(共108张PPT)
Unit?4
Scientists?who?changed?the?world
Extended
reading
&
Project
词汇知识·自主学习
Ⅰ.
根据语境写出正确的单词
1.
________knowledge
科学知识
2.
______choice
道德选择
3.
the
________to
thought
思想的自由
4.
the
____________of
scientists
科学家的责任
5.
my
complete
_________of
history
我对历史一无所知
6.
the
_________of
government
政府的权威
7.
_____sunscreen
涂抹防晒霜
8.
the
_____card
信用卡
scientific
moral
freedom
responsibility
ignorance
authority
apply
credit
Ⅱ.
根据语境填入恰当的介、副词
1.
It
represented
the
destruction
of
people
and
it
put
our
future
__risk.
2.
Is
there
some
evil
involved
__science?
3.
Another
value
of
science
is
the
intellectual
enjoyment
it
can
provide
us
____.
4.
When
he
is
pretty
sure
of
what
the
result
is
going
to
be,
he
is
still
__some
doubt.
5.
Our
freedom
to
doubt
was
born
out
of
a
deep
and
strong
struggle
_______
authority
in
the
early
days
of
science.
at
in
with
in
against
Ⅲ.
根据语境和汉语提示写出正确的短语
1.
The
first
way
in
which
science
is
of
value
___________(熟悉)everyone.
?
2.
If
we
make
good
things,
it
is
not
only
___________(归功于)of
science.
?
3.
I
trusted
him
but
he
___________(让我失望).
?
4.
When
he
has
an
idea
____(关于)
what
the
result
is,
he
is
uncertain.
?
5.
Now,
we
scientists
________________(想当然地认为)that
it
is
perfectly
possible
to
live
and
not
know.
?
is
familiar
to
to
the
credit
let
me
down
as
to
take
it
for
granted
Ⅳ.
用所给词的适当形式填空
1.
When
we
look
at
any
problem
deeply
enough,
we
feel
the
excitement
and
mystery
_______(come)
to
us
again
and
again.
2.
With
more
knowledge
comes
a
deeper,
more
wonderful
mystery,
________
(inspire)one
to
look
deeper
still.
3.
Never
concerned
that
the
answer
may
let
us
down,
with
pleasure
and
confidence
we
turn
over
each
new
stone
to
find
unimagined
strangeness
_______
(lead)on
to
more
wonderful
questions
and
mysteries.
coming
inspiring
leading
4.
It
is
our
responsibility
as
scientists,
________(know)
the
great
progress
that
is
the
fruit
of
freedom
of
thought,
to
declare
the
value
of
this
freedom,
to
teach
how
doubt
is
not
to
be
feared
but
to
be
welcomed
and
discussed,
and
to
ensure
this
freedom
for
all
coming
generations.
knowing
【词汇串记】
根据给出的构词规则完成下面的空格
以ce为词尾的名词转换为以t为词尾的形容词。
intelligence
n.
→intelligent
adj.
有才智的
difference
n.
→________adj.
不同的
silence
n.
→_____adj.
沉默的
importance
n.
→_________adj.
重要的
distance
n.
→______adj.
遥远的
different
silent
important
distant
阅读精析·合作学习
Task
1 框架宏观建构:
整体理解?
1.
Skim
the
passage
and
fill
in
the
blanks.
Paras.
1、2:
The
author’s
experience
caused
him
to
reconsider
__________
______.
?
Para.
3:
The
first
value
of
science:
_____________________________.
Para.
4:
The
second
value
of
science:
_______________________.
?
Paras.
5—7:
The
third
value
of
science:
__________________.
?
the
value
of
to
do
and
make
all
kinds
of
things
the
intellectual
enjoyment
the
freedom
to
doubt
science
2.
What
is
the
text
type
of
the
passage?
A.
Narration
(记叙文).
B.
Argumentative
Essay(议论文).
C.
Expository
Writing
(说明文).
D.
Practical
Writing
(应用文).
答案:
B
3.
What’s
the
main
idea
of
this
passage?
The
passage
is
mainly
about
the
value
of
science.
Firstly,
scientific
knowledge
enables
us
_____________________________.
However,
whether
we
can
make
good
things
depends
__________________________________________Secondly,
it
can
provide
us
with
_______________________.
Lastly,
in
order
to
make
progress,
we
must
recognize
__________________.
?
to
do
and
make
all
kinds
of
things
not
only
on
the
science
but
also
the
moral
choice.
the
intellectual
enjoyment
the
value
of
freedom
【寻技巧·提能力】
第一,
抓论点、寻论据。阅读议论文我们要抓住论题,
即作者提出的观点、给出的例证及最后得出的结论。抓住了论题,
我们就把握了中心。
第二,
注重文章结构,
理清文章脉络。把握文章结构,
有利于对文章大意的理解。从论证方法上讲,
常见的议论文结构有以下两类:
1.
Put
forward
a
question
→Analyze
the
question
→Solve
the
question这就是“提出问题、分析问题、解决问题”的过程。
2.
Argument/Idea
→
Evidence
→
Conclusion/Restating
the
idea这就是“由论点到论据到结论或者强调论点”的过程。
第三,
体会文章语言特点,
把握作者写作态度,
准确进行推理判断。能否正确把握作者的观点和态度是体现阅读能力的重要方面。一般来说,
对作者的总的态度和倾向,
必须在通读全文,
掌握了论点和论据后,
方能做出判断。
在判断作者观点态度时,
我们应注意,
有时候作者的观点和态度并不是明确地表达出来的,
需要我们认真体察。做推理判断时,
一定要遵循逻辑规律,
以事实为依据进行合理的推理。
Task
2 文本微观剖析:
细节探究?
1.
Choose
the
best
answer.
(1)What
causes
the
author
to
think
about
the
science
seriously?
A.
The
result
of
destroying
the
future.
B.
The
destruction
of
people.
C.
The
experience
of
working
on
the
atomic
bomb.
D.
The
evil
involved
in
science.
(2)What
plays
a
key
role
in
deciding
whether
the
science
is
good
or
not
according
to
Para.
3?
A.
Moral
choice.
B.
Scientific
knowledge.
C.
The
instructions
we
carried.
D.
The
things
we
made.
(3)Which
one
is
not
the
feeling
when
we
explore
a
problem
deeply?
A.
Thrill.
B.
Worry.
C.
Mystery.
D.
Joy.
(4)What
are
the
scientists
eager
for?
A.
Ignorance.
B.
Doubt.
C.
Uncertainty.
D.
Freedom.
答案:
(1)～(4)CABD
2.
Reread
the
passage
and
fill
in
the
blanks.
Paras.
1、2
(Introduction)
The
author’s
experience
of
working
on
the
atomic
bomb
caused
him
to
reconsider
the
value
of
(1)______.
Para.
3
(Point
1)
Scientific
knowledge
enables
us
to
do
and
make
all
kinds
of
things.
However,
whether
it
can
do
us
good
depends
a
lot
on
(2)
_______________.
Para.
4
(Point
2)
Science
can
provide
us
with
the
intellectual
enjoyment,
including
(3)
__________,
pleasure
and
confidence.
Paras.
5—7
(Point
3)
Scientists
have
the
freedom
to
(4)
______,
which
is
of
great
importance
for
the
progress
in
science.
In
order
to
progress,
we
must
leave
room
for
(5)
__________.
science
the
moral
choice
excitement
doubt
uncertainty
3.
Long
sentence
analysis.
(1)When
we
look
at
any
problem
deeply
enough,
we
feel
the
excitement
and
mystery
coming
to
us
again
and
again.
(宾语补足语)?
译文:
_______________________________,
我们就会感到一次又一次的兴奋和
神秘。
(2)With
more
knowledge
comes(谓语)
a
deeper,
more
wonderful
mystery,
inspiring
one
to
look
deeper
still(现在分词作结果状语)(倒装句).
?
译文:
_________,
谜团就越深,
越奇妙,
越能激励人去看得更深。
当我们足够深入地看待任何问题时
知识越多
(3)Never
concerned
that
the
answer
may
let
us
down(状语),
with
pleasure
and
confidence
we
turn
over
each
new
stone
to
find
unimagined
strangeness(主句)
leading
on
to
more
wonderful
questions
and
mysteries(现在分词作结果状语).
?
译文:
我们从不担心这个(问题的)答案会让我们失望,
带着愉悦和信心,
我们翻
开每一块新的石头,
发现无法想象的陌生感,
_________________________。
带来更多奇妙的问题和谜团
Task
3 阅读思维升华:
主题实践?
1.
This
result
of
science
was
obviously
very
serious—it
represented
the
destruction
of
people
and
it
put
our
future
at
risk.
(critical
thinking
批判性思
维)
___________________________________________________________________
________________________________?
2.
Such
power
has
obvious
value;
however,
the
power
is
decided
by
what
one
does.
(critical
thinking
批判性思维)
_________________________________________________________________
_________?
We
need
to
take
the
value
of
science
seriously.
Although
it
can
benefit
us
a
lot,
it
can
also
do
harm
to
human
beings.
The
science
is
powerful,
but
whether
it
can
do
us
good
depends
on
what
one
does
by
it.
3.
It
is
our
responsibility
as
scientists,
knowing
the
great
progress
that
is
the
fruit
of
freedom
of
thought,
to
declare
the
value
of
this
freedom,
to
teach
how
doubt
is
not
to
be
feared
but
to
be
welcomed
and
discussed,
and
to
ensure
this
freedom
for
all
coming
generations.
(critical
thinking
批判性思维)
____________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
Scientists
are
convinced
that
freedom
plays
a
key
role
in
the
progress
of
science,
so
it
is
their
duty
to
recognize
and
preserve
the
value
of
freedom.
要点精研·探究学习
1.
show
off
显示,
展示;
炫耀,
卖弄;
使夺目,
衬托
This
year’s
“Space”
theme
was
truly
excellent
and
showed
off
all
of
the
students’
creative
talent.
今年的“空间”主题非常精彩,
充分展示了同学们的创作才华。
The
player
was
given
hardly
any
opportunities
to
show
off
his
talents.
那位选手几乎没有得到什么机会展示自己的天赋。
I
had
to
stand
in
for
her
on
Tuesday
when
she
didn’t
show
up.
她周二没来,
我只好顶替她。
Would
you
show
me
around?
你可以带我参观一下吗?
【词块积累】
show
sb.
around
带某人参观
show
up
暴露,
显露;
来到,
露面
show
sb.
in/out
带某人进来/出去
【知识延伸】链接“v.
+up”型短语
build
up
增强
bring
up
抚养,
养育
keep
up
保持;
跟上
take
up
占据;
开始从事
turn
up
出现;
开大
cut
up
切碎
come
up
走近;
被提到
look
up
查阅;
向上看
cheer
up
(使)高兴起来
pick
up
拾起;
接载;
学会
【即学活用】
(1)语法填空。
①It’s
bad
manners
to
show
___your
wealth
before
others.
②
Show
the
visitor
__as
soon
as
he
arrives.
Don’t
make
him
wait
around
in
the
corridor.
③When
her
dinner
partner
showed
___,
she
also
pulled
up
a
chair.
④Before
you
start
to
work,
I’ll
show
you
_____________the
factory.
off
in
up
around/round
(2)The
fingerprints
on
the
glass
________(显现出来)due
to
the
sunlight.
?
(3)Many
small
children
like
to
________(炫耀)
in
front
of
the
guests.
?
(4)The
guide
________________________(带游客参观了)
Tian’anmen
Square
and
the
Palace
Museum
yesterday.
?
show
up
show
off
showed
the
tourists
around
2.
involve
vt.
牵涉,
影响;
包含;
(使)参加
I
had
to
ask
myself,
“Is
there
some
evil
involved
in
science?
”
我不得不问自己:
“科学里是不是有罪恶?
”
Greetings
in
Asian
countries
do
not
involve
touching
the
other
person,
but
they
always
involve
the
hands.
亚洲人打招呼是不接触他人身体的,
但经常会用到手。
I’d
like
to
involve
you
more
in
dealing
with
clients.
我想让你进一步参与同客户的交易。
Does
your
work
involve
a
lot
of
paper
filing
and
typing?
你的工作是不是涉及很多文件入档案和打字的工作?
【词块积累】
(1)involve
sb.
in
(doing)
sth.
使某人参与(做)某事;
使某人牵扯到某事中
involve
doing
sth.
包括做某事;
参与做某事
(2)involved
adj.
复杂的;
有牵连的,
有关的
get/be
involved
in
被卷入……之中;
热衷于,
专心于
【名师点津】
involved作前置定语时,
意为“复杂的”;
作后置定语时,
意为“涉及的”。如the
involved
story
复杂的故事,
the
people
involved所涉及的人。
【即学活用】
(1)语法填空。
①Doctors
have
worked
out
chart
showing
how
much
stress
is
involved
__
various
events.
②Michelle
found
a
job
as
a
high
school
teacher
which
involves
________(spend)
quite
a
lot
of
time
with
students.
③There
was
a
serious
incident
________(involve)
a
group
of
youths.
=There
was
a
serious
incident
with
a
group
of
youths
________(involve).
④________(involve)
in
the
car
accident,
the
driver
had
no
alternative
but
to
stay
and
wait
for
the
policeman.
in
spending
involving
involved
Involved
(2)It
really
benefited
me
a
lot
to
preview
lessons,
_________________________
and
review
what
had
been
taught
after
class.
?
预习功课、积极参与课堂活动、课后复习老师所教的东西确实使我受益匪浅。
get
actively
involved
in
class
3.
credit
n.
赞扬,
认可;
信用
vt.
存入金额;
把……归于
Of
course,
if
we
make
good
things,
it
is
not
only
to
the
credit
of
science;
it
is
also
to
the
credit
of
the
moral
choice
which
led
us
to
good
work.
当然,
如果我们做了善事,
不仅归功于科学,
还归功于引导我们行善的道德选择。
The
company
is
credited
with
inventing
the
industrial
robot.
这家公司被认为发明了工业机器人。
Much
of
the
team’s
success
can
be
credited
to
their
manager.
这个队的成功在很大程度上要归功于他们的经理。
Most
new
cars
are
bought
on
credit.
大多数新车是赊购的。
I
can’t
take
all
the
credit
for
the
show’s
success
—
it
was
a
team
effort.
这个节目的成功不能全归功于我——那是团队的努力。
To
their
credit,
the
four
countries
do
work
together
in
some
areas,
but
they
still
have
very
different
institutions.
值得赞扬的是,
这四个国家确实在一些领域进行了合作,
但它们的制度仍然非常不同。
【词块积累】
to
sb.
’s
credit
为某人增光;
值得赞扬
on
credit
赊账
credit
card
信用卡
get
/take
credit
for
因……而出名,
获得荣誉
give
sb.
credit
for
为……而称赞某人
【即学活用】
写出下列句子中credit的汉语释义。
①Giving
public
credit
to
someone
who
has
earned
it
is
the
best
leadership
technique
in
the
world.
_____
②Word
that
I
was
trustworthy
and
hard-working
got
around
town.
A
local
clothing
store
offered
me
credit
although
I
was
only
in
seventh
grade.
_____
③The
library
has
lockers
for
students
to
store
course
literature.
When
you
have
obtained
at
least
40
credits,
you
may
rent
a
locker.
_____
④It
was
hard
to
credit
some
of
the
stories
we
heard
about
her.
__________
赞扬
赊账
学分
信任;
相信
⑤He
is
a
great
young
man
who
is
a
credit
to
his
family
and
to
his
school.
___________
⑥What’s
the
credit
limit
on
your
credit
card?
_________
为……增光
信用额度
4.
apply
vt.
&vi.
应用;
申请;
涂;
有关
Scientific
knowledge
is
an
enabling
power
to
do
either
good
or
bad—but
it
does
not
carry
instructions
on
how
to
apply
it.
科学知识是一种有能力做好事或坏事的力量——但它没有说明如何应用它。
The
government
appears
to
be
applying
the
same
principle.
政府似乎在运用同样的原则。
In
all
the
cities
applying
for
the
Winter
Olympics
in
2022,
Beijing
has
more
advantages
over
other
cities.
在申请2022年的冬奥会的所有城市中,
北京比其他城市更有优势。
Scymanski
has
applied
himself
to
this
task
with
considerable
energy.
