牛津译林版英语七年级下Unit 4 Finding your way Grammar冠词+介词讲解和练习（含答案）

冠词
考向一：冠词的分类
分类
说明
例子
不定冠词
a
用于以辅音音素开头的单词前
a
gift
一份礼物，a
plane
一架飞机，
a
useful
book
一本有用的书
an
用于以元音音素开头的单词前
an
hour
一小时，an
apple
一个苹果，
an
honest
girl
一个诚实的女孩
定冠词
the
只有一种形式，一般用于特指
the
pen
you
write
with
你写字的钢笔，the
Chinese
movie
那部中国影片
考向二：冠词的基本用法
一、
不定冠词a、an的用法
序号
用法
例句
1
用于第一次提到的某人或某物前
This
is
a
book.这是一本书
2
用于泛指人或事物的某一类别
A
plane
is
an
machine
that
can
fly.飞机是一种能飞的机器
3
用于泛指某人或某物
A
girl
is
waiting
for
you.一个女孩正在等你
4
用于表示时间、速度、价格等意义的名词之前，有“每一”的意思，相当于every。
two
kilometres
an
hour每小时两千米；five
lessons
a
week每周五节课；twice
a
month
每月两次
5
用于某些物质名词、抽象名词、专有名词前，表示“一场，一次，一顿，一件等”
A
heavy
rain
fell
yesterday.
昨天下了一场大雨。
His
new
book
was
a
great
success.他的新书获得了巨大的成功。
7
用于一些固定搭配中
in
a
hurry匆忙地，a
little
/a
few/
a
bit一点儿have
a
good
time玩得高兴，a
number
of许多……
【易错警示】
1.
有些单词虽然是以元音字母开头，但是却发元音，因此其前用不定冠词a，如：university，European，one-eye，usual等。
2.
有些单词虽然是以辅音字母开头，但是却发元音，因此其前用不定冠词an，如：hour，honest，honor，umbrella，unusual等。
1.What
________
nice
day!
Let's
go
for
a
picnic.
A.
a
B.
an
C.
the
D.
/
2.[2020?黑龙江绥化]You
should
take
__________
umbrella
with
you
in
England,
even
on
__________
sunny
day.
A.
a；a
B.
an；a
C.
a；an
D.an；an
3.It’s
an
unusual
thing
for
_____
8-year-old
girl
to
find
_____
UFO.
A.
a;
a
B.
an;
a
C.
a;
an
D.
an;
an
二、定冠词the的用法
特指某人或某物。
The
students
in
our
school
study
hard.
指双方都知道的人和事。
Who
is
the
girl
under
the
tree?
指上文提到过的人和物
I
bought
a
bike
yesterday.
The
bike
is
blue.
用在表示方位的名词或世上独一无二的事物。
I
like
the
picture
on
the
right
best.
The
sun
gives
us
light
and
heat.
用在姓氏复数形式之前，表示一家人或夫妇。
The
Greens
are
having
dinner.
用在序数词或形容词最高级之前。
The
first
month
of
the
year
is
January.
用在形容词前，表示“一类人或物”。
The
rich
should
help
the
poor.
用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前。
The
Great
Wall
长城
The
Pacific
Ocean
太平洋
用在乐器名词前
She
is
playing
the
piano.
用在固定定语中
in
the
morning
在早上
in
the
afternoon
在下午
in
the
evening
在晚上
go
to
the
cinema
去看电影
in
the
world
在世界上
all
the
year
round
一年到头
on
the
way
to
在去……去的路上
at
the
age
of
在……岁时
1.
【2020?新疆维吾尔自治区(建设兵团)中考】—
The
photo
makes
me
think
of
________
trip
to
Hangzhou
last
year.
—
Yeah,
we
had
________
great
time
there.
A.
a;
/
B.
an;
the
C.
the;
the
D.
the;
a
2.
【2020?
重庆A卷中考】Look!
There
are
so
many
stars
in
________sky.
A.
a
B.
an
C.
the
D.
