2021中考英语二轮复习语法专题精讲精练12简单句和主谓一致（60张PPT）

专题十二　
简单句和主谓一致
2021中考英语二轮复习 语法专题突破 精讲精练
考点1 陈述句的五种基本句型
{5940675A-B579-460E-94D1-54222C63F5DA}构成
类型
例句
由一个主语(含并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)构成
S＋Vi
An accident happened yesterday.
S＋V＋P
Your idea sounds good.
S＋Vt＋O
We want to see him.
S＋Vt＋IO＋DO
My father made me a kite.
S＋Vt＋O＋OC
He made us stand here.
注意：“S”指主语,“V”指谓语,“P”指表语,“O”指宾语,“IO”指间接宾语,“DO”为直接宾语,“OC”指宾语补足语。
【典例剖析】
(2020·南京)Many Chinese characters symbolise their meanings,unlike English words which are spelt out according to how they sound.
The underlined word “symbolise” in the sentence is a(n) ________.
A.noun　 　　B.verb C.adjective D.adverb
剖析：句意：很多汉字代表着它们的含义,不像英语单词是根据读音被拼写出来的。noun名词；verb动词；adjective形容词；adverb副词。题意问的是画线的单词“symbolise”是什么词性。分析前半句结构可知,前半句的结构是“主语＋谓语＋宾语”。主语是“Many Chinese characters”；谓语是“symbolise”,动词,意为“象征”；宾语是“their meanings”。故选B。
【对点演练】
(　　)1.(2019·白银)What is the sentence pattern of “I love English.”？
A.S＋V B.S＋V＋O
C.S＋V＋P D.S＋V＋O＋OC
(　　)2.(2020·武威)The sentence pattern of “I enjoy living in Gansu.” is________.
A.S＋V＋O B.S＋V＋P
C.S＋V＋IO＋DO D.S＋V＋DO＋OC
B
A
考点2 疑问句
{5940675A-B579-460E-94D1-54222C63F5DA}类别
结构
示例
一般疑问句
Be＋主语＋其他？
Is this your schoolbag？
情态动词＋主语＋动词原形＋其他？
Can you sing a song for us？
助动词＋主语＋动词原形/过去分词＋其他？
Have you been there？
特殊疑问句
特殊疑问词＋一般疑问句？
Where is Mike from？
选择疑问句
一般疑问句＋or＋另一个备选对象

—Is your friend a boy or a girl?
—He is a boy.
特殊疑问句＋or＋另一个备选对象
反意疑问句
陈述句/祈使句＋简短问句
They like reading books,don't they？
【归纳】中考常考的与how有关的疑问词组：
{5C22544A-7EE6-4342-B048-85BDC9FD1C3A}疑问词组
含义
用法
how many
多少
提问数量,后跟可数名词复数
how much
多少(钱)
提问数量,后跟不可数名词；询问价格
how often
多久一次
提问频率
how long
多长时间
提问持续的时间,答语用“for＋一段时间”或“since＋过去时间点”
how soon
多久
提问将来时间,答语用“in＋一段时间”
how far
多远
提问距离
how old
多大
提问年
1.否定的一般疑问句通常以be动词、情态动词或助动词与not构成的缩略形式开头,往往表示惊讶、赞叹、怀疑等语气。作简略回答时也要用yes或no,但其汉语翻译与其原意正好相反。如：
—Don't you hear of that？你没有听说过吗？
—Yes,I do.不,我听说过。/
—No,I don't.是的,我没有听说过。
2.特殊的反意疑问句
(1)当陈述部分含有否定意义的词如hardly,few,little,no,nobody,no one,nothing等时,附加疑问部分则用肯定形式。但若陈述部分含有带否定前缀如im?,un?,in?,dis?等的派生词时,仍作为肯定结构,附加疑问部分用否定形式。
(2)陈述部分为“I am…”的反意疑问句的附加疑问部分应为aren't I。
(3)如果陈述部分是肯定或否定的祈使句,附加疑问部分须用will you。
(4)当陈述部分是let's do sth.时,疑问部分须用shall we来反问；而当陈述部分是let sb.do sth.时,疑问部分则用will you来反问。
(5)当陈述部分主语是不定代词nobody,somebody,no one等时,疑问部分可以用复数代词they,也可以用he；当陈述部分主语是不定代词nothing,something时,疑问部分须用代词it。
(6)若陈述部分为there be句型,附加疑问部分仍用be/be的否定形式＋there。
(7)陈述部分含有must,表示“必须”时,附加疑问部分用mustn't。若陈述部分含must,表示推测意义“必定”时,则附加疑问部分应根据陈述部分用相应的系动词或助动词。
【典例剖析】
(2020·达州)—________ is your school from your home,Gina?
