2021中考英语二轮复习语法专题精讲精练5.介词及介词短语（45张PPT）

专题五　介词及介词短语
2021中考英语二轮复习 语法专题突破 精讲精练
考点1 时间介词
{5940675A-B579-460E-94D1-54222C63F5DA}词汇
用法
示例
at
表示在某个时刻或黎明、正午、黄昏、午夜前
at 7：00 在七点
at noon 在正午
at midnight 在午夜
on
表示在具体的某一天或者某一天的某一段时间
on Monday 在星期一
on the morning of June 1st
在6月1日的早晨
on a cold day 在寒冷的一天
in
表示在一段时间里(在将来时句子中则表示在一段时间之后)
in summer 在夏天
in 2013在2013年
in three days 三天后
{5940675A-B579-460E-94D1-54222C63F5DA}词汇
用法
示例
after
后跟具体时刻，表示“在……时刻之后”，常用于将来时；后跟时间段，多用于过去时
He said that he would be here after 6：00.
for
后跟一段时间，表示“(延续)……之久”
We have lived in China for two years.
during
表示“在……期间”
There are extra flights to Beijing during the Spring Festival.
{5940675A-B579-460E-94D1-54222C63F5DA}词汇
用法
示例
before
表示“在……之前”
Wash hands before dinner.
by
by＋时间点，表示“在……之前，不迟于”
By this time next week we'll be in New York.
since
意为“自……以来”，后接具体的时间点，常与现在完成时连用，谓语动词用延续性动词注意：since还可用作连词
She's been off work since Tuesday.
Cathy hasn't phoned since she went to Berlin.(作连词)
【典例剖析】
(2020·广元)The accident happened ________ a cold morning but luckily，no one was injured.
A.at　　　 　B.on　　 　　C.in
剖析：句意：事故发生________一个寒冷的早上，但是幸运的是，没有人受伤。at 用于具体的时刻前面；on用于具体的某一天或具体某一天的上午、下午或晚上；in用在年、月的前面。根据“a cold morning”可知此处表示具体的“一个寒冷的早上”，用介词on。故选B。
【对点演练】
(　　)1.(2020·黔南)There is going to be an English movie in our school ________ the evening of June 30.
A.at B.in C.for D.on
(　　)2.(2020·安顺)________ January 25，President Xi told the public that nothing matters more than people's safety and health.
A.From　　　 　 　B.On　　　 　　 　　C.In
D
B
(　　)3.(2020·重庆A卷)More villagers will move to new houses ________2021.
A.in B.on C.at D.for
4.(2019·北部湾)Bob and Jim have been good friends ________(自从) they joined the same tennis team.
A
since
考点2 地点介词
1.at，in，on表示具体位置
at一般指小地方；in一般指大地方或某个范围之内；on往往表示“在某个物体的表面”。
2.in，on，to表示相对位置
从下图可以看出in表示“在某一范围之内，在……中”；on表示两个不同的个体相邻或接壤，即“毗邻；接壤”；to则表示两个个体之间有一段距离。
3.辨析over，under，above与below
{5940675A-B579-460E-94D1-54222C63F5DA}词汇
含义及用法
图示
示例
over
意为“在……正上方”,表示两者不接触
We can build a bridge over the river.我们可以在河上建一座桥。
under
意为“在……正下方”,表示两者不接触
My cat is lying under the chair.我的猫正躺在椅子下面。
above
意为“在……上方”,表示两者不接触,不一定垂直
The plane is flying above the clouds.飞机在云层上飞行。
below
意为“在……下方”,表示两者不接触,不一定垂直
The coat reaches below the knees.那件大衣盖过膝盖。
4.其他常见方位介词(短语)
{5940675A-B579-460E-94D1-54222C63F5DA}in front of
表示在某一空间外部的前面
in the front of
表示在某一空间内部的前面
behind
表示在某一位置之后
next to
紧挨着
beside/by
在……旁边，靠近
inside
在……里面
outside
在……外面
【典例剖析】
(2020·重庆B卷)The bank is ________ the left of the supermarket.It's not far.
A.in　　　B.for　　　C.on　　　D.at
剖析：句意：银行________超市的左边。距离并不远。in在……里；for为了；on在……上；at后接小地点。根据the left of the supermarket可知，此处表示“在超市的左边”，固定搭配on the left of表示“在……的左边”，所以用on。故选C。
【对点演练】
(　　)5.(2020·盐城)Yancheng is the only city ________ China to be named after salt.
A.at B.on C.in D.with
(　　)6.(2019·安徽)On sunny days，my grandma often reads a novel ________ the window.
A.by B.for C.with D.from
C
A
(　　)7.(2019·北京)We planted some flowers ________the garden yesterday.
A.on B.to C.in D.of
(　　)8.(2018·毕节)Bijie is ________ the northwest of Guizhou.
A.on B.to C.in D.at
C
C
考点3 范围介词 　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　 　　
{5940675A-B579-460E-94D1-54222C63F5DA}词汇
含义
示例
in
在……里边
in our class 在我们班
between
在(两者)之间
between you and me在你和我之间
among
在(三者或三者以上)中间
among students 在学生当中
besides
除……之外(还有……)
Tom，Lily besides David
除戴维之外还有汤姆、莉莉
except
除……之外(没有……)
all the students except me
除我之外的所有学生
including
包括
all the students including me
包括我在内的所有学生
【典例剖析】
(2018·兰州)—Alice，would you like to go hiking with us?
