2021中考英语二轮复习语法专题精讲精练11非谓语动词（44张PPT）

专题十一　非谓语动词
2021中考英语二轮复习 语法专题突破 精讲精练
考点1 动词不定式
{5940675A-B579-460E-94D1-54222C63F5DA}常用
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作主语
位于句首,谓语动词常用单数
To speak English well isn't an easy job.说好英语不是件容易的事。
作宾语
接不定式作宾语,且多用来表示命令、打算或希望的动词(词组)有would like,like,want,wish,hope,decide,plan,expect等
They decided to change their mind.
他们决定改变主意。
在find,think后面接不定式作宾语时,常用it作形式宾语,而将真正的宾语放在句尾
I find it easy to read English every day.我发现每天读英语很容易。
常见的一些不带to的动词不定式：why not do…,would rather do, had better (not) do…,could/would/will you please do…
I would rather stay at home.
我宁愿待在家里。
{5940675A-B579-460E-94D1-54222C63F5DA}常用
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作宾语补足语
tell,ask,want,allow,would like,encourage后面常接动词不定式作宾语补足语,宾语补足语与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系
He asks the little girl to finish her homework every day.
他要求这个小女孩每天都完成作业。
一些使役动词和感官动词也用不定式作宾补,这时不定式要省略to。这些动词有一感(feel),二听(hear,listen to),三让(let,make,have),四看(look at,see,watch,notice)。但变为被动语态时,to要还原
The boss made them work the whole night.
那位老板让他们工作了一整夜。
{5940675A-B579-460E-94D1-54222C63F5DA}常用
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作定语
不定式作定语时,应放在被修饰词之后
There is nothing to worry about.没有什么可担心的。
作状语
不定式作状语的逻辑主语与句子主语保持一致,在句中表原因或目的
Every morning he gets up very early to exercise.
他每天早上早起锻炼。
作状语
不定式作状语可位于句末,在句中表结果
He returned home to learn his son had gone to the countryside.他返回家中获悉他的儿子已经去了乡下。
{5940675A-B579-460E-94D1-54222C63F5DA}常用
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作状语
常用句型：主语＋be＋happy/glad/pleased/angry/sorry/careful/ready＋to do sth.
I'm glad to see you again.
我很高兴再次见到你。
作表语
不定式可直接跟在连系动词后作表语
Our plan is to set up another middle school for the children.我们的计划是为孩子们创办另一所中学。
◆常接动词不定式作宾语的动词(短语)
afford负担得起　　 agree同意　　 　arrange安排
choose选择 continue继续 dare敢
decide决定 expect期望 fail失败
happen碰巧 help帮助(to可省略)
hope希望 learn学习 like喜欢
manage设法 offer提供 plan计划
prefer更喜欢 prepare准备 promise承诺
refuse拒绝 seem似乎 wish希望
would like/want想要
◆常接动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词
advise建议 allow允许 ask要求
encourage鼓励　　　　　 expect期望
force强迫 help帮助(to可省略)
invite邀请 order命令
persuade说服 remind提醒
require/request要求 teach教
tell告诉 want想要
warn警告 train训练
◆特殊结构的不定式
{5C22544A-7EE6-4342-B048-85BDC9FD1C3A}结构
示例
too…to…结构
He's too young to go alone.
他年纪太小,不能独自去。
prefer to do…
rather than do…
She prefers to read books at home rather than go out for a walk.她宁愿在家读书也不愿外出散步。
疑问词
＋不定式
作主语
How to solve the problem is very important.
怎样解决这个问题非常重要。
作宾语
He didn't know what to say.他不知道要说些什么。
作表语
The question is where to find the water.
问题是哪儿能找到水源。
【典例剖析】
(2020·达州)Our government tries to do everything they can ________ people live a better life.
A.to help　　　 　　B.help
C.helping D.helped
剖析：句意：我们的政府尽他们所能________人们过上更好的生活。 to help动词不定式；help动词原形；helping动名词或现在分词；helped过去式或过去分词。根据句子结构可知,they can作后置定语修饰everything,不影响空格处动词help的形式,故空格处应填入动词不定式作目的状语,故选A。
【对点演练】
(　　)1.(2020·安顺)With the improvement in transportation,students in some small villages no longer go on ropeways ________ rivers to schools.
A.to cross　 　B.crossing 　　C.crossed
(　　)2.(2020·天津)I've just watched a TV programme about space.I hope ________on the moon one day.
A.walk B.walked C.walking D.to walk
A
D
(　　)3.(2020·泰州)More and more teenagers have poor eyesight,so parents and teachers should take actions ________ the situation from getting worse.
A.stop B.stopping C.stopped D.to stop
4.(2020·无锡)Schools are still closed in some countries ________(stop) the spread of the virus.
5.(2020·淮安)Social workers in our community are patient enough _____________(explain) how to register Huaishangtong(注册淮上通).
