2021中考英语二轮复习语法专题精讲精练8.动词及动词短语（51张PPT）

专题八　动词及动词短语
2021中考英语二轮复习 语法专题突破 精讲精练
考点1 系动词
系动词有一定意义,但不能独立作谓语,必须与表语一起构成系表结构。
{5940675A-B579-460E-94D1-54222C63F5DA}常用连系动词
词义
示例
be
是
I am a girl with short hair.
become
成为,变得
Mike becomes interested in Chinese.
turn
变得
Mr.White's face turned red.
get
变得
The weather is getting bad.
smell
闻起来
The flowers smell nice.
{5940675A-B579-460E-94D1-54222C63F5DA}常用连系动词
词义
示例
sound
听起来
The plan sounds good.
taste
品尝
The soup tastes delicious.
seem
看起来；似乎
It seems that you're right.
feel
感到；摸起来
The coat feels very soft.
look
看起来
My mother looks very young.
stay
保持
The shop stays open till 8 p．m.
grow
成长；变得
Her hair is growing white.
keep
保持
The girl keeps silent all the time.
注意：陈述句变疑问句时,除be之外的系动词一定要借助助动词do,does或did等完成。
【典例剖析】
(2020·新疆)—Look,Cindy.The flowers in our classroom come out in one night.
—That's fantastic！They are beautiful and colorful.They ________ nice.
A.smells　 B.smell　 C.sounds　 D.sound
剖析：句意：——看,辛迪。我们教室里的花一晚上就开花了。——太棒了！它们美丽多彩。它们________很香。本句主语是they,复数,可知谓语动词使用原形,可知排除A和C。smell闻起来；sound听起来。根据常识可知花应是闻起来很香,故选B。
【对点演练】
(　　)1.(2020·襄阳)—How does the banana milk shake ________？
—Delicious.I'd like to have another glass.
A.look B.smell C.taste D.sound
2.(2019·凉山)The Russian soup s________ very nice.I can't wait to drink it.
3.(2019·荆门)This kind of special noodles t________ so delicious that I can't help asking for more.
C
mells
astes
考点2 助动词
助动词本身没有意义,不能单独作谓语,只能和行为动词一起构成谓语,表达时态、语态、语气等特征,帮助构成否定、疑问、强调、省略等。
{5940675A-B579-460E-94D1-54222C63F5DA}常用助动词
用法
be
am/is/are＋现在分词→现在进行时was/were＋现在分词→过去进行时be＋过去分词→被动语态
do
形式有do,does,did,用于构成疑问句和否定句,或用在动词前加强语气
have
have/has＋过去分词→现在完成时had＋过去分词→过去完成时have＋been＋现在分词→现在完成进行时
will/shall
will/shall＋动词原形→一般将来时would/should＋动词原形→过去将来时
【典例剖析】
(2020·天水)Let's meet at the school gate,________？
A.shall we　　　　 　B.shall you
C.will we D.will you
剖析：句意：让我们在学校门口见面,________？本题考查反意疑问句中对助动词和人称代词的选择。shall用于第一人称的疑问句中,表示征求对方意见；let's 是let us的缩写形式,因此人称代词选择us的主格形式we。故选A。
【对点演练】
(　　)4.(2020·鄂州)—She's never heard of Abing,________ she?
—________.She said that his piece,Erquan Yingyue was her favorite music.
A.is；Yes,she is B.has；Yes,she has
C.hasn't；No,she hasn't D.isn't；No,she isn't
(　　)5.(2020·遂宁)Tom hardly eats breakfast,________？
A.isn't he B.is he
C.doesn't he D.does he
B
D
考点3 实义动词
{5940675A-B579-460E-94D1-54222C63F5DA}分类
用法
例句
按句法功能分
及物动词
及物动词本身意义不完整,需要接宾语才能使其意思表达完整。如：tell,take,ask,make,like,see,buy,show,find,invent,forget,offer等
I will tell him the truth.
我将告诉他真相。
He reached Canada the day before yesterday.
他前天到达加拿大。
They asked me to go fishing with them.
