首、句中或句末(such as只能位于所列举的事物之前)。
(3)that is 相当于 namely,它所列举的事物的总量等于前面所提到的事物的总和。
(4)and so on 对几个事物进行列举时,在说了其中的几个以后,用...and so on进行概括,说明还有例子,但不一一列出了。
[应用2] (1)My daughter studies four subjects in school, ____________, Chinese, maths, English and P.E.
(2)Overcooking, ____________, destroys many nutrients.
(3)He can speak some other languages, ____________ French and German.
(4)There are some books, pens, erasers ____________ in my bag.
that is/for example/such as/ and so on
B1U3
1.journal n.日记;杂志;定期刊物→journalist n.记者
2.transport n. & vt.运输;运送→transportation n.交通工具
4.disadvantage n.不利条件;不便之处→advantage(反义词)
8.schedule n.时间表;进度表 vt.为某事安排时间
12.journey n.旅行;旅程
13.bend n.弯;拐角 vt. (bent, bent)使弯曲vi.弯身;弯腰
14.attitude n.态度;看法
15.forecast n. & vt.预测;预报
17.view n.风景;视野;观点;见解 vt.观看;注视;考虑
5.attitude n. 态度;看法
[即学即练5] (1)What's your attitude ______ the plan
你对此计划看法如何?
(2)It's not his work that bothers me; it's his _________.
困扰我的不是他的工作,而是他的态度。
To/attitude
提示:attitude “态度;看法”,常与介词 to/towards 连用。have a...attitude to/towards... “对……有……的态度”。
1. fare/fee/charge/cost/price/expense
(1)fare 指交通费用。
(2)fee 指给律师、医生等的费用或(考试)报名费,入会费等。
(3)charge (可数或不可数)费用,索价;记账,赊账。
(4)cost (可数或不可数)代价,价格,费用;(常复数)成本。
(5)price 价格,价钱。
(6)expense 支出,开支,费用;(常复数)经费,支出金额;(薪水外的)津贴。
[应用1] (1)He can’t earn enough to cover his own living _____________.
他挣的钱不够他自己的生活开销。
(2)______ are going up.物价正在上涨。
(3)After I gave the taxi ______ to the driver, I went to the office to pay my lawyer's ______.
付了出租车费后,我去事务所付了律师费。
Expenses/Prices/fare/fees
(4)She built the house without regard to ______.
她盖这所房子根本不在乎花多少钱。
(5)All goods are delivered free of ______.
一切物品免费送货。
Cost/charge
3. view/scene/scenery/sight
(1)view常指在远处或高处从某个角度看到的 scenery 的一部分,还有“观点,看法”的意思。
(2)scene 普通名词,指“一眼可浏览的风景”,不限于自然景色,也可指“现场”“场景”。
(3)scenery 集合名词,指某地方的“整个风景”,是由多个 scene构成的景色。
(4)sight 风景,名胜。用复数形式指人文景观。
[应用3](1)There were distressing(悲惨的)
_________when the earthquake struck the city.
(2)On the top of the mountain you'll get a good______of the city.
(3)Switzerland is well-known for its impressive mountainous_______________.
(4)Look! What a beautiful_________of the sunset!
Scenes/view/scenery或 sights/sight
B1U4
2.event n.事件;大事
3.nation n.民族;国家;国民→national adj.国家的,民族的→nationality n.国籍
4.ruin n.废墟;毁灭 vt.毁灭;使破产
5.suffering n.苦难;痛苦→suffer v.受苦,遭受
11.rescue n. & vt.援救;营救
12.trap vt.使陷入困境 n.陷阱;困境
13.electricity n.电;电流;电学→electric adj.用电的;带电的;发电的→electrical adj.与电有关的;电学的
14.disaster n.灾难;灾祸
16.shelter n.掩蔽;掩蔽处;避身处
17.damage n. & vt.损失;损害
19.judge n.裁判员;法官 vt.断定;判断;判决→judgement n.判断,判决
2.ruin n. [U]毁坏;毁灭,崩溃[C](pl.) 废墟,遗迹
v. (使)破产,(使)堕落,毁灭
in ruins 成为废墟;破败不堪
be the ruin of 成为……毁灭(堕落)的原因
come/fall to ruin 毁灭,灭亡;崩溃;破坏掉
bring sb. to ruin 使某人失败;使倾家荡产
bring ruin upon oneself 自取灭亡
ruin oneself 自取灭亡
ruin one's health/fame 毁坏某人的健康/名誉
[即学即练2](1)Drink was his father's ______ and it will be the ______of him too.
酗酒是他父亲失败的原因,他也将遭同样的厄运。
(2)Years of fighting have left the area ___________.
多年的战事已经使得这个地区满目疮痍。
(3)A large number of churches __________________ after the revolution. 革命过后,许多教堂都毁了。
(4)The heavy rain __________________.
大雨把我们的假期彻底搞糟了。
(5)If you go on like this, you'll ____________.
如果你继续这样下去,你会自己毁了自己。
Ruin ruin/in ruins/fell to ruin /ruined our holiday/ruin yourself
4.shock n. [U;C]打击;震惊;震动;休克
vt. 使震惊,使惊愕
be shocked at/by (doing) sth. 被震惊
be shocked to do sth. 惧怕做某事
It shocked sb. to see/hear...
看见/听到……使某人震惊。
(be) a shock to sb. 对某人来说是个打击
[即学即练4] (1)The news of his wife's death was ________________________ him.
他妻子去世的消息对他打击太大了。
(2)He __________________ her smoking.
看到她在吸烟,他很吃惊。
(3)__________________ to see how my neighbours treated their children.看到邻居们如何对待孩子,我感到震惊。
a terrible shock to/was shocked at/It shocked me
提示:shocked adj. 感到惊奇的,惊讶的(主语多为人)
shocking adj. 令人气愤的,令人惊讶的(主语多为物)
2. injure/wound/hurt/harm
injure 一般指由于意外或事故而造成伤害,也可以表示损害名誉、伤害感情等。
wound 指枪伤、刀伤、刺伤等皮肉之伤,是出血的、严重的伤,特指战场上受伤。
hurt 是一般用语,指肉体或精神上的伤害,常伴有强烈的疼痛感;还可表示“疼、痛”。
harm 用于肉体或精神上的伤害均可。有时可指引起不安或不便。还可用于抽象事物,尤其是指不道德的事情。
[应用2] (1)The robber ___________ him with a knife.
那强盗用刀刺伤了他。
(2)These criticisms have ___________ his pride deeply.
这些批评使他的自尊心深深地受到了伤害。
(3)Two people have been badly ______ in the accident.
有两个人在这次事故中严重受伤了。
(4)Don't ______ your eyes by reading in dim light.
不要在昏暗的灯光下看书,以免损伤眼睛。
Wounded/(hurt/injured)/injured/harmX7U1
1.disability n.伤残;无力;无能→disabled adj.伤残的
2.ambition n.雄心;野心→ambitious adj.有雄心的;有野心的
7.absence n.缺席;不在某处→absent adj.缺席的;不在的
9.firm n.公司 adj.结实的;坚固的;坚定的
10.encouragement n.鼓励;奖励→encourage v.鼓励
11.conduct n.行为;品行 vt.指挥;管理;主持
15.access n.(接近的)方法;通路;可接近性→accessible adj.可接近的;可进入的;可使用的
16.approval n.赞成;认可
17.dignity n.尊严;高贵的品质
6.access n. (接近的)方法;通道;可接近性
accessible adj. 可接近的;可进入的;可使用的
be easy/hard of access 容易/难接近
have/gain/get/obtain access to 得以接近,得以会见,
得以进入,得以使用
give access to 接见,准许出入
be accessible to 能接近……,可使用……
[即学即练6](1)Only a few people _________________ the full facts of the case.
只有少数几个人能看到有关该案的全部事实的材料。
(2)The only ____________ their house is along that narrow road. 只有沿着那条狭窄的路走才能到达他们的房子。
have access to/access to
(3)A manager should __________________ his staff.
