2021中考英语二轮复习语法专题精讲精练13复合句（48张PPT）

专题十三　复合句
2021中考英语二轮复习 语法专题突破 精讲精练
考点1 宾语从句
1.宾语从句的构成规则与用法
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构成规则及用法
例句
连接词
that
本身无意义，在从句中作宾语时可以省略；作主语时不能省略
He said (that) he would go to the seaside.他说他要去海边。She says that is a useful book.她说那是一本有用的书。
连接代词(what/which/who/whose/whom等)
在从句中作一定的成分，如：作主语、宾语、定语等
I don't know what they are going to do.我不知道他们打算干什么。He asked me whose the book was.他问我这是谁的书。
连接副词(when/where/why/how)等
在从句中作状语
Please tell me how you go to school.
请告诉我你怎样去学校的。
if/whether
意为“是否”，不作句子成分，但不能省略，句尾有or not用whether
He asked me whether Miss Gao was a teacher or not.他问我高小姐是否是一位老师。
{5940675A-B579-460E-94D1-54222C63F5DA}语序
一律使用陈述句语序
Do you know where Tom lives?你知道汤姆住哪儿吗？
时态
主句用现在的某种时态,从句根据实际情况而定
I hear Joe left for Beijing yesterday.我听说乔昨天去北京了。
He has told me that he'll leave for New York tomorrow.
他已经告诉我明天他就动身去纽约了。
主句用过去的某种时态,从句一般使用过去的某种时态
Kate said she was going shopping at this time yesterday.
凯特说她昨天这个时候在购物。
若从句表示的是客观事实、真理、自然现象等,不管主句使用什么时态,从句都用一般现在时
Miss Hu said that the earth goes around the sun.
胡老师说地球绕着太阳转。
注意：有些疑问词作句子的主语时本身就是陈述语序，所以在变成宾语从句时，语序无须变化。如：
Do you know what is happening over there？你知道那边发生了什么吗？
Do you know what's the matter with him？你知道他怎么了吗？
2.宾语从句的简化
(1)当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且主句的谓语动词是hope，wish，decide，agree，choose等时，从句可简化为不定式结构。如：
I decide I won't go to school.＝I decide not to go to school.我决定我将不去上学了。
(2)当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且主句的谓语动词是know，remember，forget，learn等时，从句简化为“疑问词＋动词不定式”结构。如：
I don't know where I can go.＝I don't know where to go.我不知道能去哪。
(3)宾语从句可以简化为名词或名词短语。如：
Can you tell me which is the way to the bank？＝Can you tell me the way to the bank？你能告诉我去银行的路吗？
注意：将直接引语改为间接引语时，人称也要作相应的改变。人称变化：一随主(直接引语中的第一人称改为主句的主语人称)，二随宾(直接引语中的第二人称改为主句中的宾语人称)；第三人称不改变。
3.宾语从句中的否定转移
如果主句的谓语动词是think，guess，believe等动词，且接有否定含义的that宾语从句时，常将否定词提前到主句中。如：
I don't think that Alice is an American. 我认为艾丽斯不是美国人。
【典例剖析】
(2020·广元)—Tom，I wonder________.
—In Beijing，the first city to host both summer and winter Olympics.
A.where will the 24th Winter Olympics be held
B.where the 24th Winter Olympics will hold
C.where the 24th Winter Olympics will be held
剖析：句意：——Tom，我想知道________。——在北京，第一个同时举办夏季和冬季奥运会的城市。宾语从句应是陈述句语序，故排除A。从句中the 24th Winter Olympics作为主语，与谓语动词hold是被动关系，应该使用一般将来时的被动语态，结构为will be done。故选C。
【对点演练】
(　　)1.(2020·滨州)—What will you remember most after leaving junior high school?
—I will always remember ________.
A.how my friends and teachers used to help me
B.when did my friends and teachers arrive
C.where could my friends and teachers meet
D.what did the teachers say to me
A
(　　)2.(2020·泸州)—Mary，could you tell me________the pencil box?
