2021中考英语二轮复习语法专题精讲精练10.动词的时态和语态（41张PPT）

专题十　动词的时态和语态
2021中考英语二轮复习 语法专题突破 精讲精练
考点1 动词的时态
1.初中阶段常见六种时态的构成及用法
{5940675A-B579-460E-94D1-54222C63F5DA}一般现在时
用法
(1)表示现在经常性的状态或动作
(2)表示客观事实和真理
构成
(1)主语＋am/is/are(＋其他)
(2)主语＋动词原形/动词单三形式(＋其他)
标志词
often,sometimes,usually,always,never,twice a month,on Sunday,every day/week/month/year…(every系列)等
例句
The boy usually gets to school early.
这个男孩通常早早地到学校。
The moon moves around the earth.月亮绕着地球转。
{5940675A-B579-460E-94D1-54222C63F5DA}一般过去时
用法
表示过去的动作或状态
构成
(1)主语＋was/were(＋其他)
(2)主语＋动词的过去式(＋其他)
标志词
a moment ago,just now, …ago,last night/week/month…(last系列),yesterday, in＋过去的年份等
例句
We went to the History Museum last Monday.
上周一我们去了历史博物馆。
{5940675A-B579-460E-94D1-54222C63F5DA}一般将来时
用法
(1)表示将来的动作或状态(2)表示某种必然的趋势
构成
(1)主语＋will/shall＋动词原形(＋其他)(表示未来的事实或对将来的预测)
(2)主语＋am/is/are going to＋动词原形(＋其他)(表示打算、计划、愿意做某事,也可用来表示自然现象)
(3)主语＋am/is/are＋动词的现在分词(＋其他)(常用于这种结构的动词有come,go,leave,arrive,start,begin等,表示即将发生或安排好要做的事情)
标志词
tonight,tomorrow,from now on,soon,in the future,next year(next系列)等
注意：在时间、条件和让步状语从句中,从句用一般现在时表将来
例句
The twins will go to the cinema with their parents tonight.
这对双胞胎今晚将和他们的父母一起去看电影。
He is going to visit his grandparents tomorrow.
他明天将要去探望他的爷爷奶奶。
I am leaving for Beijing this evening.
我今晚将动身前往北京。
{5940675A-B579-460E-94D1-54222C63F5DA}现在进行时
用法
(1)此刻动作：目前正在发生的动作
(2)现阶段动作：目前一个时期一直在进行的动作，此刻不一定在进行
构成
主语＋am/is/are＋动词的现在分词(＋其他)
标志词
now，at present，at the moment，these days，look，listen等
例句
Look！What are the children doing over there？
看！孩子们在那边做什么呢？
{5940675A-B579-460E-94D1-54222C63F5DA}过去进行时
用法
(1)表示过去某个时刻正在进行的动作
(2)表示过去某段时间持续进行的动作
构成
主语＋was/were＋动词的现在分词(＋其他)
标志词
at that time/moment，this time yesterday，at 1：00 last night, then等
例句
I was reading when he came in.
当他进来的时候，我正在读书。
{5940675A-B579-460E-94D1-54222C63F5DA}现在完成时
用法
(1)表示到现在为止已经完成的动作，强调对现在造成的影响
(2)表示从过去开始延续到现在的动作或状态
构成
主语＋have/has＋动词的过去分词(＋其他)
标志词
yet，still，just，so far，before，recently，once，already，lately，ever，never，since 1996，in the last/past…，for ten years(for系列)等
注意：非延续性动词不与一段时间连用，如果要与一段时间连用，必须转换成延续性动词
例句
He has been to Guiyang only once.他只去过贵阳一次。
I have been in the Youth Volunteers for five years.
我来到青年志愿者队已经五年了。
2.常见非延续性动词对应的延续性动词
{5940675A-B579-460E-94D1-54222C63F5DA}非延续性动词
延续性动词
非延续性动词
延续性动词
borrow
keep
open
be open
leave
be away
join
be in/bea member of
arrive in/at/reach/get to
be in
begin/start
be on
buy
have
catch a cold
have a cold
come back
be back
die
be dead
fall asleep/ill
be asleep/ill
marry
be married
注意：
现在进行时与always,often,forever等副词连用,表示反复出现或习惯性的动作,这种用法往往表达说话人的某种感情,如赞扬、遗憾、讨厌或不满等。如：
The rich woman is always laughing at the poor.这个有钱的女士总是嘲笑穷人。
拓展：1.一般过去时和现在完成时的易混辨析
两者都表示过去发生的事情。但一般过去时只强调过去发生的事情本身,不涉及与现在的关系；现在完成时则强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响,主要说明现在的情况。如：
I opened the door just now.我刚才开了门。(指刚才做了“开门”的动作,但现在门是否开着,并未说明)
I have opened the door.我已经把门打开了(门现在还开着)
2.一般过去时和过去进行时的易混辨析
一般过去时表示过去发生过的动作,强调动作结束了,侧重于事实；过去进行时表示动作在过去某时刻或某段时间内正在进行,强调动作的持续性和未完成性。如：
I wrote a letter to a friend last night.昨天晚上我给一个朋友写了一封信。(信写完了,强调事实)
I was writing a letter to a friend at this time last night.昨天晚上这个时候,我在给一个朋友写一封信。(信不一定写完,强调动作)
【典例剖析】
(2020·凉山)—Jack,I'm busy doing the washing.Can you give me a hand?