一个管理人员应该让职员感到平易近人。
(4)The village is not __________________.
那个村子汽车无法抵达。
be accessible to/accessible by car
X7U2
1.desire n.渴望;欲望;渴求 vt.希望得到;想要→desirable adj.渴望的,有欲望的
2.satisfaction n.满意;满足;令人满意的事物→satisfactory adj.令人满意的→satisfy vt.使感到满意
4.sympathy n.同情(心)→sympathetic adj.同情的;有同情心的→sympathize vi.同情;怜悯;赞同
7.favour n.喜爱;恩惠vt.喜爱;偏袒→favourable adj.赞成的;有利的→favoured adj.满意的;优惠的→favourite n.最喜爱的 adj.最喜欢的
10.affair n.事务;事情;暧昧关系
14.staff n.全体员工;手杖→stuff n.原料、材料
16.talent n.天才;特殊能力;才干→telented adj.有才气的;有才能的
17.divorce n.离婚;断绝关系 vt.与……离婚;与……脱离
2.alarm n.警报;惊恐 vt.使警觉;使惊恐;惊动
give/raise/sound the alarm发警报
take(the) alarm at...
对……感到吃惊;因……而惊恐
be alarmed at/for...被……吓一跳
[即学即练2](1)He __________________ when the robber came in.抢劫犯一进门他就报了警。
(2)I hope you didn’t __________________ the news.
我希望你没有因为听到那个消息而惊慌。
sounded the alarm /take alarm at
(3)The noise of the shot ______________ hundreds of birds.
枪声惊动了千百只鸟。
alarmed
3.sympathy n.同情,同情心;赞同,支持
have/feel sympathy for sb./sth.对某人/某物表示同情
get sympathy from sb.获得某人的同情
out of sympathy出于同情
(have) sympathy with/for...赞同(支持)……
in sympathy with sb./sth.支持某人/某事
[即学即练3](1)It is his own fault, so he’ll ___________ ____________________ me.
这是他自己的错,所以我不会去同情他。
(2)We all ________________________ the victims of the Wenchuan Earthquake.
我们所有人对汶川大地震的遇难者都深表同情。
get no/sympathy from/have great sympathy for 
(3)Do you ________________________ his point of view?你同意他的观点吗?
(4)I’m __________________ you on that point.
在那一点上,我同意你的看法。
have any sympathy with/in sympathy with
4.favour (=favor) n.喜爱;恩惠,帮忙;优惠vt.喜爱;偏袒
ask a favor of sb.求人帮一个忙,求人做某事
do a favor for sb.帮某人一个忙,给某人做件事
be in(out of) favor(with)受宠(失宠),得到(不受)偏爱
in favor of赞成,主张
in one’s favor对某人有利
[即学即练4](1)May I ________________________ you?请您帮个忙行吗?
(2)Was he __________________ the death penalty
他赞成死刑吗?
(3)_______________________ and turn the radio down while I’m on the phone, will you
劳驾,我在打电话时把收音机的声音调小点好吗?
ask a favor of/in favor of/Do me a favor
1.affair/thing/matter/business/event
(1)affair 意为“事情”“事件”,含义较广,泛指已做或待做的事。复数 affairs 一般指商业事务及政府的日常事务,如财政事务、外交事务等。
(2)thing 意为“事情”“事物”,不管大事还是小事,好事还是坏事均可称为 thing;thing的复数形式 things 可作“形势”解。
(3)matter 意为“事件”“事故”,系普通用词,常指需要考虑和处理的事情,而不强调行动,matter 作“物质”解时,是不可数名词。
(4)business 作“商务”“买卖”解时,不能用复数形式,常常指所指派的任务、职责,有时说的是指派的工作或商业上的买卖活动等。常用的短语有 in business “经商”;on business “有事,因公”等。
(5)event 多指“大事件”,尤指重要、有意思或不寻常的事件。
[应用1] (1)I can‘t say which wine is best—it’s a(n) ______ of personal taste.
(2)It‘s none of your ____________.
(3)What were the chief _____________ last year
(4)He thought she was having a(n)____________.
Matter/business/events/affair
X7U3
3.accommodation n.住所;住宿
6.telescope n.望远镜
9.depth n.深(度);深处
12.target n.目标;靶;受批评的对象
1.witness n. 目击者;证人;证据 vt. 当场见到;目击
a witness to ……的目击者
bear/give witness (to) 证明;作证
call to witness 请……作证;传……作证
witness to(doing) sth. 作证
[即学即练1](1)The successful launch of Shenzhou Ⅶ is ________________________ our country‘s increasing prosperity.“神舟”七号的成功发射是我们伟大祖国日益强盛的有力见证。
(2)The two servants _____________ Mr Smith’s will.
两个仆人在史密斯先生的遗嘱上签名作证。
powerful witness to /witnessed
(3)She was punished for __________________.
她因作伪证受到惩处。
(4)The worker ________________________ the accused near the scene of the crime.
这个工人作证说曾看见被告在犯罪现场附近。
giving false witnesses/witnessed to having seen
2.accommodation n. 住所;住宿,膳宿供应;(pl.) 提供便利的设备(或用具);适应,调节
accommodate vt. 向……提供住宿(或膳宿);容纳,接纳,招待住宿;供应,供给;使适应,使适合,调节
make accommodations for 为……提供膳宿
book accommodation at a hotel 向旅馆预订房间
arrange sb.‘s accommodation 给某人安排住处
accommodate/adapt to 使……适应
accommodate oneself to=adapt oneself to 适应,顺应
accommodate/supply sb. with 向某人提供方便
[即学即练2](1)The house will _______________ two families.
这幢房子可容纳两家人居住。
(2)The bank will __________________ you ______ a loan.
银行将提供一笔贷款给你。
(3)You will have to ______________ yourself ______ the situation. 你必须使自己适应形势。
Accommodate/accommodate with /accommodate to
(4)Can we find _________________ at a hotel for tonight
我们今晚能找到旅馆住宿吗?
(5)This hotel has _____________________ 500 guests.
Accommodations/accommodations for
X7U4
1.fortnight n.两星期
3.concept n.观念;概念
9.privilege n.特权;特别优待
10.astronaut n.宇航员;太空人
11.catalogue n.目录
15.anniversary n.周年纪念(日)
19.security n.安全;保护;保障
X7U5
1.queue n.队列;行列 vi.排队
2.lecture n. & vi.演讲;讲课
3.qualification n.资格;资历→qualified adj.有资格的;能胜任的
4.preparation n.准备;预备→prepare vt.准备
6.idiom n.习语;成语
7.comfort n.舒适;安慰 vt.安慰→comfortable adj.舒适的→comfortably adv.舒适地
8.substitute n.代替品;代用品vt.用……代替……→substitution n.代替,取代→substitutive adj.可以替代的,代用的,取代的
9.requirement n.需要;要求→require vt.需要
10.draft n.草稿;草案 vt.草拟,起草
14.apology n.道歉;谢罪→apologize vt.道歉
15.routine n.常规;日常事务 adj.通常的;例行的
17.agent n.代理人;经纪人
20.destination n.目的地
2.comfort n.舒适;安慰 vt.安慰
comfort sb.安慰某人
live in comfort生活舒适
a few words of comfort几句安慰的话
It is a comfort to do sth.做……是令人安慰的事
[即学即练2](1)He lives __________________.
他生活极为舒适。
(2)After retirement, he ________________________ reading.
退休后他从读书中得到慰藉。
(3)________________________ to know that she is safe.得知她平安无事,这是一个安慰。
in great comfort/took comfort from/in/It is a comfort
(4)A hot cup of milk on a cold night is __________________.在寒冷的夜晚喝一杯热牛奶真是舒服。
(5)I __________________ Jean after her mother’s death.
