数词

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名称 数词
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更新时间 2012-02-15 14:42:31

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数词
复习教案 胡琳
复习目标:
1.数词的概念
2.数词的分类
3.数词的句法功能
4.数词的应用
学法: 阅读、观察、实践
所需课时:2
情感目标Ten thousand years is too long, seize the day seize the hour.一万年太久,只争朝夕
教学步骤:
一· 基数词
表示数目或数量多少的词叫基数词。
1· 基数词的构成
1)1~12单独记:
1 one 2 two 3 three 4 four 5 five 6 six 7 seven 8 eight 9 nine 10 ten 11 eleven 12 twelve
2)13~19词尾为teen:
13 thirteen  14 fourteen 15 fifteen 16 sixteen 17 seventeen 18 eighteen 19 nineteen
3)20,30,40等逢十的单词词尾为ty:
20 twenty 30 thirty 40 forty 50 fifty
60 sixty 70 seventy 80 eighty 90 ninety
4) 21~99 在十位数和个位数之间加连字符构成
73 seventy-three 88 eighty-eight
5)101~999 先说几百,再加and,再加末尾两位数(或末尾数)。如:
178 one hundred and seventy-eight
238 two hundred and thirty-eight 909 nine hundred and nine
6) 1000以上的数词,先从后往前数,每三位用一个“,”隔开,第一个“,”表示thousand(千),第二个“,”表示million(百万),第三个“,”表示billion(美语中的十亿),或thousand million (英国用法),然后一节一节用几百几十几的方法表示。在这类数词中 hundred, thousand, million, billion等词一般都用单数形式。如:
1,004 one thousand and four
23,547 twenty-three thousand, five hundred and forty-seven
18,657,421 eighteen million, six hundred and fifty-seven thousand four hundred and twenty-one
4,000,000,000 four billion
2 ·基数词的用法
1) 基数词在句子中作主语、主语补足语、宾语、定语。例如:
Thirteen is regarded as an unlucky number in western culture.
(西方文化中,13被认为是不吉利的数字。)
Two plus two is four.(2加2等于4。)
They asked five of us to help the old man.(他们请我们中的5个去帮助老人。)
There are eight people in the picture.(图画里有8个人。)
Thousands of visitors have been to the famous train museum.
(成千上万的访客参观过这座有名的火车博物馆。)
2)在表示具体数目时,hundred, thousand, million等用单数;在表示“数百”“数千”“数万”等不确定数目时,在hundreds, thousands , millions等后接“of+名词复数”。如:
The Green Wall is over six thousand kilometers long. 长城有六千多米长。
Those mountains are thousands of metres high. 那些山有数千米高。
Many thousands of trees must be planted every year.每年必须种植数千棵树。
Four hundred years ago, the number was over 500 million.四百年前,数量是五亿多。
3)表示“几十”的基数词的复数形式,可用来表示某人的岁数或年代。如:
He went to the United States in his twenties.
This took place in the 1960s.(或in the 1960’s)
注意:“十几岁”要用in one’s teens 来表示,不能说in one’s tens.
3.基数词的位置
1) 位于another, all 之后。如:
Can you have another two cakes 你能再吃两块蛋糕吗?
The boy lost all the five pencils last week. 这孩子上周把5支铅笔全丢了。
2)位于such和more之前。如:
I can finish reading two such books in two days.我能在两周之内读完两本这样的书。
二.序数词
表示数目顺序的词叫序数词。
1·序数词的构成
1)序数词第一~十九中,除第一(first),第二( second),第三( third),第五(fifth),第八(eighth),第九(ninth),第十二(twelfth)有特殊形式外,其余均由基数词词尾加后缀th构成。例如:
four→ fourth seven → seventh ten →tenth eleven →eleventh thirteen → thirteenth eighteen → eighteenth nineteen → nineteenth
2)整十的序数词的构成方法是:将词尾y 变为ie ,再加th. 例如: twenty → twentieth thirty → thirtieth forty → fortieth fifty → fiftieth
sixty → sixtieth seventy → seventieth eighty → eightieth ninety → ninetieth
3)将几十几变成序数词时,只把个位数变成序数词,十位数不变。如:
thirty-six → thirty-sixth ninety-eight →ninety-eighth
4)hundred, thousand, million, billion 的序数词则直接在词尾加th构成。如果是多
位数,则前边的数用基数词,末尾数用序数词。 例如:
two hundred → two hundredth three thousand → three thousandth fifty thousand → fifty thousandth two thousand and two → two thousand and second one hundred and ninety-nine →one hundred and ninety-ninth
5)序数词的缩写形式是由阿拉伯数字加上序数词的最后两个字母构成的。如:
first 1st second 2nd third 3rd  fourth 4th  ninth 9th   twelfth 12th twenty-first 21st   one hundred and fifty-third 153rd    forty-fifth 45th
2. 序数词的用法
1)序数词在使用时,一般需在前面加定冠词the,序数词在句子中作定语,放在被修饰名词前。 例如:
The first lesson is more difficult than the first.
