高中英语牛津译林版（2019）必修 第三册Unit 2 Natural disasters 单元知识点详解学案学案

B3U2 Natural disasters
Welcome to the unit & Reading
1. injure vt. 伤害；使受伤； 损害
*Some injured residents in the disaster were sent to the hospital quickly.
灾难中受伤的一些居民被立即送往了医院。
*(2020·全国Ⅰ卷) As a result, she says, some of the injuries associated with running, such as runner’s knee, are uncommon among race walkers.
因此, 她说, 一些与跑步有关的损伤, 比如跑步者的膝伤, 在竞走者中并不常见。
*This kind of chemical poison will do an injury to people’s livers.
这种化学毒药将会损害人的肝脏。
词块积累：
(1) injured adj. 受伤的
the injured 伤员
(2) injury n. 伤；伤口；伤害
do sb. an injury/do an injury to sb. 伤害某人
小词汇，大文化
*If you injure conscience, it will have its revenge on you.
伤害良心, 将受到良心的严惩。(做事要有良心、道德心)
即学活用：
语法填空
(1) No one was injured (injure) in the explosion, but the building was completely destroyed. ?
(2) The other injured (injure) man had a superficial stomach wound. ?
(3) (2019·天津高考)Watch out for injuries (injury) while exercising. Always stop as soon as you begin to feel any pain.
2. reaction n. 反应，回应；抗拒；化学反应
*(2020·浙江高考) In the past, there was often an automatic reaction to increased traffic. 在过去, 这是对交通量增加的一种自动的反应。
*(2019·浙江高考) They were not sure how the Americans would react to the new type of music. 他们不确定美国人对这种新音乐的反应。
词块积累：
react to 对……做出反应
react against 反对, 反抗
即学活用：
(1) Local residents have reacted angrily to the news.
(2) His reaction (react) to the news made us confused.
3. signal vi.&vt. 发信号，示意；标志 n.信号，暗号；标志；信号灯
*(2020·浙江高考) Adaptive signals have some benefits for smaller cities.
可变信号灯对小城市有好处。
*She signalled her former classmate to follow.
她示意她以前的同学跟她走。
词块积累：
(1) signal sb. to do sth. 示意某人做某事
(2) traffic signal lights 交通信号灯
a danger signal 危险信号
send out a signal 发送信号
即学活用：
语法填空
(1) The siren was a signal for everyone to leave the building. ?
(2) The king signalled him to be (be) quiet and went on speaking. ?
(3) We often overlook all sorts of warning signals (signal)about our own health.
4. confirm vt. 证实，确认；使确信；批准
*(2020·全国Ⅱ卷) The official confirmed that the paintings were originals and worth as much as $50 million. 官员证实了这两幅画是真迹, 价值五千万美元。
*It has been confirmed that officials of the organization will attend the meeting.
已经确定这个组织的官员将出席这个会议。
*I’m still waiting for confirmation of the test results.
我仍在等待考试结果的通知书。
词块积累：
(1) confirm one’s opinion 证明某人的观点
It has been confirmed that 已确认
(2) confirmation n. 证实；确认
小词汇，大文化
*The best way to confirm whether some people can trust is to trust them.
确认某些人是否可以信任的最好的办法就是信任他们。(同学们之间要相互信任)
即学活用：
(1) 语法填空
① (2020·江苏高考)The daily number of newly cured and discharged (出院) patients exceeded that of the newly confirmed (confirm)cases.
② We’re waiting for written confirmation (confirm) from the committee.
③ Once the application is confirmed(confirm), you will enter the famous university. ?
(2) It has been confirmed that the meeting will take place next week.
已经确定会议将于下个星期举行。?
5. occur vi 发生；出现；存在于
*(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)We are the products of evolution, and not just evolution that occurred billions of years ago.
我们是进化的产物, 而不仅仅是数十亿年前发生的进化。
*It occurred to me to keep my head in a disaster.
我想到在灾难中要保持冷静。
*It suddenly occurred to me that I had run out of my money.
我突然想到我已经用光了我的钱。
导图理词：
小词汇，大文化
*Miracles sometimes occur, but one has to work terribly for them.