赛曼斯基已经花了相当多的精力致力于这项任务。
They
may
apply
to
join
the
organization.
他们可能申请加入该组织。
【词块积累】
(1)apply
(to
sb.
)
for
sth.
(向某人)申请某事
apply
sth.
to
把……应用于……
apply
to
sb.
/sth.
适用于/运用于……
apply
oneself
to
(doing)
sth.
集中精力做某事,
专注于
(2)application
n.
请求;
申请;
申请表;
应用
applicant
n.
申请人
【名师点津】
apply
oneself
to,
apply
to,
apply
sth.
to
等短语中的to为介词,
后接名词、代词或v.
-ing形式。
【即学活用】
(1)语法填空。
①I’m
applying
___a
part-time
job
in
an
overseas-funded
corporation.
②
We
should
not
only
know
the
theory
but
also
how
to
apply
it
__practice.
③
The
new
technology,
if
_______(apply)
to
farming,
will
help
increase
the
grain
output.
④Since
last
year,
he
has
been
applying
himself
to
________(study)
traditional
Chinese
medical
science.
⑤To
my
delight,
I
was
chosen
from
hundreds
of
_________(apply)
to
attend
the
opening
ceremony.
for
to
applied
studying
applicants
(2)改写句子。
If
you
apply
yourself
to
the
job
in
hand,
you’ll
soon
finish
it.
①__________________________________________________(用现在分词短语
作状语改写)?
②_________________________________________(用过去分词短语作状语改
写)?
Applying
yourself
to
the
job
in
hand,
you’ll
soon
finish
it.
Applied
to
the
job
in
hand,
you’ll
soon
finish
it.
5.
ignorance
n.
无知;
愚昧
The
scientist
has
a
lot
of
experience
with
ignorance
and
doubt
and
uncertainty,
and
this
experience
is
of
great
importance.
科学家经常会经历无知、怀疑和不确定,
而这种经历是十分重要的。
They
fought
a
long
battle
against
prejudice
and
ignorance.
他们同偏见与无知进行了长期的斗争。
We
cannot
afford
to
ignore
their
advice.
我们不能不考虑他们的劝告。
At
that
time
I
was
ignorant
of
events
going
on
elsewhere.
那时我并不了解其他地方发生的事情。
【词块积累】
ignore
advice/danger/facts
不听劝告/不顾危险/不顾事实
be
ignorant
of
不了解,
不清楚,
不知道
ignorant
adj.
无知的;
愚昧的
【即学活用】
语法填空。
①For
years
the
government
of
that
country
__________(ignore)
their
responsibility
when
it
comes
to
the
mental
ill.
?
②Last
week
a
tennis
ball
hit
me
on
the
head,
but
I
tried
________(ignore)
the
pain,
believing
that
it
would
go
away
sooner
or
later.
?
③That
unsuitable
remark
exposed
his
_________(ignore)
of
the
subject.
④Some
people
always
do
everything
they
like,
but
are
________(ignore)
of
others’
feelings.
has
ignored
to
ignore
ignorance
ignorant
6.
take
it
for
granted
想当然地认为;
认为……是理所当然
Now,
we
scientists
take
it
for
granted
that
it
is
perfectly
possible
to
live
and
not
know.
现在,
我们科学家理所当然地认为,
活在世上并对许多事情不了解是完全合乎事理的。
But
often
they
just
pass
by,
taking
the
human
traffic
signal
for
granted.
但是大多数情况下,
他们(司机)开着车就过去了,
把人体交通标志视为理所当然。
We
must
take
into
consideration
that
the
school
library
has
not
purchased
new
books
for
a
long
time.
我们必须考虑到学校的图书馆很久没有购买新书了。
Take
it
easy.
Don’t
be
so
sensitive.
放松点,
别这么敏感。
【词块积累】
take.
.
.
seriously
认真对待……
take.
.
.
into
consideration
把……考虑在内
take
it
easy
轻松点
take
one’s
time
慢慢来,
不紧张
【名师点津】
take.
.
.
for
granted
后接that从句作宾语时,
常用it作形式宾语,
构成take
it
for
granted
that.
.
.
结构。
【即学活用】
(1)语法填空。
①We
take
having
an
endless
supply
of
clean
water
___granted.
②Most
children
take
__for
granted
that
their
parents
should
provide
for
them
whatever
they
need.
③Don’t
take
what
she
said
________(serious)—she
was
only
teasing.
(2)There
is
no
hurry.
You
can
_____________(慢慢来)doing
your
homework.
?
(3)“Just
__________.
(放轻松)”,
doctor
said.
“You’ll
feel
better
presently.
”?
for
it
seriously
take
your
time
take
it
easy
7.
permit
vt.
&vi.
允许,
准许,
许可;
使有可能
n.
许可证
Visitors
are
not
permitted
to
take
photographs.
参观者请勿拍照。
We
hope
to
visit
the
cathedral,
if
time
permits.
如果时间允许,
我们希望能参观一下主教堂。
She
took
the
car
without
permission.
她未经许可擅自使用了汽车。
He
asked
permission
to
leave
the
room.
他请求准许离开房间。
【词块积累】
(1)permit
doing
sth.
允许做某事
permit
sb.
to
do
sth.
允许某人做某事
if
time
permits
如果时间允许
(2)permission
n.
[U]允许,
许可,
批准
have
permission
to
do
sth.
获得许可做某事
with
one’s
permission/with
the
permission
of
sb.
在某人的许可/准许下
without
permission
未经许可
【即学活用】
(1)语法填空。
①We
do
not
permit
________(smoke)
in
the
office.
②It
was
announced
that
only
when
the
fire
was
under
control
would
the
residents
___________(permit)
to
return
to
their
homes.
?
③We’ll
have
a
picnic
at
the
beach,
weather
__________(permit).
④As
a
punishment,
she
was
not
permitted
________(attend)
any
school
activities.
?
⑤I’ll
see
you
after
the
meeting,
if
time
_______(permit).
smoking
be
permitted
permitting
to
attend
permits
⑥She
had
asked
the
government
for
__________(permit)
to
move
the
books
to
a
safe
place,
but
they
refused.
(2)In
our
school,
no
student
can
go
out
of
the
classroom
_________________(未
经许可).
?
(3)Mary
is
______________________________(请求她母亲的许可)to
marry
Tom,
saying
he
is
a
responsible
young
man.
?
(4)
__________________(天气允许的话),
they
will
go
climbing.
permission
without
permission
asking
for
her
mother’s
permission
Weather
permitting
8.
declare
vt.
表明,
宣称;
公布,
宣布;
申报
It
is
our
responsibility
as
scientists,
knowing
the
great
progress
that
is
the
fruit
of
freedom
of
thought,
to
declare
the
value
of
this
freedom,
to
teach
how
doubt
is
not
to
be
feared
but
to
be
welcomed
and
discussed,
and
to
ensure
this
freedom
for
all
coming
generations.
作为科学家,
我们明白巨大进步来源于思想自由,
因此,
我们有责任宣扬这种自由的价值,
有责任教育人们不必害怕疑问,
而应对此持欢迎态度并展开讨论,
有责任确保我们的后代都享有这种自由。
The
company
declared
that
it
would
recall
the
machines
under
guarantee.
这个公司表明会召回那些在保修期内的机器。
Germany
declared
war
on
France
on
1
August
1914.
德国在1914年8月1日向法国宣战。
He
declared
that
he
was
in
love
with
her.
他声称他已爱上她。
【词块积累】
declare
sth.
/sb.
to
be/as
宣布……为……
declare
that-clause
宣布/宣称……
declare
war
(on/against.
.
.
)
(向……)宣战
declare
the
meeting
open/closed
宣布大会开幕/闭幕
【名师点津】
(1)declare指正式地、明确地向公众“宣布;
宣告;
声明”,
侧重“当众”发表,
多用于宣战、议和、宣判等。
(2)announce指正式地“公开;
发表;
宣布”,
侧重“预告”人们所关心或感兴趣的事情,
尤指新闻之类的消息。
【即学活用】
(1)选词填空(declare/announce)。
①The
school
office
__________that
the
sports
meeting
would
be
put
off.
②An
Italian
physician
has
________that
he
wants
to
be
the
first
to
clone
a
human
being.
(2)The
teacher
_______________________________?
老师宣布他为我们的班长。
(3)The
country
had
no
other
choice
but
_______________their
enemy.
?
这个国家没有其他选择,
不得不向他们的敌人宣战。
announced
declared
declared
him
(to
be/as)
our
monitor.
to
declare
war
on
(4)On
August
5,
our
headmaster
________the
sports
meet
_____.
8月5日,
我们的校长宣布运动会开幕。
declared
open
9.
The
first
way
in
which
science
is
of
value
is
familiar
to
everyone:
scientific
knowledge
enables
us
to
do
and
make
all
kinds
of
things.
?
科学有价值的第一种方式是大家都熟悉的:
科学知识使我们能够做和制造各种各样的东西。
【句式解构】
句中的is
of
value
=is
valuable
含义是:
有价值的。
The
book
is
of
great
value.
=The
book
is
very
valuable.
这本书很有价值。
The
dictionary
is
of
great
value
to
students.
=The
dictionary
is
very
valuable
to
students.
这本字典对学生们来说很有价值。
【知识延伸】
(1)“(be)of
+
名词”结构可用来说明主语在度量、大小、颜色、类别等方面的特征。这类名词有
colour,
age,
size,
height,
weight,
shape,
type,
kind,
quality
等,
名词前可用
different,
the
same,
a(n)等修饰。
(2)(be)of
后可接
help,
value,
use,
importance,
significance,
interest,
benefit
等抽象名词,
用来说明主语所具有的作用、重要性或意义,
意义相当于其同根形容词,
这类名词前可用
great,
much,
little,
any,
some,
no
等修饰。
be
of
great
importance
=
be
very
important
非常重要
be
of
great
value
=
be
very
valuable
价值很大
be
of
no
use
=
be
useless/
be
not
useful
没有用处
【即学活用】
(1)语法填空。
①It
is
of
great
__________(important)
to
educate
your
child
to
rely
on
himself.
②It
is
__great
benefit
for
the
farmers
to
plant
cash
crops.
③The
two
children
are
__the
same
age,
but
of
different
heights.
(2)The
books
published
by
his
company
are
_____________(高质量).
?
(3)Your
advice
will
_________________(很有好处)
to
the
development
of
our
company.
?
(4)His
guidance
about
future
career
is
___________(很有用处)
to
us.
?
importance
of
of
of
high
quality
be
of
great
benefits
of
much
use
(5)He
and
his
wife
__________________(想法一致):
they
both
want
their
son
to
go
to
college.
?
(6)一句多译。
你的支持对解决这个问题有很大的帮助。
①Your
support
_____________to
the
solution
of
the
problem.
?
②Your
support
_____________to
the
solution
of
the
problem.
?
are
of
the
same
mind
is
of
great
help
is
very
helpful
10.
Never
concerned
that
the
answer
may
let
us
down,
with
pleasure
and
confidence
we
turn
over
each
new
stone
to
find
unimagined
strangeness
leading
on
to
more
wonderful
questions
and
mysteries.
?
我们从不担心答案会让我们失望,
我们满怀喜悦和信心翻开每一块新石头,
寻找无法想象的奇异之处,
从而引出更多精彩的问题和谜团。
【句式解构】
句子中concerned
that.
.
.
作状语,
表明主语we
的状态。
How
often
do
we
arrive
at
work
or
school
stressed
out,
tired
and
angry?
有多少次我们极度焦虑、疲惫、恼怒地到达办公室或学校?
Thirsty
and
hungry,
he
went
to
the
farmer’s
to
ask
for
something
to
eat.
又渴又饿,
他来到农夫那里要一些吃的。
Frightened,
she
asked
me
to
go
with
her.
她吓坏了,
要我跟她一起去。
Holmes
found
the
man
lying
on
the
floor,
dead.
福尔摩斯发现那人躺在地板上死了。
For
a
moment
she
just
stood
there,
unable
to
believe
what
had
just
happened.
她在那里站了一会儿,
无法相信刚才发生的事情。
【知识延伸】
(1)形容词短语作状语,
说明主语的状况。
(2)副词作状语,
修饰整个句子,
往往放于句首。
【即学活用】
(1)语法填空。
①________(addict)
to
reading
e-books,
he
finds
it
hard
to
focus
on
his
study.
②_________(obvious),
he
is
not
telling
the
truth.
(2)孩子们万分兴奋,
盼望着去野餐。
译文:
__________________________________________________________?
(3)收到儿子的礼物,
他又惊又喜。
译文:
_________________________________________?
Addicted
Obviously
Full
of
excitement,
the
children
looked
forward
to
going
on
a
picnic.
He
received
his
son’s
gift,
surprised
and
happy.
课时素养评价
十二 Unit
4 Extended
reading
&
Project
【语用训练】
Ⅰ.
单句语法填空
1.
The
crowds
became
violent
and
threw
petrol
______(bomb)at
the
police.
2.
Noel
and
I
do
everything
together,
and
he
_______(involve)me
in
everything.
3.
She
noticed
that
only
$80,
000
had
been
_______(credit)
to
her
account.
4.
I
should
_____(apply)for
the
post
if
I
were
you,
and
I
think
you
stand
a
good
chance.
5.
People
don’t
like
to
ask
questions
for
fear
of
appearing
________(ignorance).
6.
Children
are
not
_________(permit)
into
the
cinema
without
their
parents.
bombs
involves
credited
apply
ignorant
permitted
Ⅱ.
选词填空
as
to,
take
it
for
granted,
let
him
down,
scientific
knowledge,
moral
choice,
the
credit
card
1.
I’ll
work
hard.
I
don’t
want
to
____________.
?
2.
They
have
not
decided
yet
____who
will
be
in
charge
of
the
project.
?
3.
If
you
can
use
English
to
share
your
__________________,
you
can
shock
the
world!
?
4.
I
________________that
you
will
be
coming
to
the
meeting.
?
5.
You
can
send
the
check,
or
you
can
use
_____________.
?
6.
In
this
world,
freedom,
self-determination,
and
___________are
real
and
possible.
?
let
him
down
as
to
scientific
knowledge
take
it
for
granted
the
credit
card
moral
choice
Ⅲ.
完成句子
1.
Don’t
have
the
students
______________.
?
不要让学生们整天学习。(现在分词作宾语补足语)
2.
On
the
wall
_______________________.
?
墙上挂着一幅美丽的画。(介词短语位于句首的倒装句)
3.
_______________________,
the
girl
was
very
happy.
?
由于被老师鼓励,
这个女孩非常高兴。(过去分词作状语)
4.
He
arrived
home,
_______________.
?
他回到家里,
又饿又累。(形容词作状语)
studying
all
day
hangs
a
beautiful
painting
Encouraged
by
the
teacher
hungry
and
tired
5.
She
could
not
entirely
______________the
arrangements
for
her
travelling.
?
她不能全力以赴地安排自己的旅行。(apply
oneself
to
sth.
)
6.
They
_______________to
learners
of
English.
?
它们对英语学习者有很大帮助。(be
of+名词)
apply
herself
to
are
of
great
help
课文语法填空
My
experience
of
working
1.
___
the
atomic
bomb
made
me
reconsider
the
value
of
the
science,
2.
______
I
had
long
devoted
myself
3.
___Firstly,
4._________
(science)knowledge
enables
us
to
do
and
make
all
kinds
of
things.
However,
5.
_______
we
can
make
good
things
depends
not
only
on
the
science
6.
___
also
the
moral
choice.
Secondly,
it
can
provide
us
with
the
intellectual
7.
_________(enjoy),
excitement
and
mystery
8.
________(include).
Lastly,
the
scientist
has
a
lot
of
experience
with
ignorance
and
doubt
and
uncertainty.
This
experience
is
9.
__
great
importance.
In
order
to
progress,
we
must
declare
and
recognize
the
value
of
10.
________(free).
on
which
to.
scientific
whether
but
enjoyment
included
of
freedom
【主题阅读】
Ⅰ.
阅读理解
A
(2020·西安高一检测)
(The
New
York
Times,
Oct.
