2012高考英语考点解析复习讲义及练习题--阅读理解推理判断3

2012高考英语考点解析复习讲义及练习题--阅读理解推理判断3
Passage *****************
Visit Iceland and you'll enter a whole new region of experience. You'll discover original nature as you've never seen it before, and the equally Original people for whom timeless nature, ancient heritage and modem lifestyle coexist in harmony. The freedom to wander in the city or the wilds as you please is the key to the Iceland experience.
Reykjavik, the capital of Iceland, is just a part of the Icelandic experience with its midnight sun or the magical landscapes mixed with ice and fire. Reykjavik has a population of around 170,000 and offers an interesting mix of cosmopolitan (世界各地的) culture and local village roots.
Old accounts say the ancient gods themselves guided Iceland's first settler to make his home in Reykjavik. He named the place Reykjavik (Steamy Bay ) after the geothermal (地热) steam he saw, which today heats homes and outdoor swimming pools throughout the city, a pollution-free energy source that leaves the air outstandingly fresh, clean and clear.
A beautiful river runs through the city limits, and so do fine parks and even wild outdoor areas. In the outskirts are places for horse trekking and golf. But against this backcloth of nature, Reykjavik has a packed program of familiar city joys too: art museums, several theaters, an opera house, a symphony orchestra and concerts meeting the needs of the whole spectrum of age and taste.
One must for all visitors is dining out on Icelandic specialities, including delicious seafood, ocean-fresh from the morning's catch, highland lamb and unusual varieties of game. Its purely natural food imagiriatively served to delight the most disceming(内行的)of diners. Reykjavik is also famous as one of Europe's hottest nightspots, where the action on the friendly pub and nightlife scene lasts right through the night. In the evening, the downtown area filled with activity, reaching its peak on Friday or Saturday. The number of pubs, cafe, discos, and other night-spots in the downtown area is astonishing. There is arich variety of places to go. European-style cafes, nightclubs with live entertainment, dance halls for seniors, sports-theme pubs with big TV screens, cafes that offer over 100 types of beer, an Irish pub, a Spanish cafe, a French wine bar...
Walking distances are short downtown, and everything worth seeing outside the city center can be quickly and conveniently reached by bus. With its long, easy-going main street and large shopping mall, Iceland's capital is a great place to shop too with a bonus of tax-free shopping for visitors! Be careful not just for souvenirs(纪念品) (especially woolens and handicrafts) but also for stylish consumer goods and designer labels at competitive prices.
A full range of accommodations (住宿) is available in Reykiavik, from international-standard hotels with good conference facilities, through smaller hotels and comfortable guest- houses, to a campsite in the city's biggest park.
1. It can be learned from the passage that Reykiavik_______.
A. was named by the ancient gods
B. got its name from the visitors
C. was named by Iceland's first settler
D. was named after Iceland's first settler
答案: C 指导：由文中第三段第一行"Old accounts say the ancientgods themselves guided lceland's first settler to make his homein Reykiaviik．He named the place Reykiavikafter the geothermalsteamhesaw．．．”可知C为正确选项。
2. While visiting Iceland, the most enjoyable thing is_______.
A. to taste its purely natural food
B. to wander freely in the city or the wilds as you please
C. to visit the night-spots there
D. to do tax-free shopping
答案: B 指导：由文中第一段最后一句话"The freedomtowander in the city or The wilds as you please is the key to the lceland experience"可知B为最佳选项。