That man won the first prize.
2)序数词前加不定冠词a/an,表示“再一”“又一”。如:
Try it a second time.
He cast it a third time, and drew in a lot of stones.
If it failed, I’d try a seventh time.
3)给东西编号时,序号在前时用序数词表示,序号在后时用基数词表示。如:
the Fifth lesson /Lesson Five   No.14 Middle School
三.分数小数和百分数
1.分数表示法。分子用基数词。分母用序数词,中间可以有连字符连接,也可以没有;分子是1,分母用单数;分子大于1,分母用复数。如:
one fourth或a quarter three fourths或three-fourths
a half 或one half one and one fifth
注意: 不说one second
2.小数表示法。小数点应该读作point,小数点前的数用基数词表示,小数点后的数字则逐一读出。如:
0.04 zero point zero four      3.14 three point one four
9.8 nine point eight        12.35 twelve point five
3.百分数用percent/per cent表示。如:
50% fifty percent 100% one hundred percent
3% three percent 0.35% zero point five per cent
四.年份、月份、日期、时刻 ,
1.年份 四位数常分两组来读 例如:
1980 读作 nineteen eighty (1980年)   1700 读作 seventeen hundred (1700年)
2003 读作 two thousand and three(2003年) 1990s 读作 nineteen nineties (1990年代)
333 B.C. 读作 three hundred and three B.C. 或 three  thirty three              B.C.(公元前333年)
566 A.D. 读作 five hundred and six A.D. 或five sixty six A.D. 公元566年)
2.月份 月份的读法如下:例如:
January 一月 February 二月 March 三月 April 四月    May 五月 June 六月 July 七月 August 八月 September 九月 October 十月 November 十一月  December 十二月
3.日期 日期用序数词表示  日期的读法通常如下:例如:
July 3rd 读作 July the third    November 25 读作  November the twenty-fifth
December 1st读作 December the first
世纪也用序数词表示,如:the 20th century
4 .时刻
时刻有两种读法:一是直接读数字,先读钟点数,后读分钟数;二是用介词past表示几点过几分(不超过半小时)或用to表示差几分几点(超过半小时,还差多少分钟到下一个钟点),这时先读分钟数,后读钟点数。如:
4:10 four ten / ten past four      5:15 five fifteen / a quarter past five
7:30 seven thirty / half past seven 3:35 three thirty five / twenty-five to four
7:45 seven forty-five / a quarter to eight
注意:房间号码和电话号码要一个一个分别读。如:
Room 203 读作 room two o three
8922678 读作 eight nine double two six seven eight
五.数词的应用
1.表示倍数
表示两倍用twice,表示三或三以上的倍数用基数词加times。如:
This room is twice as large as that one. (这个房间是那个房间的两倍大。)
This computer is three times more expensive than that one.(这台电脑比那台电脑贵两倍。)
2.表示算式
2+3:two plus three   7-2:seven minus two
3.表示货币
1.50: one yuan fifty fen
£ 4.36: four pounds thirty-six pence
﹩ 9.25: nine dollars twenty-five cents
4.几个与数目有关的词语
half 一半 several, a few 几个 a dozen 一打    some dozen 十几 a score 二十 dozens 几十      several hundred 几百
5.其他特殊表示法
数词前加every,表示“每一段时间或每隔一段时间“。
每10天/ 每隔9天 every ten days
every ninth day
每四周/每隔3周 every four weeks
every third week
活学巧练
( )1.Nine___pounds a week That’s very good.
A. hundred of  B. hundreds of  C. hundreds D. hundred
( )2. Our summer holiday is coming. Two___ the students in out school will go to the beach.
A. hundred B. hundreds   C. hundred of D. hundreds of
( ) 3.— Do you have enough men to carry these chairs
— No. I think we need___ men
A. another B. two others  C. more two D. two more
( ) 4.The building has ___ floors. They live on the___ floor.
A. ninth, last   B. nine, nine  C. nine, ninth    D. nine, tenth
( ) 5, The ___ month of the year is February.
A. one      B. first    C. two     D. second
( )6. I think that the __century will bring us more hopes.
A. twenty-one   B. twentiety-first C. twenty-first D. twentieth-one
( )7. Now let me have__.
A. the third try  B. a third try   C. third try D. this third try
( )8.About__of the books in our school library are written in Chinese.
A. four-fifth B. four-fifths   C. fourth-fifths D. fourths-fifth
( )9. — What time is it
— It’s___(2:40)
A. forty past two B. two past forty  C. twenty to three  D. twenty to two
( )10.The Olympic Games are held___.
A. every four years B. every four year C. every fourth years D. every four-years
Keys: 1-5 DCDCD 6-10 CBBCA
课后反思: