2021中考英语二轮复习语法专题精讲精练7.形容词和副词（51张PPT）

专题七　形容词和副词
2021中考英语二轮复习 语法专题突破 精讲精练
考点1 形容词
1.形容词的基本用法
{5940675A-B579-460E-94D1-54222C63F5DA}用 法
例句
作定语，用于名词前或不定代词后
Han Mei is a beautiful girl.
韩梅是一个漂亮的女孩。
作表语，用于系动词后
The meal is very delicious.
这顿饭很美味。
作宾语补足语，常用于keep，make，leave等动词的宾语后
We must keep the classroom clean.
我们必须保持教室清洁。
注意：
(1)形容词置于被修饰词之后的情况：
①一些表语形容词，如asleep，afraid，awake，alive等作定语时，常放在被修饰词之后。如：
He was the only boy awake at the time.他是当时唯一醒着的男孩。
②形容词修饰复合不定代词时，置于其后。如：
There is nothing important in today's newspaper.今天的报纸上没有什么重要的内容。
③形容词tall，long，high等与数词短语连用时，置于其后。如：
My brother is 1.9 meters tall.我哥哥1.9米高。
(2)多个形容词修饰一个名词的顺序：
限定词——数词——描绘词(大小、长短、形状、新旧、颜色等)——出处——材料性质。如：
a small round table，a dirty old brown shirt，a far German medical school，an expensive Japanese car
There is a small old black wooden desk in my room.在我的房间里有一张又小又旧的黑色木桌。
2.v.?ing形容词与v.?ed形容词
{5940675A-B579-460E-94D1-54222C63F5DA}考点
含义及用法
示例
v.?ing形容词
一般用来形容“物体本身具有的性质”,表示“令人……的”。主语一般是物或事
I find the story very boring.我发现这个故事特别无聊。
v.?ed形容词
一般用来形容“人的感受”,表示“感到……的”。主语一般是人
I'm bored with what he said.我对他说的话烦极了。
初中阶段常见的?ing形容词和?ed形容词有：
{5940675A-B579-460E-94D1-54222C63F5DA}v.?ing
v.?ed
interesting
interested
exciting
excited
surprising
surprised
pleasing
pleased
tiring
tired
worrying
worried
relaxing
relaxed
3.常见的形容词短语
{5940675A-B579-460E-94D1-54222C63F5DA}短语类型
示例
of短语
be full of充满……
be proud of为……感到自豪
be afraid of害怕……
in短语
be interested in对……感兴趣
be weak in在……方面薄弱
with短语
be angry with生……的气
be filled with充满……
be strict with对……要求严格
be popular with受……欢迎
about短语
be worried about对……担忧
be sure about对……有把握
【典例剖析】
(2020·安徽)There is more space in the high?speed train and the journey becomes more ________.
A.serious　　　　　 B.boring
C.dangerous D.comfortable
剖析：句意：高铁的空间更大了，旅程变得更________。serious严重的；boring无聊的；dangerous危险的；comfortable舒适的。根据前半句“There is more space in the high?speed train(高铁空间更大了)”可推测旅程应该是变得更舒适了，其他三项不符合句意。故选D。
【对点演练】
(　　)1.(2020·襄阳)—How ________ your sofa feels!
—Is it like a soft bed？I often lie on it for a short break at noon.
A.terrible B.comfortable
C.humorous D.dangerous
(　　)2.(2020·盐城)Although Zhong Nanshan knows the new virus is more ________ to old people，he cares little for his own safety.
A.polite B.dangerous
C.friendly D important
B
B
(　　)3.(2020·淮安)—Peter，have you heard of the song Let it go?
—Yes，it sounds ________ and it's popular among young people.
A.nice B.bad C.terrible D.strange
4.(2020·宜宾)I'm sure that the song will become even more __________(流行).
5.(2020·连云港)It is ____________(不礼貌的) to push in before others while waiting for the bus.
A
popular
impolite
考点2 副词
1.副词的基本用法
{5940675A-B579-460E-94D1-54222C63F5DA}用法
示例
作状语，主要修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或句子
Bill gets up late on weekends.
比尔在周末起得晚。
作后置定语，多表示时间或地点
Life here is rich and interesting.