7)
The
2019
Nobel
Prize
in
physiology(生理学)
or
medicine
was
jointly
awarded
to
three
scientists
—
William
G.
Kaelin
Jr.
,
Peter
J.
Ratcliffe
and
Gregg
L.
Semenza
—
for
their
work
on
how
cells
sense
and
adapt
to
oxygen
availability.
The
Nobel
Assembly
announced
the
prize
at
the
Karolinska
Institute
in
Stockholm
on
Monday.
Their
work
established
the
genetic
mechanisms(机制)
that
allow
cells
to
respond
to
changes
in
oxygen
levels.
The
findings
have
implications(启示)
for
treating
a
variety
of
diseases.
Why
did
they
win?
“Oxygen
is
the
lifeblood
of
living
organisms(生物体),
”
said
Dr.
George
Daley,
dean
of
Harvard
Medical
School.
“Without
oxygen,
cells
can’t
survive.
”
But
too
much
or
too
little
oxygen
can
be
deadly.
The
three
researchers
tried
to
answer
this
question:
How
do
cells
regulate
their
responses?
The
investigators
uncovered
detailed
genetic
responses
to
changing
oxygen
levels
that
allow
cells
in
the
bodies
of
humans
and
other
animals
to
sense
and
respond
to
fluctuations(波动),
increasing
and
decreasing
how
much
oxygen
they
receive.
Why
is
the
work
important?
The
discoveries
reveal
the
cellular
mechanisms
that
control
such
things
as
adaptation
to
high
altitudes
and
how
cancer
cells
manage
to
hijack(攫取)
oxygen.
Randall
Johnson,
a
member
of
the
Nobel
Assembly,
described
the
work
as
a
“textbook
discovery”
and
said
it
would
be
something
students
would
start
learning
at
the
most
basic
levels
of
biology
education.
“This
is
a
basic
aspect
of
how
a
cell
works,
and
I
think
from
that
standpoint
alone
it’s
a
very
exciting
thing,
”
Johnson
said.
The
research
also
has
implications
for
treating
various
diseases
in
which
oxygen
is
in
short
supply
—
including
anemia,
heart
attacks
and
strokes
—
as
well
as
for
treatment
of
cancers
that
are
fed
by
and
seek
out
oxygen.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。2019年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖联合授予了三位科学家,
他们发现了细胞如何感知并适应氧气供应。这是一项具有开创性的发现,
为抗击贫血、癌症和许多其他疾病的新策略铺平了道路。
1.
This
research
has
won
the
Nobel
Prize
mainly
because
______.
?
A.
there
was
no
research
of
this
kind
in
the
past
B.
oxygen
is
the
lifeblood
of
living
things
C.
it
has
uncovered
how
cells
sense
and
respond
to
changes
in
oxygen
levels
D.
various
diseases
will
be
cured
with
the
help
of
the
findings
of
the
research
【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第一段可知这项研究之所以获得诺贝尔奖,
主要是因为它揭示了细胞如何感知和响应氧气水平的变化。故选C。
2.
We
can
learn
from
the
passage
that
______.
?
A.
The
Nobel
Prize
was
awarded
to
a
physiologist
on
Monday
in
Sweden.
B.
Cancer
cells
manage
to
hijack
oxygen
and
need
oxygen
to
develop.
C.
The
more
oxygen
there
is
in
blood,
the
healthier
a
living
body
will
be.
D.
The
genetic
mechanisms
have
been
found
that
allow
oxygen
to
adapt
to
cells.
【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第五段中可知,
这些发现揭示了细胞机制,
这些机制控制着对高海拔环境的适应,
以及癌细胞是如何攫取氧气的。所以我们可以从文章中得知癌细胞设法攫取氧气并需要氧气来发育。故选B。
3.
Which
of
the
following
can
best
explain
the
underlined
word
in
the
text?
A.
used
for
textbooks
B.
powerful
and
authoritative
C.
typical
as
a
perfect
example
D.
basic
and
clear
【解析】选C。词义猜测题。根据下文可知,
它将是学生在最基础的生物教育阶段就开始学习的东西,
所以Randall
Johnson称这项研究是很典型的发现,
是“教科书式的发现”。故可知画线单词意为“典型的”,
故选C。
4.
In
which
part
of
The
New
York
Times
can
you
find
this
article?
A.
Entertainment.
B.
Culture.
C.
Technology.
D.
Science.
【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据文章第一段可知,
(《纽约时报》10月7日报道)2019年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖联合授予了三位科学家——William
G.
Kaelin
Jr.
、Peter
J.
Ratcliffe和Gregg
L.
Semenza,
以表彰他们在细胞感知和适应氧气供应方面所做的工作。根据文章的主要内容围绕他们的发现展开,
可知你可以在《纽约时报》的科学版上找到这篇文章。故选D。
【方法技巧】
高考中词义猜测可以是一个单词的意义猜测,
也可以是一个短语或句子的意义猜测,
既可以是生词意义,
也可以考查熟词新意;
还可以是对替代词所替代内容的猜测。在阅读理解题中,
所考查的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上,
要根据短文提供的语境,
通过阅读上下文语境来猜测。由于上下文中的生词不是孤立存在的,
其词义与句中其他词的词义或具体的语境有着密切的联系。因此在阅读过程中,
许多生词的词义可以充分利用上下文中相关的单词、短语并结合具体的语境来猜测。如第3小题,
根据下文it
would
be
something
students
would
start
learning
at
the
most
basic
levels
of
biology
education“它将是学生在最基础的生物教育阶段就开始学习的东西”,
可知Randall
Johnson称这项研究是很典型的发现,
是“教科书式的发现”。故可知画线单词意为“典型的”,
故选C。
B
(2020·杭州高一检测)
Here’s
an
idea
whose
time
has
come:
A
flu
shot
that
doesn’t
require
an
actual
shot.
For
the
first
time,
researchers
have
tested
a
flu
vaccine
patch(疫苗贴)
in
a
human
clinical
trial
and
found
that
it
delivered
as
much
protection
as
a
traditional
injection
with
a
needle.
Doctors
and
public
health
experts
have
high
hopes
that
it
will
increase
the
number
of
people
who
get
immunized(免疫的)
against
the
flu.
Seasonal
flu
is
responsible
for
up
to
half
a
million
deaths
around
the
world
each
year
according
to
the
World
Health
Organization.
A
team
led
by
Georgia
Tech
engineer
Mark
Prausnitz
has
come
up
with
an
alternative
method
that
uses
“microneedles”.
These
tiny
needles
are
so
small
that
100
of
them,
arranged
in
order
on
a
patch,
can
fit
under
your
thumb(拇指).
Yet
they’re
big
enough
to
hold
vaccine
for
three
types
of
flu.
None
of
the
study
volunteers
had
serious
side
effects.
The
groups
that
got
patches
had
mild
skin
reactions
that
were
not
seen
in
the
regular
needle
group,
while
the
volunteers
in
the
regular
needle
group
were
more
likely
to
experience
pain.
Overall,
70
percent
of
the
volunteers
who
got
vaccine
patches
said
they’d
rather
use
them
again
than
get
a
traditional
flu
shot.
The
study
authors
declared
it
a
success
on
all
fronts.
The
biggest
beneficiaries
could
be
people
in
low-and-middle-income
countries,
where
flu
vaccines
are
hard
to
come
by.
Reducing
pain
is
nice,
but
other
benefits—the
patch
costs
less,
is
easier
to
transport,
doesn’t
require
refrigeration,
can
be
self-administered
and
doesn’t
cause
waste
of
needles—are
even
better.
“Microneedle
patches
have
the
potential
to
become
ideal
candidates
for
vaccination
programs,
”
wrote
Katja
Hoschler
and
Maria
Zambon
of
Public
Health
England.
【文章大意】本文是说明文,
介绍的是一种不需要实际注射,
并且效果很好、易于操作、成本低、易于运输、无需冷藏的流感疫苗贴。
5.
What
is
the
passage
mainly
about?
A.
A
vaccine
patch
that
cures
people
of
their
flu.
B.
A
clinical
study
that
protects
people
from
disease.
C.
A
patch
that
makes
flu
shots
a
thing
of
the
past.
D.
A
method
that
makes
traditional
flu
shots
painless.
【解析】选C。主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“A
flu
shot
that
doesn’t
require
an
actual
shot”、第三段中的“These
tiny
needles
are
so
small
that
100
of
them,
arranged
in
order
on
a
patch,
can
fit
under
your
thumb.
Yet
they’re
big
enough
to
hold
vaccine
for
three
types
of
flu.
”及第四段最后一句等内容可知,
本文介绍的是一种不需要实际注射并且效果很好的流感疫苗贴,
这个新发明使以往的疫苗注射成为了过去。故选C。
6.
What
do
we
know
about
the
vaccine
patch?
A.
It
is
produced
by
the
WHO.
B.
It
causes
slight
side
effects.
C.
It
delivers
vaccine
to
the
little
finger.
D.
It
works
badly
on
30%
of
the
volunteers.
【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第四段可知,
疫苗实验过程中,
志愿者只是有轻微的副作用反应。故选B。
7.
The
new
patch
has
all
the
following
benefits
EXCEPT
that
______.
?
A.
it
is
provided
free
of
charge
B.
it
can
be
used
without
a
doctor
C.
it
can
be
kept
at
room
temperature
D.
it
needs
less
care
in
transportation
【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据文章内容可知这种疫苗贴的优点:
易于操作,
成本低,
易于运输,
不需冷藏,
没有针头的浪费等,
A项没有明确提到。故选A。
8.
What
is
Katja
and
Maria’s
attitude
towards
the
new
shot?
A.
Cautious.
B.
Favorable.
C
Ambiguous.
D.
Disapproving.
【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据最后一段可知,
Katja
Hoschler和
Maria
Zambon认为这种疫苗贴有可能成为疫苗接种项目的理想候选,
由此可见他们对疫苗贴是赞成的。故选B。
【方法技巧】
解答主旨大意题的主要方法是寻找主题句。寻找主题句的方法是略读法,
即快速浏览首尾段、每段的首尾句,
以及表达句段关系的连接性词语,
特别是but,
however,
though
(adv.
然而),
in
fact,
therefore等。有时,
没有体现段落或文章主旨的主题句,
我们就要根据文章所述内容进行归纳和概括。
本题中的第5小题为主旨大意题,
根据文章首句就可以判断。
Ⅱ.
阅读填句
(2020·南宁高一检测)
Each
year,
many
animal
species
die
out.
They
join
the
countless
species
that
have
gone
extinct
over
the
course
of
the
Earth’s
history
and
many
people
believe
they
disappear
forever.
1 ?
Now
some
scientists
are
focusing
on
the
ability
to
bring
back
extinct
species.
This
doesn’t
mean
the
plot
of
Jurassic
Park
is
going
to
become
a
reality.
The
researchers
need
DNA
to
clone
a
species.
2
Dinosaurs
have
been
gone
too
long
for
any
of
their
DNA
to
remain
in
fossils.
?
But
there’s
a
very
real
chance
that
we
will
be
able
to
bring
back
more
recently
extinct
species.
3
In
2003,
a
team
of
Spanish
and
French
scientists
recreated
the
Pyrenean
ibex,
which
had
gone
extinct
three
years
earlier.
The
new
animal
didn’t
survive
long,
but
scientific
advances
could
improve
the
success
rate.
In
January,
Australian
scientists
announced
that
they
were
on
their
way
to
bringing
back
the
gastric
brooding
frog.
?
That
we
can
bring
species
back
doesn’t
mean
that
we
should
do
that.
There
may
be
much
benefit
of
reviving(使复生)a
species,
but
there’s
no
way
to
know
how
it
will
turn
out.
4
Or
might
it
crowd
out
existing
species?
Environmentalists
worry
that
our
ability
to
bring
species
back
might
cut
down
support
for
the
hard
work
of
traditional
conservation.
?
5
If
we
can
correct
our
mistake,
why
not
use
the
chance
to
do
that?
As
Stewart
Brand,
a
businessman
and
environmentalist,
recently
said,
“Humans
have
made
a
huge
hole
in
nature.
We
have
the
ability
now
to
repair
some
of
that
damage.
”?
A.
DNA
is
the
chemical
that
carries
the
structure
of
a
living
thing.
B.
This
could
even
include
Ice
Age
animals
like
the
woolly
mammoth.
C.
However,
you
might
need
to
redefine(重新定义)
“forever”.
D.
This
could
even
be
true
to
dinosaurs
that
were
extinct
long
ago.
E.
For
example,
would
a
passenger
pigeon
fit
into
its
old
habitat?
F.
However,
some
people
argue
that
the
extinction
of
some
animals
is
really
our
mistake.
G.
In
addition,
most
people
think
that
the
extinction
of
some
animals
is
really
humans’
mistake.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。现在,
一些科学家正致力于使灭绝的物种复活的研究,
但这也可能会带来一系列的问题。
1.
【解析】选C。根据空前的“.
.
.
many
people
believe
they
disappear
forever”和下文谈及的科学家们使灭绝的物种复活的研究可知,
此处应填一个承上启下的句子,
故C项“然而,
你可能需要重新定义‘永远’了。”符合语境。此外,
C项中的“forever”也与空前句中的“forever”相呼应。
2.
【解析】选A。根据空前的“The
researchers
need
DNA
to
clone
a
species.
”可知,
A项“DNA是携带着生物的构造的化学物质。”符合语境,
解释说明了空前提及的“DNA”的概念。
3.
【解析】选B。根据空前的“.
.
.
we
will
be
able
to
bring
back
more
recently
extinct
species”可知,
B项承接上文,
进一步说明了可以被复活的物种,
表示“这甚至能包括像猛犸象一样的冰河时代的动物”。
4.
【解析】选E。根据空前的内容可知,
人们没有办法知道复活这些物种的结果;
结合空后的内容可知,
空处应填一个对可能会导致的结果的推测,
故E项“例如,
候鸽会适应它原来的栖息地吗?
”符合语境。
5.
【解析】选F。上下文之间构成转折关系,
且F项中的“mistake”与空后句子中的“mistake”相呼应,
故F项“然而,
一些人提出理由说明一些动物的灭绝真的是我们的错。”符合语境。
【方法技巧】
从试题位置上判断——问题在段首:
假如问题出现在段首,
它通常是段落主题句。认真阅读后文内容,
根据段落一致性原则,
查找同义词或其他相关的词,
推断出主题句。
另外着重阅读后文前两句,
锁定线索信号词,
然后在选项中查找相关特征词。
通常正确答案的最后一句与空白后的第一句在意思上是紧密衔接的,
因此这两句间会有某种衔接手段,
尤其是当选项是几句话时。
本题第5小题属于此类题型。
语法填空
阅读下面短文,
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
My
feelings
about
science
have
1.
(real)
changed.
I
never
used
to
enjoy
science,
2.
last
year
I
changed
schools,
and
the
science
teachers
at
3.
(I)
new
school
are
excellent.
The
science
facilities
are
very
good,
with
laboratories
that
have
all
the
latest
4.
(equip).
Our
chemistry
teacher,
Mr
Longford,
is
kind
enough
5.
(take)
us
to
public
science
lectures
about
four
times
a
term.
And
these
are
always
very
6.
(interest).
It
is
because
the
lecturers
are
people
7.
have
made
real
discoveries
8.
their
area
of
science.
The
fact
is,
Canada
has
many
first
class
scientists.
In
the
last
twenty
years,
seven
Canadian
scientists
9.
(win)
the
Nobel
Prize.
The
Nobel
Prize
is
the
highest
scientific
prize,
so
we
should
be
very
10.
(pride)
of
that.
【文章大意】这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了作者从不喜欢科学课到喜欢的过程。作者换了学校之后的科学老师经常带他们去参加科学讲座,
学校也有最新的科学仪器等。而且加拿大的科学氛围也是使作者喜欢上科学的主要原因。
1.
【解析】really。考查副词。句意:
我对科学的感觉真的改变了。分析句子可知,
change为动词,
因此需使用副词对其进行修饰,
故填really。
2.
【解析】but。考查连词。句意:
我从来不喜欢科学,
但我去年换了学校,
我新学校的科学老师都很出色。分析句子可知,
文中第二句提到作者之前不喜欢科学,
是因为换了学校才喜欢上科学的。由此可判断是转折关系,
故填but。
3.