—Wait a moment.I ________the bed.
A.am making B.will make
C.was making D.have made
剖析：句意：——杰克,我正忙着洗衣服。你能帮我一下吗？——等一下。我________铺床。am making现在进行时；will make一般将来时；was making过去进行时；have made现在完成时。根据上下文情境可知,这里表示现在正在做的事情,应该用现在进行时,故选A。
【对点演练】
(　　)1.(2020·重庆A卷)Listen！Our teacher ________in the music classroom.
A.sings B.sang
C.will sing D.is singing
(　　)2.(2020·长沙)—What happened to Mrs.Smart?
—She cut herself while she ________ lunch.
A.prepares B.is preparing
C.was preparing
D
C
(　　)3.(2020·福建)Han Mei,a good friend of mine,________ me a lot with my English in the past three years.
A.helps B.helped
C.has helped
4.(2020·无锡)Don't worry.Hobo is a smart dog and I'm sure he _________(come) back soon.
5.(2020·荆门)Although his parents didn't want him to work abroad,Li Yang ________(stick) to his own decision.
C
will come
stuck
考点2 被动语态
{5940675A-B579-460E-94D1-54222C63F5DA}时态
被动语态
示例
一般现在时
am/is/are＋动词的过去分词
The flowers are often watered by her.
一般过去时
was/were＋动词的过去分词
A farm was visited yesterday by us.
一般将来时
will/shall＋be＋动词的过去分词
Some trees will be planted this week by her.
现在进行时
am/is/are＋being＋动词的过去分词
A novel is being read by him.
现在完成时
have/has been＋动词的过去分词
His room has been cleaned by him.
含情态动词
情态动词＋be＋动词的过去分词
Your homework must be finished in time.
【注意】几种特殊的被动语态： 　　
{5940675A-B579-460E-94D1-54222C63F5DA}种类
构成
示例
主动语态中省to的动词变被动
变为被动语态时，省去的to要加上
The workers were made to work 12 hours a day.
含双宾语的动词变被动
(1)sb.＋be＋vp.p＋sth.(2)sth.＋be＋vp.p＋介＋sb.
I was given a present.A present was given to me.
含短语的动词变被动
主＋be＋vp.p＋介/副
The young man was sent away from school.
【特例】(1)open,lock,write,read,sell,feel,clean,wash,cut,drive等词作不及物动词时,它们的主语为物,可用主动语态表示被动含义。如：
This kind of pen writes very smoothly.这种钢笔写起来很流畅。
This kind of shirts sells well here.这种款式的衬衫在这里卖得很好。
(2)look,sound,taste,smell等系动词用主动形式表示被动含义。如：
School uniforms look good on us.校服穿在我们身上很好看。
The cake smells delicious.这蛋糕闻起来很可口。
【典例剖析】
(2020·滨州)—Will you go to Lisa's housewarming party next Sunday?
—Well,if I________,I will go on time.
A.invite　　　B.will invite C.am invited D.will be invited
剖析：句意：——下星期天你会去丽萨的乔迁派对吗？——呃,如果我________,我会准时去的。invite邀请,动词原形；will invite一般将来时；am invited一般现在时的被动语态；will be invited一般将来时的被动语态。结合语境可知,主语I和选项动词invite之间是被动关系,表示“被邀请”,因此用被动语态；if引导的条件状语从句,遵循“主将从现”的原则,主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时,因此从句用一般现在时的被动语态,所以此处用am invited。故选C。
【对点演练】
(　　)6.(2020·铜仁)—China is getting stronger and stronger.
—Yes.So Chinese________ by more and more foreigners.
A.learn B.learned
C.is learned D.was learned
(　　)7.(2020·黔西南)A number of volunteers will ________ for the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic Games.
A.be needed B.are needed
C.are needing D.be needing
C
A
(　　)8.(2020·泸州)Our plan to have a graduation ceremony ________ in the next class meeting.
A.was discussed B.will discuss
C.is discussed D.will be discussed
9.(2020·龙东)After New China was _________(found),people lived a happy life.
10.(2020·武威)A new big park _________________(build) in our city next year.
　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　 　　
D
founded
will be built
(　　)1.(2019·黄石)In February,Chinese tech company Huawei ________ Mate X,a foldable(可折叠的) 5G mobile phone.
A.is introducing B.introduced
C.introduces D.was introduced
(　　)2.(2018·黄石)Nowadays,because of the Readers(《朗读者》) by CCTV,many book fans ________ reading in public places.
A.will see B.were seen
C.are seen D.have seen
B
C
(　　)3.(2020·黄石九年级4月调研)—Where is Lucy?