这里的生活既富裕又有趣。
2.形容词和副词的转换形式
副词一般由形容词变化而来，常见的变化规则如下：
{5940675A-B579-460E-94D1-54222C63F5DA}变化规则
示例
大多数在形容词词尾加 ?ly
careful→carefully；
quick→quickly；
bright→brightly；
slow→slowly
以y结尾的双音节形容词，把y改成i，再加?ly
easy→easily；
happy→happily；
lucky→luckily；
heavy→heavily
{5940675A-B579-460E-94D1-54222C63F5DA}变化规则
示例
以e结尾
开音节形容词直接加?ly
wide→widely；
polite→politely
以元音字母加?e结尾的形容词，去e加?ly
true→truly
以辅音字母加le结尾的形容词，去e加?y
terrible→terribly；
simple→simply；
possible→possibly
特殊变化
good→well
有些副词与形容词同形
fast；late；
early；hard
注意：
以下6个单词虽以ly结尾，但仍为形容词：
friendly，lovely，lonely，likely，lively，ugly
3.常见副词的分类
{5940675A-B579-460E-94D1-54222C63F5DA}分类
示例
时间副词
late迟；early早；never绝不；seldom很少；sometimes有时；often经常；usually通常；always总是；immediately立即，马上；once曾经；suddenly突然；already已经；yet还；soon很快；still仍然；then然后；just正好
地点副词
here这儿；there那儿；inside里面；outside外面；everywhere到处；near在……附近；over there在那里；here and there到处,处处；anywhere 任何地方
{5940675A-B579-460E-94D1-54222C63F5DA}分类
示例
方式副词
badly糟糕地；bravely勇敢地；calmly平静地；carefully仔细地；angrily生气地；happily愉快地；slowly缓慢地；hard刻苦地；well好地；fast快速地；clearly清晰地；quickly快速地；safely安全地；luckily幸运地；strongly强烈地；loudly大声地；certainly确定地；especially尤其；really真正地
程度副词
completely完整地；nearly几乎；almost差不多；deeply深深地；hardly几乎不；partly部分地；quite十分，非常；very非常；rather相当，颇；much很
疑问副词
how怎样；when何时；where何地；why为何
频度副词
twice两次；weekly每周；always总是，常常；often经常；never从不；daily天天；usually经常；sometimes有时
【典例剖析】
(2020·安徽)—China has formed a deep friendship with countries around the world.
—That's true.We are working ________ together in many fields.
A.closely 　　　　 　B.nervously
C.terribly D.humorously
剖析：句意：——中国与世界各国建立了深厚的友谊。——那是真的。我们在许多领域________合作。closely紧密地；nervously紧张地；terribly糟糕地；humorously幽默地。分析句意可知，此处指“我们在许多领域密切合作”，closely修饰动词work，其他三项语意不符。故选A。
　　　　　　　　　 　　　　 　　
【对点演练】
(　　)6.(2020·临沂)Kelly White loves all sports，________skating.
A.gradually B.seriously
C.especially
(　　)7.(2020·武威)After months of looking，he ________ found a job.That made him quite happy.
A.hardly B.quickly
C.finally D.sadly
C
C
(　　)8.(2020·咸宁)—A Long March 5(长征五号) rocket carrying China's heaviest satellite was ________ launched.
—Amazing！It happened on Dec 27，2019 in Wenchang，Hainan.
A.successful B.successfully
C.success D.succeed
9.(2020·盐城)A recent study has shown that Big Ben is falling over，although very ____________(缓慢地).
10.(2020·牡丹江、鸡西)As a teenager，it is better for us to speak to the old people ______________(礼貌地).