3. Which of the following subjects are mentioned in the fifth paragraph
A. Shopping and accommodations
B. Dining and night-spots
C. City joys and backcloth of nature
D. Transportation and landscapes
答案: B 指导：由第五段明显可以看出B为最佳选项，关键词是本段第一行中的diningout和第五行中的alsofamousasone
Of europe's hottest nightspots．
4. It can be inferred from the passage that _______.
A. all visitors must dine out while visiting Iceland
B. hotel accommodation is so scarce that visitors usually camp in the city's big gest parks
C. people living in Reykiavik seldom get heat from coal
D. you have to walk a short distance if you want to go sight seeing outside the city
答案: C 指导：根据全文，此处以geothermal(地热)而命名，所以人们充分利用地热而很少烧煤，故此C应该为最佳选项。
Passage ****************
Governors, lawyers and business leaders have to deal with scientists, and every educated person finds his views affected by science. Yet our science teaching of non-scientists, in school and college,has built up mistaken ideas, dislikes, and the common boast, "I never did understand science.' Even those students who arrive at college with plans to become scientists usually bring a mistaken picture of science: some have a collection of unorganized facts about science, and some regard the study of science as a game which includes getting the right answer.
The first of these attitudes seems to come from a kind of course which provides various kinds of information; the second, from a training course on how to pass examinations that do not ask about the student's understanding but simply require him to put the numbers in the right formulas(公式). Neither type of courses (in school or college) seems to give students and understanding of science as we find it among scientists. Neither shows students how real scientists work and think how the facts are gathered, how discoveries are made, and what they mean. Young people need good teaching of science, not so much a great wealth of knowledge as a healthy understanding of the nature of science. They need an un-derstanding of knowl edge leading to sympathy with science and an eagerness of the way scientists work. Given these, it is easy to encourage later reading and learning.
1. One of the reasons that cause mistaken ideas of science is .
A. a mistaken picture in students' mind
B. the unscientific way of teaching of science
C. the fact that students fail to see the influence (影响)of science
D. the fact that students have a collection of unrelated facts about science
答案: B 指导：由文中第一段第二句"Yetourscience teaching of non-scientists，inschool and in college．．．”可知教育方式是错的，所以B为正确答案。
2. According to the passage, we can safely say that the subject of the passage is _______.
A. need for good science teaching
B. every person, including governors, lawyers and business leaders should study science
C. young people should form a correct attitude to science
D. students must know what science is and how scientists work and think
答案: A 指导：根据文章先说明教育的失误，再分析为何不正确，最后在结尾解决问题"young people need good teaching of science．．．”。所以A为正确答案。
3. A good course of science is_______.
A. to teach students to do things according to formulas
B. to provide students with all kinds of information
C. to help students have a good understanding and form a correct attitude to science
D. to encourage students to have a good command of knowledge
答案：C 指导：根据文中第二段中第五行"Neithertype of courses seems to give students an understanding“science…Neither shows students how real scientists work and think．．．”可知C为最佳选项。
4. People such as governors, lawyers and business leaders deal with scientists mainly because _______.
A. scientists are great persons
B.scientists make discoveries and apply them to help people live a more comfortable, stable and safe life
C. they owe much to scientists' contributions
D. they can be affected by scientists when they are together
答案：B 指导：由文中第一段第一句"and every educated person fidshis viewaffected by science'’可知与上一句构成并列关系，所以B为最佳选项。
Passage ****************
Is it possible to persuade mankind to live without war War is an ancient practice which has existed for at least six thousand years. It was always bad and usually foolish, but in the past, the human race managed to live with it. Modern cleverness has changed this. Either Man will end the existence of war, or war will end the existence of Man. For the present, it is nuclear weapons (核武器) that cause the most serious danger, but bacteriological or chemical weapons may, before long, offer an even greater threat. If we succeeded in ending the existence of nuclear weapons, our work will not be done. It will never be done until we have succeeded in ending war. To do this, we need to persuade mankind to look up on international problems in a new way not as contests of force, in which the victory goes to the side which is most skillful inkilling people, but by settling in accordance with agreed rules of law. It is not easy to change very old mental habits, but this is what must be attempted.
There are those who say that the acceptance of this or that ideology (意识形态) would prevent war. I believe this to be a big mistake. All ideologies are based upon dogmatic statements (强词夺理) which are, at best, doubtful, and at worst, totally false. Their supporters believe in them so deeply that they are willing to go to war in support of them.