/
三、
零冠词的情况
序号
情况
例句
1
在某些专有名词，如人名、地名、国家名等
China
is
a
great
country.中国是一个伟大的国家。
2
季节、月份、星期、节日、假日等名词前
Winter
is
my
favourite
season
because
I
can
make
snowmen.
冬天是我最喜爱的季节，因为我可以堆雪人。
June
1
is
Children’s
Day.
六月一日是儿童节。
注意：若特指某年的某个月份或某年的某个季节，则需要在月份、季节前加the：The
event
happened
in
the
spring
of
1932
3
表示泛指的复数名词前
Books
are
our
friends.
书是我们的朋友。
4
一日三餐的名词前
I
go
to
school
without
breakfast.
我没有吃早餐就去上学
5
球类运动、棋类的名词前
My
father
often
plays
chess
with
me
when
he
is
free.
我父亲有空的时候经常和我下棋。
6
表示独一无二的职位、头指、称呼的名词前
He
was
elected
the
chairman
of
the
committee.
他破选举为委员会主席。
7
表示学科、科学的名词前
I
was
not
good
at
physics
when
I
was
in
the
middle
school.
当我上初中时，我物理学得不好。
8
有物主代词、指示代词、不定代词等限定词修饰的名词前
Miss
Zhang
is
our
English
teacher.
张老师是我们的英语老师。
Some
kids
entered
the
park
through
that
door.
一些孩子从那扇门进入了公园。
9
与by连用的交通工具名词前
Tom
went
to
America
by
ship.
汤姆是坐船去的美国。
Did
you
send
the
file
by
email?
你是用电子邮件发送的文件吗？
10
某些固定搭配中不用冠词
all
night
在晚上，at
first
起初，on
time
按时，in
fact
事实上，at
home在家里，go
to
bed
上床睡觉，after
school放学后，
[2020?
四川凉山州中考]Bruce
likes
playing
___________
soccer.
so
his
father
bought
him
___________
soccer
ball.
a;
an
B.
the;
a
C.
/;
the
D.
/;
a
考向三：易混易错
常用短语中的不定冠词
have
a
try
试一下
have
a
good
time
玩得高兴
have
a
look
看一看
have
a
headache
头痛
wait
a
moment
等一会
at
a
time
每次
2.有定冠词和无定冠词短语的区别
1.
go
to
school
去上学
go
to
the
school
到学校去
2.
in
front
of
...
在…（外部的）前面
in
the
front
of
在…（内部的）前面
3.
be
in
hospital
因病住院
be
in
the
hospital
在医院里
4.
by
sea
乘船
by
the
sea
在大海旁
5.
in
class
上课
in
the
class
在班级里
6.
in
future
今后
in
the
future
将来
7.in
hospital
生病住院
in
the
hospital
在医院里
C
1.________
old
man
behind
Mary
is
________
university
teacher.
A.
An,
an
B.
A,
the
C.
The,
a
D.
The,
an
C
2.[2020?
贵州贵州黔西南州中考]Beijing,________
capital
of
China,
is________city
with
a
long
history.
A.
the;
the.
B.
a
;
a
C.
the;
a
D.
/;
the
D
3.[2020?
四川凉山州中考]Bruce
likes
playing
___________
soccer.
so
his
father
bought
him
___________
soccer
ball.
A.
a;
an
B.
the;
a
C.
/;
the
D.
/;
a
D
4.—What
about
having____
English
exam
tomorrow?
Are
you
ready?
—Oh,
it’s
a
piece
of
cake.
It
is
just
____
usual
test.
Don't
worry.
A.
the
;
an
B.
the;
a
C.
an;
an
D.
an
;
a
C
5.London
is_________capital
of
the
UK.
It
stands_________the
south-east
of
the
country.
A.
a,
in
B.
a,
to
C.
the,
in
D.
the,
to
D
6.—
The
photo
makes
me
think
of
________
trip
to
Hangzhou
last
year.
—
Yeah,
we
had
________
great
time
there.
A.
a;
/
B.
an;
the
C.
the;
the
D.
the;
a
C
7.[2020?