奇迹有时候是会发生的, 但是你得为之拼命努力。(有努力才有奇迹的发生)
即学活用：
(1)语法填空
① (2018·全国卷Ⅱ) He was unconscious and as I looked at his face, something occurred(occur) to me.
② It never occurred to me to take (take)advantage of him.
(2) 一句多译
我想到可以让人把书寄给我。
① It occurred to me that I could have the book sent to me. ?
② It struck me that I could have the book sent to me.
③ It hit me that I could have the book sent to me.
④ It came to me that I could have the book sent to me.
6. relief n. 宽慰，轻松；减轻，消除；救济
*Much to my relief the car was not damaged.
令我非常庆幸的是车并没有损坏。
*The adoption of this policy would relieve them of a tremendous burden.
这一政策的采取将替他们解除一个巨大的负担。
*(2020·浙江高考) Though still trembling with fear, we felt relieved and safe.
虽然依然因恐惧而颤抖, 我们感到宽慰了、安全了。
词块积累：
(1) in relief 如释重负, 松了口气
to one’s relief令某人宽慰的是
(2) relieve vt. 解除；减轻
relieve sb. of sth.帮助…减轻；替…拿重物
relieved adj.感到宽慰的；放心的
即学活用：
(1)语法填空。
①We all breathed a sigh of relief (relieve) when he left.
②The new secretary will relieve us of some of the paperwork. ?
③We were greatly relieved (relieve) to learn that his condition was not serious.
④It was a relief and I came to a sudden stop just in the middle of the road.
(2)一句多译。
令我们宽慰的是他安全地回到了家里。
①To our relief, he came back home safe and sound. ?
②We were relieved that he came back home safe and sound. ?
7. destructive adj. 引起破坏(或毁灭)的, 破坏(或毁灭)性的
*Tsunami is one of the most violent and destructive disasters on earth.
海啸是世界上最暴力和破坏性最强的灾难之一。
*There is worldwide concern about the destruction of the rainforests.
全世界都在关注热带雨林遭到破坏的问题。
*Roads and bridges have been destroyed by the flood and crops ruined.
道路和桥梁都被洪水破坏了, 农作物也全毁了。
词块积累：
destroy vt. 毁坏
destructive adj. 破坏性的; 毁灭性的
小词汇，大文化
*Destroy the nest and the birds will fly away. 巢一毁, 鸟则散(树倒猢狲散)。
(比喻有权势的人一旦垮台, 投靠依附他的人也就一哄而散)
即学活用：
语法填空。
(1) The earthquake caused the destruction (destroy) of the city.
(2) My home catches fire and everything is destroyed (destroy).
(3) Severe damage witnessed the destructive (destroy) force of the typhoon.
8. inform vt. 通知；了解，熟悉
*Please inform us of any changes of procedures. 手续若有变动请通知我们。
*I’m happy to inform you that your application has been confirmed.
我很高兴地告诉你, 你的申请被批准了。
*(2020·浙江高考) More information about the playwrights will be found at the end of this book. 在这本书的结尾, 你能找到关于剧作家的很多信息。
词块积累：
(1) inform sb. of sth. 通知/报告某人某事
inform sb. that. 通知某人…
keep sb. informed of.使某人随时了解…
(2) information n. 信息；资料
即学活用：
(1)语法填空。
①I’m willing to inform my parents of any progress I have made.
②Please keep me fully informed (inform) of any development.
③For further information (inform) on the diet, write to us at this address.
(2)一句多译。
请随时告知我们该项目的进展情况。
①Please inform us of the status of this project. (inform)?
②Please keep us informed of the status of this project. (keep结构)?
9. Alice Brown, head teacher at Falmont Primary School, was teaching when the floor began to shake.
当地板开始摇晃时, 弗尔蒙特小学的班主任艾丽斯?布朗正在上课。
句式解构：
be doing…when 正在做某事……突然, when意为“就在那时”。
*I was doing my homework when the telephone rang.
我正在做作业, 这时电话响了。
*I had just finished my test paper when the bell rang.
我刚做完试卷这时铃声就响了。
*We were about to start when it began to rain.