琼的妈妈去世后,我尽力安慰她。
a real comfort/tried to comfort
3.substitute n. 代替者;代用品 vt. 用……代替
a substitute for ……的代替者;……的代用品
substitute A for B 用A代替B
substitute A with/by B 用B代替A
substitute for 代替;取代
[即学即练3](1)You can ______________ home-made parts ______ imported parts.
=You can ______________ imported parts ____________ home-made parts.你能用国产零件代替进口零件。
(2)Home-made parts can ________________ imported parts.
国产零件能取代进口零件。
Substitute for/substitute with/by/substitute for
(3)Vitamin pills are __________________ healthy eating.维生素片不能替代健康饮食。
no substitute forX8U1
2.means n.手段;方法
3.majority n.大多数;大半→minority n.少数
6.percentage n.百分比;百分率
7.boom n.(人口、贸易的)繁荣 vi.处于经济迅速发展时期
8.applicant n.申请人→apply v.申请→application n.申请
9.customs n.海关;关税;进口税
12.luggage n.行李
17.punishment n.处罚;惩罚→punish v.惩罚;处罚
18.justice n.正义;公平→injustice(反义词)
1.means n. 方法;手段
by all means 务必;一定;当然可以
by any means 无论如何
by no means 决不(用于句首时引起部分倒装)
by this/these means 用这种/这些办法
by means of 依靠……方法,借助……手段
[即学即练1](1)Taking a plane is ________________________ getting there.
去那儿最快的方式是坐飞机。
(2)All possible means ______ been tried.
=Every possible means ______ been tried.
所有(每一种)可能的办法都已经试过了。
the quickest means of/have/has
(3)This plan must be realized __________________.
这个计划必须完成。
(4)Thoughts are expressed __________________ words.
思想靠语言来表达。
(5)By no means __________________ left alone.
绝不能把他单独留下。
by all means/by means of/should he be
提示:(1)means 表示“方法、方式、手段”,其单复数同形。当 means 做主语且有 every, each 等词修饰时,谓语动词用单数;有 some, several, many, few, all 等词修饰时,谓语动词用复数。
(2)by this means 强调的是“有条理的办事方法”;in this way 强调的是“用简便的方法”,in 有时候可以省略;with this method 强调的是“用已形成的系统的、理论的方法”。
2.majority n. 大多数,大半
the majority 大多数(其做主语表整体时,谓语用单数;
若表成员情况时,谓语用复数。)
the majority of+n. [U]+单数谓语
the majority of+n. [pl.]+复数谓语
be in the majority 占大多数
by/with a majority of 以大多数……赢得……
[即学即练2](1)____________ were present at the meeting.大多数人出席了会议。
(2)__________________ the people seem to prefer watching games to playing games.
大部分人似乎喜欢观看比赛胜于参加比赛。
The majority/The majority of 
(3)He was elected by ________________________ 765.
他以765票的多数票当选。
a large majority of
8.a good/great many 许多,很多
a good/great many=many=a great number of+n. (pl.)
a great many of
them (us) (代词)
the (these, those)+n. (pl.)
many a+单数可数名词+单数谓语动词
[即学即练8](1)Tom found that there were
__________________________ people already there.
汤姆发现那儿已经有很多人了。
(2)It seems that ________________________ them are out of work now. 似乎他们中的许多人现在失业了。
a great/good many/a great/good many of
(3)Many a student ______ this song.
很多学生喜欢这首歌。
likes
1. means/manner/method/approach/way
(1)means表示“方法”“手段”“工具”“财产”,与of搭配。
(2)manner表示“方式”“方法”,指个人喜欢采用的方式,与of搭配。
(3)method指做某事的具体步骤或程序,也指系统的、抽象概念的原理,与of搭配。
(4)way是最通用的词,也是最不正式的词。本义是“通路”,引申作“方式”“方法”讲,含义很广,与of或动词不定式搭配。
(5)approach也有“方法,步骤,途径”的意思。它侧重指待人接物或思考问题的方式。与toward或to搭配。
[应用1] (1)This book provides a good _____________ to psychology.
本书提供研究心理学的良好门径。
(2)The _____________ of their meeting makes a good story.
他们相见的方式似乎有些传奇色彩。
Approach  /manner
(3)The quickest ___________ of travel is by plane.
最快的旅行方式是乘飞机。
(4)In this _____________ over several days, the artist and his mouse became friends.
就这样过了几天,这位艺术家和他的老鼠成了好朋友。
(5)He is a man of ________.他是个有条理的人。
Means/way/method
X8U2
2.twin n.双胞胎之一;孪生儿之一 adj.成对的;成双的
5.breakthrough n.突破
18.drawback n.缺点;不利条件
19.feather n. 羽毛
X8U3
3.product n.产品
6.caution n.小心,谨慎→cautious adj.小心的,谨慎的→cautiously adv.小心地,谨慎地
9.file n.文件;档案;文件夹 vt.提交;将……归档
14.current n.(水或气)流;电流 adj.现在的;当前的
18.competence n.能力;胜任;本领
case构成的短语的用法
[应用] (1)It is reported that there will be a heavy rain tomorrow, ______ the hike would be put off.
A.in any case B.in which case
C.in no case D.in case
答案:B
解析:该题考查case的相关短语及定语从句,根据前面说“据说明天有大雨”,可知hike在这种情况下要推迟,which引导定语从句,指代整个主句。
(2)-The first bus has just left and the next bus will come in twenty minutes.
-______, we will have to wait.
A.In this case B.In this way
C.By this means D.In the end
答案:A
(3)John may phone tonight. I don’t want to go out ______ he phones.
A.as long as B.in order that
C.in case D.so that
答案:C
解析:as long as意为“只要”,in order that意为“为了”,in case意为“以防”,so that意为“以致;为了”。in case引导条件状语从句。
(4)I don’t think I’ll need any money, but I’ll bring some ______.
A.at last B.in case
C.once again D.in time
答案:B
解析:根据句子中所说自己目前不需要钱,可是要带一点备用或者以防万一。in case是“以防万一”的意思,恰好符合此意。in time是“及时,恰好,迟早”的意思。
(5)You’d better take something to read when you go to see the doctor ______ you have to wait.
A.even if B.as if
C.in case D.in order that
答案:C
X8U4
1.adaptation n.适应(性);改编本→adapt vt.改编,(使)适应
4.outcome n.结果;效果
7.remark n.谈论;言论;评述 vt. & vi.谈论;评论;说起
9.acquaintance n.相识,了解,熟人
10.fortune n.机会;运气;大笔的钱
11.status n.身份;地位;职位
16.compromise n. & vi.妥协;折衷
6.acquaintance n. [C]认识的人,熟人;[U]认识,有交情;了解
have acquaintance with sb. 与……认识,有交情
have acquaintance with sth. 对……了解
make sb.‘s acquaintance/make the acquaintance of sb.
与某人初次相见、结识某人
on first acquaintance 初次相见时
[即学即练6](1)I ________________________ at a party.
我是在一个聚会上认识他的。
(2)He has some little ____________________ the English language. 他稍微会一点儿英语。
made his acquaintance/acquaintance with
1.acquaintance/friend/companion
(1)acquaintance熟人,相识的人;尤指在工作和事业中认识的人。
(2)friend朋友;指关系密切、感情较深者。
(3)companion同伴,伙伴;指共同参加某种活动或在某种情况下同甘共苦的人。
[应用1] (1)a traveling ______________旅伴
(2)a trusted ___________________知已
(3)a nodding ________________点头之交
(4)a ______________ in despair患难之交
Companion/friend/acquaintance/companion
X8U5
1.alternative n. 可能的选择 adj.供选择的;其他的
2.starvation n.挨饿;饿死→starve vi.挨饿;饿死
3.accuracy n.精确;准确→accurate adj.准确的;精确的
8.botany n.植物学→botanical adj.植物学的,与植物学有关的
9.analysis n.分析→analyses pl.→analyse vt.分析→analyst n.分析者,化验员→analytic(al) adj.分析的,解析的
10.category n.种类;类别;范畴
11.significance n.意义;意思;重要性,重要意义
14.academy n.学院;学会;学术团体;院校
1.alternative n. (两者或两者以上)选择;二选其一;可供选择的东西;替代物 adj. 选其一的;替代的
an alternative to... ……的替代品
have no alternative but to do sth. 别无选择只好做……
alternative energy 可替代能源
[即学即练1](1)Have you got an _____________ suggestion
你有没有其他的建议?