—What a pity！I'm free every day ________ today.
A.for B.except
C.besides D.among
剖析：句意：——艾丽斯，你愿意和我去远足吗？——很遗憾，我每天都有空，________今天。根据“What a pity！”可知艾丽斯不能和对方去远足，据此可以推断，艾丽斯今天没有空。此处表示：除了今天，每天都有空。besides除……之外(包括在内)；except除……之外(不包括在内)。故选B。
【对点演练】
(　　)9.—Hi，guys.Where were we yesterday?
—We learned the differences ________ fact and opinion.
A.between B.among
C.during D.beyond
10.(2019·济宁)A________ all the school subjects，English in my favorite.
11.(2019·铜仁)I like autumn best a________ the four seasons.
A
mong
mong
考点4 方式介词、动态介词及其他介词
1.方式介词
{5940675A-B579-460E-94D1-54222C63F5DA}词汇
含义
示例
by
以……交通方式
travel by bus/by train乘公交车/火车出行
以……方式(动作)
study by reading 通过阅读来学习
on
乘坐
travel on a bus乘公交车出行
通过
study on the radio/air通过广播学习
in
以……方式
behave in a polite way 表现得很有礼貌；
in this way用这种方法
穿着；戴着
in blue穿蓝色的衣服
乘坐
travel in a train/car乘火车/开小汽车出行
with
用……工具
cut the bag with the knife用小刀割开这个包
2.动态介词 　　
{5940675A-B579-460E-94D1-54222C63F5DA}词汇
含义
示例
across
(从表面)横过
run across the street跑过大街
through
(从内部)穿过
walk through the forest走过森林
past
(从旁边)经过
walk past me从我旁边走过
into
(从外部)进入
run into the room跑进房间
out of
(从内部)出来
walk out of the office从办公室走出来
towards
朝着……
move towards the city向城市移动
to
向；朝；往；对着(某方向或某处)
go to Paris去巴黎
over
(从上空)跨越
jump over the wall跳过围墙
3.其他介词
{5940675A-B579-460E-94D1-54222C63F5DA}词汇
含义
示例
with
和……一起；用；随着
He went into the classroom with a smile.
他面带着微笑走进教室。
without
没有；无
I couldn't finish my homework without your help.没有你的帮助，我无法完成作业。
for
为……；给……
My mother bought a pen for me.
我的妈妈给我买了支钢笔。
{5940675A-B579-460E-94D1-54222C63F5DA}词汇
含义
示例
against
和……比赛；对抗
We will play against them this afternoon.
今天下午我们将跟他们比赛。
of
……的
It's a map of China.这是一幅中国地图。
as
作为……；以……身份
Let me speak to you as a father.
作为一位父亲，让我跟你谈谈。
like
像……一样
He is so naughty，so everyone says he is like a monkey.
他很淘气，所以每个人都说他像只猴子。
【典例剖析】
(2020·湘西)Look! The girl ________ red is helping an old man cross the road.
A.of　　　　 B.on　　　 　C.in
剖析：句意：看！那个穿着红色衣服的女孩正在帮助一位老人过马路。of……的；on在……上；in穿着。“in＋颜色词”表示“穿着什么颜色的衣服”，此处用in red作后置定语意为“穿着红色衣服的”。故选C。
【对点演练】
(　　)12.(2020·牡丹江、鸡西)Some people prefer tea ________ milk.However，I like drinking tea without anything in it.
A.to 　　 B.with 　　　 　C.of
(　　)13.(2020·咸宁)—I want to watch TV the whole day after the long journey.
—You shouldn't watch TV too much.It's bad ________ your eyes.
A.with B.in C.on D.for
B
D
(　　)14.(2020·泰州)—Andy practiced hardest among us and he won first prize in the competition.
—A dream can't come true ________ hard work.
A.by B.across C.over D.without
15.(2020·宜宾)W________ your help，the program couldn't have been so successful.
D
ithout
考点5 介词短语
{5940675A-B579-460E-94D1-54222C63F5DA}黄石地区常考的介词短语
because of 因为
instead of 代替，而不是
out of从……离开
out of sight 消失，看不见
by means of 借助
at the beginning of 起初
at the foot of 在……脚下
on the top of 在……顶端
in the middle of 在……中间
in the past 在过去
in the end 最后
in danger 在危险中
in trouble 处于困境中
in fact 事实上
{5940675A-B579-460E-94D1-54222C63F5DA}黄石地区常考的介词短语
in time 及时
in life 一生中
in surprise 惊奇地
in a word 总而言之
in order 按顺序
in line 成直线
in all 总共，总计
in silence 不作声
in town 在城里，在镇上
in a short while 不久
at first 起初
at once 立刻，马上
at last 最后
at the end of 在……末尾
【典例剖析】
(2020·青海)—Xining is getting more and more beautiful.