我们刚要开始, 天就开始下雨了。
词块积累:
have a great/ deep impact on 对....有 重大/深远影响
impact on/ upon 对.....产生影响，
名师点津
when 的常用句式
be doing sth. when… 正在做…这时突然…
be about to do sth. when…=be on the point of doing sth. when… 正要做…这时突然
had just done…when… 刚做完…这时…
即学活用
(1) I was thinking of this when I heard my name called.
(2) She was on the point of going out when the telephone rang.
(3) I was about to start off when it suddenly rained.
10. At the same time, Miss Brown quickly opened the classroom door, in case it became damaged during the shaking and could not open.
同时, 布朗小姐迅速打开了教室的门, 以防门在地震中因损坏而无法打开。
句式解构：
in case “万一, 唯恐”, 引导目的状语从句。
*(2019·江苏高考) The doctor shares his phone number with the patients in case they need medical assistance.
医生给了病人他的手机号码, 以防病人需要医疗援助。
*In case of urgency, call the police.
一旦发生紧急情况, 打电话给警察。
*She locked herself in for fear that anyone might come to disturb her.
她倒锁上门, 免得有人烦她。
词块积累：
in case of 如果；万一
for fear that/of 生怕；以免
即学活用：
(1)In case you need something , please don’t hesitate to tell me. ?
如果你需要什么东西, 请毫不犹豫地告诉我。
(2)In case of danger , raise the electric alarm. ?
如果有危险, 就拉响电动警报器。
(3)He worked hard for fear that/in case he might be fired by the boss. ?
他拼命地干活唯恐被老板解雇。
11. The moment the shaking stopped, Miss Brown sensed it was the best time for the class to make their escape.
地震一停止, 布朗小姐感觉这是全班逃走的最佳时机。
句式解构：
the moment… 意为“一……就……”, 引导时间状语从句。
*The moment/instant/minute (that) she came back, she helped her brother with his homework. 她一回来, 就帮助她的弟弟做作业。
*As soon as the teacher entered the classroom, the students stopped talking.
老师一进教室, 学生们就停止讲话了。
名师点津：
“一……就……”的句型：
no sooner…than…
hardly/scarcely…when…
the moment/the minute/the instant+从句
on/upon+动名词/名词
instantly/directly/immediately
即学活用：
语法填空。
(1) On arriving (arrive)at the station, he found that the train had left.
(2) He was so tired that he fell asleep the moment he went to bed.
(3) I will tell her the news instantly (instant) Mary comes back.
Grammar and usage & Integrated skills
12. That morning, I turned on the TV for some local news, only to hear that a hurricane was on its way.
那天早晨, 我打开电视看当地的新闻, 结果却得知飓风即将到来。
句式解构：
(1) 不定式作结果状语常表示“出乎意料的结果”, 其前经常加only或just修饰。
*He picked up a stone, only to have it dropped on his own foot.
他搬起石头却砸了自己的脚。
(2) 现在分词作结果状语常表示“意料、情理之中的结果”。
*The news shocked the public, leading to great concern about students’ safety at school. 这条新闻使广大民众感到很震惊, 引起了人们对在校学生安全的担忧。
即学活用：
语法填空。
(1)The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment, allowing (allow) more patients to be treated.
(2)He attempted to cover the facts only to let (let) them out. ?
13. shock n. 震惊，惊愕；剧烈震动；休克 vt. 使震惊；使气愤
*The news of my promotion came as a shock.
我晋升的消息着实让我一惊。
*It shocks you when something like that happens.
发生那样的事情, 使人震惊。
*(2020·天津高考) Jones was shocked when she said that she didn’t actually mind being cheated.
当她说她真不在意被欺骗时, 琼斯非常震惊。
*People were shocked at the shocking power of the hurricane.
人们被飓风惊人的力量惊呆了。
词块积累：
shocked adj. 惊愕的；震惊的
shocking adj 令人吃惊的；令人气愤的
小词汇，大文化
*Sometimes tolerance caused by the moral shock is stronger than punishment!