(2)You ________________________ marrying or remaining a bachelor.你可以结婚也可以仍做单身汉,任你选择。
alternative /have the alternative of
(3)We have ___________________________________.除了继续下去,我们没有选择的余地。
(4)There is ______________________________.
除了战斗,没有其他的办法。
no alternative but to go on/no alternative but to fight
5.arrest n. 逮捕;拘留 vt. 逮捕;吸引
arrest sb. for 因……而逮捕某人
get arrested 遭逮捕
arrest one‘s attention 引起注意
under arrest 被捕
make an arrest 进行拘捕
[即学即练5](1)Embry __________________ stealing cars.恩布里因为偷车而被捕了。
(2)He was placed _______________________ in 1995.
他在1995年被软禁。
(3)The police expected to ______________________ soon.
警方很快就会进行拘捕。
was arrested for/under house arrest/make an arrest
1.alternative/choice/selection
(1)alternative一般强调在只有两种可能性或者行为方式之间进行的选择。
(2)choice泛指从一组人或物中进行的自由选择,指选择,挑选,抉择。
(3)selection含有从许多可供选择的人或物中择优选拔的意思。
[应用1] (1)The store offers a wide ______ of fruit and vegetables.商店提供许多可供选择的水果和蔬菜。
(2)An unhappy _____________ is before you. Your mother will never see you again if you do not marry Mr Collins, and I will never see you again if you do.
摆在你面前的是个很不幸的难题,你得自己去选择。如果你不嫁给柯林斯先生,你母亲就再也不想见你,而如果你要嫁给他,我就再也不愿见到你。
Choice/alternative
(3)Parents should be careful in their _____________ of the movies their young children see.
家长们在为孩子们挑选电影时应小心谨慎。
selectionB5u2
5.credit n.信任;学分;赞扬;信贷
7.convenience n.便利;方便→convenient adj.方便的
9.collection n.收藏品;珍藏;收集→collect vt.收集
10.description n.描写;描述→describe vt.描述
12.possibility n.可能性→possible adj.可能的
14.quarrel n.争吵;争论;吵架 vi.争吵;吵架
17.delight n.快乐;高兴vt.使高兴;使快乐→delighted adj.高兴的;快乐的→delightful adj.令人高兴的
3.convenience n. 便利;方便;便利的事物;便利设施
convenient adj. 方便的,便利的
for the convenience of... 为了方便……
for (the sake of) convenience 为了方便起见
at one‘s convenience 在方便时;在适宜的地点
be convenient for sb./sth. 对于……是方便的
[即学即练3](1)I keep my reference books near my desk __________________.
我把参考书放在书桌旁以便用着方便。
(2)Come to my office __________________.
你方便时来我办公室一趟。
(3)It was __________________ to have the doctor living near us. 有医生住在我们附近真是太方便了。
(4)When would it __________________ you to start work
你什么时候始方便开始工作呢?
for convenience/at your convenience/a great convenience/be convenient for
提示:convenience 意为“方便;便利”时,为不可数名词;作“便利的事物;便利设施”讲时为可数名词。convenient 为其形容词形式,用做表语时,主语不能是人,常用于 It is convenient for sb. to do sth.这一句型。
B5U3
1.impression n.印象;感想;印记→impress v.给某人深刻印象→impressive adj.给人深刻印象的
4.guide n.指导;向导;导游 vt.指引;指导
5.surrounding n.周围的事物;环境 adj.周围的→surround vt.围绕
11.switch n.开关;转换 vt.转换
12.optimistic adj.乐观(主义)的→pessimistic(反义词)
13.desert n.沙漠;荒原
14.typist n.打字员→typewriter n.打字机
15.instant n.瞬间;片刻 adj.立即的;立刻的→instantly adv.马上
17.representative n.代表;典型人物 adj.典型的;有代表性的→represent v.代表
18.settlement n.定居;解决→settle v.定居;解决→settler n.定居者
1.impression n. 印象;感想;印记
impress vt. 使感动,使留下印象
impressive adj. 给人深刻印象的
have an impression of 对……有印象
be under the impression that... 认为……;以为……
make an impression on 给……留下印象
impress sth. on/upon sb. 使某人铭记某事物
impress sb. with sth. 使某人铭记某事物
be impressed by/at/with 对……印象深刻
an impressive scene 难忘的场面
[即学即练1](1)The new teacher
_________________________ the students.
新教师给学生留下了一个好印象。
(2)I __________________ that I‘ve seen that man before.
我觉得我以前见过那个人。
(3)The robber _____________________ his feet in the mud.强盗在烂泥里留下了他的脚印。
(4)The teacher ____________ the importance of English ______ us.老师让我们铭记(向我们强调)英语的重要性。
made a good impression on/have the impression/left an impression of/impressed on
(5)I was deeply __________________ his performance.
他的表演给我留下极深的印象。
impressed by/at/with
3.guide n.向导,指南,指导,导游,有指导意义的事物
vt.指导,管理,带领
a guide to...……的指南
guide post路标
guide sb. through/across带领某人穿越……
[即学即练3](1)Teachers should ______ the students ______ their studies.教师应当指导学生们进行学习。
(2)These philosophical views can serve as a ____________ life.这些哲学观点可以作为处世指南。
(3)He ______ the man through the streets to the railway station.他带这个人穿过街道到达火车站。
(4)I don’t know. You may look in the TV ______.
我不知道,你可以看看《电视报》。
(5)It’s an important ____________ the study of science.
这是学习科学的重要指南。
Guide in/guide in/guided/Guide/guide to
4.instant n.瞬间,刹那 adj.立即的,立刻的
in instant need of help急需救助
in an instant立刻;马上
表“一……就……”的有:
the minute/moment/second/instant, as soon as ,
instantly, immediately, directly
[即学即练4](1)I need __________________.
我需要立即回答。
(2)The injured were ________________________ help.
那些伤者急需救助。
(3)I shall be back __________________.
我马上就回来。
(4)Please send me an email ____________ you reach Sichuan.你一到四川就给我发电子邮件。
an instant reply/in instant need of/in an instant/the instant
(5)__________ I saw him I knew he was the man the police were looking for.
我一看见他就认出他正是警方在寻找的那个人。
Instantly
B5U4
1.photograph n.照片 vt.给……照相→photographer n.摄影师→photography n.摄影
5.profession n.职业;专业→professional adj.专业的;职业的 n.专业人员
12.case n.情况;病例;案例
14.demand n.需求;要求 vt.强烈要求
20.appointment n.约会;任命→appoint v.任命
5.case n. 情况;病例;案例
in case of... 假使……,万一……
in case 以防,万一
in any case 无论如何,总之
in this/that case 如果这样/那样的话,在这种/那种情况下
in no case 决不
in the case of 就……来说
as is often the case 这是常有的事
as the case may/might be 看情况,视情况而定
[即学即练5](1)__________________ people have had to wait several weeks for an appointement.
在某些情况下,人们必须等上好几周才能得到约见。
(2)____________ will be heard next week.
此案下周审理。
(3)_____________ fire, call 119.
万一发生火灾,就打119。
(4)You‘d better take the keys ____________ I’m out.
你最好带上钥匙,以防我不在家。
In some cases/The case/In case of/in case
7.demand n.要求,需要 vt.强烈要求
demand sth.要求某物
demand sth. of/from sb.向某人要求某物
demand to do要求干……
demand that...要求……(从句用虚拟语气,
即“should+动词原形”,should可省略)
be in(great) demand(迫切)需求
satisfy one’s demands满足某人的需求
[即学即练7](1)There have been ____________ the prime minister to resign.已有许多人要求首相辞职。
(2)After school Tom ___________ help _________ me.