D
to stop
to explain
考点2 动词?ing形式
【说明】这里所说的动词?ing形式是指动名词和现在分词的合称。 　　
{5C22544A-7EE6-4342-B048-85BDC9FD1C3A}功能
示例
作主语
Skating on the thin ice is dangerous.
作宾语
I finished doing my homework.
作表语
The nurse's job is looking after the patients.
作定语
She is in the reading room.
作宾语补足语
He kept the machine running for ten hours.
作状语
They went out of the classroom,talking and laughing.
◆常跟动名词的动词(短语)及搭配
advise/suggest建议　　　　 avoid避免
consider考虑 enjoy喜欢
finish完成 imagine想象
keep坚持 mind介意
miss错过 practice练习
stand容忍 be busy忙于
be/get used to习惯于 be worth值得
can't help情不自禁 feel like想要
give up放弃 succeed in成功
pay attention to注意 keep on继续
look forward to盼望
spend time (in) doing sth.花费时间做某事
stop/prevent sb. from doing sth.防止/阻止某人做某事
have fun/trouble/problem/difficulty (in) doing sth.做某事有乐趣/麻烦/问题/困难
◆有些动词既可接不定式也可接动名词形式作宾语,但表达的意思不同。
①
②
③
stop doing sth.停止做某事
stoptodosth.停下来去做某事
try doing sth.尝试做某事
try to do sth.尽力去做某事
forget doing sth.忘了做过某事
forget to do sth.忘了去做某事(未做)
④
⑤
⑥
remember doing sth. 记得做过某事
remember to do sth.记得去做某事(未做)
need doing sth. 需要做某事(被动含义)
need to do sth.需要去做某事(主动含义)
hear/ see sb, doing sth听见/看见某人正在做某事
hear/see sb. do sth.听见/看见某人做了某事
注意：
①有些动词可接不定式,也可接动名词,且含义基本相同,此类常见动词有：like,love,hate,prefer,begin,start,continue等。
②动名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
③动名词可以作介词的宾语,但是动词不定式不可以。
④动名词的否定形式可直接在其前加否定词。如：Would you mind not smoking here?
【典例剖析】
(2020·自贡)—The movie The Wandering Earth is wonderful.Do you feel like ________it tonight?
—I'd love to,but my parents won't let me ________out too late.
A.watching；to stay B.to watch；staying
C.watching；stay
剖析：句意：——电影《流浪地球》很精彩。你今晚想________它吗？——我很想去,但我父母不让我在外面________太晚。feel like意为“想要；想做……”,后面跟动名词作宾语,即feel like doing sth.“想做某事”；let sb.do sth.“让某人做某事”,let后跟省略to的不定式作宾补。故选C。
【对点演练】
(　　)6.(2019·昆明)Yunnan Museum is such an interesting place that many kids have fun ________ it.
A.visiting B.to visit
C.reading D.to read
A
7.(2020·泰州)—Could you tell me what the sign means?
—Keep distance in public places to avoid _____________(catch) a virus.
8.(2020·绥化)When he heard the good news,he couldn't help __________(jump).
9.(2020·鄂州)To keep healthy,we should pay attention to ______________(wear) masks and washing hands.
10.(2020·武威)Do you mind me ____________(open) the window?
catching
jumping
wearing
opening
考点3 动词的过去分词
{5C22544A-7EE6-4342-B048-85BDC9FD1C3A}功能
示例
作表语
The door remained locked.
作定语
The building built last year is now a department store.
作宾语补足语
I heard my name called.
作状语
Compared with you,we still have a long way to go.
注意：
(1)动词的过去分词常用于“be＋动词过去分词”结构表示被动语态。如：I was shocked by the news.我被这个新闻震惊了。
(2)动词过去分词常用于“have/has/had＋动词过去分词”结构,构成现在完成时和过去完成时。如：
I have finished my homework.我已经完成了家庭作业。
The bus had left when I got there.当我到那儿时,公交车已经走了。
【典例剖析】
(2020·苏州)In ancient times,food was ________ (存储) up for winter.
剖析：句意：在古代,食物________以备过冬。store up意为“储存；积累”。主语food与动词store之间是动宾关系,要用被动语态,结合空前was,可知此处用“was＋动词的过去分词”构成一般过去时的被动语态。store的过去分词是stored。故答案为stored。
【对点演练】
11.(2020·绥化)Eric,your car is so dirty.You should go and get it __________(wash).
12.(2019·无锡)You told me you had ________(deal) with these letters.Why are they still here?
washed
dealt
13.(2019·扬州)In the past,many rivers were ___________(污染) seriously,but now they are cleaned up.
14.(2019·杭州)I'm very hungry.I haven't e________ anything since 7：00 this morning.
15.(2019·宁波)In Ningbo,everyone knows that things in blue rubbish bins can be ____________(回收利用).
　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　 　　
polluted
aten
recycled
(　　)1.(2020·黄石)He spent two hours ________ his mother with housework last Sunday.
A.helping B.helped
C.to help D.help
(　　)2.(2020·黄石十四中教育集团九年级6月月考)—Let's swim here.