—Oh，yes.I bought it in a store on the Internet.
A.where you bought
B.when you will buy
C.when did you buy
D.where will you buy
A
(　　)3.(2020·黔东南)—Excuse me.Could you tell me________？
—At Xinhua Bookstore on Beijing Road of Kaili.
A.where did you buy the magazine
B.why you bought the magazine
C.how did you buy the magazine
D.where you bought the magazine
D
(　　)4.(2019·襄阳)—Could you please tell me ________ the Nanhu Square?
—Yes，of course.You can either ride a sharing bike or take a bus.
A.when can I get to
B.why can I get to
C.where I can get to
D.how I can get to
D
考点2 状语从句
在复合句中修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词等的句子叫状语从句。常考的状语从句有时间状语从句、条件状语从句、原因状语从句、结果状语从句、目的状语从句、让步状语从句等。

　　
{5C22544A-7EE6-4342-B048-85BDC9FD1C3A}种类
引导词
示例
时间状语从句
when，while，as，before，after，since，until，as soon as
She was cooking when someone knocked at the door.
I didn't go to bed until she came back.
条件状语从句
if，unless，
as long as
They will have a picnic unless it rains next Sunday.
原因状
语从句
because，since，as，for
He didn't catch the first bus because he got up too late.
{5C22544A-7EE6-4342-B048-85BDC9FD1C3A}种类
引导词
示例
目的状
语从句
so that
Please say it in a loud voice so that everyone can hear it.
结果状
语从句
so that，so…that，such…that
It is such a heavy box that nobody can move it away.
让步状语从句
though，although，even if
Mrs. Li would not take a day off even if she had a cold.
比较状语从句
than，as…as，
not as/so…as
He ran as fast as Mike.
(1)主句与从句时态一致
在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，主句和从句之间的时态一致问题一般分为下列两种情况：
①若主句是祈使句，或主句中有情态动词时，那么从句用一般现在时表示将来时。如：
The traffic must stop when the light is red.当红灯亮时，车辆必须停下。
②主句用一般将来时，而从句用一般现在时表示将来时。如：
If she comes here tomorrow，I will go to the park with her.如果明天她来这里，我将和她一起去公园。
(2)宾语从句和状语从句同时出现。如：
I don't know if(是否) he will come.If(如果)he comes，I will tell him about the news.我不知道他是否要来。如果他来，我将告诉他这个消息。
(3)so…that从句可以转换成too…to和not…enough to单句。如：
He is so young that he can't go to school.
＝He is too young to go to school.
＝He is not old enough to go to school.他太小，不能上学。
【典例剖析】
(2020·北京)If you take this train，you ________ in Shanghai in five hours.
A.arrive　　　　 　B.will arrive
C.arrived D.have arrived
剖析：句意：如果你坐这趟火车，你在五小时内________上海。arrive一般现在时；will arrive一般将来时；arrived一般过去时；have arrived现在完成时。本句是以if引导的条件状语从句，时态要符合“主将从现”，所以空格处应用一般将来时。故选B。
【对点演练】
(　　)5.(2020·湘西)________，you will get good grades.
A.If you will work hard
B.If you work hard
C.If you worked hard
(　　)6.(2020·遂宁)—I wonder if Sally________ us prepare for the party.
—I'm sure she will if she________time.
A.helps；will have B.will help；has
C.will help；will have D.helps；has
B
B
(　　)7.(2020·黔东南)—Would you like to go hiking if it________fine this Saturday?
—I'd love to.But nobody knows if it________.
A.is；will rain B.is；rains
C.will be；will rain D.will be；rains
(　　)8.(2019·内江)Cathy is afraid of the dog.She will run away ________ she sees it.
A.ever since B.although
C.as soon as D.so that
A
C
考点3 定语从句
{5C22544A-7EE6-4342-B048-85BDC9FD1C3A}关系词
作用
先行词
示例
that，who，
whom
作主语、
宾语
人
The man who is working there is my brother.