【解析】my。考查代词。句意:
我新学校的科学老师都很出色。分析句子可知,
是作者学校里的老师非常出色。全文使用了第一人称,
故填my。
4.
【解析】equipment。考查名词。句意:
学校里的科学设施非常好,
实验室拥有所有最新的装备。分析句子可知,
latest为形容词,
应修饰名词,
且equipment为不可数名词,
因此不可加s,
故填equipment。
5.
【解析】to
take。考查非谓语动词。句意:
我们的化学老师Longford老师很善良,
一个学期大约带我们去四次公共的科学讲座。分析句子可知,
enough后接不定式作状语,
故填to
take。
6.
【解析】interesting。考查形容词。句意:
这些都总是很有趣。分析句子可知,
these指代的是science
lectures,
因此需用形容词对其进行修饰,
-ing形容词多修饰物,
-ed形容词多修饰人,
故填interesting。
7.
【解析】who/that。考查关系代词。句意:
这是因为这些讲师都是在科学领域真正有所发现的人。分析句子可知,
此处为定语从句,
且先行词people指人,
在从句中作主语,
故填who/that。
8.
【解析】in。考查介词。句意:
这是因为这些讲师都是在科学领域真正有所发现的人。分析句子可知,
in
the
area
of为固定搭配,
意为“在……领域”,
故填in。
9.
【解析】have
won。考查动词时态。句意:
在过去的二十年间,
有七位加拿大科学家获得了诺贝尔奖。分析句子可知,
In
the
last
twenty
years在句中作时间状语,
需用现在完成时。故填have
won。
10.
【解析】proud。考查形容词。句意:
所以我们对此应该感到非常骄傲。分析句子可知,
此处需用形容词作表语,
且be
proud
of为固定搭配,
意为“以……为自豪”,
故填proud。
【技巧点拨】
who引导的定语从句五注意:
(1)who引导的定语从句的先行词是表示人的名词或代词。例如:
The
student
who
is
answering
the
question
is
John.
正在回答问题的那个学生是约翰。
(2)who是主格,
在定语从句中作主语,
此时不能省略。例如:
The
person
who
was
here
yesterday
is
a
musician.
昨天在这里的那个人是一位音乐家。例如:
但在非正式英语中,
who亦可作宾语,
且可以省略。
The
man(who)I
saw
just
now
is
Mr
Li.
我刚才见到的那个人是李先生。
(3)在定语从句中,
who在人称、数上和其前面的先行词保持一致。例如:
Do
you
know
the
boy
who
is
standing
over
there?
你认识站在那边的那个男孩吗?
(4)若先行词中既有人又有物,
关系代词用that而不用who。例如:
He
watched
the
children
and
boxes
that
filled
the
car.
他注视着塞满汽车的孩子和箱子。
(5)若先行词前面有形容词最高级、序数词修饰,
关系代词用that而不用who。例如:
Yao
Ming
is
the
best
basketball
player
that
I
know.
姚明是我知道的最好的篮球运动员。
Tom
is
the
first
boy
that
left
the
room.
汤姆是第一个离开这个房间的男孩。(共147张PPT)
Unit?4
Scientists?who?changed?the?world
Welcome
to
the
unit
&
Reading
词汇知识·自主学习
Ⅰ.
根据语境写出正确的单词
1.
a
________disease
最致命的疾病
2.
increase
chance
of
_______
增加存活机会
3.
Zhejiang
________
浙江省
4.
a
______knowledge
of
both
Chinese
and
Western
medicine
广泛的中西医知识
5.
______to
find
a
cure
for
the
disease
想要找到治疗这种疾病的方法
6.
traditional
Chinese
medical
______for
malaria
treatment
治疗疟疾的传统中药配方
deadliest
survival
Province
broad
intend
recipes
7.
_____to
the
ancient
books
参考古籍
8.
________data
足够的数据
9.
the
_______of
traditional
Chinese
medicine
中医的智慧
10.
________the
point
说明这一点
refer
sufficient
wisdom
illustrate
Ⅱ.
根据语境填入恰当的介、副词
1.
Thanks
__her
discovery
of
qinghaosu,
malaria
patients
all
over
the
world
now
have
had
a
greatly
increased
chance
of
survival.
2.
In
the
1960s,
many
people
were
dying
__malaria.
3.
On
4
October
1971,
after
190
failures,
she
succeeded
__making
a
qinghao
extract
that
could
treat
malaria
in
mice.
4.
Tu
and
her
team
managed
to
find
solutions
__the
problem.
5.
They
worked
day
and
night
and
their
health
began
to
suffer
because
__the
poor
conditions,
but
they
never
gave
up.
to
of
in
to
of
6.
Even
____large
amounts
of
the
qinghao
extract
produced,
however,
they
still
faced
another
problem.
7.
More
than
40
years
after
its
discovery,
Tu
was
eventually
awarded
the
Nobel
Prize
___her
work.
8.
In
her
Nobel
Lecture,
she
encouraged
scientists
to
further
explore
the
treasure
house
of
traditional
Chinese
medicine
and
raise
it
__a
higher
level.
with
for
to
Ⅲ.
根据语境和汉语提示写出正确的短语
1.
Many
scientists
have
changed
our
lives
and
________________(产生影响)to
the
world.
?
2.
John
Nash,
a
mathematician
who
________________________(做出巨大的贡
献)game
theory.
?
3.
Facing
such
opportunities
and
challenges,
one
must
________(加速)
adjustment.
?
4.
After
all
these
years,
we’ve
at
last
_______(还清)
all
our
debts.
?
5.
Phil
had
to
________(凭借)inner
strength
to
complete
race.
?
made
a
difference
made
great
contributions
to
speed
up
paid
off
draw
on
Ⅳ.
根据语境及提示完成句子
1.
Tu
Youyou
has
become
the
first
female
Chinese
scientist
________________
_____(获得诺贝尔奖),
awarded
for
her
contribution
to
the
fight
against
malaria,
one
of
the
deadliest
diseases
in
human
history.
?
2.
_____(bear)in
1930,
in
Ningbo,
Zhejiang
Province,
Tu
studied
medicine
at
university
in
Beijing
between
1951
and
1955.
3.
She
completed
further
training
courses
in
traditional
Chinese
medicine,
_________(acquire)
a
broad
knowledge
of
both
Chinese
and
Western
medicine.
4.
When
they
failed
__________(produce)
any
promising
results,
Tu
referred
to
the
ancient
books
of
traditional
Chinese
medicine
again.
to
receive
a
Nobel
Prize
Born
acquiring
to
produce
5.
________(inspire)by
a
1,
700-year-old
text
about
preparing
Qinghao
with
cold
water,
Tu
redesigned
the
experiments
and
tried
extracting
the
herb
at
a
low
temperature
in
order
not
to
damage
its
effective
part.
6.
The
trials
on
real
patients
were
likely
______________(postpone)because
they
did
not
have
sufficient
data.
?
Inspired
to
be
postponed
【词汇串记】
根据给出的构词规则写出下列单词
动词变e为al变成名词。
survive
v.
→survival
n.
生存
approve
v.
→________n.
认可 arrive
v.
→______n.
到达
dispose
v.
→_______n.
处理
festive
adj.
→_______n.
节日
propose
v.
→________n.
建议
approval
arrival
disposal
festival
proposal
阅读精析·合作学习
Task
1 框架宏观建构:
整体理解?
1.
Skim
the
passage
and
fill
in
the
blanks.
Chinese
scientist
wins
2015
Nobel
Prize
Para.
1
Tu
Youyou
was
awarded
the
Nobel
Prize
for
(1)_________________________
Para.
2
(2)
__________________to
Tu
Youyou
Paras.
3-5
Tu
Youyou’s
(3)______
to
make
and
test
the
qinghao
extract
Para.
6
Qinghaosu
has
(4)
____________________and
Tu
Youyou
called
on
(5)
__________________________________________
_______________
her
discovery
of
qinghaosu
A
brief
introduction
efforts
benefited
many
people
more
scientists
to
further
explore
the
traditional
Chinese
medicine
2.
What
is
the
text
type
of
the
passage?
A.
Narration
(记叙文).
B.
Argumentative
Essay(议论文).
C.
Expository
Essay(说明文).
D.
Practical
Essay(应用文).
答案:
C
3.
What’s
the
main
idea
of
this
passage?
The
passage
mainly
talked
about
Tu
Youyou,
who
was
awarded
the
Nobel
Prize
for
her
(1)
____________________.
In
the
process,
Tu
Youyou
and
her
team
met
(2)
_______________,
they
did
not
give
up.
Instead,
they
managed
to
find
(3)
________to
these
problems.
Finally
their
efforts
(4)
_______.
Qinghaosu
has
benefited
many
people
and
Tu
Youyou
called
on
more
scientists
to
(5)
__________________________________________.
?
discovery
of
qinghaosu
many
challenges
solutions
paid
off
further
explore
the
traditional
Chinese
medicine
【寻技巧·提能力】
“英语说明文”,
顾名思义,
就是一种以“说明、解释”为主要表达方式的英
语文体。它是对客观事物的性状、特点、功能和用途等做科学解说的。它既
不像故事那样重在情节的叙述和描写,
也不像议论文那样,
重在阐明主张和论
点论据;
更不像科幻作品那样富于想象和虚构夸张。说明文是通过解说事物、
阐明事理,
使人们增长知识和技能。说明文是高考英语阅读理解题型中的重点
内容之一。说明文具有与自己特点相适应的说明方法,
因此说明文结构复杂,
专业术语多,
易于拉开考生分数档次,
便于高校分层次选拔人才。然而对于考
生来说,
说明文抽象度高,
解题难度增大了。高考对说明文的考查多为科普知
识,
动植物特性、自然现象和新产品、新工艺介绍以及人文地理、风土人情等
方面的说明文,
文中解释性、定义性、说明性的句子居多。因此考生要掌握说明文的命题特点,
叙述方式,
以冷静的心态阅读原文,
重点突破长句结构特点和逻辑关系,
以便对其做出准确的语意理解。
Task
2 文本微观剖析:
细节探究?
1.
Choose
the
best
answer.
(1)Why
was
Tu
Youyou
awarded
a
Nobel
Prize
?
A.
Because
she
discovered
qinghaosu.
B.
Because
she
was
the
first
female
Chinese
scientist.
C.
Because
malaria
is
the
worst
disease
in
human
history.
D.
Because
patients
surviving
malaria
increased
greatly.
(2)What
is
the
main
idea
of
Paragraph
2?
A.
Tu
Youyou’s
further
education.
B.
Tu
Youyou’s
brief
introduction.
C.
Tu
Youyou’s
wide
knowledge
of
medicine.
D.
Tu
Youyou
’s
efforts
to
fight
against
the
disease.
(3)What
caused
Tu
Youyou
to
redesign
the
experiment
?
A.
She
failed
to
get
what
she
wanted.
B.
The
trial
on
real
patients
are
likely
to
be
put
off.
C.
She
wanted
to
speed
up
the
process.
D.
She
got
an
idea
from
an
old
text
about
qinghao.
(4)What
did
Tu
Youyou
advocate?
A.
To
make
sure
more
people
keen
on
malaria.
B.
To
make
sure
that
more
scientists
get
a
Nobel
Prize.
C.
To
encourage
youngsters
to
make
full
use
of
the
traditional
Chinese
medicine.
D.
To
call
on
people
to
make
contributions
to
the
global
health
care.
(5)Which
one
is
not
Tu
Youyou’s
quality
as
a
scientist?
A.
Determined.
B.
Knowledgeable.
C.
Flexible.
D.
Stubborn.
答案:
(1)～(5)ABDCD
2.
Reread
the
passage
and
fill
in
the
blanks.
Problems
Solutions
The
extracts
failed
to
produce
any
promising
results.
Tu
referred
to
the
ancient
books
of
(1)
_________________________
again.
Tu
Youyou
could
not
produce
enough
qinghao
extract
because
research
resources
and
good
equipment
were
in
short
supply.
They
had
to
put
qinghao
into
household
water
containers
and
they
(2)_______
day
and
night.
Tu
Youyou
did
not
have
sufficient
data
to
start
trials
on
real
patients.
Tu
and
her
team
volunteered
to
(3)
_____________________on
themselves
first.
traditional
Chinese
medicine
worked
test
the
qinghao
extract
3.
Long
sentence
analysis.
(1)In
the
1960s,
many
people
were
dying
of
malaria,
and(并列连词)
in
1969
Tu
became
head
of
a
team
that
intended
to
find
a
cure
for
the
disease.
(that
引导的
定语从句,
先行词team在定语从句中作主语)?
译文:
在20世纪60年代,
许多人死于疟疾,
1969年屠呦呦担任了一个课题组的组
长,
这个小组_________________________。
计划找到该疾病的治疗方法
(2)However,
it
(形式主语)was
hard
to
produce
enough
qinghao
extract
for
large
trials
(真正的主语)because
research
resources
and
good
equipment
were
limited.
(because
引导的原因状语从句)?
译文:
然而,
_________________________,
难以生产出足够的青蒿提取物进行
大规模试验。
由于研究资源和设备的限制
(3)In
November
1972,
they
successfully
isolated
the
most
effective
part
of
the
extract
and(并列连词,
isolated
与named并列)
named
it
qinghaosu—a
pure,
stronger
qinghao
extract
which
is
now
a
key
part
of
many
malaria
medicines.
(qinghaosu
的同位语,
其中which引导定语从句修饰qinghao
extract)?
译文:
1972年11月,
他们成功分离出该提取物中最有效的部分,
并将其命名为青
蒿素——一种纯度高、强度大的青蒿提取物,
现在已成为___________________
_____。
许多疟疾药物的关键
成分
Task
3 阅读思维升华:
主题实践?
1.
What
can
you
infer
from
the
sentence
“More
than
40
years
after
its
discovery,
Tu
was
eventually
awarded
the
Nobel
Prize
for
her
work.
”?
(Critical
Thinking批判性思维)
________________________________________________________________
__________?
It
means
that
Tu
Youyou
did
not
get
recognition
as
soon
as
she
discovered
qinghaosu.
2.
What
can
you
infer
from
the
sentence
“Perhaps
the
next
generation
of
scientists,
drawing
on
the
wisdom
of
traditional
Chinese
medicine,
will
indeed
discover
more
medicines
beneficial
to
global
health
care.
”?
(Critical
Thinking
批判性思维)
____________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________?
It
means
that
the
traditional
Chinese
medicine
is
significant
and
beneficial,
and
the
future
scientists
should
take
fully
advantages
of
it
to
serve
people.
3.
Tu
Youyou
is
the
first
female
Chinese
scientist
to
win
a
Nobel
Prize.
In
your
opinion,
what
is
the
significance
of
this
achievement?
(Creative
Thinking创造
性思维)
____________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________?
She
discovered
qinghaosu
which
benefits
many
people
and
shows
the
strengths
of
the
traditional
Chinese
medicine
to
the
whole
world.
要点精研·探究学习
1.
survival
n.
生存,
存活;
残存物,
幸存事物
Thanks
to
her
discovery
of
qinghaosu,
malaria
patients
all
over
the
world
now
have
had
a
greatly
increased
chance
of
survival.
由于她发现了青蒿素,
世界各地的疟疾患者现在有了极大的生存机会。
Several
buildings
in
the
town
have
survived
from
medieval
times.
镇上有几座建筑物是从中世纪时期留存下来的。
The
ceremony
is
a
survival
from
pre-Christian
times.
这种仪式是从前基督教时代流传下来的。
He
survived
the
earthquake
他在地震中幸存下来。
【词块积累】
(1)survival
n.
幸存;
残留下来的人(物)
survivor
n.
幸存者
(2)A
survive
B
(by.
.
.
)
A比B活得长(……)
survive
sth.
(经历意外、战争、疾病等后)幸存,
活下来
survive
on
靠……生存下来
【名师点津】
survive易错提醒
survive
表示“幸免于”时,
是及物动词,
因此不需要加多余的介词in,
from等。
【即学活用】
(1)语法填空。
①How
does
the
family
survive
___such
a
small
monthly
wage?
②It’s
said
that
the
woman
survived
her
husband
___10
years.