—She ________ in the library.
A.reads B.is reading
C.read D.has read
(　　)4.(2020·华中学校中考一模)—I'm sorry to have kept you waiting long.
—Never mind.I ________ here for only a few minutes.
A.have been B.have come
C.have arrived D.waited
B
A
(　　)5.(2020·黄石十五中6月月考)—Where is Catherine？I haven't seen her for days.
—She ________ Wuhan.She'll be back next week.
A.has gone to B.has been to
C.have gone to D.have been to
(　　)6.(2020·黄石九年级6月模拟)—Guilin is a wonderful place.I ________ there many years ago.
—Yes.I ________ there many times.
A.went；have been B.have gone；went
C.went；have gone D.have been；went
A
A
(　　)7.(2020·阳新中考模拟)A lot of trees ________ around here every year,and we can enjoy fresher air now.
A.were planted B.are planted
C.will be planted D.are planting
(　　)8.(2020·黄石九年级4月调研)The village is building a school.I hope it ________ before July this year.
A.finishes B.will finish
C.has finished D.will be finished
B
D
(　　)9.(2020·尹家湖中学中考一模)—Mom,when can I watch TV?
—As soon as your homework ________.
A.finish B.is finished
C.finished D.will be finished
(　　)10.(2020·黄石十五中6月月考)—Oh,your room is too dirty,Mike!
—Sorry,Mom.It ________ yesterday.I forgot to do it.
A.didn't clean B.isn't cleaned
C.was cleaned D.wasn't cleaned
B
D
(　　)11.(2020·大冶市九年级6月调研)The Hong Kong?Zhuhai?Macao Bridge ________ in 2018.We are proud of it.
A.is completed B.is completing
C.was completed D.completes
C
专题精练
单项选择
(　　)1.(2020·凉山)As the most exciting and traditional way to shop，street markets ________ here and there in China these days.
A.find B.found
C.are found D.were found
(　　)2.(2020·乐山)—Hello，John.This is Mike.What are you doing now?
—I'm watching a film on TV.It ________ at 7：30 and will be on for another hour.
A.starts B.started C.has started
C
B
(　　)3.(2020·广元)—I asked him a question，but he didn't reply.
—Maybe he ________about something else while you were asking.
A.thought B.thinks
C.was thinking
(　　)4.(2020·临沂)Thanks for letting us borrow your camera.We ________ it to you next Monday.
A.return B.will return
C.have returned
C
B
(　　)5.(2020·菏泽)—Have you ever ________to Caozhou Peony Garden?
—Yes，I________ there last year.
A.been；went B.gone；went
C.been；gone
(　　)6.(2020·武汉)—Do you need any help?
—No，thanks.We ________ a lot of support since last year.
A.have offered B.have been offered
C.were offered D.were offering
A
B
(　　)7.(2020·恩施)I hear that it often ________ in Sichuan and there are usually floods，especially in summer.
A.rains B.rained
C.will rain
(　　)8.(2020·湖北四市联考)—I called you yesterday afternoon，but you didn't pick up.
—Sorry.I ________ an online class at that time.
A.take B.took
C.is taking D.was taking
A
D
(　　)9.(2020·镇江)—Hi! Daniel.You didn't attend the chess class last night.
—Oh，I ________ my son's model plane.
A.am repairing B.repair
C.have repaired D.was repairing
(　　)10.(2020·苏州)—Wow，you've made so much progress in drawing.
—Thanks.I ________ two online courses this winter holiday.
A.took B.will take
C.take D.was taking
D
A
(　　)11.(2020·重庆B)When I was young，I ________ by my grandparents.
A.look after B.looked after
C.am looked after D.was looked after
(　　)12.(2020·咸宁)—Our school sports meet ________ next week.Which sport will you take part in?
—The long jump and the high jump.I'm good at jumping.
A.holds B.held
C.was held D.will be held
D
D
(　　)13.(2020·江西)You ________ lunch at school.So you don't have to bring your own food.
A.give B.will give
C.are given D.have given
(　　)14.(2020·天津)That machine is broken.It ________ tomorrow.
A.repaired B.was repaired
C.will repair D.will be repaired
C
D
(　　)15.(2019·盐城)In Chinese culture，children born in the Year of the Monkey ________ to be smart.
A.say B.said
C.will be said D.are said
(　　)16.(2019·温州)—Linda，Dad has finished his work and we ________ to the gym to pick you up.
—Thank you，Mum.
A.drive B.drove C.have driven D.are driving
D
D
(　　)17.(2019·江西)—Hurry up!
—One moment.I ________ my e?mail and then I'm ready to go.
A.read B.am reading
C.was reading D.have read
(　　)18.(2019·河北)He ________ me his name，but I can't remember it now.
A.tells B.will tell C.told D.is telling　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　 　　
B
C
(　　)19.(2019·咸宁)—The passenger refused to move after taking another one's seat!
—What a shame！He ________ according to the newly credit system(诚信体系).
A.punish B.punished
C.will punish D.will be punished
D
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