—Only ten minutes' walk.
A.How long　　　 　B.How far
C.How many D.How soon
剖析：句意：——吉娜,从学校到你家________？——只有十分钟的步行距离。考查特殊疑问词。how long多长时间；how far多远；how many多少；how soon多久以后。根据下文“Only ten minutes' walk”可知此处是对距离提问,应该用how far。故选B。
【对点演练】
(　　)3.(2020·盐城)What our society is like is decided by ________ everyone chooses to behave.
A where B.when C.how D.why
(　　)4.(2020·北京)—________ do you visit your grandparents,Tom?
—Twice a month.
A.How much B.How often
C.How long D.How soon
C
B
(　　)5.(2020·宜昌)—________ did the rules about keeping civilized dogs(文明养狗) come out in Yichang?
—I'm not sure about the exact date but I totally agree.
A.Why B.When C.Who D.What
(　　)6.(2020·黔南)—It's Father's Day,________？
—Yes.Let's buy a gift for Dad.He works very hard for us.
A.isn't it B.doesn't it
C.isn't he D.doesn't he
B
A
考点3 祈使句
1.句式结构
(1)肯定祈使句 　　
{5C22544A-7EE6-4342-B048-85BDC9FD1C3A}类型
结构
示例
Do型
动词原形(＋宾语)＋其他成分
Listen to me carefully.
仔细听我说。
Be型
Be＋表语(名词或形容词)＋其他成分
Be careful！小心！
Let型
Let＋宾语＋动词原形＋其他成分
Let's have another try.
让我们再试一次。
(2)否定祈使句
{5940675A-B579-460E-94D1-54222C63F5DA}类型
结构
示例
Do型
在句首加don't构成
Don't read in the sun！
不要在太阳底下看书！
Be型
在句首加don't构成
Don't be late for class！
上课不要迟到！
Let型
在句首加don't构成。宾语为第三人称时,也可用“Let＋宾语＋not＋动词原形＋其他成分”
Don't let him go there alone.不要让他单独去那里。
Let him not come in.
别让他进来。
有些可用no开头,用来表示禁止性的祈使句
NO PHOTOS！禁止拍照！
NO PARKING！禁止停车！
(3)其他类祈使句
Why don't you do sth.？＝Why not do sth.？相当于“Please do sth.”？如：
Why don't you go out to play？＝Why not go out to play？为什么不出去玩？
2.应答祈使句时要用将来时。如：
—Please remember to take the dog out for a walk every day.请记住每天带狗出去散步。
—Yes,I will.好的,我会的。
—Don't take your mobile phone to school！不要把你的手机带到学校来！
—Sorry,I won't.对不起,我不会了。
3.“祈使句＋and/or＋结果状语从句”结构。如：
Work harder,and you'll get good grades.再努力一点儿,你就会取得好成绩。
Hurry up,or you'll be late for class.快点儿,否则你上课就要迟到了。
【典例剖析】
(2020·绥化)________ walk on the grass.
A.Doesn't　　　 　B.Don't　 　　　C.Not
剖析：句意：不要踩踏草坪。空格后为实义动词walk,故本句适用Do型祈使句,其否定形式为在祈使句首加Don't。故选B。
【对点演练】
(　　)7.(2020·湘西)Please ________ the rubbish into different litter bins according to the signs.
A.puts　　 　B.put　 　　C.to put
8.(2020·铜仁)Big sale！________(买) more and save more.
9.(2020·安徽)Never c________(横穿) the street when the red light is on.
10.(2020·淮安)______________(not make) any noise.The baby is sleeping.
B
Buy
ross
Don't make
考点4 感叹句
用来表示说话人强烈的喜、怒、哀、乐等感情的句子叫感叹句。感叹句由what或how引导,具体用法如下表：
{5C22544A-7EE6-4342-B048-85BDC9FD1C3A}类别
结构
示例
以what引导
What+ a/an + adj. +单数可数名词+主语+谓语!
What a beautiful mountain it is!
What+adj.+复数可数名词+主语+谓语!
What great inventions he has made!
What+adj.+不可数名词+主语+谓语!
What bad weather it is today!
{5C22544A-7EE6-4342-B048-85BDC9FD1C3A}类别
结构
示例
以how引导
How+ adj.+a/an+单数可数名词+主语+谓语!
How clever a boy he is!
How+ adj. /adv. +主语+谓语!