—Oh，yes.I think more changes are ________.
A.on the radio　　　 　B.in the end
C.on the way
剖析：句意：——西宁正在变得越来越美丽。——是的。我想越来越多的改变________。on the radio 在广播上；in the end 在最后；on the way在来的路上；即将到来。分析上下文可知，A项不符合语境。B项不符合句型结构，in the end常用于句首或句末作时间状语，修饰整个句子。C项符合上下文语境和语法。故选C。
【对点演练】
(　　)16.(2020·鄂州)Although the man is in his eighties，he grows vegetables ________ in his garden.
A.in public B.in person
C.in silence D.in fact
(　　)17.(2020·天水)________ the kind?hearted lady，the homeless boy has a new family.
A.Thanks to B.Thank to
C.Thanks for D.Thank for
B
A
(　　)18.(2019·温州)The instructions tell us everything ________ about how to make the model ship.
A.by hand B.by chance
C.in detail D.in person
　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　 　　
C
(　　)1.(2020·尹家湖中学中考二模)Kate didn't want to talk to me，so she turned around and had her back ________ me.
A.above B.along C.towards D.between
(　　)2.(2020·大冶市九年级6月调研)—Could you tell me some information about Chang'e?4 lunar satellite(嫦娥四号卫星)?
—Sure.It was launched(发射) ________ 2：23 a.m. ________ the morning of December 8，2018.
A.at；in B.in；in
C.in；on D.at；on
C
D
(　　)3.(2019·黄石河口中学中考模拟)—How do you study ________ a test?
—I often study ________ a group.
A.to；for B.for；at C.at；in D.for；with
D
专题精练
Ⅰ.单项选择
(　　)1.(2020 ·十堰)—I am hungry now.I came to school ________ breakfast this morning.
—You should get up early.
A.of B.to
C.at D.without
(　　)2.(2020·连云港)To complete her online learning，Suzy needs a computer or a mobile phone to receive messages________ her teachers.
A.with B.during
C.from D.through
D
C
(　　)3.(2020·包头)—Hello，my name is John Smith.And I'm calling to ask about the position in your school.
—Yes，the position is still open.You could come over and have a talk ________ us.
A.with B.about
C.through D.away
(　　)4.(2020·哈尔滨)—When is your birthday，Sally?
—My birthday is________July 3rd.
A.in 　　 B.on 　　　　 C.at
A
B
(　　)5.(2020·龙东)—Many doctors and nurses went to Hubei in February.
—Hubei is far from Heilongjiang.It's ________ the south of China，________ the south of Henan.
A.in；to 　　 B.on；to 　　　　 C.in；on
(　　)6.(2020·绥化)—What time is it?
—It's half ________ seven.
A.past 　　 B.to 　　　　 C.at
C
A
(　　)7.(2020·山西)—I am a little nervous every time I take exams.
—Don't worry.Just try your best.________，grades are not everything.
A.After all B.As a result
C.In the same way
(　　)8.(2020·镇江)China sent up the final satellite of Beidou Navigation Satellite System(北斗卫星导航系统) from Xichang Satellite Centre ________ June 23，2020.
A.at B.in C.to D.on
A
D
(　　)9.(2020·苏州)—Did you go on the Silk Road trip by train?
—Yes.The train was great，just like a hotel ________ wheels—it had all that I needed.
A.in B.at C.on D.by
(　　)10.(2020·山西)As students，we're supposed to go to the museum often.We can get more knowledge from the things ________.
A.on show B.on sale
C.on land
C
A
(　　)11.(2020·青海)Cookies are just the thing to serve ________ tall glasses of real lemon juice.
A.at 　　 B.in 　　　　 C.with
(　　)12.(2020·淮安)When you have joys，you can share them ________ your friends.
A.for B.in C.with D.on
C
C
(　　)13.(2019·安徽)On sunny days，my grandma often reads a novel ________ the window.
A.by B.for C.with D.from
(　　)14.(2019·河北)This story is________ simple English.My little sister can read it.
A.for B.in C.with D.by
A
B
(　　)15.(2019·襄阳)—How strange！You sit in your room ________ for a long time，Li Ming.
—I just want to be quiet for a while.I'm sorry，Dad.I failed the test again.
A.in silence B.in person
C.in public D.in fact
A
Ⅱ.根据句意，用适当的介词填空
16.(2020·海南改编)Eight members of a Chinese team arrived ________ the top of Mount Qomolangma successfully.
17.The old woman was so fat that she couldn't get ________ the doorway.
18.(2020·甘孜改编)Helen's mother always goes shopping ________ Friday afternoons.
19.(2020·天水改编)Man can't live ________ water.
at
through
on
without
20.(2019·苏州)—Have you ever been to the Summer Palace?
—Yes.I have visited it many times ________ 2009.
21.(2019·温州)Qomolangma，the world's highest mountain, is about 8，848 metres ________ sea level.
22.More and more young people go skating ________ winter.
23.It's not necessary to find a friend who is the same ________ you.
24.To my pleasure，my family is always ________ me whatever I decide to do.
25.Let's meet ________ 8：30 on Sunday morning at our school gate.
since
above
in
as
behind
at
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