有时宽容引起的道德震撼比惩罚更强烈! (指宽容效果比惩罚更有效)
即学活用：
语法填空
(1) We were all shocked (shock) at the news of his death. ?
(2) It gave us all quite a shock to learn that he had failed again. ?
(3) (2018·浙江高考)I was shocked (shock) when I learnt she hadn’t cooked once in all that time. ?
(4) It is shocking (shock) that he didn’t inform you of the procedures to do this experiment.
14. scare vt. &vi. 惊吓，害怕 n. 恐慌；惊吓
*(2020·浙江高考) Sometimes loud noises like these will scare bears off.
有时, 这样大的噪音会把熊吓走了。
词块积累：
scare…away/off 把……吓跑
be scared to death 吓死了
be scared of (doing) sth. 害怕(做)某事
be scared to do sth. 害怕做某事
scary adj. 引起恐慌的
小词汇，大文化
*He that will take the bird must not scare it.
捕鸟休惊鸟。(指捕鸟的时候大声呼叫, 会把鸟儿吓走)词块积累：
即学活用：
(1)语法填空
① (2018·天津高考) So I ran back home almost in the dark while trying not to get too scared (scare) .
② She was so badly hurt that I was scared to speak (speak) to her. ?
③ When I first saw a real snake, I was scared to death.
④ That’s the really scary (scare) and depressing thing.
(2)句式升级
He was scared of a snake, and he fainted at the first sight of one. (用过去分词短语作状语)
→ Scared of a snake , he fainted at the first sight of one.
15. run out of 用完, 用尽
*(2019·天津高考) We’ve all known people who run out of steam before they reach life’s halfway mark.
我们都知道那些在到达生命的中途之前就没有动力的人。
*Local people received a lot of reliefs but now they’ve run out.
当地人收到了很多救济物资, 但是现在已经用完了。
*I ran across an old friend of mine in the library.
我在图书馆与一位老朋友不期而遇。
易混辨析：
词组
run out of
run out
词性
及物动词
不及物动词
主语
人
时间、金钱、力气等
词块积累：
run out 用完(主语为物, 无被动语态)
run across 穿越；偶然碰到
run after 追逐；追求
run away 跑掉；逃走；逃避
run into 撞上；遇到
即学活用：
用适当的介词或副词填空
(1) A child ran across the road and the driver put on the brake suddenly.
(2)The thief ran away and the policeman ran after him. ?
(3)Lost in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.
16. supply n. 补给,补给品;供应;供应量,储备 vt. 供应,供给,提供
*We cannot guarantee adequate supplies of raw materials.
我们不能保证提供充足的原料。
*Prices change according to supply and demand.
价格受供求关系的影响。
*We will supply you with the crop you require.
我们就能够向你们提供你所需要的作物。
词块积累：
supply sth. to sb. = supply sb. with sth. 给某人提供某物
= provide sb. with sth. /provide sth. for sb.
= offer sb. sth. = offer sth. to sb.
supplies　 补给品[pl. ]
即学活用
用适当的介词填空。
(1)He provided us with a lot of useful information.
(2)The school supplied textbooks to the students.
(3)He offered me 500 dollars for the computer.
17. flood n. 洪水，水灾；大量vt. &vi. (被)淹没；泛滥；大量涌入；充满
*The typhoon has caused floods in many parts of the country.
台风使全国许多地方发生水灾。
*Every year a flood of farmers arrive in Shenzhen.
每年有大量的农民工涌入深圳。
*(2018·全国卷Ⅲ) Adults understand what it feels like to be flooded with objects. 成年人理解被杂事淹没的感觉。
词块积累：
a flood of 大量的
flood in/into 涌入
即学活用：
语法填空。
(1) Floods(flood) have become more damaging in Bangladesh in recent decades.
(2) The project connects flooded(flood) roads and highways.
(3) Donations began flooding/to flood(flood) in from hundreds of people. ?
(4) Telephone calls came flooding (flood) in from all over the country.
18. curious adj. 好奇的；奇特的，有求知欲的
*(2018·全国卷Ⅱ) If you are curious about the history of our school, you mustn’t miss this excellent opportunity!
如果你对我们学校的历史感兴趣, 你一定不能错过这次机会!