他们让我跟他们一起去钓鱼。
不及物动词
不及物动词本身意思完整,无须接宾语,构成“主语＋谓语”的句型,如：agree,listen,look,arrive,swim,sleep,sit,smile,come等,如后面接宾语,必须与介词连用
Birds can fly.鸟会飞。
The rain stopped.雨停了。
She spoke at the meeting yesterday evening.
她在昨天晚上的会议上发了言。
{5940675A-B579-460E-94D1-54222C63F5DA}分类
用法
例句
按动作发生过程的长短分
延续性动词
表示能够延续的动作,如：study,work,stand,lie,know,walk,keep,have,wait,watch,sleep,live,stay等。可以与表示时间段的状语(for＋时间段,since＋时间点,since从句)连用
He worked all day in the fields.他在地里干了一天活。He stayed in London for over a month.
他在伦敦待了一个多月。
He has lived here since three years ago.
自从三年前他就住在这里了。
非延续性动词
也称短暂性动词/瞬间动词,表示不能延续的动作,如：buy,come,die,fail,find,finish,go,join,kill,leave,lend,lose,sell,start,stop,borrow等。不能与表示时间段的状语连用
They reached the village in the afternoon.
下午他们抵达了那个村子。
I haven't finished the work yet.
这项工作我还没有干完。
She stood up and left the room.
她站起身离开了房间。
注意：
有些动词既可以作及物动词,又可以作不及物动词,如：begin,start,answer,sing,close,consider,insist,read,learn,prepare,pay,hurt,improve等。如：
The little girl sings well.这个小女孩唱歌唱得好。
The little girl is singing an English song.这个小女孩正在唱一首英文歌。
常见近义动词(词组)辨析
{5940675A-B579-460E-94D1-54222C63F5DA}含义
动词(词组)
用法
四个“说”
speak
作及物动词时后接表示语言的名词,表示“说；讲”
say
常跟直接引语或间接引语,表示说的内容
talk
是不及物动词,常跟介词to或with,意为“同……谈话”,也表示具有说话能力
tell
意为“告诉”,与story连用,意为“讲故事”
{5940675A-B579-460E-94D1-54222C63F5DA}含义
动词(词组)
用法
四个
“拿”
bring
带来；拿来”,表示拿到靠近说话人的地方
take
“拿去；带走”,表示拿到远离说话人的地方
carry
“扛；搬；用力移动”,没有方向性
fetch
“去取；去拿”,表示往返拿东西
四个
“看”
see
“看见”,表示结果
look
“看”,表示动作,是不及物动词,后面需加介词at才能跟宾语
watch
“观看(比赛、电视等)”
read
“看(书、报等)”,表示阅读
{5940675A-B579-460E-94D1-54222C63F5DA}含义
动词(词组)
用法
四个
“花费”
spend
人作主语,表示“花费时间或金钱”,常用于固定句型：spend time/money on sth./(in) doing sth.
cost
物作主语,表示“某物花费多少钱”
take
表示“花费一段时间做某事”,常用于固定句型：It＋takes＋一段时间＋to do sth.
pay
常与介词for连用,表示“为……(物)支付(钱)”
{5940675A-B579-460E-94D1-54222C63F5DA}含义
动词(词组)
用法
四个
“赢,输”
lose
意为“输给某人”,固定搭配为lose to sb.
fail
意为“失败”或“未做成某事”
beat
意为“打败”,后接人或某个团队
win
意为“赢”,后接荣誉、地位、比赛等
四个
“参加”
join
一般指加入“党派”或“组织”并成为其中一员,如参军、入党、入团等
join in
指参加竞赛、娱乐、游戏等活动
take
part in
指参加聚会或群众性活动
attend
一般指出席会议、典礼、婚礼等正式场合
{5940675A-B579-460E-94D1-54222C63F5DA}含义
动词(词组)
用法
四个
“变化”
turn
指在颜色和性质等方面与以前的完全不同
get
天变黑、变长或变短,强调的是“渐渐变得”
become
强调变化的过程已经完成
grow
主要表示逐渐变化,强调变化的过程
三个
“借”
borrow
非延续性动词,表示主语“借入”,常用搭配borrow sth. from sb.