在那边工作的那个人是我的弟弟。
that，which
作主语、
宾语
物
This is the book (that/which) I bought yesterday.
这就是我昨天买的那本书。
whose
作定语
人/物
The room whose window is open is mine.
窗户开着的那个房间是我的。
when
作状语
时间
I still remember the day when you left for Beijing.
我仍然记得你去北京的那一天。
where
作状语
地点
This is the school where my mother works.
这就是我的妈妈工作的学校。
why
作状语
原因
That is the reason why I came here.
那就是我来这儿的原因。
定语从句中引导词只能用that的情况：
(1)当先行词为anything，everything，nothing等不定代词时，只能使用that。如：
Is there anything that I can do for you？我能为你做点什么吗？
(2)当先行词为all，any，much，many等词时，只能使用that。如：
Tom told his mother all that had happened.汤姆把所有发生的事情都告诉了他的妈妈。
(3)当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时，只能使用that。如：
This is the most wonderful time that I have ever had.这是我度过的最美好的时光。
(4)当先行词被序数词修饰时，只能使用that。如：
He was the first person that passed the exam.他是第一个通过考试的人。
(5)当先行词被the only，the very，the same，the last修饰时，只能使用that。如：
This will be the last chance that he can get.这将会是他可以得到的最后一次机会。
He is the only person that can help you out.他是唯一能帮你走出困境的人。
(6)先行词里同时含有人和物时，只能使用that。如：
They talked about things and persons that they remembered in the school.他们谈论他们记得的有关学校的人和事。
【典例剖析】
(2020·自贡)—Have you heard of the basketball team ________ won the NBA championship last year?
—Of course，it's my favorite basketball team—Warriors.
A.whose　　　 B.which　　 　C.who
剖析：句意：——你听说过去年赢得NBA总冠军的篮球队吗？——当然听说了，这是我最喜欢的篮球队——勇士队。定语从句所修饰的词为basketball team，表示“物”，先行词为“物”时，引导词或关系词用which或that。因此选B。
【对点演练】
(　　)9.—Do you know that girl?
—Of course.She is a beautiful girl ________ has made many videos to show a traditional Chinese way of life.
A.whose B.where
C.which D.who
(　　)10.(2020·黔东南)Li Wenliang is a brave doctor________is known to millions of Chinese people.
A.who B.which C.what D.when
D
A
(　　)11.(2019·黄冈)—Tomorrow is Father's Day.What's your surprise for your father?
—The first thing ________ I will do is to make a card for him.
A.who B.where
C.whose 　 D.that
(　　)12.(2019·广东)Not all children ________ watch this video will become a scientist，but some may become interested in science.
A.whom B.which C.who D.whose
D
C
(　　)1.(2019·黄石)—I wonder ________ in Guangzhou in two hours.
—Of course.The high speed train is very fast.
A.when I can arrive
B.when can I arrive
C.whether I can arrive
D.whether can I arrive
C
(　　)2.(2018·黄石)—I'm sorry about yesterday.
—Don't worry about it.It's never just one person's fault.We should think about ________ better next time.
A.how can we do it
B.how we can do it
C.how can they do it
D.how they can do it
B
(　　)3.(2018·黄石)If I ________a two?week holiday next year， I will take part in a short study tour to Beijing University.
A.took B.take
C.will take D.are taking
(　　)4.(2020·阳新中考模拟)—Could you please make sure ________？
—OK，I will call him up at once.
A.what does your boss need
B.when your boss would arrive here
C.your boss will leave earlier
D.if your boss will go to the meeting
B
C
(　　)5.(2020·黄石九年级4月中考模拟)—Do you like the weekly talk show，The Readers，on CCTV?
—Sure.It's a great TV program ________ purpose is to bring the habit of reading back into the public.
A.which B.that C.what D.whose
(　　)6.(2020·大冶初中毕业生适应性调研)I don't know ________ he will come tomorrow.________ he comes，I'll tell you.