*(2019·天津高考) My progress in reading raised my curiosity, and I wanted to know everything. 我阅读的进步激发了我的好奇心, 我想了解一切。
*Out of curiosity, he pulled down the handle of the fire alarm.
出于好奇, 他把火警器的把手拉了下来。
词块积累：
(1)be curious about 对……感到好奇
be curious to do sth. 渴望做……
(2)curiosity n. 好奇; 好奇心
out of curiosity 出于好奇
meet/satisfy one’s curiosity 满足某人的好奇心
with curiosity 好奇地
(3)curiously adv. 好奇地
小词汇，大文化
*Reading is the embodiment of intellectual curiosity.
阅读是求知欲的体现。(阅读能满足我们的求知欲, 我们要多读书、读好书)
即学活用：
语法填空。
(1)They were very curious about the people who lived upstairs.
(2)People gathered round, curious to know (know) what is happening. ?
(3)To satisfy our own curiosity (curious) we traveled to Baltimore.
(4)The woman in the shop had looked at them curiously (curious).
Extended reading & Project
19. break out突然开始；爆发
*After COVID-19 broke out, medical workers tried their best to prevent the spread of it.
在新冠肺炎爆发后, 医疗工作者尽力阻止它的蔓延。
*Talks with business leaders broke down last night.
昨晚与商界领导人的谈判破裂了。
*A neighbour asked for the music to be turned down and the party broke up.
因为一个邻居要求把音乐音量调低, 聚会便散了。
导图理词：
即学活用：
用适当的介词或副词填空。
(1) My car broke down, and I was stuck by the highway for an hour before someone stopped to help.
(2) Bandits broke into our house and stole all our money.
(3) We were watching TV when he broke in .
(4) Most of the residents had left before the fire broke out .
(5) At last, those doctors broke through in their fight against heart disease.
(6) I’m surprised to hear that Sue and Paul have broken up .
20. distance n. 遥远，久远；距离；差异；疏远
*(2020·浙江高考) Polar bears — like all wild animals — should be photographed from a safe distance.
北极熊——像其他所有的野生动物一样——应该保持安全的距离拍摄。
*The sound of the car died away in the distance.
小轿车发出的噪音消逝在远处。
*The time we spent together is now a distant memory.
我们一起度过的时光现已成为久远的记忆。
词块积累：
(1) in the distance在远处
from a distance 从远处
at a distance (of) 在…远的地方；距离稍远
(2)keep one’s distance (from) (与……)保持距离
keep sb. at a distance
对某人冷淡；与某人疏远；与某人保持一定距离
(3)distant adj. 遥远的；远处的；久远的
小词汇，大文化
*Mountains look beautiful from a distance. 远处看山山更美。
即学活用:
(1) Last summer’s typhoon is a distant (distance) memory.
(2) The sound of the cheering faded away in the distance.
(3) Jay had always tended to keep his friend at a distance.
21. In its forum, the half-finished columns seemed as if just left by the workman’s hand. 在集会的场所, 有出自工匠之手而未完成的柱子。
句式解构：
as if/though引导的方式状语从句。
(1)as if从句表示的情况是真实的或极有可能发生时, 从句用陈述语气。
(2)as i从句表示的情况是不真实的或极少有可能发生或存在时, 从句用虚拟语气。
①从句用一般过去时(与现在的事实相反)。
②从句用过去完成时(与过去的事实相反)。
③从句用would/could/might do形式(与将来的事实相反)。
*They treat me as though I were a stranger.
他们待我如陌生人。
*He talks as if he had been abroad.
他说起话来好像曾经出过国。
*He opened his mouth as if he would say something.
他张开嘴好像要说什么。
即学活用：
(1) Critically examine your work as if you were looking at someone else’s efforts. ?
要像看待别人的工作一样, 认真检查自己的工作。
(2) He acts as if he knew everything about it. ?
他的所作所为就好像他知道这件事的一切。
(3) He speaks as if he would suffer a deadly disease soon. ?
听他说话那语气好像不久就要得致命的疾病似的。
22. rescue n. &vt. 救援；营救；抢救
*(2019·江苏高考) Her responsibility, her privilege, would be to rescue it.