③Determining
where
we
are
in
relation
to
our
surroundings
remains
an
essential
skill
for
our
_______(survive).
on
by
survival
(2)句式升级。
After
she
had
survived
that
night,
she
was
confident
that
everything
else
would
be
all
right.
→_______________________,
she
was
confident
that
everything
else
would
be
all
right.
(用现在分词短语作状语改写)?
Having
survived
that
night
2.
intend
vi.
&vt.
想要;
计划;
意指
In
the
1960s,
many
people
were
dying
of
malaria,
and
in
1969
Tu
became
head
of
a
team
that
intended
to
find
a
cure
for
the
disease.
在20世纪60年代,
许多人死于疟疾,
1969年屠呦呦担任了一个课题组的组长,
这个小组计划找到该疾病的治疗方法。
I
intend
you
to
come
with
me.
我打算让你和我一起去。
We
intend
that
production
will
start
next
month.
我们打算下个月开始生产。
The
program
was
set
up
with
the
intention
of
providing
help
for
homeless
people.
设立这个项目的目的是为无家可归的人提供帮助。
【词块积累】
(1)intend
doing/to
do
sth.
打算去做某事
intend
sb.
to
do
sth.
打算让某人去做某事
sb.
intend(s)
that
=It
is
intended
that
打算
(2)intended
adj.
预期的,
有意的
be
intended
for.
.
.
为……准备
(3)intention
n.
意图
with
the
intention
of.
.
.
怀着……的意图
【即学活用】
(1)语法填空。
①We
intend
__________(go)
to
Australia
next
year.
?
②I
didn’t
intend
her
_____(see)
the
painting
until
it
was
finished.
?
③She
had
a
firm
________(intend)
within
herself
to
be
the
best
swimmer.
(2)这本词典专为高中生量身打造。(be
intended
for)
译文:
__________________________________________________?
going/to
go
to
see
intention
The
dictionary
is
intended
for
senior
high
school
students.
3.
inspire
vt.
鼓舞;
激励;
启发思考
Inspired
by
a
1,
700-year-old
text
about
preparing
qinghao
with
cold
water,
Tu
redesigned
the
experiments
and
tried
extracting
the
herb
at
a
low
temperature
in
order
not
to
damage
its
effective
part.
据一本1
700年前的古籍记载,
古人通过冷水制备青蒿,
受此启发,
屠呦呦重新设计了实验,
为了不破坏其(抗疟的)有效成分,
她尝试在低温下提取。
How
do
you
inspire
your
students
to
do
their
best?
你如何激励你的学生们,
使他们发挥出最好水平呢?
I
inspired
Tom
with
hope.
我用希望激励汤姆。
I
can
not
write
without
inspiration.
没有灵感我写不出东西。
【词块积累】
(1)inspire
sb.
to
do
sth.
激励某人做某事
inspire
sb.
with
sth.
用……来激励某人
inspire
sth.
in
sb.
激起某人某种情感
(2)inspired
adj.
受到鼓舞的
(3)inspiring
adj.
鼓舞人心的;
启发灵感的
(4)
inspiration
n.
灵感;
鼓舞
【即学活用】
(1)语法填空。
①The
captain’s
heroic
effort
inspired
them
____determination.
=The
captain’s
heroic
effort
inspired
determination
__them.
②His
speech
was
so
________(inspire)that
his
students
were
inspired
_______
(study)
harder
than
ever
before.
?
③________(inspire)
by
my
good
friend,
I
intended
to
study
abroad.
④Come
on!
Let’s
give
support
and
__________(inspire)
to
each
other.
(2)His
speech
_______________again.
?
他的演讲鼓舞我们再试一次。
with
in
inspiring
to
study
Inspired
inspiration
inspired
us
to
try
(3)一句多译。
她的话激发了我的信心。
①Her
remarks
_______________confidence.
?
②Her
remarks
___________________me.
?
inspired
me
with
inspired
confidence
in
4.
limited
adj.
有限的
Time
is
limited
and
let’s
come
straight
to
the
point.
时间有限,
我们开门见山吧。
The
damage
was
limited
to
the
roof.
损坏仅限于屋顶。
We
should
set
a
limit
to/on
what
our
children
can
do.
我们应该为孩子们能做的事设定一个限度。
There
is
no
limit
to
what
you
can
do
if
you
are
hardworking.
你如果努力的话,
成就无可限量。
【词块积累】
(1)be
limited
to
限定在……
limit.
.
.
to.
.
.
(=be
limited
to)
把……限制在……内
limit
sb.
to
(doing)
sth.
限制某人(做)某事
(2)limit
n.
限度;
限制
vt.
限制;
限定
beyond/over
the
limit
超过限度
within/without
limits
适度地/
无节制地
to
the
limit
达到极限
set
a
limit
to/on
在……上设定限度
There
is
a/no
limit
to.
.
.
……是有/
无限度的(to
是介词)
(3)limitless
adj.
无限的
【即学活用】
(1)语法填空。
①
In
my
opinion,
taking
cellphones
with
the
students
should
not
be
banned,
but
_______(limit)
to
certain
areas.
②As
we
all
know,
a
person’s
life
is
limited,
but
knowledge
is
________.
(limit)
③I’ll
help
as
much
as
I
can,
but
there
is
a
limit
__what
I
can
do.
(2)In
my
opinion,
you
____________________the
expense
of
your
trip.
?
在我看来,
你们最好给你们的旅行费用定一个限度。
(3)To
lose
weight,
he
_______________________________________________
____.
?
为了减肥,
他限制自己一天只喝三杯牛奶,
吃几个水果。
limited
limitless
to
had
better
set
a
limit
to
limits
himself
to
three
cups
of
milk
and
several
fruits
a
day
5.
beneficial
adj.
有益的;
有用的
Perhaps
the
next
generation
of
scientists,
drawing
on
the
wisdom
of
traditional
Chinese
medicine,
will
indeed
discover
more
medicines
beneficial
to
global
health
care.
也许下一代科学家利用中医的智慧,
确实会发现更多有益于全球卫生保健的药物。
The
money
is
used
for
the
benefit
of
the
poor.
这笔钱是用来造福穷人的。
The
rain
will
benefit
the
crops
greatly.
这场雨对庄稼大有好处。
I
am
sure
everyone
will
benefit
a
lot
from
this
activity.
我相信每个人都会从这次活动中受益良多。
【词块积累】
benefit
v.
/n.
使受益/好处
benefit
from/by
得益于……,
从……中受益
to
one’s
benefit
对某人有益
be
of
benefit
to=be
beneficial
to
对……益处
for
the
benefit
of
sb.
=for
one’s
benefit
为了某人的利益
【即学活用】
(1)语法填空。
①It
is
said
that
yoga
is
of
great
benefit
__human
health.
In
other
words,
we
can
benefit
_______yoga.
②In
fact,
music
education
is
_________(benefit)
and
important
to
all
the
students.
(2)Taking
plenty
of
exercise
can
be
________________(对……非常有好处)
your
health.
?
(3)China
has
been
pushing
the
reform
of
public
hospitals
_______________(为
了……的利益)
all
its
citizens.
?
to
from/by
beneficial
of
great
benefit
to
for
the
benefit
of
6.
conduct
vt.
/vi.
组织,
实施;
指挥;
引导;
举止;
传导n.
行为
(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)To
test
the
effect
of
social
influence
on
eating
habits,
the
researchers
conducted
two
experiments.
为了测试社会影响力对饮食习惯的影响,
研究人员进行了两个实验。
So
far
we
have
conducted
a
variety
of
activities
on
English
learning.
到目前为止,
我们已经开展了各种各样的英语学习活动。
The
guide
conducted
us
around
the
West
Lake.
导游带我们游览了西湖。
Make
sure
you
conduct
yourself
as
a
good
neighbour
should.
你一定要像一个好邻居一样行事。
Confucius
suggested
a
principle
for
the
conduct
of
life
“Do
not
do
to
others
what
you
would
not
want
others
to
do
to
you.
”
孔子提出了“己所不欲,
勿施于人”的人生准则。
【词块积累】
(1)conduct
sb.
around.
.
.
带某人参观……
conduct
sb.
to.
.
.
带某人去……
conduct
oneself
well/badly
(行为)表现好/差
(2)conduction
n.
传导
conductor
n.
指挥,
售票员
【即学活用】
(1)语法填空。
①The
orchestra(管弦乐队)were
all
in
position,
waiting
for
the
_________
(conduct).
②Iron,
being
a
metal,
readily
________(conduct)
heat.
(2)写出句中黑体单词的汉语释义。
①His
conduct
disagrees
(不一致)with
his
words.
(
)
②To
conduct
the
study
they
chose
15
male
dogs
and
15
female
ones
aged
between
one
and
six
years.
(
)
③He
conducted
himself
far
better
than
expected.
(
)
conductor
conducts
行为
进行
表现
7.
draw
upon/on利用;
凭借;
依靠,
依赖;
临近
Drawing
upon
more
than
1,
500
years
of
Chinese
music,
Twelve
Girls
Band
mixes
this
rich
tradition
with
classical,
folk
and
contemporary
sounds.
凭借一千五百多年的中国音乐,
女子十二乐坊把这些丰富的传统与古典、民间和当代的声音融合在了一起。
As
the
people
draw
near
they
can
hear
the
deep
growling
roar.
人们走近时能听到深沉的轰隆声。
It
is
important
to
draw
a
conclusion
from
the
facts.
从事实中得出结论很重要。
They
agreed
to
draw
up
a
formal
agreement.
他们同意起草一份正式协议。
【词块积累】
draw
near/close
(时间、空间的)临近
draw
a
conclusion
(from.
.
.
)
(从……中)得出结论
draw
one’s
attention
(to.
.
.
)
吸引某人的注意(……)
draw
up
草拟
【即学活用】
(1)写出下列句中draw
upon/on的含义。
①Musicians
often
draw
upon
their
imagination
for
composing.
__________
②I
will
draw
upon
you
for
help
when
necessary.
_____
③The
College
Entrance
Examination
is
drawing
on,
so
we
must
devote
ourselves
to
studying.
_____
(2)Scientists
have
_____________________smoking
is
greatly
associated
with
lung
cancer.
?
科学家们已得出结论:
肺癌与吸烟有很大的关系。
利用;
凭借
依靠
临近
drawn
a
conclusion
that
(3)With
Christmas
____________,
many
supermarkets
__________discounts
to
___________________________.
?
随着圣诞节的临近,
许多超市利用打折来吸引消费者的注意。
drawing
near
draw
upon
draw
the
consumers’
attention
8.
point
out指出
In
her
Nobel
Lecture,
Tu
Youyou
referred
to
the
strengths
of
both
Chinese
medicine
and
Western
medicine,
and
pointed
out
that
there
is
great
potential
for
future
advances
if
scientists
make
good
use
of
these
strengths.
屠呦呦在诺贝尔奖演讲中提到了中医和西医的优势,
并指出如果科学家充分利用这些优势,
未来的发展潜力巨大。
To
me,
this
is
a
very
thought-provoking
argument,
as
it
points
out
the
benefits
of
online
friendships.
对我来说,
这是一个非常发人深省的论点,
因为它指出了网上交友的好处。
He
is
pointing
to
the
north.
他正在指向北方。
Bob
is
pointing
at
a
tree.
Bob正在指着一棵树。
She
was
on
the
point
of
going
out
when
the
telephone
rang.
她正要出去,
电话铃响了。
【名师点津】
point
out一点通
point
out是由“动词+副词”构成的短语,
所以后面的宾语若是代词,
应把代词放在point与out之间。
【词块积累】
point
to
指向(强调方向)
point
at
指向(强调目标),
指着
be
on
the
point
of
doing
sth.
when.
.
.
正要/即将……的时候/
在……之际;
正要
【即学活用】
(1)Mike
asked
me
to
________(指出)
the
mistakes
in
his
exercises.
?
(2)Not
far
from
there,
you’ll
see
a
signpost
__________(指向)
the
town
you
want
to
go
to.
?
(3)
_______________,
the
expert
__________the
advantages
of
cloning
technology,
___________________,
he
did
not
support
cloning
research.
?
一方面,
这个专家指出了克隆技术的优点;
但是另一方面,
他不支持克隆研究。
point
out
pointing
to
On
the
one
hand
pointed
out
but
on
the
other
hand
9.
refer
to查阅,
参考;
提到,
谈及,
提交;
指的是
When
they
failed
to
produce
any
promising
results,
Tu
referred
to
the
ancient
books
of
traditional
Chinese
medicine
again.
当他们没有取得任何有希望的结果时,
屠呦呦再次求助于中医古籍。
While
giving
the
English
speech,
one
is
not
allowed
to
refer
to
the
notes.
在进行英语演讲时,
不允许查阅演讲稿。
The
scientist
referred
to
global
warming
at
least
three
times
in
his
speech.
这位科学家在演讲中至少三次提到全球变暖。
The
word
“business”
also
refers
to
an
organization
that
provides
goods
and
services.
商业这个词也指提供商品和服务的组织。
My
colleague
said
that
as
the
situation
was
unusual,
he
would
refer
the
matter
to
his
editor.
我的同事说,
由于情况不同寻常,
他将把此事提交给他的编辑处理。
【即学活用】
用所给单词或词块的正确形式替换黑体部分,
使句意保持不变。
mean,
look
it
up
in,
mention
①In
his
speech,
he
referred
to
a
recent
trip
to
Canada.
(__________)
②When
you
meet
with
a
new
word,
you
can
refer
to
a
dictionary.
(___________)?
③The
term
“multitasking”
referred
to
a
computer’s
ability
to
carry
out
several
tasks
at
one
time.
(______)
mentioned
look
it
up
in
meant
10.
speed
up加速
To
speed
up
the
process
and
ensure
its
safety,
Tu
and
her
team
volunteered
to
test
the
qinghao
extract
on
themselves
first.
为了加快这一过程并确保其安全性,
屠呦呦和她的团队自愿先在自己身上测试青蒿提取物。
Make
the
rural
economy
flourish
and
speed
up
urbanization.
繁荣农村经济,
加快城市化进程。
The
boat
was
on
the
inside
of
the
huge
whirlpool
and
we
were
going
round
in
circles
at
great
speed.
船在巨大的漩涡里,
我们正以极快的速度在漩涡里打转。
The
car
is
running
at
a
speed
of
fifty
kilometers
an
hour.
这辆小车正以每小时50千米的速度行驶着。
【词块积累】
at
full
speed 以全速
at
top
speed
以最高速
at
a
speed
of
以……的速度
at
the
speed
of
light/sound
以光速/声速
【即学活用】
(1)语法填空。
①Do
you
know
the
speed
__which
a
rocket
travels?
②Standing
at
the
top
of
the
hill,
we
saw
the
train
gradually
speeded
___and
disappeared
in
the
distance.
(2)The
truck
was
travelling
___________(以……的速度)
50
mph.
?
(3)They
drove
to
the
hospital
___________(以最高速).
?
(4)After
driving
_________________(以高速),
Mark
arrived
at
the
destination
half
an
hour
early.
?
at
up
at
a
speed
of
at
top
speed
at
high/great
speed
11.
The
trials
on
real
patients
were
likely
to
be
postponed
because
they
did
not
have
sufficient
data.
因为他们没有充足的数据,
在真实病人身上进行实验可能推迟。?
【句式解构】
be
likely
to
do
sth.
意为“很可能……”。
It
is
likely
that
he
is
right.
=He
is
likely
to
be
right.
他有可能是对的。
I’m
likely
to
be
very
busy
tomorrow.
明天我可能很忙。
I’ve
heard
whispers
that
the
firm
is
likely
to
go
bankrupt.
我听到传闻说公司很可能要破产。
A
rather
different
fate
seems
more
likely.
另一种大不相同的命运似乎更可信。
【词块积累】
be
likely
to
do
sth.
很可能做某事
It’s
likely
that.
.
.
很可能……
It’s
more
likely
that.
.
.
更可能……
Not
likely!
绝对不可能!
才不呢!
(表示坚决不同意)
【知识延伸】
It
is
likely/possible/probable
that.
.
.
(
)
It
is
possible(for
sb.
)to
do
sth.
(
)
sb.
/sth.
is
likely
to
do
sth.