A.if；Whether B.whether；Whether
C.if；If D.if；That
D
C
(　　)7.(2020·大冶市九年级6月调研)The Yellow Mountain is a good choice for people ________ want to have a relaxing holiday.
A.who B.whose
C.whom D.which
A
(　　)8.(2019～2020·黄石初中教研协作体九年级期末)—I am calling to ask you if you ________ hiking with us tomorrow.
—Well，if it ________.
A.go；won't rain
B.will go；doesn't rain
C.will go；won't rain
D.go；doesn't rain
B
(　　)9.(2019·黄石九年级3月模拟)—Do you know if Jane ________ to the party tonight?
—I'm not sure.But if she ________，I'll give her a big surprise.
A.comes；will come
B.comes；comes
C.will come；will come
D.will come；comes
D
(　　)10.(2020·黄石十四中教育集团九年级6月月考)—You play the drums so well！Could you tell me ________？
—I learned it last year.
A.how did you learn it
B.when did you learn it
C.how you learned it
D.when you learned it
D
专题精练
单项选择
(　　)1.(2020·凉山州)—Let's go camping if it________ next Saturday.
—But nobody knows if it ________.
A.is fine；rains B.will be fine；rains
C.is fine；will rain D.will be fine；will rain
(　　)2.(2020·大庆)The school suggested the students pass on ________ they have learned to their parents.
A.what B.that
C.which D.where
C
A
(　　)3.(2020·哈尔滨)—Could you tell me ________？
—There is nothing but some old model planes.
A.what's in the room
B.what can you see in the room
C.who in the room is
(　　)4.(2020·绥化)—Could you tell me ________？
—In Xinhua Bookstore.
A.where you bought the book
B.where did you buy the book
C.where do you buy the book
A
A
(　　)5.(2020·襄阳)—Do you know________？
—Yes.They'll go there by train at 8：30 tomorrow morning.
A.how would they leave for Beijing
B.how will they leave for Beijing
C.how they would leave for Beijing
D.how they will leave for Beijing
D
(　　)6.(2020·齐齐哈尔)—Could you tell me ________？
—Sure，go along this street，turn left at the second crossing.You will find the bank on your right.
A.how I can get to the Bank of China
B.where is the Bank of China
C.where can I find the Bank of China
A
(　　)7.(2020·滨州)—I think I am the shyest in my class.What should I do?
—Be more active in class，________ you can improve your ability to express yourself.
A.so that B.unless
C.or D.although
(　　)8.(2020·恩施)We were not good friends ________ we saw each other，but gradually，we got along better and better.
A.until 　　 B.when 　　　C.if
A
B
(　　)9.(2020·淮安)Our school basketball team will win the next match ________ they practise more.
A.if B.before
C.though D.while
(　　)10.(2020·黄冈)—Do you know the girl ________ is giving the speech?
—Of course.She is my best friend，Meimei.
A.which B.who
C.whom D.what
A
B
(　　)11.(2020·怀化)—Do you like the song Shao Nian?
—Yes.I like the songs ________ I can sing along with.
A.that 　　 B.who 　　　　 C.what
(　　)12.(2019·株洲)We have decided to sell five things ________ we no longer use.
A.that 　　 B.where 　　　　 C.who
A
A
(　　)13.(2019·襄阳)—Could you please tell me ________ the Nanhu Square?
—Yes，of course.You can either ride a sharing bike or take a bus.
A.when can I get to
B.why can I get to
C.where I can get to
D.how I can get to
(　　)14.(2019·内江)Cathy is afraid of the dog.She will run away ________ she sees it.
A.ever since B.although
C.as soon as D.so that
D
C
(　　)15.(2019·百色)—I want to know ________ we will have the meeting.
—Maybe in the classroom.
A.where B.when
C.who D.whether
(　　)16.(2019·孝感)Zhong Wei told his friends ________ to be back to his hometown.
A.how happy he is
B.how happy he was
C.he is how happy
D.he was how happy
A
B
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