—Oh,no.Look at the sign.It warns us not ________ in the river.
A.swim B.swimming
C.to swim D.to swimming
A
C
(　　)3.(2020·黄石九年级5月调研)It took him two hours ________ his homework.
A.finishing B.finished
C.to finish D.to finishing
(　　)4.(2020·黄石十五中6月月考)—Father's Day is coming.What's your surprise for your father?
—________ him happy,I'll make a card for him.
A.Made B.Make
C.To make D.Makes
C
C
(　　)5.(2020·尹家湖中学中考一模)Though he often made his little sister ________,today he was made ________ by his little sister.
A.cry；to cry B.crying；crying
C.cry；cry D.to cry；cry
(　　)6.(2019·黄石河口中学中考模拟)Why don't you join an English language club to practice ________ English?
A.speak B.to speak
C.speaking D.spoke
A
C
(　　)7.(2020·黄石九年级6月模拟)—What about going to the cinema on foot with me,Wei Ming?
—I prefer ________ a bike to ________ there.
A.ride；walk B.riding；walk
C.ride；walking D.riding；walking
(　　)8.(2019·黄石地区九年级3月模拟)—Let's go to the bookstore this afternoon.
—Sorry,I can't go with you.Something is wrong with my computer,and I'll get it ________.
A.repair B.repaired C.repairing D.to repair
D
B
专题精练
Ⅰ.单项选择
(　　)1.(2020·苏州)The doctors and nurses managed ________ the lives of patients，though they didn't have enough medicine.
A.save B.saving
C.to save D.to saving
(　　)2.(2020·盐城)The Birdwatching Society goes to Zhalong Nature Reserve________ the birds every year.
A.to count B.counting
C.count D.counts
C
A
(　　)3.(2020·新疆)—Why don't the doctors stop ________ lunch?
—Because they are busy ________ a patient.
A.to have；to save B.having：saving
C.to have；saving D.having；to save
(　　)4.(2020·大庆)—What's next?
—I'll have Tony ________ you around.
A.to show B.show
C.showed D.shown
C
B
(　　)5.(2020·龙东)We should do what we can ________ those people when they are in trouble.
A.to help 　　 B.helped 　　　　C.help
(　　)6.(2020·上海)Doctors tell us ________ our hands before and after every meal.
A.wash B.washed
C.washing D.to wash
A
D
(　　)7.(2020·福建)The twin brothers are busy ________ artworks from ocean waste.
A.making 　　 B.make 　　　C.to make
(　　)8.(2020·广元)—What should we pay attention to ________mistakes during the exams?
—Some details.
A.avoiding making B.avoid to make
C.to avoid making
A
C
(　　)9.(2020·广元)Gina used to live in the countryside with her parents，but now she is used to ________with her classmates at school.
A.live 　　 B.living 　　　 C.lived
(　　)10.(2020·齐齐哈尔)Most students look forward to ________ back to the classroom to have lessons with their classmates.
A.come 　　 B.came 　　　 C.coming
B
C
(　　)11.(2020·上海)The engineers will keep ________ the project with the manager of the company.
A.discuss B.discussed
C.discussing D.to discuss
(　　)12.(2020·海南)Frank and his friends had great fun ________ volleyball on the beach yesterday.
A.play 　　 B.playing 　　　　C.to play
C
B
(　　)13.(2019·广元)My teacher doesn't allow us ________ in the classroom.
A.eating 　　 B.to eat 　　　　 C.ate
(　　)14.(2019·河南)—Do you always get up so early?
—Yes，________ the first bus.My home is far away from school.
A.catch B.to catch
C.catching D.caught
(　　)15.(2019·苏州)—Please stay with me this weekend.
—I'm sorry，but my father and I planned ________ Beijing a long time ago.
A.visit B.visiting
C.to visit D.visited
B
B
C
Ⅱ.用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空
16.(2020·甘孜改编)He felt tired，so he stopped ________(have) a rest under the tree.
17.(2020·恩施改编)My sister has gone to work in Beijing，not for money，but __________(improve) herself.
18.(2020·天水改编)Reading is a good way ________(know) the world.
19.(2020·岳阳改编)I haven't seen my best friend Lucy for 2 months.I'm looking forward to ________(have) a video call with her.
to have
to improve
to know
having
20.(2020·乐山改编)The singer was often seen to practice ________(sing) songs near the woods three years ago.
21.(2019·无锡)____________(realize) his lifelong dream，the young man went to the Hollywood by himself，with only a few dollars in his pocket.
22.(2019·绥化)We are not expected ________(arrive) late when we have a meeting.
23.(2019·大庆)There are many ways of ________(get) information about the Belt and Road(一带一路).
singing
To realize
to arrive
getting
24.(2019·大庆)My mother and I went to the airport ________(meet) my father yesterday.
25.(2019·泰州)—Do you have any difficulty ________(chat) with your deaf uncle?
—No.His body language helps me understand him well.
to meet
chatting
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