(
)
sb.
/sth.
is
possible/probable
to
do
sth.
(
)
likely既可用人又可用物作主语;
possible和probable作表语时不能用人或物作
主语。
√
√
√
×
【即学活用】
(1)语法填空。
①If
you
find
something
you
love
doing
outside
of
the
office,
you’ll
be
less
likely
_______(bring)
your
work
home.
?
②It
is
likely
____virtual
reality
will
become
a
part
of
modern
life
in
the
near
future.
to
bring
that
(2)选词填空:
possible/likely/probable。
①It
is
highly
_____________________that
he
will
take
over
his
father’s
business.
②He
is
_____to
make
rapid
progress
in
English
because
he
is
studying
hard.
③It
is
_______for
you
to
grow
this
flower
even
in
winter.
④Brian
is
gifted
in
writing
music;
he
is
very
_____to
be
a
Beethoven.
likely/possible/probable
likely
possible
likely
12.
However,
it
was
hard
to
produce
enough
qinghao
extract
for
large
trials
because
research
resources
and
good
equipment
were
limited.
?
然而,
由于研究资源和良好的设备有限,
很难生产足够的青蒿提取物用于大规模试验。
【句式解构】
本句含有“It
is+形容词十不定式”结构。其中It是形式主语,
不定式短语是真正的主语。
It
is
hard
to
think
of
a
world
without
metals.
很难想象一个没有金属的世界(是什么样子)。
It
is
considerate
of
you
to
see
me
off.
你为我送行真体贴。
It
is
tough
for
me
to
finish
the
task.
完成这项任务对我来说很难。
【名师点津】
It
is/was+adj.
(for/of
sb.
)+to
do
sth.
在“It
is/was+adj.
(for/of
sb.
)+to
do
sth.
”结构中,
for前面的形容词通常是difficult,
necessary,
important,
quick,
easy等,
这些形容词多与事物的特征有关。而
of
前面的形容词常常是wise,
kind,
stupid,
silly,
bright,
nice,
good等,
这些形容词常与人的性格特点有关。
【知识延伸】
It作形式主语的常见句型:
(1)It
is+adj.
+(for/of
sb.
)
to
do
sth.
(2)It
is+adj.
/n.
+that从句
(3)It
is
no
good/use
doing
sth.
做某事是没有好处/用处的
(4)It
is+过去分词+that从句
【即学活用】
(1)语法填空。
①Sometimes
it
may
be
helpful
_____(use)
examples
to
explain
abstract
concepts.
?
②It’s
kind
__you
to
lend
me
a
hand.
③It
is
difficult
___the
boy
to
solve
the
problem.
④
It’s
no
use
_______(argue)
with
her—she
won’t
listen.
to
use
of
for
arguing
(2)句式升级。
①You
are
careless
to
make
so
many
mistakes
in
the
exam.
→__________________________________________________?
②He
didn’t
pass
the
exam
and
that’s
a
shame.
→____________________________________
It
is
careless
of
you
to
make
so
many
mistakes
in
the
exam.
It
is
a
shame
that
he
didn’t
pass
the
exam.
【要点拾遗】
1.
award
n.
奖;
奖品;
奖金
vt.
授予;
颁发;
奖励
Tu
Youyou
has
become
the
first
female
Chinese
scientist
to
receive
a
Nobel
Prize,
awarded
for
her
contribution
to
the
fight
against
malaria,
one
of
the
deadliest
diseases
in
human
history.
屠呦呦成为第一位获得诺贝尔奖的中国女科学家,
这是为了表彰她在抗击人类历史上最致命的疾病之一疟疾方面做出的贡献。
They
awarded
the
first
prize
to
John.
他们把一等奖授予约翰。
The
virtual
choir
was
the
idea
of
award-winning
composer
and
conductor
Eric
Whitacre.
虚拟唱诗班是获奖作曲家兼指挥家埃里克·惠塔克的主意。
Learning
that
he
won
an
award
for
his
album,
the
composer
felt
very
proud
of
himself.
得知自己的专辑获奖后,
这位作曲家感到非常自豪。
【词块积累】
get/receive/win
an
award(for.
.
.
)
因……获奖
give
sb.
an
award
给某人颁奖
present
an
award
颁奖
award
sb.
sth.
=award
sth.
to
sb.
授予某人某种荣誉
【名师点津】
词语辨析award
,
reward与
prize
(1)award多指奖励、奖赏、奖品,
都与“荣誉”有关,
动词是“授予,
颁发”。
(2)reward含前缀re-“再、又”,
有“返还”之意。是“以回报的方式奖励、奖赏”,
因此常译为“回报、报答、酬谢”等。(a)
reward
for(doing)
sth.
(做)某事的奖励
(3)prize指在比赛、竞赛中获得的奖;
first
prize一等奖
【即学活用】
(1)语法填空。
①The
Olympic
winner
received
a
gold
medal
as
___award.
②It
is
within
our
power
to
reward
him
___his
bravery.
③Mo
Yan
____________(award)the
Nobel
Prize
in
Literature
in
2012,
which
made
one
of
the
Chinese
people’s
longheld
dreams
come
true.
?
(2)He
________________his
excellent
performance.
?
他由于出色的表演而获奖。
(3)We
came
here
to
_______________to
each
of
them.
?
我们来这里是为他们每个人颁奖的。
an
for
was
awarded
won
the
award
for
present
an
award
(4)The
winner
was
awarded
a
gold
medal.
=A
gold
medal
______________the
winner.
?
获胜者被授予了一枚金牌。
(5)选词填空award/reward/prize。
①Mrs
Taylor
has
an
8-year-old
daughter
who
has
a
gift
for
painting—she
has
won
two
national
______.
②Work
gets
done
more
easily
when
people
do
it
together,
and
the
_______are
higher
too.
③His
movie
won
several
_______at
the
film
festival,
which
was
beyond
his
wildest
dream.
was
awarded
to
prizes
rewards
awards
2.
contribution
n.
贡献;
捐款,
捐献物;
稿件,
作品
John
Nash,
a
mathematician
who
made
great
contributions
to
game
theory.
约翰纳什,
一位对博弈论有重大贡献的数学家。
This
is
a
magazine
with
contributions
from
well-known
travel
writers.
这是一本由著名旅游作家撰稿的杂志。
I
gave
a
contribution
of
$100
to
the
church.
我给教堂捐了100美元。
【词块积累】
(1)contribute
to
有助于;
促成;
为……做贡献
contribute.
.
.
to/towards.
.
.
向……捐献……;
向……投稿
(2)contribution
n.
贡献
make
contributions/a
contribution
to
对……做出贡献
【名师点津】
表示“引起;
导致;
有助于”的词语有:
cause,
lead
to,
result
in,
bring
about
小片段阅读
J.
K.
Rowling’s
novel
Harry
Potter
made
a
great
contribution
to
the
world
literature.
She
has
contributed
a
lot
of
money
to
the
charity
since
she
became
rich.
To
inspire
other
writers,
she
shared
some
rejection
letters
from
the
publishers.
Those
letters
related
to
The
Cuckoo’s
Calling.
J.
K.
Rowling
contributed
the
novel
to
a
magazine
under
the
name
of
Galbraith
without
revealing
her
true
identity.
The
first
was
rejected
by
several
publishers,
and
Rowling
was
even
advised
to
take
a
writing
course.
When
The
Cuckoo’s
Calling
eventually
found
a
publisher
in
2013,
it
was
achieving
respectable
sales
before
the
secret
of
its
authorship
broke,
and
it
contributed
to
the
novel
reaching
the
top
of
the
bestseller
lists.
译文:
J·K·罗琳的小说《哈利波特》对世界文学做出了巨大的贡献。自从她发财以来,
她向慈善机构捐了很多钱。为了激励其他作家,
她分享了一些来自出版商的信。那些信和《布谷鸟的呼唤》有关。J·K·罗琳以加尔布雷斯的名义将小说投稿给一家杂志,
但没有透露她的真实身份。第一次被几家出版商拒绝了,
罗琳甚至被建议参加写作课程。2013年,
《布谷鸟的呼唤》最终找到了一家出版商,
在其作者身份的秘密泄露之前,
它已经取得了可观的销量,
这也促使这部小说登上了畅销书排行榜的榜首。
【即学活用】
(1)语法填空。
①Everyone
is
willing
to
contribute
food
and
clothes
__the
homeless
people.
②I
am
sure
your
suggestion
will
contribute
to
_______(solve)
the
problem.
③Who
made
a
great
___________(contribute)
to
the
civil-rights
movement
in
the
U.
S.
?
(2)Only
in
this
way
can
we
________________________our
family
and
our
society.
?
只有用这种方法我们才能为我们的家庭和社会做出大贡献。
to
solving
contribution
make
great
contributions
to
3.
pay
off成功,
奏效,
达到目的;
还清
The
efforts
of
Tu
and
her
team
finally
paid
off.
屠呦呦和其团队的努力终于有了回报。
He
studied
hard
before
the
examination,
and
it
paid
off.
He
made
an
A.
他在考试前努力学习,
结果得到了回报。他得了A。
Once
we’ve
paid
off
the
debts,
we’ll
owe
money
to
no
one.
一旦我们还清了债务,
我们就不欠任何人钱了。
Over
1,
000
workers
will
be
paid
off
if
this
factory
closes.
如果这家工厂关闭,
一千多名工人将获得遣散费。
【词块积累】
pay
off
(1)用于pay
off
sth.
或
pay
sth.
off结构。
通常接account,
debt,
loan等作宾语。
(2)用于sth.
pay
off结构。通常用effort,
hard
work,
persistence等作主语。
(3)用于
pay
sb.
off结构。
pay
for
支付;
为……付出代价
【即学活用】
(1)根据句意,
写出pay
off的最佳释义。
①Finally,
that
hard
work
paid
off
and
now
the
water
in
the
river
is
cleaner
than
ever.
____________________
②We
decided
to
move
there
and
tried
to
find
a
rental
house
that
we
could
afford
while
also
paying
off
a
mortgage(抵押贷款)on
our
ruined
house.
____________
取得成功;
得到好结果
还清(欠债等)
(2)翻译句子。
①他们将在25年内还清债务。
________________________________________________________________
______________?
②辛勤的劳动没有白费。
___________________
③我希望现在付出的努力会得到好结果。
_____________________________________________?
④多亏了我最亲爱的老师,
我所有的努力有了回报,
最终我成了尖子生。
_________________________________________________________________
___________?
They
will
pay
off
their
debts
within
25
years.
/
Their
debts
will
be
paid
off
within
25
years.
Hard
work
pays
off.
?
I
hope
that
the
great
effort
I
am
making
will
pay
off.
Thanks
to
my
dearest
teacher,
all
my
efforts
paid
off
and
finally
I
became
a
top
student.
【拓视野·观天下
】
1.
To
those
who
are
able
to
draw
on
technology
,
there
is
no
better
time
to
be
alive
than
now,
but
to
others
life
has
been
increasingly
complex
and
stressful.
对那些能够利用科技的人来说,
没有比现在更好的生活了,
但是对其他人来说,
生活已经变得越来越复杂和紧张。
2.
The
world-famous
British
scientist
Stephen
Hawking
who
has
made
great
contributions
to
the
world
has
been
forced
by
illness
to
miss
a
symposium
organised
to
mark
his
70th
birthday.
Some
of
the
most
famous
physicists
in
the
world
had
gathered
to
honour
him.
对世界做出巨大贡献的世界著名英国科学家斯蒂芬·霍金因疾病被迫缺席了为纪念他70岁生日而组织的研讨会。世界上一些最著名的物理学家聚集在一起为他庆祝。
3.
A
detailed
study
of
the
effects
of
climate
change
on
the
mountain
regions
of
Europe
has
pointed
out
that
many
alpine
meadows
could
disappear
within
the
next
few
decades.
Researchers
from
13
European
countries
said
that
some
plants
were
likely
to
have
the
problem
of
survival
as
warmer
conditions
forced
them
even
higher
to
seek
familiar
colder
habitats.
一项关于气候变化对欧洲山区影响的详细研究指出,
许多高山草甸可能在未来几十年内消失。来自13个欧洲国家的研究人员说,
一些植物可能面临生存问题,
因为温暖的环境迫使它们在更高的地方寻找熟悉的更冷的栖息地。
4.
A
report
conducted
by
Zagreb
University
says
scientist
may
have
overestimated
the
level
of
carbon
emissions
in
China
over
the
past
decade
because
of
the
limited
knowledge
about
the
type
of
coal
being
used
there.
萨格勒布大学的一份报告称,
由于对中国使用的煤炭类型的了解有限,
科学家可能高估了过去十年中国的碳排放水平。
5.
Don’t
always
believe
what
scientists
and
other
authorities
tell
you!
Be
skeptical!
Think
critically!
That’s
what
I
tell
my
students.
Early
in
my
career,
I
was
a
conventional
science
writer,
easily
inspired
by
scientists’
claims.
But
doubt
gradually
weakened
my
faith.
Now,
I
urge
my
students
to
doubt
the
claims
of
some
scientists.
I
am
convinced
that
their
efforts
to
explore
the
truth
would
pay
off.
不要总是相信科学家和其他权威告诉你的!
务必持怀疑态度!
批判性地思考!
这是我告诉我的学生的。在我职业生涯的早期,
我是一名传统的科学作家,
很容易受到科学家言论的启发。但怀疑逐渐削弱了我的信心。现在,
我敦促我的学生怀疑一些科学家的说法。我相信他们探索真相的努力会有回报的。
6.
All
kinds
of
inventions
referred
to
at
the
meeting
are
intended
to
be
the
slaves
of
human
beings,
if
human
beings
are
not
to
be
slaved
by
machines.
如果人类不被机器奴役的话,
会上提到的各种发明都是为了成为人类的奴隶。
课时素养评价
十 Unit
4 Welcome
to
the
unit
&
Reading
【语用训练】
Ⅰ.
单句语法填空
1.
All
_______(theory)
originate
from
practice
and
in
turn
serve
practice.
2.
The
terrorists
have
chosen
to
play
a
______
(dead)
game
with
the
civilian
population.
3.
If
you
refer
to
the
_______
(survive)
of
something
or
someone,
you
mean
that
they
manage
to
continue
or
exist
in
spite
of
difficult
circumstances.
4.
The
Grand
Canal
flows
southwards
through
the
four
_________(province)
of
Hebei,
Shandong,
Jiangsu
and
Zhejiang.
theories
deadly
survival
provinces
5.
I
________(intend)to
do
it,
but
I
was
afraid
I
forgot.
6.
This
material
has
been
________(extract)from
Collins
Good
Wood
Handbook.
7.
The
astronauts
are
conducting
a
series
of
___________(experiment)
to
learn
more
about
how
the
body
adapts
to
weightlessness.
8.
They
displayed
only
a
part
of
their
products
because
space
was
_______
(limit).
9.
The
match
was
_________(postpone)
to
the
following
Saturday
because
of
bad
weather.
10.
When
a
person
has
an
infectious
disease,
he
is
usually
_______
(isolate)
from
other
people.
intended
extracted
experiments
limited
postponed
isolated
Ⅱ.
选词填空
game
theory,
refer
to,
speed
up,
pay
off,
draw
on,
point
out
You
are
driving
very
slowly.
Do
________a
bit
or
we’ll
never
get
to
Edinburgh.
?
2.
This
story
illustrates
an
important
distinction
between
ordinary
decision
theory
and
___________.
?
3.
She
kept
__________her
bank
account
to
such
an
extent
that
the
bank
soon
notified
her
that
she
was
overdrawn.
?
speed
up
game
theory
drawing
on
4.
In
drawing
up
the
plan,
they
went
to
the
library
to
_______many
books.
?
5.
When
the
mistake
was
__________to
him
he
hastened
to
correct
it.
?
6.
It
took
them
three
years
to
______their
debts.
?
refer
to
pointed
out
pay
off
Ⅲ.
翻译句子
1.
似乎那家公司很快将解雇更多工人。(It
is
likely
that.
.
.
句型)
____________________________________________________
2.
她于1923年4月29日在伦敦出生。(be
born短语)
______________________________________
3.
这和去年给我们作报告的是同一人。(that引导定语从句,
作主语)
____________________________________________
4.