B
slowly
politely
考点3 形容词和副词的比较等级
1.形容词和副词的比较等级的构成
(1)规则变化
{5940675A-B579-460E-94D1-54222C63F5DA}构成方法
示例
一般单音节词末尾加?er，?est
small→smaller→smallest；fast→faster→fastest；quick→quicker→quickest
以不发音的e结尾的单音节词加?r，?st
nice→nicer→nicest；fine→finer→finest
{5940675A-B579-460E-94D1-54222C63F5DA}构成方法
示例
以辅音字母＋y结尾的双音节单词，先把y变为i，再加?er，?est
early→earlier→earliest；happy→happier→happiest
以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节的单词，双写末尾的字母再加?er，?est
red→redder→reddest；big→bigger→biggest；thin→thinner→thinnest
部分双音节词或多音节词在原级前加more，most
interesting→more interesting→most interesting；important→more important→most important
(2)不规则变化
{5940675A-B579-460E-94D1-54222C63F5DA}原级
比较级
最高级
good/well
better
best
bad/ill/badly
worse
worst
little
less
least
many/much
more
most
far
farther/further
farthest/furthest
old
older/elder
oldest/eldest
2.形容词和副词的比较等级的常用句型
(1) 表示“A、B两者程度相同”。“as…as”意为“和……一样”。如：
My friend Tom is as tall as his father.我的朋友汤姆和他爸爸一样高。
(2) 表示“A不如B……”。如：
This red skirt is not so beautiful as that blue one.这条红色裙子不如那条蓝色的漂亮。
I didn't do my homework as quickly as you.我做作业不如你快。
A+ be+as+原级十as+ B
A十be+not+as/so+原级十as+B
(3) 表示“A比B……”。如：
Planes are faster than trains.飞机比火车快。
(4) 表示“A没有/不如B……”。如：
Lucy is less careful than Lily.露茜没有莉莉细心。
(5) 表示“越……，就越……”。如：
The busier he is，the happier he feels.越忙，他就感到越高兴。
A +be+比较级十than+ B
A+ be+ less+原级十than B
the+比较级… , the+比较级…
(6) 表示“越来越……”。如：
Our country is becoming stronger and stronger.我们国家变得越来越强大了。
Our school is becoming more and more beautiful.我们的学校越来越美了。
(7) 表示“A是……最……的”。如：
He is the busiest boy in our class.他是我们班里最忙的男孩。
He jumps the highest of the three.他是他们三个中跳得最高的。
比较级+and+比较级
A+be+the+最高级+in/of短语
注意：
①用比较级的结构表示最高级含义的方法：比较级＋than any other＋个体＝最高级＋in/of。
②有些形容词只能作定语。如：
little(小的)，only(唯一的)，elder(年长的)，woolen(羊毛质的)等，复合形容词English?speaking(说英语的)等。
③有些形容词只能作表语。如：
alone(孤独的)，asleep(睡着的)，awake(醒着的)，alive(活着的)，well(健康的)，ill(病的)等。
④有些形容词与定冠词the连用，表示一类人或物。如：
We should respect the old and love the young.我们应该尊老爱幼。
⑤“A＋谓语动词＋the＋比较级＋of the two＋…”，表示“两者中较……的”。如：
Liu Lei is the taller one of the two brothers.刘磊是兄弟两人中较高的一个。
⑥“A＋谓语动词＋one of the＋最高级＋复数名词＋in/of短语”表示“……是最……的之一”。如：Mr.Fang is one of the most popular teachers in our school.方老师是我们学校最受欢迎的老师之一。
The Yangtze River is one of the longest rivers in the world.长江是世界上最长的河流之一。
⑦“A＋谓语动词＋the＋序数词＋最高级＋in/of短语”表示“……是第……最……的”。如：
Tom is the third tallest boy in our class.汤姆是我们班第三高的男生。
⑧形容词修饰不定代词something，anything，nothing，everything等时，作后置定语。如：
Is there anything important in today's newspaper？今天的报纸上有什么重要的消息吗？
⑨形容词或副词比较级前可用much，a little，a lot，even修饰，使原来的比较级在语意上更明确。如：
Chickens are much smaller than cows.小鸡比奶牛小得多。
【典例剖析】
(2020·凉山)Putting out forest fire is regarded as one of ________ problems in the world.
A.difficult　　　　 　B.more difficult
C.most difficult D.the most difficult
剖析：句意：扑灭森林大火被认为是世界上________问题之一。分析句子结构可知这里运用的句型是“one of the＋形容词最高级＋可数名词复数＋范围”表示“……范围内最……之一”。形容词最高级前要有定冠词the，difficult属于多音节单词，其最高级应该是most difficult，故选D。
【对点演练】
(　　)11.(2020·襄阳)—Wang Lin did ________ in the final exam this term again.
—That's not strange.He always gets full marks in all of his subjects.
A.worst B.worse C.best D.better
(　　)12.(2020·新疆)—I think it's necessary to learn how to work in groups.
—I agree.Sometimes it's even ________than grades.
A.more important B.less important
C.the least important D.the most important
C
A
(　　)13.(2020·滨州)—Could you tell me why you learn English so well?
—It's very simple.________ you study，________ grades you will get.
A.The harder；better
B.The harder；the better
C.Harder；better
D.Harder；the better
B
14.(2020·青岛)Doing sports can make people happier，____________(健康)，and more confident.
15.(2020·武威)Elephants are the ___________(large) land animals on earth.
healthier
largest
(　　)1.(2020·尹家湖中学中考二模)—What was Sam wearing at the dancing party?
—Nothing ________.He was in his usual shirt and jeans.
