中考名词的句法功能讲解与习题解析(共19张PPT)

(共19张PPT)
名词的句法功能
名词：用来表示________、________、
_______、________和________
等的一类词。
名词的定义
人
事物
时间
地点
抽象概念
1.
在句中作主语
This
book
is
very
useful.
这本书很有用。
2.
作表语
My
brother
is
a
worker.
我弟弟是个工人
She
is
a
teacher.
她是个老师。
rain
drops
雨点
a
colorful
dress
一件色彩鲜艳的连衣裙
a
color
film
彩色电影
3.在句中作定语
名词做定语修饰名词，通常表示事物的属性、本质特征、内容、材料、目的等。
这些形容词化的名词，与形容词做定语，在语义上有一定
的区别。
4.作宾语或宾补
He
finished
his
task
on
time.
他按时完成了他的任务。
We
made
Tom
our
monitor.
我们选汤姆为我们的班长。
5.
作状语
Wait
a
moment.
等一会儿。
He
was
late
for
class
this
morning.
今天早晨他上课迟到了。
6.
作同位语
Mr.
Smith,
our
leader,
is
speaking
now.
史密斯先生，我们的领导，正在讲话。
We
students
should
study
hard.
我们学生应该努力学习。
7.
作称呼语
Come
here,
Mary.
玛丽，到这儿来。
Good
morning,
ladies
and
gentlemen.
女士们，先生们，早上好。
1.Thedeer
has
four
_________.(foot)
2.Her
two
brothers
are
both
_________(policeman).
3.There
are
four
___________
(Japanese)
and
two
_________(German)
in
the
group.
4.Can
you
see
nine
_________(horse)
in
the
picture?
5.The
boy
has
two
__________
(watch).
答案:
1.feet
2.
policemen
3.
Japanese,
Germans
4.
horses
5.
watches
6.There
are
lots
of
_________(potato)
in
the
basket.
7.The
cat
caught(抓住了)
two__________
(mouse)
last
night.
8.There
_________
(is)some
__________(milk)
in
the
bottle.
9.I
want
to
have
some
__________(food).
10.He
gives
me
some
__________(money)
as
a
reward(奖赏)。
答案:
6.
potatoes
7.
mice
8.
is,
milk
9.
food
10.money
1．5261Mr
Gao
is
a
teacher.
He
works
in
a
new
____
.
A．4102shop
B．school
C．factory
D．hospital
2．If
you
want
to
know
the
meaning
of
a
word,
you
can
look
it
up
in
a
____
.
A．diary
　1653B．dictionary
C．newspaper
D．diagram
3．Mr
Shute
is
a
friend
of
____
.
　A．John's
uncle
　B．John
uncle's
C．John's
uncle's　D．John
uncle
4．----Would
you
like
____
tea?
　
----No,
thanks.
I
have
drunk
two
____
.
　A．any;
bottles
of
orange　B．some;
bottles
of
orange
　C．many;
bottles
of
oranges　D．few;
bottle
of
oranges
5．----When
do
you
usually
have
your
____
in
the
evening?
　A．things　B．rice　C．meal　D．food
答案解析：
1．B．前一句说到“高先生”是老师，可知他在“学校”工作。2．B．如果你想知道词义，就必须在“字典”里查单词。
3．B．“of＋'s
所有格”结构称为双重所有格。A项的错误是uncle后应加's
所有格形式；
C项错误在于John后加了's所有格形式。D项错误是两个词都没有's所有格。
4．B．“Would
you
like…?”句型中用
some，是表示客气的邀请对方做某事。
two
bottles
of
orange表示“两瓶桔子汁。”不可数名词的量化表示是在前面加上一个“数词+可数名词单（复）数+不可数名词。”如果是“一瓶桔子汁”，则应为a
bottle
of
orange.
5．C．have
a
meal指“吃饭”。
have
rice指“吃米饭”。此句的情景是指平常什么时间吃饭，而不是指具体吃什么，故不选B。
6．I
usually
go
to
a
____
to
borrow
some
books.
　A．shop　B．cinema　C．hospital　D．library
7．People
often
use
horses
for
____
.
　A．hard
working　B．working
hard　C．work
hard　D．hard
work
8．The
word
“houses”
underlined
part
is
pronounced
____
.
　
A．[siz]　B．[ziz]　C．[zis]　D．[is]
9．Uncle
Wang
bought
two
____
yesterday.
　A．watchs　B．watches　C．watch　D．watchss
10．There
are
a
lot
of
____
down
there
but
hardly
any
____
.
　A．sheeps;
people　B．sheep;
people　C．sheeps;
peoples　
D．sheep;
peoples
答案解析：
6．D．一般“借书”须到“图书馆”。
7．D．此同意为“人们常用马干繁重的活”。注意“use
sth.
for
sth.
”结构，
for后面一般接名词短语，而不接不定式。for后面接的名词表示用于某方面。
8．B．此题考查house复数houses的发音，注意这是一个特例：
house[haus],
house['hauziz]。
9．B．以-s，-x，-ch，-sh接尾的单数可数名词变复数时，后加-es。
10．B．sheep的单复数同形；
people作“人们、人民”讲没有单数形式；作“民族”讲有单复数变化。
11．There
is
a
____
over
the
river.
　A．ship　B．boat　C．bridge　D．village
12．In
____
time,
those
mountains
will
be
covered
with
trees,
too.
　A．few
years　B．a
few
years'
　C．a
few
year　D．a
few
year's
13．There
are
lots
of
____
in
the
basket
on
the
table.
　A．tomatos　B．tomato　C．tomatoss　D．tomatoes
14．Whose
____
are
these?
A．
photo　B．photoes　C．photos　D．photoss
15．The
cat
caught
two
____
last
night.
　A．mouses　B．mice　C．mouse　D．mices
答案解析：
11．C．在河上（垂直的）上面一定是“桥”。
12．B．“几年后”可以说
in
a
few
years'
time
或
in
a
few
years。
13．D
14．C
15．B．mouse的复数形式是
mice。
16．The
day
before
yesterday
she
told
me
____
news.
　A．a
good　B．such
a
good　C．so
good
a　D．a
piece
of
good
17．I
won't
go
there
with
you,
for
I
have
a
lot
of
____
to
do.
　A．works　B．job　C．work　D．working
18．____
will
conquer（征服）
nature.
A．
The
man　B．A
man　C．The
me
D．Man
19．Li
Lei
is
a
friend
of
____
.
　A．I
sister　B．my
sister's　C．me
sister　D．my
sister
of
20．Have
you
read
____
?
　A．today's　B．today
paper　C．the
today's
paper　D．today's
paper
答案解析：
16．D．A、B两项的错误在于两者中都多了a，news是不可数名词。如将其中的a去掉，则为正确选项。C项的错误在于
so
good后只能接单数可数名词。
17．C．work作“工作”讲，是不可数名词。job侧重于“职业”，是可数名词。若指某人做什么工作，只能用单数。
18．D．man作“人类”讲，须用单数形式，且前面不加冠词。该句意为“人类将能征服自然。”
19．B．此题考查双重所有格。双重所有格结构为：“名词+of＋'s所有格”，此结构中的's所有格也可用名词性物主代词来代替。
20．D．“今天的报纸”可说today's
paper。B项错误在于today的通格（非's所有格）不能作前置定语（但可作后置定语。如：
the
paper
today）
C项错误在于定冠词
the不能和
's所有连用。