放学后,汤姆要求我帮助。
(3)She demanded that I (______) ______ everything to her about it.她要求我把知道的整个事情都告诉她。
demands for/demanded/(from/of)/should tell
(4)Medical workers are in great _________ in that area.
那个地方非常需要医疗工作者。
(5)It’s impossible to satisfy everyone’s __________.
满足每个人的需求是不可能的。
Demand/demands
2. profession/career/occupation/job/work
(1)profession工作,一般指受过特殊训练和良好教育的职业,如医生、律师等;
(2)career尤指一生的职业,可译为“事业”;
(3)occupation职业,较正式用语,常用在填写表格上;
(4)job职业,同occupation一样为可数名词,可指一个单独任务,也可指工作职位;
(5)work工作,不可数。
[应用2] (1)Please state your ___________ here.
请把您的职业填在这里。
(2)I’ve got some ______ to do this afternoon.
我今天下午有些工作要干。
(3)He is hunting for a summer ______.
他正急着找个暑期工作。
Occupation/work/job
(4)He realized that his acting ______ was over.
他意识到自己的演艺事业结束了。
(5)My brother is a policeman by __________.
我弟弟的职业是警察。
Career/profession
B5U5
1.aid n. & vt.帮助;援助;资助
3.injury n.损伤;伤害→injure v.受伤
6.poison n.毒药;毒害 vt.毒害;使中毒→poisonous adj.有毒的
7.variety n.变化;多样(化);多变(性)→various adj.各种各样的→vary v.变化
11.symptom n.症状;征兆
17.pressure n.压力;挤压;压迫(感)
1.aid n.&vt. 援助;资助;救助
first aid 急救
give/do/offer sb. first aid
give/do/offer first aid to sb.对某人进行急救
with the aid/help of... 在……的帮助下
without sb.‘s aid/help 没有某人的帮助
go to one’s aid/help 前去帮助某人
aid sb. to do sth. 帮助某人做某事
aid sb. in/with... 为……帮助某人
[即学即练1](1)The organization offers economic____________ the Third World.
这个组织给第三世界提供经济援助。
(2)Dictionaries are ___________________ learning languages.字典对于学习语言有很大的帮助。
(3)They ______ the poor country ______ money.
他们用钱帮助那个穷国。
aid to/a great aid in/aided with
(4)His workmates ______ him ____________ the difficulty.他的工友们帮助他克服了困难。
  
Aided/to overcomeB1U5
1.quality n.质量;品质;性质
5.principle n.法则;原则;原理
9.youth n.青年;青年时期
12.violence n.暴力;暴行→violent adj.猛烈的,凶暴的
18.relative n.亲戚;亲属→relation n.关系→relationship n.关系
19.terror n.恐怖;可怕的人;恐怖时期;恐怖活动→terrorism n.恐怖主义→terrorist n.恐怖分子
20.reward n.报酬;奖金 vt.酬劳;奖赏
21.opinion n.意见;看法;主张
1.quality n. 质量;品质;性质,特征
quantity n. 数量
be of good/bad quality 好/坏的品质
be of high/poor quality 优/劣质
extra fine quality 特等
first-rate quality 一等
[即学即练1] (1)He has a watch _________________.
他有只质量好的手表。
(2)One ______ of wood is that it can burn.
木材的一个特性是可以燃烧。
(3)It's cheaper to buy goods __________________.
购物的量大就便宜一些。
of good quality/quality/in large quantities
6.reward n. 报酬;奖金;vt. 酬劳,奖赏
rewarding adj. 报答的,有益的,值得的
as a reward for 作为(对某事的)报酬/奖赏
in reward of 为酬谢……;作为奖励
reward sb. for sth./doing sth. 为(做)某事而报答某人
reward sb. with sth. 用某物奖赏某人
[即学即练6] (1)It's __________________ virtue.
那是对美德的回报。
(2)I don't expect anything ____________; I did it because I enjoyed it.
我不指望得到什么报答,我做这件事只是因为我喜欢干。
(3)They ________ the boy ______ £5 ______ bringing back the lost dog.
他们给了那个男孩五英镑,酬谢他把走失的狗送回来。
a reward for/in reward/rewarded with for
1. reward/award/prize
(1)reward 指对某人的服务或工作等的报答,也指因帮助警察抓住罪犯或帮助失主找到东西而得到的奖金、酬金。
(2)award 指为鼓励在工作中达到或完成所提出的要求或条件的人而进行的奖励,往往强调荣誉而不在乎奖品的多少。
(3)prize多指在各类竞赛、竞争或抽奖中所赢得的“奖,奖品”。
[应用1] (1)She received a medal as a ______ for her courage.她得到一枚奖章,作为对她勇敢的奖赏。
(2)A ______ was given to the person who had the winning number.奖品给了那个获得中奖号码的人。
(3)He won the ______ for the best student of the year.
他获得本年度优秀学生奖。
Reward/prize/award
B2U1
5.design n.设计;图案;构思vt.设计;计划;构思→designer n.设计者
7.jewel n.珠宝;宝石→jewellery n.珠宝(总称)
9.doubt n.怀疑;疑惑vt.怀疑;不信→doubtful adj.怀疑的
12.evidence n.根据;证据→evident adj.明显的;有线索的
14.entrance n.入口
16.debate n.争论;辩论vi.争论;辩论
2.design n.设计;图案;构思 vt. 设计;计划;构思
by design=on purpose 有意,故意
have designs on/upon sth. (money/life) 图谋(钱、生命等)
be designed for sb./sth.
be designed to do sth.
be designed as sth.为某目的或用途
而制造或计划
[即学即练2](1)They have ___________ a lot of advanced electric equipments.他们已设计了许多先进的电子设备。
(2)The experiment ________________________ the new drug.实验的目的是试验新药。
(3)These books are primarily ____________ the use of beginners.这些书主要是供初学的人使用的。
(4)She attended a school _________________________.
她就读于一所服装设计学校。
Designed/is designed to test/designed for/of dress design
4.doubt n. 怀疑;疑惑 vt. 怀疑;不信
doubtful adj. 怀疑的
beyond/out of doubt 毫无疑问地;确实地
in doubt 不肯定;不确定
no doubt 无疑地;很可能
without doubt 无疑地;确实地
I don't doubt that...我确信……
I doubt whether (if)...我怀疑是否……
There is no doubt that-clause
about...毫无疑问……
注意:doubt 在肯定句中用 whether或 if引导从句,但在疑问句和否定句中用 that引导从句。
[即学即练4](1)_____________________________ they will agree with you on this matter.
毫无疑问,他们在这件事上会同意你的意见的。
(2)_____________________________ their football team will win the match.
他们的足球队会不会赢得这场比赛还不能肯定。
(3)I don't doubt______ he can finish the task on time.
我相信他能按时完成任务。
There is no doubt that/There is some doubt whether/that
(4)I doubt___________ they can swim across the river.
我怀疑他们能否游过河去。
(5)This meeting has been, ____________ , one of the most useful we have had so far.
这无疑是我们迄今为止最有用的一次会议。
Whether/without doubt
2. jewel/jewellery
(1)jewel指“宝石,珠宝”,为可数名词。如:valuable jewels“值钱的珠宝”。它也可引申为“被珍视的东西或人”。
(2)jewellery也可写做jewelry,为不可数名词,是“珠宝”的总称。
[应用2] (1)He bought a piece of _________ for his wife.
(2)His wife is a ___________ to him.