照顾孤儿是他的责任。(it代替不定式作形式主语)
______________________________________
It
is
likely
that
the
company
will
lay
off
more
workers
soon.
?
She
was
born
in
London
on
April
29,
1923.
?
This
is
the
same
man
that
gave
us
a
talk
last
year.
?
It
was
his
duty
to
take
care
of
the
orphans.
?
5.
约翰没有出席会议,
因为他病了。(because引导原因状语从句)
____________________________________________
6.
他是一位好老师,
这是我们所知道的。(which引导定语从句,
作主语)
_______________________________________
John
didn’t
attend
the
meeting
because
he
was
ill.
?
He
is
a
good
teacher,
which
is
known
to
us.
?
Ⅳ.
课文语法填空
Tu
Youyou
has
become
the
first
female
Chinese
scientist
1.
_________
(receive)
a
Nobel
Prize.
Thanks
to
her
discovery
of
qinghaosu,
patients
have
had
a
greatly
increased
chance
of
2.
_______(survive).
Tu
Youyou
acquired
a
broad
knowledge
of
both
Chinese
and
Western
medicine
after
3.
__________(complete)
further
training
courses
in
traditional
Chinese
medicine.
Then
in
1969
Tu
became
head
of
a
team
4._____intended
to
find
a
cure
for
malaria.
After
190
5.
_______
(fail),
she
succeeded
6.
__
making
a
qinghao
extract
that
could
treat
malaria
in
mice.
The
efforts
of
Tu
and
7.
___(she)
team
finally
paid
8.
___.
In
her
Nobel
Lecture,
she
to
receive
survival
completing
that
failures
in
her
off
9.
__________(encourage)scientists
to
further
explore
the
treasure
house
of
traditional
Chinese
medicine.
She
is
convinced
that
we
will
discover
more
medicines
10.
_________(benefit)to
global
health
care.
?
encouraged
beneficial
【主题阅读】
Ⅰ.
阅读理解
A
(2020·北京高一检测)
China
became
the
first
country
to
clone
a
monkey
using
non-reproductive
cells,
reducing
the
need
to
keep
lab
monkeys
and
paving
the
way
for
more
accurate,
effective,
and
affordable
animal
tests
for
new
drugs.
By
December
of
2017,
Chinese
scientists
had
created
two
clone
macaques
named
“Zhong
Zhong”
and
“Hua
Hua”
by
nuclear
transferring
of
somatic
cells—any
cell
in
the
organism
other
than
reproductive
cells.
This
was
the
similar
technology
used
to
create
the
famous
clone
sheep
Dolly
in
1996.
“Cloning
a
monkey
using
somatic
cells
has
been
a
world-class
challenge
because
it
is
a
primate(灵长类动物)that
shares
its
genetic
makeup,
therefore
all
of
its
complexity,
with
humans,
”
Pu
Muming
said.
“For
drug
and
other
lab
tests,
scientists
have
to
purchase
monkeys
from
all
over
the
world,
which
is
costly,
bad
for
the
environment
and
produces
inaccurate
results
because
each
monkey
might
have
different
genes,
”
Pu
said.
“By
cloning
monkeys
using
somatic
cells,
we
can
mass
produce
large
numbers
of
genetically
identical(相同的)offspring
in
a
short
time,
and
even
change
their
genes
to
suit
our
needs,
”
he
added.
“This
can
save
time,
cut
down
experiment
costs,
and
produce
more
accurate
results,
leading
to
more
effective
medicine.
”
“This
achievement
will
help
China
lead
the
world
research
in
an
international
science
project
related
to
neural(神经的)mapping
of
primate
brains,
”
he
said.
However,
bio
labs
from
the
United
States,
Japan,
and
European
countries
are
also
very
able,
and
they
will
quickly
catch
up
to
China
after
the
monkey
cloning
technology
is
made
public,
Sun
added.
“This
means
we
have
to
innovate(创新)continuously
and
work
extra
harder
this
year
to
stay
ahead,
”
he
said.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文,
介绍了中国成为世界上第一个使用非生殖细胞克隆猴子的国家以及这项技术的意义。
1.
What
is
special
about
China’s
cloning
monkeys?
A.
It
transferred
cells
in
the
lab.
B.
It
creates
two
monkeys
at
a
time.
C.
It
adopts
a
method
of
embryo
splitting.
D.
It
uses
non-reproductive
cells.
【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第一段中的“China
became
the
first
country
to
clone
a
monkey
using
non-reproductive
cells”可知,
中国克隆猴子的特别之处是使用了非生殖细胞,
故D项正确。
2.
Why
do
scientists
clone
monkeys?
A.
To
keep
monkeys
from
being
endangered.
B.
To
test
new
medicines
on
them.
C.
To
find
the
side
effects
of
medicines.
D.
To
find
a
cure
for
mental
diseases.
【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第一段中的“paving
the
way
for
more
accurate,
effective,
and
affordable
animal
tests
for
new
drugs”可知,
科学家克隆猴子是为了在它们身上测试新药,
故B项正确。
3.
What
Sun
said
in
the
last
paragraph
suggests
______.
?
A.
they
are
determined
to
catch
up
to
America
B.
they
try
to
avoid
competition
from
other
countries
C.
they
aren’t
satisfied
with
what
they
have
achieved
D.
they
have
to
keep
the
monkey-cloning
technology
a
secret
【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据最后一段可知,
他说美国、日本和欧洲国家的生物实验室将很快赶上中国,
所以我们必须持续创新和更努力地工作以保持领先地位,
言外之意是他们对所取得的成就还不满意,
故C项正确。
【方法技巧】
推理判断题要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上,
做出一定的推理判断,
从
而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推理判断题所涉及的内容可能是文中的
某一句话,
也可能是某几句话,
所以,
推理判断题的答案只能是根据原文表面文
字信息进一步推出的答案:
即对原文某一句话或某几句话所作的同义改写或综
合。推理判断题的题干中通常有infer,
suggest,
imply,
conclude,
indicate等标志
性词语。
这种题型主要包括细节判断题、态度观点推断题、写作意图推断题、
文章出处判断题和猜测想象推断题。本题第3小题,
由文章最后一段中的
“However,
bio
labs
from
the
United
States,
Japan,
and
European
countries
are
also
very
able,
and
they
will
quickly
catch
up
to
China
after
the
monkey
cloning
technology
is
made
public,
Sun
added.
“This
means
we
have
to
innovate(创新)continuously
and
work
extra
harder
this
year
to
stay
ahead,
”he
said.
可知,
他说美国、日本和欧洲国家的生物实验室将很快赶上中国,
所以我们必须持续创新和更努力地工作以保持领先地位,
言外之意是他们对所取得的成就还不满意,
故C项正确。
B
(2020·青岛高一检测)
One
evening
last
summer,
11-year-old
Owen
and
his
mom
put
on
white
suits
and
taped
their
rain
boots
to
their
pant
legs.
Then
they
each
grabbed
a
wooden
pole
with
a
large
white
cloth
attached
to
it
and
started
dragging
the
tools
through
the
trees
and
grass
in
their
Wisconsin
backyard.
They
were
looking
for
ticks
(扁虱).
Owen’s
mom,
Amy
Prunuske,
teaches
microbiology
at
the
Medical
College
of
Wisconsin
in
Wausau.
She
studies
diseases
that
ticks
carry.
Owen,
though,
is
known
as
a
citizen
scientist.
Citizen
scientists
are
people—young
or
old—who
help
collect
data
for
research
projects.
They
usually
aren’t
professional
scientists,
or
if
they
are,
not
in
the
field
of
the
project.
Still,
their
work
can
be
incredibly
important.
Citizen
scientists
can
help
trained
scientists
gather
data
from
all
over
the
world—even
from
space.
They
can
provide
new
ideas
and
new
ways
of
thinking.
Kids
often
make
great
citizen
scientists
because
they
tend
to
be
curious
and
good
at
following
precise
directions.
Sometimes
they’re
even
better
at
these
things
than
adults.
And
schools
are
convenient
places
for
scientists
to
recruit
big
groups
of
helpers.
As
a
bonus,
citizen
science
often
gets
kids
more
excited
about
science.
Citizen
science
takes
advantage
not
just
of
many
sets
of
eyeballs,
but
also
of
many
minds.
When
professional
European
scientists
in
Austria
were
trying
to
find
how
best
to
encourage
people
to
use
less
energy,
they
partnered
with
student
citizen
scientists.
The
adult
scientists
had
a
long
list
of
questions
for
people
about
how
much
energy
they
used.
Right
away,
the
students
noticed
some
problems
the
adults
hadn’t
thought
of.
There
were
too
many
questions,
the
kids
said.
And
some
of
those
questions
were
too
complicated.
The
day
in
the
backyard,
Owen
found
two
black-legged
ticks,
animals
so
tiny
they’re
often
hard
to
see.
He
and
his
mom
took
the
pests
to
a
summer
program
she
was
teaching.
There,
he
and
other
young
citizen
scientists
tested
the
ticks
for
the
bacterium
that
causes
Lyme
disease,
which
causes
fever
and
headaches
and
can
make
a
person
extremely
tired.
【文章大意】这是一篇记叙文。文章通过讲述欧文帮助妈妈抓扁虱的故事,
告诉我们“孩子是伟大的公民科学家”。
4.
Why
did
Owen
go
to
catch
ticks
with
his
mom?
A.
To
provide
data
for
professional
scientists.
B.
To
prepare
for
his
own
future
research.
C.
To
help
her
study
the
diseases
carried
by
ticks.
D.
To
prevent
ticks
from
spreading
diseases.
【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第二段可知,
“她研究扁虱携带的疾病。然而,
欧文以平民科学家而闻名。公民科学家是帮助研究项目收集数据的年轻人或老年人。”由此可推知,
欧文和他妈妈去抓扁虱是为了帮助她研究扁虱携带的疾病。故选C。
5.
What
do
we
learn
from
Paragraph
4?
A.
Citizen
science
is
mostly
carried
out
at
school.
B.
Students
only
help
find
answers
to
basic
questions.
C.
Student
scientists
are
more
creative
in
scientific
research.
D.
Young
citizen
scientists
help
professional
scientists
a
lot.
【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据第四段可知,
“当奥地利的专业欧洲科学家试图找到鼓励人们少用能源的最佳方法时,
他们与学生公民科学家合作。”由此可推知,
年轻的公民科学家对专业科学家很有帮助。故选D。
6.
Which
of
the
following
is
the
best
title
for
the
text?
A.
Scientists
Find
New
Ways
of
Research.
B.
Kids
Make
Great
Citizen
Scientists.
C.
Scientists
Need
New
Ideas
from
Kids.
D.
Kids
Show
Great
Interest
in
Science.
【解析】选B。主旨大意题。纵观全文,
尤其是第三段中Kids
often
make
great
citizen
scientists
because
they
tend
to
be
curious
and
good
at
following
precise
directions.
“孩子们往往是伟大的公民科学家,
因为他们往往是好奇的,
并且善于遵循准确的方向。”可知,
B项是最佳标题。
Ⅱ.
阅读填句
(2020·重庆高一检测)
A
memorable
science
project
If
someone
tells
you
to
remember
a
phone
number
or
address,
it
feels
like
an
easy
task
at
first.
You
repeat
the
numbers
to
yourself,
either
aloud
or
in
your
mind.
But
after
just
a
few
seconds
you
might
find
yourself
starting
to
doubt
your
own
memory.
1
Thus,
it
will
try
to
throw
away
information
that
seems
old
or
irrelevant.
There
are
ways
of
helping
our
minds
retain
(记住)
information,
however,
and
in
this
activity
you
will
explore
ways
that
we
lose
and
keep
memories.
?
Short-term,
or
working
memory,
is
a
way
of
describing
most
people’s
abilities
to
store
a
small
amount
of
information
for
a
brief
period
of
time
in
a
readily
accessible
form.
2
People
don’t
have
to
stop
and
think
to
remember
something
in
short-term
memory.
?
3
Such
techniques
include
visualizing
(观察)
the
information
in
a
surprising
way
or
linking
pieces
of
information
together
so
that
one
reminds
you
of
the
other.
In
the
case
of
visualizing
information,
this
could
be
as
simple
as
remembering
you
parked
your
car
on
the
fifth
floor
in
the
D
section
by
picturing
five
dogs
sitting
in
your
car!
4
If
you
need
to
purchase
cereal
(谷
物),
milk,
fruit,
cheese
and
eggs,
you
could
imagine
the
cereal
in
a
bowl,
with
milk
pouring
over
it
and
pieces
of
fruit
on
top.
Then
imagine
cracking
an
egg
over
everything,
and
it’s
full
of
melted
cheese!
These
may
seem
simple
or
even
silly.
5
In
this
activity
you’ll
test
the
recall
of
a
few
friends
or
family
members,
and
learn
a
few
tricks
for
improving
memory!
?
A.
There
are
many
techniques
for
improving
memory.
B.
Our
brain
is
always
seeking
new
and
useful
information.
C.
Short-term
memory
has
a
short
duration
but
is
quickly
and
easily
accessed.
D.
In
addition,
linking
information
could
help
you
remember
your
grocery
list.
E.
Retaining
that
information
over
longer
periods
of
time
becomes
difficult
yet.
F.
Your
short-term
memory
has
a
limited
amount
of
space
to
store
information.
G.
However,
they
are
proved
to
be
good
ways
for
improving
memory
by
scientists.
【文章大意】本文介绍一个值得纪念的科学项目。
1.
【解析】选B。根据下文:
因此,
它将试图丢弃那些看起来过时或无关紧要的信息。可知,
我们的大脑总是在寻找新的、有用的信息。故选B。
2.
【解析】选C。根据下文:
在短期记忆中人们不需要停下来思考来记住一些东西。可知,
短期记忆的持续时间很短,
但很快很容易就能被使用。故选C。
3.
【解析】选A。根据下文:
这些技术包括以一种令人惊讶的方式可视化信息或将信息连接在一起,
目的是让你由一个想起了另一个。可知,
有许多提高记忆力的技术。故选A。
4.
【解析】选D。根据下句:
如果你需要购买谷物、牛奶、水果、奶酪和鸡蛋,
你可以想象一个碗里的谷物,
牛奶倒在上面,
上面有水果块。可知,
此外,
连接信息可以帮助你记住你的购物清单。故选D。
5.
【解析】选G。根据上句:
这些看起来很简单,
甚至有些愚蠢。所以下句应该是一句与上句为转折关系的内容,
“然而,
事实证明,
它们是科学家证实的提高记忆力的好方法。”故选G。此处However表示转折;
G项中的they指上文的These。
Ⅲ.
完形填空
(2020·南京高一检测)
I
had
a
student
today
who
got
his
finger
stuck
inside
a
test
tube
in
science
class.
It
was
really
quite
stuck.
This
young
man’s
finger 1
to
get
whiter
and
whiter
right
before
my
eyes.
?
Remaining 2 ,
I
suggested
he
carefully
rotate(转动)
the
tube.
It
wouldn’t
move
a
bit.
He
tried
soap
and
cold
water.
Still
stuck.
Meanwhile
3
was
breaking
out
in
the
class.
Finally,
I
4
the
young
man
to
our
secretary,
who
was
a
miracle(奇迹)
worker
raising
three
kids
of
her
own.
With
her
in
charge,
I
was
5
all
would
be
OK.
?
To
get
the
students
back
in
order,
I 6
my
own
story
of
getting
my
knee
stuck
between
the
rails
of
a
balcony.
Same
kind
of
curiosity,
I
remembered
7
then
how
far
I
could
thrust(塞)
my
knee
between
the
rails.
Inch
by
inch,
I
kept
8
and
before
I
knew
it,
my
knee
was
stuck
and
swelling
before
my
eyes
and
in
front
of
lots
of
9
at
a
popular
Las
Vegas
hotel!
?
Hearing
my
story,
many
students
followed
with
their
own 10
of
heads,
arms,
fingers
stuck
in
places
they
shouldn’t
11 .
A
few
minutes
later,
the
young
man
came
back,
test
tube
unbroken
and
finger
belonging
to
lovely
shade
of
pink.
?
I
just
couldn’t 12
this
kid.