重庆A卷中考]Look!
There
are
so
many
stars
in
________sky.
A.
a
B.
an
C.
the
D.
/
B
8.[2020?黑龙江绥化]You
should
take
__________
umbrella
with
you
in
England,
even
on
__________
sunny
day.
A.
a；a
B.
an；a
C.
a；an
D.an；an
D
9.—Amy,
do
you
know
Langlang
and
his
wife?
—Of
course.
They
play
_________
piano
well.
A.
a
B.
an
C.
/
D.
the
D
10.[2020?南通市]Tom
was
happy
to
get
a
chance
to
play
_______
football
for
the
school
team.
A.
a
B.
an
C.
the
D.
不填
D
11.In
2016,________
China
set
April
24
as
________
country’s
Space
Day.
A.
a;
the
B.
the;
the
C.
the;
/
D.
/;
the
B
12.It’s
an
unusual
thing
for
_____
8-year-old
girl
to
find
_____
UFO.
A.
a;
a
B.
an;
a
C.
a;
an
D.
an;
an
B
13.—
We
have
________
unusual
Senior
High
School
Entrance
Examination
this
year.
—
Yes.
It’s
one
month
later
than
before.
A．a
B．an
C．the
D．/
A
14.Sydney
is
not________capital
of
Australia,
but
it
is________biggest
city
in
Australia.
A.
the;
the
B.
a;
the
C.
the;/
D./;a
C
15.Kobe
was
born
in
_________
USA.
His
birthday
was
on
_________
fifth
of
July.
A.
the;
/
B.
/;
the
C.
the;
the
D.
/;
/
B
16.[2020?湖北省咸宁市]—Does
your
teacher
go
to
work
by
___________
car
every
day?
—No.
He
usually
takes
___________
bus.
A.
/;
/
B.
/;
the
C.
a;
the
D.
the;
a
A
17.There
will
be________one-hour
talk
on
how
to
protect
ourselves
when
we
face
danger
on________eleventh
day
of
June.
A.
a;
the
　　
B.
an;/
C.an;
the
　
D.
a;
/
C
18.You
spell
_____
word
wrong
again.
I've
told
you
many
times
there
is
______
"n"
not
______
"u"
in
it.
A.
a;
an;
an
B.
the;
an;
an
C.
the;
an;
a
D.
the;
a;
an
A
19.Teaching
children
is
________
interesting
work.
It
is
also
________
important
job.
A./;
an
B.
an;
an
C.
/;
/
D.
an;
/　
D
20.There
is
__________
“m”
and
__________
“b”
in
the
word
“mobile”.
A.
an;
an
B.
the;
a
C.
the;
an
D.
an;
a
C
21.I
read
________
unusual
story
last
night.
________
story
is
about
Dr.
Zhong
Nanshan.
A.
an；A
B.
a；The
C.
an；The
D.a；a
A
22.[2019
?
四川省南充市]—Jack,
you
missed
_____________
"U"
in
_____________
word
"usually".
—Sorry,
Sir.
A.
a;
the
B.
an;
the
C.
a;
a
D.
the;
the
B
23.One
of
his
daughters
became
_____________
English
teacher
last
August.
A.
a
B.
an
C.
the
D.
/
B
24.—Who's
______
woman
in
red
on
TV?
—TuYouyou,
_______
84-year-old
scientist
in
China.
A.
the,
a
B.
the,
an
C.
不填，an
D.
不填，a
A
25._____________
Great
Wall
is
one
of
the
seven
wonders
around
the
world.
A.
The
B.
A
C.
An
D.
/
B
26.—Do
you
know_________lady
with
an
umbrella
in
her
hand
?
—Yes
,
she
is
my
English
teacher
.
A.
an
B.
the
C.
a
D./
D
27.—Look!
Who’s
_____________
girl
in
a
red
skirt
over
there?
—Oh,
she
is
my
sister,
Kate.
She
is
_____________
honest
girl.