lend
非延续性动词，表示主语“借出”,常用搭配lend sth. to sb.或lend sb. sth.
keep
延续性动词,表示“长时间地借”
{5940675A-B579-460E-94D1-54222C63F5DA}含义
动词(词组)
用法
三个
“到达”
get
get to＋地点名词
reach
及物动词,后面可直接跟地点名词
arrive
in＋大地点(名词) at＋小地点(名词)
三个
“穿”
dress
dress sb.“给某人穿衣服”
dress sb.up “打扮某人”
put on
“穿上；戴上”,表示动作
wear
“穿着；戴着”,表示状态
【典例剖析】
(2020·安徽)—Hi,Jill.I'd like to share with you the latest news about the height of Qomolangma.
—Really？Make sure the news is true before you________ it.
A.receive　B.spread　C.cancel　D.hear
剖析：句意：——嗨,吉尔。我想跟你分享关于珠穆朗玛峰高度的最新消息。——真的吗？在你________ 这条消息前,要确保它是真的。receive接收；spread传播；cancel取消；hear听到。根据“I'd like to share with you the latest news about the height of Qomolangma”及“Make sure the news is true”可知,吉尔告诉对方,在传播关于珠穆朗玛峰高度这条消息前,要确保它是真的,所以空格处填spread。故选B。
【对点演练】
(　　)6.(2020·泰州)—Song of Autumn by Liu Yuxi describes autumn in a different way.
—I agree.Most poets(诗人) describe this season to ________ a feeling of sadness,but in Liu's eyes autumn is full of life and hope.
A.excuse B.express C.expect D.explain
B
(　　)7.(2020·宜昌)—Some Chinese government officers have turned into livestreamers(网络主播).
—Yes.They're trying their best to help local farmers to ________ product sales.
A.compare B.improve C.afford D.provide
(　　)8.(2020·宜昌)—Would you________ opening the window？Get more fresh air.
—Of course not.I'll do it right away.
A.consider B.practice C.suggest D.mind
B
D
9.(2020·荆门)We can't ________(承担得起) to wait any longer to take action in order to improve our environment.
10.(2020·宜宾)We should show kindness to doctors who are trying to p________ our lives.
afford
rotect
考点4 动词短语(或短语动词)
{5940675A-B579-460E-94D1-54222C63F5DA}同一动词＋不同介词/副词
give短语
give away赠送；捐赠　 give out分发
give off发出(光、热等)　 give up放弃
give in屈服；让步　 give back归还
look短语
look after照顾　 look for寻找　 look at看 look like…看起来像……　look back on回顾
look out＝be careful＝take care留神；当心
look up查找；查阅　 look into调查
look over仔细检查　 look through快速浏览
look down upon看不起；轻视
look forward to期望；盼望
look up to尊敬；仰慕
{5940675A-B579-460E-94D1-54222C63F5DA}同一动词＋不同介词/副词
get短语
get back回来；取回　 get off下车 get on上车　
get on/along with与……相处 get over克服　
get up起床　 get to到达
get together相聚　 get close to接近
go短语
go away走开；离去　
go back回去go by走过；(时间)消逝　
go over复习；审阅 go off (闹钟等)发出响声
go on继续　go down下降
go through通过；经受；浏览
come短语
come along跟随；出现　 come back回来
come on加油；赶快　 come out出版
come true变为现实　 come up with提出；想出
{5940675A-B579-460E-94D1-54222C63F5DA}同一动词＋不同介词/副词
put短语
put away收起来；放在一边 put down放下　
put up搭建；张贴
put on穿上；上演；增加(体重)
put off推迟　 put out扑灭
take短语
take after与某人相像　 take away拿走
take down拿下；记下　 take in吸入
take care当心；小心　 take out取出
take on呈现
take up从事；开始；占据(时间、空间等)
turn短语
turn down调低音量；拒绝　 turn in上交
turn on打开　 turn off关闭
turn up调高音量　 turn out结果……
{5940675A-B579-460E-94D1-54222C63F5DA}不同动词＋同一介词/副词
at短语
arrive at到达 　laugh at嘲笑 look at看　
knock at敲 point at指向　 shout at对……大喊throw at投向　 aim at瞄准；旨在