Jewellery/jewel
B2Unit2
4.volunteer n.志愿者;志愿兵adj.志愿的;义务的(vt. & vi.)自愿→voluntary adj.自愿的,自发的
6.basis n. (pl. bases)基础;根据
7.athlete n.运动员;运动选手
8.stadium n. (pl. stadiums or stadia)(露天大型)体育场
10.responsibility n.责任;职责→responsible adj.有责任的,对……负责的
4.technology n.工艺;科技;技术→technological adj.科技的
5.revolution n.革命→revolutionary adj.革命的
6.intelligence n.智力;聪明;智能→intelligent adj.有才智的;聪明的
8.reality n.真实;事实;现实→real adj.真实的,真正的
10.finance n.金融;财经→financial adj.金融的,财政的
13.goal n.目标;目的;球门;(进球)得分
15.type n.类型 vt. & vi.打字
4.type n.类型,种类,样式 v.打字
a rare blood type罕见的血型
different racial types不同的人种
type up打印出来
[即学即练4](1)She mixes with ____________________ people.她和各种类型的人打交道。
(2)How fast can you ________________?
你打字有多快?
(3)This letter needs __________________ again.
这封信需要再打一遍。
all types of/type/to be typed
1. symbol/sign/signal/mark
均含“标志,象征,符号”之意。
(1)symbol指作象征或表达某种深邃意蕴的特殊事物。
(2)sign普通用词,指人们公认的事物的记号,也可指某种情况的征兆。
(3)signal指为某一目的而有意发出的信号。
(4)mark普通用词,含义广泛。既可指为便于辨认而有意做的标记,又可指自然形成的标记或有别于其他事物的特征。
[应用1] (1)Red cross is a ______ for hospital.
(2)A red light is usually a _________ of danger.
(3)Make a ______ where you don’t understand.
(4)Are dark clouds a ______ of rain
(5)A dove(鸽子) is a ______________ for peace.
Sign/signal/mark/sign/symbleX6U1
2.faith n.信任;信心;信念→faithful adj.忠实的→faithfully adv.忠实地
3.aim n.目标;目的 vi. & vt.瞄准;(向某方向)努力
7.coincidence n.巧合(的事);(事情、口味、故事等)相合→coincident adj.同时发生的;同一时间发生的
8.attempt n.努力;尝试;企图 vt.尝试;企图
11.exhibition n.展览;陈列;展览会
12.preference n.喜爱;偏爱→prefer v.喜爱
14.civilization n.文明;文化;文明社会→civilize v.使文明;使开化
X6U2
5.pattern n.模式;式样;图案
7.branch n.枝条;支流;部门
10.sorrow n.悲伤;悲痛;懊悔→sorrowful adj.悲伤的
12.exchange n.交换;交流;互换 vt. & vi.调换;交换
13.sponsor n.赞助人;主办者;倡议者 vt.发起;举办;倡议
14.load n.负担;负荷物(尤指沉重的)
4.exchange n.交换;交流;互换
vt. & vi.调换;交换
exchange sth. for sth.以……换取……
exchange sth. with sb.和某人交换某物
in exchange for交换
make an exchange交换
exchange words争吵;吵架
[即学即练4](1)I took his camera ______ __________ ______my watch.我用我的手表换他的相机。
(2)They have offered to release the reporters, but what do they want ______ ____________?
他们提出可以释放记者,但他们想要什么作为交换?
(3)He ___________ an apple ______ an orange.
他用一个苹果换了一个橘子。
(4)Shall I ___________ seats ______ you
我和你换一下座位好吗?
In exchange for/in exchange/exchanged for /exchange with
5.load n. 负担,负荷物(尤指沉重的)
v. 装载,加重,把弹药装入(枪炮)
take a load off one‘s mind 打消某人的顾虑
a load of/loads of 很多的
a heavy load for sb. 对某人来说是一种重荷
load sth./ sb. with sth. 用……装载……/使负担
load sth. into/onto sb. /sth. 把……装入(到)……/使负担
load up (使)载满
load off one’s mind 消除某人的思想负担
[即学即练5](1)The truck is carrying ______ ______ ______ apples.那辆卡车运载着苹果。
(2)Her mother‘s recovery ______ ______ ______ ______ her mind.她妈妈的康复使她心中卸下重担。
(3)The truck ______ ______ ______ bananas.
那卡车装载着香蕉。
(4)He helped me to ______ my furniture ______ the truck.他帮我把家具装上车。
a load of/took a load off/was loaded with/load onto
提示:与load 有关的合成词
overload (使)超载    autoload 自动加载
unload 卸货,卸载,退子弹 carload 车载量
download 下载(计算机用语) workload 工作量
upload 上传(计算机用语)
X6U3
1.abuse n. & vt.滥用;虐待
2.stress n.压力;重音 vt.加压力于;使紧张→stressful adj.产生压力的;紧张的→stressed adj.焦虑不安的
3.adolescent n.青少年 adj.青春期的→adolescence n.青春期
11.effect n.结果;效力
16.judgement n.看法;判决;判断→judge v.判断
2.stress n. 重压,压力;逼迫,重音;重点;着重;强调 vt. 着重;强调
stressful adj. 紧张的,压力重的
stressed adj. 焦虑的,紧张的,无法放松的
a stressful job/situation/lifestyle
繁重的工作/艰难的处境/紧张的生活方式
stress that.../sth. 强调……
in the stress of the moment 一时紧张
time of stress 危难之际,非常时期
lay/place/put stress on... 把重点放在……上
under the stress of... 为……所迫
[即学即练2](1)________ and rhythm are important in speaking English.说英语时重音和节奏都很重要。
(2)We must ______ _________ ______ self reliance.
我们必须强调自力更生。
Stress/lay stress on
(3)The English curriculum should _________ both composition and reading.英语课程对写作和阅读应同样重视。
(4)Worrying over his job and his wife‘s health ______ him ______ ______ ______ ________.忧虑自己的工作及妻子的健康问题使他处于极大的压力之下。
Stress/put under a great stress
6.effect n.结果;效力
effective adj.有效的;醒目的
have an effect on影响
put/bring sth. into effect实施,实行,使生效
come into effect/take effect(法律、规则或制度)生效;实施
in effect实际上
[即学即练6](1)Inflation is _________ ______ _________ ______ ______ the economy.
通货膨胀正在给经济带来灾难性的影响。
(2)It won’t be easy to ______ the changes ______ ______.把这些变化落到实处不是件容易的事。
(3)The new tax rates ______ ______ ______ from April.
新的税率从四月起生效。
Having a disastrous effect on/put into effect/come into effect
X6U4
1.phenomenon n.现象→phenomena pl.
3.quantity n.量;数量→quality n.质量;品质
5.trend n.趋势;倾向;走向
7.consequence n.结果;后果;影响
9.range n.种类;范围
14.circumstance n.环境;情况
16.contribution n.贡献→contribute v.贡献
1.quantity n. 量;数量
a large quantity of... 许多;大量(可数;不可数)
quantities of... 许多;大量
in quantity/large quantities 批量;大量
[即学即练1](1)There ______ only a small quantity of wine left.只剩下很少一点酒了。
(2)Large quantities of clothes and food ______ provided for the earthquake areas.向地震灾区提供了大量的衣物和食品。
(3)The government has been buying silver ______ ______ __________.政府一直在购进大量白银。
Is/are/in great quantities
答案:提示:a large quantity of/quantities of 后可以跟可数名词也可跟不可数名词。如果该短语做主语,前者谓语动词的单复数要依据所修饰名词的单复数形式而定,后者无论其后的名词可数或不可数,谓语动词都用复数。
5.range n. 种类,范围,幅度,界限
v. (在一定范围内)变动,变化;排列
a wide range of 一系列……
a full range of 各种……
in/within range 在射程以内,在……范围内
beyond/out of range 在射程外,在……范围外
in/out of the range of 在/超出……范围
out of one‘s range 某人能力达不到的,某人知识以外的
range from...to... 在……范围内变动,包括由……
到……之间的各类事物
range between...and... 在……和……范围内变动
[即学即练5](1)The child was now ______ ______ ______ ______ of vision.
这孩子现在走出了她的视线。
(2)There is ______ ______ ______ ______ activities for children.有给孩子们提供的各种活动。
(3)Estimates of the damage ______ ________ $1 million ______ $5 million. 估计损失在100万到500万美元之间。
Out of her range/a full range of/range between and
(4)She has had a number of different jobs, _________ ______ chef ______ swimming instructor.