A.
that;
a
B.
this;
the
C.
this;
a
D.
that;
an
C
28.Simon
is
from
_____________
English-speaking
country.
A.
/
B.
a
C.
an
D.
the
C
29.[2019
?
四川省凉山州]Laura
is
_____________
11-year-old
girl.
She
is
good
at
playing
_____________
guitar.
A.
/;
a
B.
an;
/
C.
an;
the
D.
a;
an
A
30.Bill
bought
_______
useful
book.
_______
book
is
very
interesting.
A.
a:
The
B.
a;
A
C.
an;
The
D.
an;
A
介词
(1)表位置
介词
意义
图示
例句
in/inside
在……之内
The
students
are
reading
in
the
classroom.
学生们在教师里读书。
outside
在……外面
He
parked
his
car
outside
the
heater.
他把汽车停在剧场外面。
at
在(小地点)
He
is
at
home
now.
in
在(大地点)
He
is
in
China
now.
在某一个地区之内的方位
Shanghai
is
in
the
east
of
China.
to
表示在某一地区之外的某方位
Japan
lies
to
the
east
of
China.
on
两地接壤
The
boat
is
on
the
river.那条船在河上。
在……上面
(表面接触)
North
Korea
is
on
the
northeast
of
China.朝鲜在中国的东北。
above
在……上方
(不接触)
The
plane
flew
above
the
clouds.
飞机在云上飞行。
below
在……下方
(不接触)
The
sun
sinks
below
the
horizon.
太阳沉没在地平线下。
over
在……（正）上方(垂直)
There
are
several
bridges
over
the
river.
河上有好几座桥。
under
在……（正）下方(垂直)
The
boat
sailed
under
the
bridge.
船在桥下行驶。
behind
在……后面
（外部）
Olive
hid
behind
a
tree.
奥列弗藏在一棵树后面。
near/nearby
在……附近
(有一定距离)
I
don’t
need
a
car
because
I
live
near
the
city
centre
.
我不需要汽车，因为我住在靠近市中心
by/beside
在……旁边
(可能触摸到)
Our
house
is
by
the
river.我们的房子在河边。
Come
and
sit
beside
me.过来坐在我旁边。
next
to
紧挨...
(触手可及)
My
best
friend
sits
next
to
me
in
class.
上课时我最好的朋友坐在我的旁边。
between
在……之间（指二者）
The
letter
B
is
between
A
and
C.
字母B在A和C之间。
among
在……之间（指三者或三者以上）
The
house
stands
among
the
trees.
房子在树丛中。
at
the
back
of
在...(内部)后方
The
woman
is
at
the
back
of
the
bus.
in
the
front
of
在...(内部)前方
The
driver
is
at
the
front
of
the
bus.
in
front
of
在...(外部)前方
There
is
a
tree
in
front
of
my
house.
(2)表方向
介词
意义
图示
例句
along/down
沿着
Walk
along/down
this
street,
then
turn
left,
you
can
see
the
post
office.
沿着这条街走，然后向右拐，你就可以看到邮局。
across
横过、越过……(穿过平面)
If
the
road
is
busy,
don’t
walk
across
it.
如果道路拥挤，就不要横穿马路。
through
穿过……(穿过空间)
We
drove
through
the
tunnel.
我们开车穿过了隧道。
past
从某事物的一旁经过
The
car
drove
past
my
house.这辆车开过了我家。
over
从平面的一边到另一边或跨越过某一高度
The
dog
jumped
over
the
fence.这只狗跳过了栅栏。
into
进入到…之内
They
put
the
apples
into
the
baskets.
他们把苹果放进篮子里。
out
of
从……出来
Don’t
look
out
of
the
window
in
class.
上课时不要朝窗外看。
onto
到另一个平面上
Don't
jump
onto
the
desk.不要跳到桌子上。
off
脱离某一地方
He
got
off
the
bus
just
now.他刚才下了公交车。
up
向上
The
monkeys
climbed
up
the
trees
to
pick
the
bananas.
猴子爬上树上去摘香蕉。
down
向下
The
ball
is
rolling
down
the
hill.