away短语
give away赠送；捐赠 move away搬走　
put away收起来；放在一边 run away逃离　
throw away扔掉 take away拿走　keep away from远离
off短语
break off突然停止　 cut off切除
give off发出(光、热等)　 get off下车
go off (闹钟等)发出响声　 put off推迟
take off脱下；起飞　 turn off关掉
set off动身；启程　 shut off关闭；停止运转
{5940675A-B579-460E-94D1-54222C63F5DA}不同动词＋同一介词/副词
on短语
come on加油；赶快 　get on上车 　 keep on继续
pass on传递　 try on试穿 　 turn on打开
depend on依靠　 hold on别挂电话
put on穿上；上演；增加(体重)　
work on从事 feed on靠……为生
with短语
agree with同意　 begin with以……开始
deal with解决；处理 　catch up with赶上
come up with提出　 connect with与……相连
get along with与……相处
{5940675A-B579-460E-94D1-54222C63F5DA}不同动词＋同一介词/副词
up短语
bring up教育；培养 　cheer up使振奋
clean up打扫干净　 cut up切碎　 give up放弃
grow up成长　 hang up挂断电话 hurry up赶快　look up查找；查阅 mix up混合　 pick up捡起　
put up搭建；张贴 stay up熬夜　 show up出现　
wake up醒来 turn up调高音量　 set up建立；创办
dress up装扮　 make up编造；化妆　
use up用完 take up从事；开始；占据(时间、空间等)
注意：对于“动词＋副词”类的短语,如果是名词作宾语,那么这个名词既可以放在短语之间也可以放在短语的后面,但是如果是代词作宾语,则代词一定要放在短语之间。如：
He turned off all_the_lights when he left.当他离开时,他关上了所有的灯。
He picked it up and gave it to me.他捡起它,然后把它交给了我。
【典例剖析】
(2020·广元)The song Dream It Possible often reminds me that we should always try our best and never ________catching our dreams.
A.give up　　　 B.take up　　　 C.put up
剖析：句意：歌曲《梦想成真》经常提醒我记得我们应该总是尽我们最大努力,永远不要________追逐我们的梦想。give up放弃；take up占据；put up张贴。根据“try our best”可知此处用动词短语give up表示“不要放弃追逐梦想”。故选A。
【对点演练】
(　　)11.(2020·自贡)—We should form the good habit of saving food now.
—I agree,so I always ________ the food I order.
A.eat up B.give up C.turn up
(　　)12.(2020·青岛)Please remember to ________ the electricity and water before you leave the laboratory.
A.take off B.shut off
C.go off D.put off
A
B
(　　)13.(2020·盐城)These activities at bedtime can get kids excited and make it hard for them to ________and sleep.
A.come down B.break down
C.calm down D.sit down
(　　)14.(2020·丹东)—You seem tired.What's wrong?
—I ________ to study for my English test last night.
A.picked up B.woke up
C.cheered up D.stayed up
　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　 　　
C
D
(　　)1.(2020·黄石)—Angela,I want to make Russian soup.Would you please tell me how?
—I'm glad to.First,you need to ________ the vegetables and beef.
A.cut up B.cut down
C.cut off D.cut out
(　　)2.(2019·黄石汪仁中学中考模拟)—You have________ my dictionary for two weeks.
—Sorry,I'll give it back to you right now.
A.lent B.borrowed C.kept D.keep
A
C
(　　)3.(2020·黄石十四中教育集团九年级6月月考)—What should we do to help the children in the poor area?
—I think we can ________ them with books.
A.provide B.offer C.give D.afford
(　　)4.(2020·黄石4月中考模拟)—I am afraid I might forget to buy the bread after work.
—Don't worry.I will ________ you then.
A.notice B.allow C.remind D.promise
A
C
(　　)5.(2020·尹家湖中学中考一模)—Please ________ Sandy to turn off the lights when she leaves the office.
—OK,I will.