The movement of world opinion during the past few years has been very largely such as we can welcome. It has become a commonplace that nuclear war must be avoided. Of course very difficult problems remain in the world, but the spirit in which they are coming nearer to is a better one than it was some years ago. It has begun to be thought, even by the powerful men who decide whether we shall live or die, that negotiations should reach agreements even if both sides do not find these agreements wholly satisfactory. It has begun to be understood that the important struggle nowadays is not between different countries but between Man and the atom bomb.
1. This passage implies that war is now_______.
A. worse than in the past
B. as bad as in the past
C. not as dangerous as in the past
D. as necessary as in the past
答案: A 指导：由文中第一段第六行"Forthepresent, it isnuclear weapons thatcausethemost seriousdanger，but bacteriological or chemical weapons may，before long，offer and even greater"可知A为正确答案。
2. In the sentence "To do this, we need to persuade mankind.. "( Paragraph 1 ) ,"this" refers to_______.
A. to end the existence of war
B. to improve weapons
C. to solve international problems
D. to live a peaceful life
答案: A 指导：由this的指代作用，要么是上面提到的东西，要么是下文马上要提到的东西，所以在此处应该是上文提到的endingway，因此A为最佳选项。
3. From Paragraph 2 we learn that the writer of the Passage_______.
A. is a supporter of some modern ideologies
B. does not think that the acceptance of any ideologies could prevent war
C. believes that the acception of some ideologies could prevent war
D. does not doubt the truth of any ideologies
答案: B 指导；由文章第二段第二行“Ibe lievet his to Leabigmis take"可知作者持怀疑态度，故B为最佳选项。
4. According to the writer,_______.
A. war is the only way to solve intemational arguments
B. war will be less dangerous because of the improvement of weapons
C. it is impossible for people to live without war
D. war must be ended if man wants to survive (生存)
答案：D 指导：由文中第一段第五行"EitherManwillendtheexis tence of war，orwarwill end the existence of Man"可知D为正确答案。
Passage **************
What do literary greats Sir Arthur Conan Doyle and Robert Bums have in common They both lived and wrote in Edinburgh, along with many other big names in the field of literature. This fact helped UNESCO (联合国教科文组织) award the city the tide of world's first City of Liter ature on October 14.
Edinburgh left a lasting impression on Arthur Conan Doyle (1859 1930). Although he was bom there, he went to school in England but retumed home for medical school. After graduating, he moved to London and began writing his Sherlock Holmes stories. His inspiration for the character came from one of his professors at university. Holmes' methods were so clever that they actually furthered the advance of the study of criminology (犯罪学)
Robert Bums (1759--1796) is still regarded as Scotland's national poet, more than 200 years after his death. He is cele- brated all over the world through translations of his works and the annual Bums Night supper on his birthday. One of his songs, "My Love Is Like A Red Red Rose" ranks among the finest love songs ever written and "Auld Lang Syne" (友宜地久天长) is sung all around the world.
As one of the first literary societies in Europe, the Scottish Parliament passed the world's first compulsory (有义务) education law in 1496. By the 1790s, almost all Scots could read. Visitors to Scotland often observed that even the lowest members of society had copies of Bums' poems and other books.
1. Edinburgh was awarded the title of world's first City of Lit erature because_______.
A. the first award ceremony of literature was held there
B. many literary greats like Sir Arthur Conan Doyle and Robert Bums were born there
C. it left a deep impression on many literary greats like Sir Arthur Conan Doyle
D. many literary greats like Sir Arthur Conan Doyle and Robert Bums often wrote about it
答案: B 指导：根据短文第一段所表述的：文坛巨匠亚瑟·科南· 道尔和罗伯特·伯恩斯以及文学界的其他一些名人，他们都出生在爱丁堡，笔耕于爱丁堡。在这座城市里产生了许许多多的作家，正由于这浓厚的书香氛围，联合国教科文组织于10月14日把“世界首座文学城市”的荣誉授予爱丁堡。