How quickly Tom runs!
How+主语+谓语!
How time flies !
【典例剖析】
(2020·广元)—Do you know that we have already made great progress in 5G?
—Oh,________exciting news!
A.how　　　 　B.what an　　　 C.what
剖析：句意：——你知道我们在5G上已经有了很大的进展吗？——喔,
________令人兴奋的消息！how引导感叹句后面接形容词或副词；what引导感叹句后面接名词。句中news是不可数名词,表示“消息”,前面用what来引导感叹句,而且不需要用不定冠词an。故选C。
【对点演练】
(　　)11.(2020·龙东)________amazing the story is！I want to read it again.
A.How　 　　B.What　　 　C.What an
(　　)12.(2020·益阳)—________ beautiful city!
—Yes.Tourists from all over the world come to visit it every year.
A.How B.What C.What a
A
C
(　　)13.(2020·安顺)—Pingtang Bridge has the highest concrete bridge tower in the world.
—________ amazing it is!
A.How　　　 B.What　　 　 C.What an
(　　)14.(2019·贵阳)—Yan Ning is one of 25 foreign associates(院士) in the US National Academy of Sciences.
—________excellent she is!
A.What an　 　 B.What　　　 C.How
A
C
考点5 倒装句
{5C22544A-7EE6-4342-B048-85BDC9FD1C3A}结构
示例
so＋助动词/情态动词/be动词＋主语(主语不是同一个人, 意为“……也是如此”)
—Tom has ever been to China.汤姆曾经去过中国。
—So has Mike.迈克也去过。
neither＋助动词/情态动词/be动词＋主语(主语不是同一个人,表否定)
—Li Ping wasn't late for school this morning.李平今天早上上学没有迟到。
—Neither was Tom.汤姆也没有。
how oftenso＋主语＋助动词/情态动词/be动词(主语是同一个人,意为“的确如此”)
—He continued watching TV after the phone rang many times.在电话铃响很多次后他继续看电视。
—So he did.的确如此。
here/there＋谓语动词＋名词主语
Here comes the bus.公共汽车来了。
【典例剖析】
(2020·达州)—It was the Dragon Boat Festival last Sunday.I drove to the Lianhua Lake to watch the boat races.How exciting!
—________,but I didn't see you there.
A.So I did 　　　　 　B.So did I
C.So do I D.Neither did I
剖析：句意：——上周日是端午节。我开车去莲花湖看龙舟赛了。多么令人兴奋啊！——________,但是我没在那儿看见你。根据后文“but I didn't see you there”可知说话者也去了,表肯定,排除D；倒装句结构“so＋助动词＋主语”,意为“某人也一样”,动作发生在过去,此处助动词用did。故选B。
【对点演练】
(　　)15.(2020·丹东)—Tom is always ready to help others.
—________.He often helps me with my English.
A.So he is B.So he does
C.So is he D.So does he
(　　)16.(2020·绥化)—Will you go to the movies tomorrow?
—If you don't go,________.
A.neither do I B.neither won't I
C.neither will I
A
C
(　　)17.(2019·宜昌)—More and more people prefer to walk rather than ride in cars.
—________.Walking is good for health.
A.So they are B.So are they
C.So they do D.So do they
C
考点6 主谓一致
1.语法一致原则
所谓语法一致原则,就是句子主语和谓语在语法形式上保持一致。
{5940675A-B579-460E-94D1-54222C63F5DA}主语
谓语
示例
单数名词
或代词
单数
The young man is from Paris.
那位年轻人来自巴黎。
复数名词或代词
复数
The children were in the classroom two hours ago.孩子们两小时前在教室里。
both…
and…
复数
Both Jenny and Kate are my friends.
珍妮和凯特都是我的朋友。
{5940675A-B579-460E-94D1-54222C63F5DA}主语
谓语
示例
either，neither，each，every或no＋单数名词
单数
Each student has a new book.
每个学生都有一本新书。
复合不定代词
单数
Nobody knows his name.
没有人知道他的名字。
主语后面跟有with，together with，along with，except，but，like，as well as，rather than，including等结构
取决于主语的数
Everyone except Jim and Tim has a new book.
除了吉姆和蒂姆外，每个人都有一本新书。
{5940675A-B579-460E-94D1-54222C63F5DA}主语
谓语
示例
由“分数/百分数＋of＋名词”构成的短语

取决于名词的数
60% of the students in our class are girls.
我们班百分之六十的学生是女孩。
由“a lot of，lots of，plenty of，the rest of＋名词”构成的短语
A lot of people are in the classroom.