A.allow B.agree
C.encourage D.remind
(　　)6.(2019·黄石汪仁中学中考模拟)It ________ me 15 minutes to get to school on my bike.
A.costs B.spends
C.takes D.pays
D
C
(　　)7.(2020·大冶一中科技创新夏令营模拟)She has successfully ________ a career with bringing up a family.
A.joined B.connected C.managed D.combined
(　　)8.(2020·尹家湖中学中考二模)These problems are too hard to ________.Will you give me some advice?
A.look out B.work out C.hand out D.find out
D
B
(　　)9.(2020·黄石十五中6月月考)—The primary schools in Beijing will start their lessons,won't they?
—No,they will be ________ because of COVID?19.
A.put out B.put on C.put away D.put off
(　　)10.(2020·大冶一中科技创新夏令营模拟)—How did she become successful?
—As far as I know,her career ________ after her TV appearance.
A.took away B.took off C.took on D.took in
D
B
专题精练
单项选择
(　　)1.(2020·镇江)All my family members think people should ________ doctors and nurses for their contributions.
A.promise B.praise
C.present D.prepare
(　　)2.(2020·无锡)—We've discussed this many times.No jeans to the party!
—Very well then，if you ________.But where's my suit?
A.suggest B.imagine
C.agree D.insist
B
D
(　　)3.(2020·扬州)—I'm tired out.I have stayed up late the whole week.
—You'd better ________ your time better and have things organized.
A.make B.have
C.take D.manage
(　　)4.(2020·南京)China's efforts to stop the spread of COVID?19 will ________ the world's ability to limit the harm in the near future.
A.imagine B.invent
C.insist D.improve
D
D
(　　)5.(2020·无锡)—Hmm，something ________ so good.Is it a cake？Can I try some?
—Hand?made cookies.Still warm.Here you go!
A.feels B.looks C.smells D.tastes
(　　)6.(2020·南京)—Which bicycle should I choose，sir?
—It ________ what you want to use it for.
A.takes on B.carries on
C.puts on D.depends on
C
D
(　　)7.(2020·黔东南)Sam ________ a computer from me yesterday.
A.sold B.borrowed
C.lent D.returned
(　　)8.(2019·连云港)Through the stories behind the idioms，we would be able to fully ________ China's culture，history and tradition.
A.understand B.search
C.compare D.imagine
B
A
(　　)9.(2019·武汉)—Why were you shouting at Tom?
—I told him to be quiet，but he ________ talking.
A.joined in B.ended up
C.kept on D.put off
(　　)10.(2019·福建)My deskmate and I are going to ________ a talk show at the party to celebrate the 70th birthday of our motherland.
A.hand in B.put on
C.take out
C
B
(　　)11.(2019·东营)—The sale of oil?fueled vehicles(燃油车) will be stopped in Hainan province by 2030.
—Well，it will help ________ the environment.
A.improve B.study C.pollute D.control
(　　)12.(2019·东营)—Could we ________ the arriving time for school to 8：00 a.m.，Mr.Li?
—You mean 7：30 is a little earlier？Let's discuss it with the headmaster.
A.find out B.give up
C.put off D.cut out
A
C
(　　)13.(2019·宜昌)—About 20 million people in the world have no enough safe drinking water.
—So we should ________ how to deal with the problems of water.
A.put on B.look after
C.think about D.get on with
(　　)14.(2019·安徽)—Shall we go to the airport to ________ your sister?
—I don't think it's necessary.She will come here by taxi.
A.see off B.pick up
C.look after D.come across
C
B
(　　)15.(2019·武威)Don't forget to ________ the lights when they are not in use!
A.turn over B.turn off
C.turn up D.turn on
(　　)16.(2019·安徽)—Hello，Beijing Hotel.Can I help you?
—Yes，I'd like to ________ a single room for two nights.
A.enter B.move
C.book D.provide
B
C
(　　)17.(2019·北部湾)John, please ________ your dictionary from the schoolbag and look up the new word.
A.take away B.take up
C.take off D.take out
(　　)18.(2019·河北)On the first day of Chinese New Year，we ________ new clothes and visit people.
A.pick up B.put on
C.take off D.throw away
D
B
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