她的责任、她的义务就是去拯救它。
*We came to his rescue and pulled him out of the river.
我们来救他, 把他从河里拉了出来。
*It took rescuers 90 minutes to reach the trapped men.
营救人员花了90分钟才赶到被困者那里。
词块积累：
(1)rescue sb. from sth. 从……拯救
come to one’s rescue 救援某人
(2)rescuer n. 救援者
即学活用：
语法填空
(1) He got a purchase on a branch until we came to his (he) rescue.
(2) Helicopters rescued nearly 20 people from the roof of the burning building.
(3) She was rescued(rescue) from a burning building last night. ?
23. sharp adj. 灵敏的; 锋利的; 急剧的; 明显的; 尖锐的; 强烈的
*(2018·天津高考) If your awareness is as sharp as it could be, you’ll have no trouble answering these questions.
如果你的意识足够敏锐, 回答这些问题没困难。
*Birds have sharp eyes and dogs have sharp noses.
鸟有敏锐的视力, 而狗有灵敏的嗅觉。
词块积累：
(1)have sharp eyes 有敏锐的视力
keep a sharp eye on sth. 密切关注
(2)sharpen vt. 磨快; 使锐利
(3)sharply adv. 急剧地; 严厉地; 苛刻地
(4)sharpener n. 卷笔刀
巧学助记：
*If your pencil isn’t sharp enough, you need a pencil sharpener to sharpen it.
如果你的铅笔不够尖的话, 你需要一个卷笔刀削一削它。
即学活用：
(1)用sharp的适当形式填空
①It is believed that consumer spending will fall sharply next year.
②The lead is broken on this pencil, so I have to sharpen it.
(2)With people’s incomes growing, there has been a sharp increase in the number of vehicles. ? 随着收入的增加, 汽车的数量急剧增加。
24. locate vt. 找出…的准确位置; 把…安置在(建造于)
*Rescue planes are trying to locate the missing sailors.
救援飞机正在努力查明失踪水手的下落。
*(2020·全国Ⅰ卷) The lost property office is open Monday to Friday 7:30 am to 5:00 pm and is located at Roma Street station.
位于罗马街车站的失物招领处周一至周五上午7: 30至下午5: 00营业。
*(2018·江苏高考) The location was considered a poor area of town.
位置被认为是在一个城镇的贫困区。
词块积累：
be located in/on 坐落于；位于
location n.位置；场所
即学活用：
(1)语法填空。
① The house is located (locate) in one of Pimlico’s prettiest garden squares.
② The first thing he looked at was his office’s location(locate).
(2)句式升级(合并句子)。
The university is located in the eastern suburbs of the city. It has a brilliant history.
→Located in the eastern suburbs of the city, the university has a brilliant history.
25. retire vi. &vt. 退休, 退职
*(2019·全国卷Ⅱ) Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award, proud Irene declared she had no plans to retire from her 36-year-old business.
拿起她的“终生成就奖”, 艾琳骄傲地宣布她没有从36年的工作中退休的计划。
*Jim has retired, but he still remembers the happy time spent with his students.
吉姆已经退休了, 但是他依然记得和学生们在一起度过的那些快乐时光。
*She was forced to retire early from teaching because of ill health.
她由于身体不好而被迫早早地从教学岗位上退休。
*(2019?北京高考) A retired engineer, 76-year-old Wilson has been offering free rides to college students for the past eight years.
76岁的威尔逊是一名退休工程师, 过去8年来, 他一直为大学生提供免费乘车服务。
词块积累：
retire from 从…退休(役)
retire from. . . as. . . 作为…从…退休
retired adj. 已退休的
retirement n. 退休, 退役
熟词生义：
I retired late that evening. (v. 睡觉; 就寝)
那天晚上我睡得晚。
即学活用：
语法填空
(1)He has no plans to retire as editor of the magazine.
(2)When a person reaches his old age, he is forced to retire from his position.
(3)He announced his retirement(retire) from football.