许多人在教室里。
{5940675A-B579-460E-94D1-54222C63F5DA}主语
谓语
示例
动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句
单数
What he said is very important for us all.他说的话对我们所有人都很重要。
a number of＋可数名词复数
复数
A number of books are given to the poor students.许多书被捐给那些贫困的学生。
the number of＋可数名词复数
单数
The number of the apples is 12.
苹果的数量是12。
定语从句关系代词that，who，which
与先行词的数保持一致
He is one of my friends who are working hard.
他是我努力学习的朋友中的一个。
2.意义一致原则
所谓意义一致,就是概念一致,即谓语动词的形式要和主语所表达的概念一致。

{5C22544A-7EE6-4342-B048-85BDC9FD1C3A}主语
谓语
示例
表示重量、度量、时间、长度、价格、数学运算等的词或短语
单数
Two pounds isn't so heavy.
两磅不是很重。
the＋姓氏名词复数,表示“……一家；……夫妇”
复数
The Blacks enjoy working in China.
布莱克夫妇喜欢在中国工作。
the＋形容词,表示一类人
复数
The young are energetic.
年轻人有活力。
拓展：
(1)某些集体名词,如family,class,team等作主语时,如果作为一个整体看待,谓语动词要用单数形式；如果侧重其中的成员,要用复数形式。如：His family is going to move to Beijing.他家将搬到北京。
The whole family are watching TV.全家人正在看电视。
(2)由(both…) and连接的两个词指不同的人或物时,谓语动词用复数形式(语法一致)；由and连接的名词指同一个人或物时,谓语动词用单数形式(意义一致)。如：
The boy and the girl were surprised when they heard the news.那个男孩和那个女孩听到这个消息时都很惊讶。
The writer and actor has come.这位作家兼演员已经来了。
3.就近一致原则
所谓就近一致,就是谓语动词形式不与主语一致,而和靠近它的名词的数保持一致,又叫“临近原则”。
{5C22544A-7EE6-4342-B048-85BDC9FD1C3A}主语成分和谓语
示例
由either…or…,neither…nor…,not only…but also…, not…but…或or连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词与较近的主语在数上保持一致
Not only my parents but also I am looking forward to meeting my uncle.
不仅仅是我的父母,我也盼望见到我叔叔。
there be…句式中的be动词常与最近的主语在数上保持一致
There is a table and two chairs in Tom's room.
汤姆的房间里有一张桌子和两把椅子。
【典例剖析】
(2020·龙东)Spending time with families ________ the happiest thing.
A.are 　 　B.is 　　　　C.be
剖析：句意：和家人在一起________最幸福的事。are第二人称复数形式；is第三人称单数形式；be动词原形。动名词或动名词短语作主语时,谓语动词要用单数形式。故选B。
　　　　　　　　　 　　　　 　　
【对点演练】
(　　)18.(2020·怀化)Journey to the West is interesting.Both my father and my sister ________ the book very much.
A.likes 　 　B.like 　　 　　C.dislike
(　　)19.(2020·安顺)As we all know,using public chopsticks ________ necessary when we eat with others.
A.is 　　 B.are 　　 　　C.was
(　　)20.(2018·铜仁)She with her mother often________hills on Sundays.
A.climbs 　 B.climb C.climbed 　 D.to climb
B
A
A
(　　)1.(2020·黄石)—The last satellite of BeiDou Satellite Navigation System(北斗卫星导航系统) was successfully launched on June 23rd,2020.
—________ exciting news it is!
A.What B.What an C.How D.How an
(　　)2.(2020·黄石)—________will the first tramcar(有轨电车) line be finished in Huangshi?
—In two or three years.
A.How long B.How soon
C.How often D.How far
A
B
(　　)3.(2020·黄石)She runs around the Ci Lake every morning,________？
A.does she B.doesn't she
C.did she D.didn't she
(　　)4.(2019·黄石)________ exciting news it is！3D?printed houses will come out!
A.What B.What an
C.How D.How an
B
A
(　　)5.(2019·黄石)—He didn't go to school,did he?
—________,though he had a stomachache.
A.No,he didn't B.Yes,he didn't
C.Yes,he did D.No,he did
(　　)6.(2020·黄石九年级5月调研)They went shopping yesterday,________？
A.didn't they B.did they
C.don't they D.do they
C
A
(　　)7.(2020·尹家湖中学中考一模)There is hardly ever water in the bottle,________？
A.is it B.isn't it C.is there D.isn't there
(　　)8.(2020·华中学校中考一模)—What is your mother like?
—________.