A.strange B.special C.simple D.similar
(　　)2.(2019·黄石下陆区、西塞山区5月模拟)—How do you feel when you watch a ________ movie?
—It always makes me ________ and want to cry.
A.scared；scary B.scary；scary
C.scared；scared D.scary；scared
B
D
(　　)3.(2020·大冶一中科技创新夏令营模拟)I will go to visit my uncle ________ next week.
A.sometimes B.some times
C.at times D.sometime
(　　)4.(2019·大冶市九年级12月联考)Although I am very ________，I can't fall ________ at once.
A.asleep；sleepy B.sleeping；asleep
C.sleepy；sleeping D.sleepy；asleep
D
D
(　　)5.(2020·华中学校中考一模)Hawaii is ________ island that it attracts ________ many tourists.
A.so beautiful；so B.such beautiful；such
C.quite a beautiful；such D.such a beautiful；so
(　　)6.(2020·黄石市九年级5月调研)It's raining so ________ outside that we can ________ go out.
A.hardly；hard B.hard；hardly
C.hard；hard D.hardly；hardly
D
B
专题精练
Ⅰ.单项选择
(　　)1.(2020·重庆A)What a________ boy! He worked out such a difficult math problem.
A.strong B.kind
C.lazy D.clever
D
(　　)2.(2020·宜昌)—Have you heard about the book Learn English Tell China's Stories?
—Of course! It's a ________ book because it helps English learners spread Chinese culture.
A.traditional B.meaningful
C.social D.private
(　　)3.(2020·武汉)—You must be very hungry now.
—Yes，I'm ready to do some ________ eating.
A.serious B.healthy
C.local D.extra
B
A
(　　)4.(2020·福建)—I hear your uncle and aunt have moved to the countryside.
—Yes.They think the life in the countryside is more ________.
A.similar 　　 B.boring 　　　　C.peaceful
(　　)5.(2020·包头)—Tomorrow I'll take the final examination，and I feel nervous.
—Don't worry.It's ________ to have butterflies in your stomach before an exam.
A.rude B.exciting
C.perfect D.natural
C
D
(　　)6.(2020·江西)Tina ________ drives to work.But today she drives because of the rain.
A.always B.often
C.sometimes D.hardly
(　　)7.(2020·山西)You can bravely tell others what you think if you have different ideas.But ________ remember to choose the proper way.
A.never 　　 B.seldom 　　　　C.always
D
C
(　　)8.(2020·包头)The girl used to be shy，but she is ________ getting active in teamwork and willing to make friends.
A.usually B.gradually
C.mainly D.seldom
(　　)9.(2020·青海)—It's difficult to get a ticket of Jay Chou's concert.
—________，I've got one.
A.Finally 　　 B.Luckily 　　　　C.Recently
B
B
(　　)10.(2020·黔东南)I like these books because they offer me a lot of ________ knowledge.
A.useful B.awful
C.useless D.boring
(　　)11.(2020·咸宁)—Does the dish taste as ________ as it looks?
—Yes.I can't wait to eat it.
A.well B.good C.better D.best
A
B
(　　)12.(2020·江西)I'm pretty good at tennis.Actually，I'm probably ________ in the club.
A.worse B.good
C.better D.the best
(　　)13.(2020·青海)—She was the best?seller in the company and her boss gave her a special ten?day holiday.
—That's so cool.She sold out ________ than any others last year.
A.the most　　 B.more　　　C.fewer
D
B
(　　)14.(2019·孝感)—The young are always busy checking their mobile phones while getting together.
—So it is.They should put down phones and have more talks，________.
A.still B.too
C.either D.instead
(　　)15.(2019·宜昌)—He hardly had friends because he used to be mean.
—But now he has changed a lot.He treats others ________ and is popular.
A.nicely B.carelessly
C.rudely D.heavily
D
A
Ⅱ.用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空
16.(2020·山西改编)Friends often help us，especially during the hard time.So we should be ____________(thank) to them for their support.
17.(2020·天津改编)This street is much __________(wide) than that one.
18.(2020·福建改编)The kid is doing his lessons ___________(careful) in order to pass the test.
thankful
wider
carefully
19.Mary's idea is more ___________(creativity) than mine.
20.(2020·天津改编)Because people can find information on the Internet，knowledge spreads ___________(quick).
21.(2020·广元改编)We should realize that everyone has his or her own merits(优点) and defects(缺点)，so we must treat them ___________(proper).
creative
quickly
properly
https://www.21cnjy.com/help/help_extract.php