她做过许多不同的工作,从厨师到游泳教练。
Ranging from to
7.average n. 平均数,一般,中等 adj. 平均的,一般的,中等的vi. 平均(达到),平均为
the average of... ……的平均数
above/below (the) average 在一般水准以上/下
on (the/an) average 按平均数计算
up to (the) average 达到水准
average out... 算出……的平均数
be of average height/intelligence 中等个子/智力
[即学即练7](1)Parents spend ______ ________ ______ $200 a year on toys for their children.
父母给孩子买玩具的花费每年平均为200美元。
(2)Economic growth is expected to ________ 2% next year.
明年经济增长预计平均可达2%。
(3)________ earnings are around £20000.
平均收入约为2万英镑
An average of/average/Average
X6U5
1.volcano n.火山
6.wave n.波浪;波涛 vi.波动;起伏;挥手
8.suit n.一套外衣;套装;vt.适合;使适宜→suitable adj.合适的
9.potential n.潜在性;可能性;潜能 adj.可能的;潜在的
15.appreciation n.欣赏;感激;感谢→appreciate vt.欣赏;感激
2.suit n.一套外衣;套装 vt.适合;使适宜
suit sth. to sth.使某物适合于另一事物
be suited for/to...适合……
be suitable for sb./sth.适合于某人/某物
be suitable to do sth.适合做某事
[即学即练2](1)Would it ________ you to come at five
你五点钟来行吗?
(2)If you want to go by bus, that ______ me ______.
如果你想坐公共汽车,那对我很方便。
(3)______ the punishment ______ the crime, I say.
喂,要按罪量刑。
Suit/suits fine/Suit to
(4)He and his wife ______ ______ ______ ______ each other.
他和妻子十分般配。
(5)The house ______ not really _________ ______ a large family.
这所房子确实不适合大家庭居住。
Are well suited to/is suitable for
4.panic n. 惊慌,恐慌 vi. 十分恐慌
vt. 使恐慌 (panicked; panicked)
be in (a) panic 在惊慌中
be seized with a panic 惊慌失措
a moment of panic 一时惊慌
cause a panic 引起恐慌
in a state of panic 惊恐之状
panic over sth. 对某事感到惊慌
panic sb. into doing sth. 使某人仓促行动
[即学即练4](1)The crowd ran out ______ ______ ______.群众惊慌失措地跑出去。
(2)She ______ ______ ______ ______ when her teacher walked towards her.
当她见到老师向她走来时,她变得惊慌失措。
(3)The idea might ______ the investors.
这个想法可能会使投资者惶恐不安。
Ia panic/got into a panic/panicB5Unit4
1.protection n.保护→protect v.保护→protective adj.保护的,防护的
3.loss n.损失;遗失;丧失→lose v.遗失,丢失→loser n.输家;失败者→lost adj.遗失的,失去的
2. affect/effect/influence
(1)affect 常做及物动词,“影响,感动,感染”。
(2)effect 常做名词,“结果,效果,作用,影响”,常用于词组:have an effect on/upon sb. 对……有影响,take effect 生效,实行,come/go into effect 开始生效,开始实施。
(3)influence 可做动词也可做名词,表示“影响、感染”的意思时,是指使思想、行为、性质或发展和成长等发生变化的影响。它可以指坏的影响,也可以指好的影响,这种影响常常是潜移默化的。
[应用2] (1)Probably we ______________ each other.
(2)To _________ a policy is to have an _________ on it.
Influenced/(affect/effect)
B2unit5
6.instrument n.工具;器械;乐器
7.passer?by n.过路人;行人→passers?by (pl.)
9.broadcast n.广播;播放 vi. & vt.广播;播放
B3unit1
2.origin n.起源;由来;起因→original adj.原来的
3.religion n.宗教→religious adj.宗教上的;信奉宗教的;虔诚的
4.belief n.信任;信心;信仰
6.independence n.独立;自主→independent adj.独立的;自主的
9.award n.奖;奖品 vt.授予;判定
10.admire vt.赞美;钦佩;羡慕→admiration n.羡慕
12.custom n.习惯;风俗
13.permission n.许可;允许→permit vt.允许n.许可证;执照
15.sadness n.悲哀;悲伤→sad adj.悲哀的;悲伤的
1.trick n.诡计;恶作剧;花招;窍门 vt.哄骗,欺骗
trick or treat 不送礼物就捣乱(万圣节前夕孩子们
挨户要礼物的用语)
play a trick on sb.捉弄某人
have a trick of doing sth. 有做某事的习惯
trick sb. into doing sth. 哄骗某人做某事
trick sb. out of sth. 骗取某人某物
[即学即练1](1)John taught me ________________________ opening a bottle of wine.
约翰教会了我打开酒瓶盖的窍门。
(2)The children loved to ________________________ their teacher.这些孩子好跟他们的老师玩恶作剧。
(3)She ______ me _________________ for her meal at the restaurant.她在饭馆里骗我替她付了饭钱。
the trick of/play tricks on/(tricked/into paying)
B3uint2
1.diet n.日常饮食 vi.节食
4.curiosity n.好奇心→curious adj.好奇的
7.customer n.顾客;消费者
8.discount n.折扣
9.weakness n.缺点;虚弱;弱点→weak adj.虚弱的→weaken v.使变弱
10.strength n.力;力量;强项;长处→strengthen v.加强,强化
13.debt n.债;债务
15.limit n.界限;限度 vt.限制;限定→limited adj.有限的
16.benefit n.利益;好处 vt. & vi.有益于;有助于;受益→beneficial adj.有利的,有益的
1.diet n.日常饮食 vi. 节食
be/go on a diet
put sb. on a diet用规定的食谱,控制饮食
a diet of sth. 多得令人生厌的事物
[即学即练1] (1)___________________________ is not good for you.太油腻的食物对你不利。
(2)The doctors all suggest I _______________________ .医生们都建议我节食。
Too rich a diet/go on a diet
比较:diet 既可指习惯上常用的食品,又可指规定的食物,特指维持健康的定质定量的食物;food是“食物”的一般用语,指任何能吃的且有营养的东西。
5.limit n.界限;限度 v.限制;限定
limited adj. 有限的
limitation n. 限制;限制条件,不足之处
go beyond/over the limit 超过限度
within limits 在一定范围内;有限度的
within the limits of 在……的范围内
without limit 无限(制)地
set a limit to sth. 对……规定限度
be limited to sth. 受限制于……
limit sth. to sth. 把……限定在……的范围内
[即学即练5](1)I've ____________________ 1 000 calories a day to try to lose weight.
我试着减肥,限定自己每天摄入1 000卡的热量。
(2)A wise man knows his own ______________.
人贵有自知之明。
(3)As we all know, a person's life is ______, but knowledge is _________________.
=As we all know, there is ____________________ a person's life but ____________________ knowledge.
我们都知道,人的生命是有限的,而知识却是无限的。
limited myself to/limitations/(limited/unlimited)/a limit to/no limit to
6.benefit n.利益,实惠;优越性
vt.&vi.得益;使……受益
benefit sb./someplace 使某人/某地受益
benefit from/by sth.
receive/gain benefit from sth.得益于某事
be of great/much benefit to sb.
=be very beneficial to sb. 对某人有好处
for the benefit of...为了帮助……;为了……的利益
[即学即练6](1)The new hospital will ________the entire community.这所新医院将使整个社区受益。
(2)I __________ much ______ my father's advice.