A.She likes reading novels
B.She is feeling better
C.She is a doctor
D.She is tall and beautiful
C
D
(　　)9.(2020·大冶市九年级6月调研)—Take?away food is popular not only in England but also in China.
—________.
A.So is it B.So it is
C.Yes,he is D.No,I'm not
(　　)10.(2020·阳新中考模拟)________ day it is！Let's go out and enjoy the clear air and the sunshine.
A.How a sunny B.What sunny
C.How sunny D.What a sunny
B
D
(　　)11.(2020·大冶市九年级6月调研)—The girl has to stay at home to look after her little brother,________？
—Yes,because her mother has gone shopping.
A.doesn't she B.does she
C.hasn't she D.has she
(　　)12.(2019·黄石汪仁中学中考模拟)—________ useful information you have given to me!
—I hope it can help.
A.How B.What C.What an D.What a
A
B
(　　)13.(2019·黄石河口中学中考模拟)—I have never visited the Great Wall before.
—________.
A.So have I B.So I have
C.Neither have I D.Neither am I
(　　)14.(2019·黄石九年级3月模拟)Only after ________ finished practicing the piano ________ allowed to play computer games.
A.has he；is he B.he has；is he
C.has he；he is D.he has；he is
C
B
(　　)15.(2020·大冶一中科技创新夏令营模拟)William,as well as his friends,________ invited to the party.
A.was B.were
C.have been D.has
A
专题精练
单项选择
(　　)1.(2020·抚顺)—Dad，________ will my mom come back？I miss her very much.
—In a month.
A.how soon B.how often
C.how long D.how far
(　　)2.(2020·天水)—________ have you kept this book?
—For two months.
A.How soon B.How old
C.How long D.How often
A
C
(　　)3.(2020·绥化)Bob has few friends in his new school，________？
A.hasn't he B.does he
C.doesn't he
(　　)4.(2020·滨州)—The little boy is only three years old，but he can memorize about 50 poems.
—________talented boy he is!
A.How B.How a
C.What a D.What
B
C
(　　)5.(2020·凉山)When I want to go out to play with my friends，my mother always says，“________ at home.Don't waste your time.”
A.Stay B.Stays
C.To stay D.Staying
(　　)6.(2020·青海)—________ an amusement center，some restaurants and hundreds of stores in the shopping mall.
—Wow，it's amazing.I will go next week.
A.There is B.There are
C.There will be
A
A
(　　)7.(2020·长沙)________ your smartphones，and read for at least 30 minutes every day! You know，reading helps us to deepen our spiritual world.
A.Put away B.To put away C.Putting away
(　　)8.(2019·郴州)—Lucy，there ________too many things on the desk.What a mess!
—Sorry，Mum.I'll put them away.
A.have 　 　 B.is 　　　 　C.are
A
C
(　　)9.—Troy as well as his brother ________ tons of attention wherever they go.
—Yeah，they are very successful.We believe that struggle(奋斗) creates history and hard work makes a ________ future.
A.gets；brightly B.get；bright
C.gets；bright D.get；brightly
(　　)10.(2020·广元)In February，2020，many doctors and nurses ________ to Wuhan to save the patients.
A.was sent B.were sent
C.are sent
C
B
(　　)11.(2020·广元)Tom，together with his friends，often________ to the old people's home to cheer the old up.
A.go 　　 B.going 　　　　 C.goes
(　　)12.(2020·连云港)—________ is Ricky like?
—He's humorous.He often tells us funny jokes.
A.How B.What
C.Which D.Who
C
B
(　　)13.—She's never been to China，________ she?
—________.She went there with her family last month.
A.is；Yes，she is
B.has；Yes，she has
C.hasn't；No，she hasn't
D.isn't；No，she isn't
B
(　　)14.(2019·铁岭)—Daddy，________ will you buy me a bendable phone(折叠手机)?
—Oh，perhaps in a few months.
A.how long B.how far
C.how soon D.how often
(　　)15.________ on the grass.It's a rule of the park.
A.Step B.Don't step
C.To step D.Not step
C
B
(　　)16.(2019·哈尔滨)—Lucy，look at the stars in the sky.
—________！
A.What bright it is
B.How bright they are
C.What bright they are
(　　)17.(2019·新疆)—All of my classmates have passed the English test.
—________ exciting the news is!
A.How B.What C.What an D.How an
B
A
(　　)18.(2019·天水)—There is nothing left in the fridge，________？
—________.Let's go to the supermarket to buy some.
A.is there；Yes B.isn't there；Yes
C.is there；No D.isn't there；No
C
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