球正往山下滚。
round/around
围绕
All
sat
around
the
table.
所有的人围绕着桌子坐。
to
到...去
He
took
a
flight
from
Beijing
to
Shanghai.他坐飞机从北京到上海
from
从...来
towards(美)/
toward(英)
向...，朝着，接近
The
teacher
walked
towards
me.这个老师向我走来。
away
from
从...离去
He
took
the
ball
away
from
the
table.
易错点辨析：
on
＆in
1、镶嵌在墙里面的物品，
如门、窗等，用in。
2、挂在墙上的物品，
如地图、字画等，用on。
3、长在树上的东西用on,
飞在或落在树上的东西用in。
1.
a
photo___on___
the
wall
2.
windows
___in___
the
wall
3.
apples
____on____
the
tree
4.
birds_____in___
the
tree
②
on＆in＆to
C
D
B
B在A里
—用in
C和D相邻（接壤）—用on
E和F不相邻（不接壤）—用to
1.
The
city
of
Jiujiang
is
_in___the
north
of
Jiangxi
province.
九江市在江西省的北部。
2.
Japan
lies
__to__
the
east
of
China.
日本在中国的东面。
3.
Guangdong
is
_on__the
south
of
Jiangxi.
广东在江西的南方。
on＆over＆above＆below
on:接触表面
over:不接触表面，垂直，正上方
above：不接触表面，不一定垂直或斜上方
below:不接触表面，不一定垂直或斜下方
The
apple
is
__on__
the
table.
The
fan
is
___over__
the
table.
The
light
is
___above___
the
table.
The
cat
is
___below____
the
table.
next
to.
in
front
of
between
on
in
near
among
above
below
over
under
behind
1.
There
is
only
a
window
the
wall,
but
there
are
a
few
maps
of
China
2.
Autumn
is
summer
and
winter.
3.
There
are
two
wooden
bridges
the
river.
4.
The
temperature(温度）will
stay
zero
in
the
daytime,
but
at
night
it
will
fall
zero
again.
5.
Look!
The
little
girl
is
standing
the
car.
It’s
dangerous．
6.
The
teacher
is
carrying
her
handbag
her
arm.
7.
Please
stand
me.I’m
the
Jlr3t.
8.
1’11
post
the
letter
for
you.
I
live
the
post
office.
9.
Jill
is
my
neighbour.
She
lives
my
home.
10.
--Where
does
Mimi
hide
herself?
I
can’t
see
her.
-Oh,
she
is
the
rabbits.
四、单项选择。
(
)1，
(2018．湖南长沙)-How
many
apples
can
I
have?
-You
can
have
two.
are
for
Jim.
A.
The
other
B.
Others
C．The
others
(
)2。
(2018．江苏淮安)一I’m
thirsty,
Mum.
-Here
is
bottle
of
water
for
you.
A
.an
B.a
C．
the
D，／
(
)3．(2018，山东日照)-Which
bottle
is
yours?
---
one
with
blue
cover.
A
The;a
B，
The;
the
C．A
;
a
D，A；
the
(
)4.
There
are
many
beautiful
flowers
the
river.
Let’s
the
bridge
and
enjoy
them.
A.
Cross;
cross
B.
cross;
across
C.
across;
cross
D.
across;
across
(
)5.
Mary
is
ll-year-old
girl.
She
goes
to
school
by
bike.
A.an;/;/
B．A;/;a
C．
an;
the;／
D.a；a；／
(
)6.
There
is
a
blackboard
the
classroom.
A.
In
front
of
B.
in
the
front
of
C.
between
D．on
(
)7.
She
sits
between
．
A.
You
and
me
B.
His
and
her
C.
he
and
you
D.
you
and
(
)8.
Look!
The
plane
is
flying
the
fields.
A．
over
B．on
C．
about
D．at
三、1.
in;on
2.between
3.
over
4.
above;
below
5.In
front
of
6.
under
7.
behind
8.
near
9.
next
to
10.
among
四
CBACA
BAA