动词不定式作定语和结果状语
要义详析：
一、动词不定式作定语
　　动词不定式由“to+动词原形”构成。这里的to是不定式标志, 没有词义。
　　动词不定式作定语常用来修饰名词或不定代词, 放于所修饰的词后, 为后置定语。这类名词有chance, way, opportunity, right(权利), dream, ambition, time, power等。
*I am so busy that I have no time to inform him of the incident in detail.
我是如此忙以至于我没有时间详细地告诉他这个事情。
*I have the power to call on others to donate money to charities.
我有能力号召其他人捐钱给慈善机构。
名师点津：
　　如果不定式动词与被修饰词之间有逻辑上的动宾关系, 并且该动词是不及物动词, 则需要加上适当的介词或副词与前面的名词相呼应。但place, time, way后不定式的介词常省略。
*The Browns have a comfortable house to live in.
布朗一家有一幢舒适的房子可以居住。
*The old man is looking for a quiet place to live.
老人正在找一个安静的地方住。
即学活用：
语法填空
(1) She was the first woman to swim (swim) the English Channel in both directions. ?
(2) (2020·天津高考) This can be useful for businesses such as restaurants and stores because it offers a new way to attract (attract) customers. ?
(3) (2020·全国Ⅲ卷) Our tour also includes a chance to walk (walk) in the footsteps of Van Gogh and Gauguin. ?
(4) We should develop the students’ ability to analyse (analyse) and solve problems. ?
(5) (2020· 天津高考) One way to begin (begin)is to answer your own excuses. ?
(6) You’ll have the opportunity to ask (ask) any questions at the end. ?
(7) (2020·全国Ⅲ卷) It seemed like the perfect chance for natural selection to act (act)on a population. ?
(8) The meeting to be held (hold) tomorrow is important. ?
(9) She is the first woman to be elected (elect) president in the country. ?
(10) Ryle tried to look for Jane, only to be told (tell) that she was at a meeting. ?
二、动词不定式作结果状语
1. 动词不定式表示结果时, 其逻辑主语就是句子的主语。结果状语常常只限于learn (得知), find (发现), see, hear, to be told (被告知), make (使得), turn out to be 等具有界限含义的动词。
*He returned home to learn his daughter had just been rescued.
他回家后得知女儿刚刚被救了。
*Dinosaurs have completely died out on the earth, never to be seen again.
恐龙已经从地球上灭绝, 将永不被看到。
2. 动词不定式作结果状语的特殊结构。
(1) only to do结构表示意外的结果。
*He hurried to the exit, only to find his friend had left.
他匆匆忙忙赶到出口时, 结果却发现他的朋友已经离开了。
*He worked hard, only to be informed that he was fired.
他努力工作, 最终却被告知他被解雇了。
(2) too…to…结构
*The old man was too poor to donate a lot of money to the flooded area.
这个老人太穷了, 不能捐很多钱给洪水受灾地区。
(3) so as to do结构。
*He shut himself in the room so as not to be disturbed.
他把自己关在屋里以免受到打扰。
(4) enough to do结构。
*The girl is not old enough to go downstairs by herself.
这个女孩年龄不够大, 不能自己下楼。
即学活用：
语法填空
(1) (2020·浙江高考) Lamb and mother reunited, I turned back to the tractor only to see (see) it move suddenly away from me. ?
(2) (2019·江苏高考) The school uniforms are fine, but not special enough to give (give)a unique Chinese flavour. ?
(3) I rushed to the airport to meet his brother, only to find (find)that he had gone. ?
(4) Tom worked hard, only to fail (fail) again at last. ?
语法主题应用：
使用本单元所学语法, 结合中文提示补全短文
　　As we all know, natural disasters happen every year. They are destructive, which cause many deaths and injuries. After a terrible disaster, people return their home only 1. to find everything destroyed (发现一切被破坏了). People should learn 2. some ways to protect themselves (保护自己的一些方法) to increase chances 3. to survive (存活) in disasters. When a disaster occurs, the first thing 4. to do (要做)is to keep your head. Otherwise, you may be too scared to 5. take proper steps (采取适当的措施) to escape. With more knowledge of disasters, people have the 6. ability to deal with (有能力应对) emergency properly.