2. Arthur Corian ]Doyle was remembered mainly for his _______.
A. detective stories
B. love poems and songs
C. contribution to the study of criminology
D. clever writing skill
答案：A 指导：根据短文第二段中的内容：科南·道尔创作了福尔摩斯系列故事，其探案方法被描绘得非常奇妙，这让犯罪学研究也获益匪浅，并使其得到了进一步的发展。由此推断他是以“侦探小说”而出名。
3. In the last paragraph, the writer mainly discussed _______.
A. the impression of visitors to Scotland
B. how Bums' poems are popular in Scotland
C. the possible history reasons for many literary greats in Scotland
D. how the world's first tcompulsouy education law was made
答案：C 指导：段意推测题。最后一段所表述的意义为：苏格兰之所以产生这么多的文学巨匠有其历史渊源。短文中列举了 三个事实，苏格兰议会于1496年通过了世界上第一个义务教育法。到18世纪90年代的时候，几乎所有的苏格兰人都 能识字了。许多去苏格兰游览的人发现，就连苏格兰的市井小民也在读伯恩斯的诗以及其他一些书。
Passage *********
Animal Conservation
Many animal and plant species have become extinct(灭绝的) and many more are in critical danger. Finding Ways to protect the earth's wildlife and conserve (保护) the natural world they inhabit (居住) is now more important than ever.
Dodos
The dodo was a classic example of how human caused damage to the earth's biology. The flightless dodo was native to the Island of Mauritius in the Indian Ocean. It lived off fruit fallen from the island's trees and lived unthreatened until humans arrived in 15典型例题 easily controlled bird became a source of food for sailors and was attacked by animals introduced to the island by humans such as pigs, monkeys and rats. The population of dodo rapidly decreased and the last one was killed in 1681.
Rhinos
The rhino (犀牛) horn is a highly prized item for Asian medicines. This has led to the animal being hunted in its natural habitat. Once widespread in Africa and Eurasia, most rhinos now live in protected natural parks and reserves (保护区). Their numbers have rapidly decreased in the last 50 years, and the animals remain under constant threat from poachers (偷猎者).
Giant panda
The future of the World Wildlife Fund's symbol is far from certain. As few as I 000 remain in the wild. The Chinese goveminent has set up 33 panda reserves to protect these beautiful animals and made poaching them punishable with 20 years in prison. However,The panda's distinct black and white patched coat fetches a high price on the black market and determined poachers still pose (造就) one of the most serious threats to the animals continued existence.
Whales
The International Whaling Commission is fighting to en sure the survival of the whale species. Despite the fact that one third the world's oceans have been declared the whale sanctua ries (保护), 7 out of 13 whale species remain endangered. Hunted for their rich supply of oil, their numbers have de creased to just 300. Collisions (碰撞) with ships, poisonous pollution and being caught in fishing nets are other major causes of whale deaths.
Tigers
The last 100 years has seen a 95% reduction in the num bers of remaining tigers to between 5,000 and 7,000 and the Bali, Javan, and Caspian tigers are already extinct. The South China tiger is precariously close to disappearing, with only 20 to 30 still alive. Like the rhino horn, tigers' bones and organs are sought after for traditional Chinese medicines. These items are traded illegally along with tiger skins.
1. It implies that _______.
A. the dodo lacked the ability to protect itself from other animals
B. sailors to the Island of Mauritius lived mainly on the dodo
C. the dodo used to be a strong animal that liked fighting
D. the dodo, pigs, monkeys and rats were the natives to the Island of Mauritius
答案: A 指导：从文章中的flightless，livedofffruitfallenfromthe island'strees，Easilycontrolled等可推测出dodo缺乏保护自己的能力。
2. Which of the following statements is NOT true
A. The number of South (]tim tiger has reached crisis point.
B. Many animals are threatened with extinction as a result of human activity.
C. People hunt for the endangered animals for high profit.
D. The whale is the representing mark for the World Wildlife Fund
答案: D 指导：从第四段中的"The fature of the World Wildlife Fund's symbolis for from certain"一句可得“世界野生动物基金”的图案标志是“大熊猫”而不“鲸”。