我从父亲的建议中获益颇多。
(3)Moderate exercise will be _______________________ you.适度运动对你有很多益处。
(4)She went there _______________________________ her health.她为了健康而去了那里。
Benefit/benefited from/of much benefit to/for the benefit of
1. strength/force/energy/power
(1)strength 指固有的潜力。说人时,指“力气”;说物时,指“强度”。也可指“强项,长处”。
(2)force 主要指自然界的力量,暴力,势力以及法律、道德或感情的力量,军事的力量等。
(3)energy 主要指人的精力或自然界的能量。
(4)power 主要指做一件事所依靠的能力、功能;也可指人或机器等事物潜在的或所能发挥出来的力量;还可指职权、权力或政权。
[应用1] 用 energy/power/force和 strength 填空。
(1)Many countries are increasing their use of natural gas, wind and other forms of __________.
(2)The party came to __________ at the last election.
(3)Gandi insisted on winning independence by peaceful struggles, not by ___________.
(4)Bill was doing a lot of physical exercise to build up his ___________.
Energy/power/force/strength
B3Unit3
1.adventure n.奇遇;冒险→adventurer n.冒险家→adventurous adj.喜欢冒险的
2.scene n.(戏剧)一场;现场;场面;景色
4.pavement n.人行道
7.passage n.船费(包括食宿);通道;(一)段
10.patience n.耐性;忍耐→patient adj. & n.有耐心的;病人
11.contrary n.反面;对立面adj.相反的;相违的→contrarily adv.相反地
12.envelope n.信封
14.amount n.数量
15.manner n.礼貌;举止;方式
1.scene n. (戏剧)一场;现场;场面;景色
the scene of the crime 犯罪现场
behind the scenes 暗中,秘密地,在幕后
(come) on the scene 出现,到场,在场
set the scene (为……)作好准备,(为……)设置舞台
[即学即练1](1)Our reporter was the first person_________________________(到现场).
(2)The rocking boats along the river bank___________________________(构成一道美丽的风景).
(3)The boy led his mother to _________________________________________(事故现场).
on the scene/make a beautiful scene/the scene of the accident
4.account n. 说明;理由;计算;账目;报道
vi. & vt. 认为;说明;总计有
account for 说明(原因等);作出解释
on account of 由于,因为
on no account 决不(置于句首时,句子用部分倒装)
on any account 无论如何
take account of=take...into consideration 考虑……
keep an account of 记录,记载
[即学即练4](1)He could not _______________ his foolish mistake.
他无法解释他所犯的愚蠢错误。
(2)Give us ________________________ what happened.
跟我们说一下到底发生了什么。
(3)She retired early ______________________ ill health.
她体弱多病,所以提前退休。
(4)The company _____________________ environmental issues wherever possible.只要有可能,这家公司会考虑到环境问题。
account for/an account for/on account of/takes account of
提示:表示否定意义的 on no account 放在句首时,句子应用部分倒装。如:On no account should you go there. 你绝对不可以到那里去。
1. scene/scenery/view/sight
(1)scene 指展现在眼前的情景,也可以指 scenery 的一部分,指某处小范围的景色,大多包括景物中的人及活动,可译为“情景”“景色”“场面”“(戏剧)一场”。
(2)scenery是总称,指大范围的自然风光,是由多个 scene 构成的景色,常译为“景色”“风景”。
(3)view 是指人从一定的角度(或从远处或从高处等)所看到的景象,还有“观点”“看法”等意思。
(4)sight是眼睛所看到的景象,可以指美丽的风景,也可以指悲惨的景象,其复数形式 sights 表示“名胜古迹,人文景观”等。
[应用1] 用 scene, scenery, view, sight的适当形式填空。
(1)As we climbed higher, a wonderful ______ opened out before us.
(2)The next day we returned to the ______ of the accident.
(3)The ______ of the play is a kitchen.
(4)The Great Wall is one of the most breathtaking ______ in the world.
(5)The autumn __________ of Beijing is charming.
(6)Do you remember the ______ in the play where Susan meets Alan for the first time
View/scene/scene/sights/scenery/scene
2. manner/method/way/means
这四个词均有“方法;方式”的意思。
(1)manner指个人的、独特的或有特色的“方法;方式”,常与in连用。
(2)method指合理的或系统的“方法”,包括抽象的观念和具体的步骤,如为完成教学、调查、医疗等各项工作而采取的一系列步骤或方法,常与with连用。
(3)means指为达到某种目的而采取的“手段”或“方法”,常与by连用。
(4)way为普通用语,可以代替method, manner或means,但way更富有表达力,常与in连用。
[应用2] (1)He invented a new __________ of teaching English.
(2)I don’t like his ___________ of walking.
(3)There is/are no ____________ of getting there.
(4)You can finish it by this _______________.
(5)There are a lot of ________________ to make friends.
Method/manner/means/means/ways
B3unit4
1.astronomy n.天文学→astronomer n.天文学家
2.system n.系统;体系;制度
3.theory n.学说;理论→theoretical adj.理论上的
4.globe n.球体;地球仪;地球→global adj.全球性的;全世界的
6.atmosphere n.大气层;气氛
8.presence n.出席;到场;存在→present adj. & n. & v.在场的;目前,现在;出席;颁发,授予
11.puzzle n.谜;难题vt. & vi.(使)迷惑;(使)为难→puzzled adj.迷惑的→puzzling adj.令人迷惑的
12.gravity n.万有引力;重力
13.satellite n.卫星;人造卫星
14.climate n.气候
15.spaceship n.宇宙飞船
16.pull n. & vt.拉(力);拖;牵引力
18.mass n.质量;团;块;大量;(复)群众
B3unit5
1.minister n.大臣;部长
3.scenery n.景色;风景
9.border n.边界;国界;边沿 vt. & vi.与……接壤;接近
14.distance n.距离;远方→distant adj.远的,远方的
17.tradition n.传统;风俗→traditional adj.传统的
2.measure n. [U] 量度,测量,尺寸;[C]措施
vt.&vi.测量,丈量,计量
make clothes to one‘s own measure 量体裁衣
by measure 按尺寸
take measures (steps) to do sth.采取措施
beyond measure 无法估量,极度,过分
be measured in 以……来计算
[即学即练2](1) We must ______ ____________ _________ to solve these problems one by one.
我们必须采取必要的措施逐个解决问题。
(2) This room ___________ 6 metres by 4.
这个房间有6米长,4米宽。
(3)Did you __________ the distance between those two development areas
你们测量了那两个开发区之间的距离了吗?
Take necessary measures/measures/measure
3.within prep. 在……之内;不越出
within reach 够得着
within sight 在视线范围内
within one‘s power 力所能及
within an hour 一小时内
within call 在附近;随叫随到
within reason 理智地;合理地
[即学即练3](1)You should receive a reply ______ ______ ______.你会在七天内收到答复。
(2)It wasn't ______ ______ ______ to help her.
帮助她并非我力所能及的事。
within seven days/within my power
4.border n. 边界;国界;边沿 vt. &vi. 与……接壤;接近
a border town 边境城市
the border of the lake 湖边
on the border of 将要,接近于,在……的边界上
border on sth. 接近某物,毗邻某物;几乎相同;近似
[即学即练4](1)France ________ Germany ______ parts of the Rhine.法国沿莱茵河部分河段与德国接壤。
(2)She felt an anxiety ___________ ______ hysteria.
她感觉到一种近乎歇斯底里的焦虑。
(3)The large garden ______ __________ ______ a stream.
大花园紧临着一条小溪。
Borders along/bordering on/is bordered by
6.distance n. 距离;远方;遥远;疏远 v. 不介入;与……疏远
distant adj. 遥远的;远处的;久远的
at a distance 隔一段距离;距离稍远
in the distance 在远方
out of distance from 离……太远,达不到
keep sb. at a distance 对……冷淡,与……疏远
keep one‘s distance from 与……保持距离
distance yourself from 不介入;与……疏远
[即学即练6](1)I don't know ______ _________(距离) from Beijing to Shanghai.
(2)The hospital is ______ ______ (不远) at all.
(3)The oil painting looks better ______ ______ ______(远看起来).
(4)______ ______ ___________(从远处),I would see them waving their hands.
(5)I can see a light ______ ______ _________(在远处).
the distance/not distant/at a distance/in the distance