He’s
only
twelve.
I
too
got
my
knee
unstuck,
but
not
without
great
13 .
The
excuse
for
me,
however,
was
not
14
but
plain
stupidity.
I
was
15
fifty
years
old
when
this
happened.
?
【文章大意】本文是一篇故事。作者讲述了科学课上一个学生的手指卡在了试管里,
作者只好把学生先送到学校的书记那里。同时为了安定课堂秩序,
作者讲述了自己膝盖卡在栏杆里的故事,
学生们也纷纷分享他们自己的头、胳膊、手指被卡住的故事。最后那位手指卡在试管里的学生毫发无损地回来了。
1.
A.
used
B.
needed
C.
happened D.
continued
【解析】选D。考查动词辨析。used使用;
needed需要;
happened发生;
continued继续。此处指学生的手指被卡在试管里,
由于血流不顺畅,
所以手指变得越来越白。指持续变白,
故选D。
2.
A.
calm
B.
silent
C.
cheerful
D.
active
【解析】选A。考查形容词辨析。calm镇静的,
平静的;
silent沉默的;
cheerful快乐的;
active积极的。根据I
suggested
he
carefully
rotate
the
tube可知,
当时作者没有慌乱,
给学生建议。表示“保持镇静”,
故选A。
3.
A.
fire
B.
chaos
C.
violence
D.
argument
【解析】选B。考查名词辨析。
fire火;
chaos混乱;
violence暴力;
argument论证。根据文章第一句中in
science
class可知,
是在课堂上发生的意外,
尝试几种方法没有成功,
所以教室里一片混乱。根据当时情境可知选B。
4.
A.
described
B.
carried
C.
introduced
D.
sent
【解析】选D。考查动词辨析。described描述;
carried搬运;
introduced介绍;
sent送。因为情况紧急,
最后作者把学生送到了书记那里。表示“送”,
故选D。
5.
A.
happy
B.
doubtful
C.
surprised
D.
confident
【解析】选D。考查形容词辨析。happy高兴的;
doubtful怀疑的;
surprised吃惊的;
confident确信的。此事由书记负责,
作者确信一切都能解决。故选D。
6.
A.
shared
B.
wrote
C.
read
D.
heard
【解析】选A。考查动词辨析。shared分享;
wrote写;
read读;
heard听到。为了让学生们恢复秩序,
作者和他们分享了自己的膝盖卡在阳台栏杆之间的故事。表示“给学生们讲故事”,
故选A。
7.
A.
calculating
B.
explaining
C.
wondering
D.
reporting
【解析】选C。考查动词辨析。calculating计算;
explaining解释;
wondering想知道;
reporting报告。当时情况下,
作者想知道膝盖能塞进栏杆之间到什么程度。故选C。
8.
A.
pushing
B.
climbing
C.
walking
D.
kicking
【解析】选A。考查动词辨析。
pushing
推;
climbing爬;
walking
走,
步行;
kicking踢。此处指作者一点点地不断地推。故选A。
9.
A.
doctors
B.
strangers
C.
managers
D.
students
【解析】选B。考查名词辨析。doctors医生;
strangers陌生人;
managers管理者;
students学生。根据at
a
popular
Las
Vegas
hotel可知,
事情发生在酒店里,
所以看到事情发生的是许多住酒店的陌生人。故选B。
10.
A.
findings
B.
conclusions
C.
stories
D.
news
【解析】选C。考查名词辨析。findings发现;
conclusions结论;
stories故事;
news新闻。听完作者的故事后,
学生们开始讲述他们自己的头、胳膊、手指被卡住的故事。指学生们自己的故事,
故选C。
11.
A.
be
B.
exist
C.
stay
D.
stop
【解析】选A。考查动词辨析。be是,
在;
exist存在;
stay坚持,
停留;
stop停止。此处指头、胳膊、手指被卡在了不该在的地方。表示“在”,
故选A。
12.
A.
get
along
with
B.
get
rid
of
C.
get
used
to
D.
get
mad
at
【解析】选D。考查动词短语辨析。get
along
with取得进展;
get
rid
of摆脱,
除去;
get
used
to习惯于;
get
mad
at对……生气。此处表示不能对这个孩子生气,
他只有12岁。故选D。
13.
A.
encouragement
B.
disappointment
C.
embarrassment
D.
achievement
【解析】选C。考查名词辨析。
encouragement鼓励;
disappointment失望;
embarrassment尴尬;
achievement成就。作者膝盖被卡住时,
面对许多陌生人感到很尴尬,
此处与上文in
front
of
lots
of
______at
a
popular
Las
Vegas
hotel呼应,
故选C。?
14.
A.
ambition
B.
youth
C.
bravery
D.
experiment
【解析】选B。考查名词辨析。
ambition雄心,
抱负;
youth年轻;
bravery勇敢;
experiment实验。对作者来说,
借口不是年轻,
而是愚蠢。与He’s
only
twelve.
呼应,
故选B。
15.
A.
in
the
end
B.
in
total
C.
after
all
D.
at
any
rate
【解析】选C。考查介词短语辨析。in
the
end最后,
终于;
in
total总共;
after
all毕竟;
at
any
rate无论如何。此处指这件事发生时,
毕竟作者已经50岁了,
所以说借口不是年龄小。故选C。
完形填空
(2020·沈阳高一检测)
Why
dogs
eat
grass
These
summer
days,
when
I
take
my
dog
Raja
for
a
walk,
he
always
wants
to
stop
and
eat
grass.
However,
1
there
are
many
other
grasses
nearby,
he
always
heads
for
wheatgrass.
?
I’ve
read
that
dogs
eat
grass
because
they
want
to
vomit
(呕吐)
or
they
are
having
digestive
troubles.
Raja
2
to
vomit.
He
will
do
anything
to
keep
from
vomiting,
so
that
doesn’t
seem
to
be
the
3 .
I
feed
him
pretty
wet
food,
and
he
4
it
very
well,
with
well-formed
stools
(粪便).
Digestive
troubles
do
not
seem
to
apply
to
Raja
either.
So
I
decided
to
5
a
little
bit
into
the
scientific
dog
literature
to
see
what
I
could
find.
?
One
recent
study
approached
grass
eating
in
dogs
with
the
hypothesis
(假说)
that
grass
may
6
digestive
distress
(痛苦).
In
that
study,
the
7
fed
dogs
a
diet
that
produced
loose,
watery
stools,
to
mimic
(模拟)
a
condition
of
a
mild
digestive
upset.
They
8
fed
the
dogs
a
standard
diet
that
produced
normal
stools,
and
gave
the
dogs
two
types
of
grasses
to
eat
during
each
experimental
condition.
The
9
were
that
the
dogs
ate
more
grass
when
they
were
fed
a
standard
diet
than
when
they
ate
the
diet
that
10
the
digestive
upset.
So
much
for
that
hypothesis.
?
Then
there’s
vomiting.
I
found
another
11
that
looked
at
whether
dogs
vomit
more
when
they
eat
grass.
In
it,
they
surveyed
1,
571
dog
owners
on
the
Internet
and
12
that
79
percent
of
the
dogs
ate
grass,
and
of
these,
only
9
percent
were
sick
before
they
ate
the
grass,
and
22
percent
vomited
13
eating
the
grass.
These
results
show
that
the
vomiting
hypothesis
doesn’t
seem
to
be
14
either.
So
why
do
dogs
eat
grass?
?
Ask
yourself
that
question
the
next
time
you
eat
a
delicious
salad.
My
15
is.
.
.
because
it
tastes
good.
?
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。作者发现自己的狗很喜欢吃草,
于是查阅了大量资料,
希望能找到答案。
1.
A.
although
B.
unless
C.
since
D.
because
【解析】选A。考查连词辨析。“尽管(although)”附近还有许多别的草,
但是,
作者的狗Raja总是会走向(heads
for)麦草。
2.
A.
pretends
B.
fails
C.
stops
D.
hates
【解析】选D。考查动词辨析。根据下文中的“He
will
do
anything
to
keep
from
vomiting”可知,
Raja
“讨厌(hates)”呕吐。
3.
A.
concern
B.
process
C.
answer
D.
detail
【解析】选C。考查名词辨析。结合上文中的“dogs
eat
grass
because
they
want
to
vomit”和“He
will
do
anything
to
keep
from
vomiting”可知,
Raja吃草不是想呕吐,
所以这个不是“答案(answer)”。
4.
A.
mixes
B.
digests
C.
handles
D.
divides
【解析】选B。考查动词辨析。结合上文中的“I
feed
him
pretty
wet
food”和下文中的“with
well-formed
stools”可知,
Raja“消化(digests)”得很好。
5.
A.
dig
B.
move
C.
fall
D.
cut
【解析】选A。考查动词辨析。根据上文内容可知,
作者没有找到答案,
于是决定对有关文献做更深入的“探究(dig)”。
6.
A.
send
B.
produce
C.
reduce
D.
further
【解析】选C。考查动词辨析。根据下文中的“In
that
study,
the______fed
dogs
a
diet.
.
.
to
mimic
a
condition
of
a
mild
digestive
upset.
”可以推知,
这一研究建立在狗吃草是为了“减轻(reduce)”消化痛苦的假说基础之上。?
7.
A.
owners
B.
farmers
C.
doctors
D.
researchers
【解析】选D。考查名词辨析。由上文中的study可知,
“研究者(researchers)”给狗喂了一些容易引起它们腹泻的食物。
8.
A.
just
B.
even
C.
thus
D.
also
【解析】选D。考查副词辨析。本句与上句是并列关系,
他们“还(also)”喂了标准的狗粮。
9.
A.
secrets
B.
results
C.
solutions
D.
ideas
【解析】选B。考查名词辨析。经过实验之后,
研究者得出了“结果(results)”。
10.
A.
caused
B.
ignored
C.
meant
D.
treated
【解析】选A。考查动词辨析。根据上文中的“produced
loose,
watery
stools”可知,
与标准的狗粮相比,
这些食物容易“引起(caused)”狗肠胃不适。
11.
A.
post
B.
study
C.
exercise
D.
course
【解析】选B。考查名词辨析。根据上文中的study可知,
作者又找到了另一份“研究(study)”。
12.
A.
believed
B.
checked
C.
found
D.
expected
【解析】选C。考查动词辨析。研究者通过调查“发现(found)”79%的狗都吃草。
13.
A.
if
B.
until
C.
after
D.
before
【解析】选C。考查词语辨析。根据上文中的“before
they
ate
the
grass”可以推知,
22%的狗吃草“后(after)”会呕吐。
14.
A.
interesting
B.
strange
C.
impossible
D.
reasonable
【解析】选D。考查形容词辨析。本段所列数据表明呕吐假说不“合理(reasonable)”。
15.
A.
news
B.
argument
C.
promise
D.
guess
【解析】选D。考查名词辨析。经过查阅科研文献,
作者并没有弄明白狗吃草的原因,
所以,
作者“猜想(guess)”也许狗吃草只是因为草好吃,
就像你吃美味的沙拉。(共12张PPT)
Unit
4 Scientists
who
changed
the
world
单元脉图·素养导引
聆听经典·话题热身
【导语】
The
Inventor是由Manic
Drive这支来自加拿大多伦多的福音摇滚乐队演唱的。乐队成立于1996年,
早期以“One
Cross”之名和众多音乐团体在欧美各国展开演唱之旅,
并有多张音乐专辑和EP面世。?
注:
听音填空
The
Inventor
Here
I
am
Just
another
common
peculiar
man
A
scared
apprentice
All
dressed
up
in
dark
past
tenths
Disrupt
my
daydream
①________________?
And
let
me
in
Full
of
hope
Open
up
that
door
Full
of
curiosity
②____________?
Life
spent
without
reasoning
Fix
my
darkness
With
nothing
else
but
your
candlelight
A
new
beginning
③__________?
A
life
still
questioning
A
tasteful
remedy
Empty
in
life
A
new
end
Could
you
tell
me
your
name
Oh
Great
Inventor?
Would
it
be
the
same
if
I
knew?
Could
you
show
me
your
plan?
No,
I
can’t
understand
④____________
Years
it’s
been
You
made
time
travel
with
no
machinery
What
you
do?
Your
work
your
art
so
innovating
Contraptions
of
new
life
To
aid
the
thieves
that
killed
the
lamb
Stand
here
waiting
【词海拾贝】
1.
peculiar
adj.
奇怪的
2.
apprentice
n.
学徒;
徒弟
3.
remedy
n.
解决方法,
补救
4.
contraption
n.
奇妙的装置
【歌词译文】
发明家
我在这里
只是另一个常见的古怪人
一个恐惧的学徒
带着黑暗过去的一线生机
破坏我的白日梦
打开门
让我进来
充满希望
充满好奇心
空虚的生活
没有理性的生活
修复我的黑暗
唯用你的烛光
一个新的开始
一个新的结束
生活仍在质疑
一个高雅的救济
你能告诉我你的名字吗
哦 伟大的发明家?
如果我知道,
它会是一样的吗?
你能告诉我你的计划吗?
不,
我不能理解
你做了什么
多年过去了
你徒步与时间赛跑
你创作的艺术如此新颖
新生命的发明
去帮助那些杀死羔羊的小偷们
我站在这里等待(共39张PPT)
单元素养提升(四)
Unit
4
Ⅰ.
单句语法填空
1.
If
cancers
are
spotted
early
there’s
a
high
chance
of
_______(survive).
2.
She
thumbed
through
her
notebook
for
_______(extract).
3.
Day
after
day
he
____________(experiment)and
drew
different
pictures
of
the
mouse
that
he
had
known.
4.
The
ball
game
was
_________(postpone)
because
of
rain.
5.
She
has
danced,
choreographed,
_______(lecture)
and
taught
all
over
the
world.
survival
extracts
experimented
postponed
lectured
6.
A
red
sky
at
night
indicates
fine
weather
the
following
day/________
(indicate)
that
the
following
day
will
be
fine.
7.
She
was
only
17
at
the
time
and
the
experience
________(mould)her
personality.
8.
They
found
a
_________(bacteria)visible
to
the
human
eyes.
9.
The
house
was
___________(surround)
by
high
walls.
indicates
moulded
bacterium
surrounded
Ⅱ.
选词填空
by
accident,
show
off,
with
a
bang,
speed
up,
refer
to,
pay
off,
as
to,
illustrate
the
point
1.
The
door
was
kicked
open
___________.
?
2.
The
time
saved
__________production
and
released
workers
for
other
jobs.
?
3.
Columbus
discovered
America
__________.
?
4.
Let
me
quote
some
figures
from
Mr
Haldane
to
________________.
?
5.
The
Science
Fair
gave
Julia
a
chance
to
________her
shell
collection.
?
with
a
bang
speeded
up
by
accident
illustrate
the
point
show
off
6.
It
was
unwise
in
your
speech
to
_______rising
unemployment.
?
7.
_____the
journey,
we
must
decide
about
that
later.
?
8.
Sandra
was
determined
to
become
a
doctor
and
her
persistence
_______.
?
refer
to
As
to
paid
off
Ⅲ.
完成句子
1.
Everyone
in
the
class
voted
__________________________.
(in
favour
of)?
班里的每个人都投票赞成开舞会。
2.
His
explanation
was
__________________.
(far
from)?
他的解释一点儿也不令人满意。
3.
Let’s
________________________before
we
go
out.
(go
through)?
我们出去前把练习做完。
4.
The
concert
___________________was
a
success.
(过去分词作定语)?
他们朋友举行的音乐会大为成功。
in
favour
of
the
dancing
party
far
from
satisfactory
go
through
all
the
exercises
given
by
their
friends
5.
__________________,
this
article
was
not
so
good!
(过去分词作状语)?
因为写得匆忙,
这篇文章不是很好。
6.
He
found
his
hometown
______________.
(过去分词作宾语补足语)?
他发现他的家乡变化很大。
7.
The
library
____________.
(过去分词作表语)?
图书馆关门了。
Written
in
a
hurry
greatly
changed
is
now
closed
Ⅳ.
阅读理解
A
(2020·芜湖高一检测)
Hacking
isn’t
just
for
computers
and
smart
phones.
According
to
a
study,
scientists
have
found
a
way
to
hack
a
plant’s
genes
in
order
to
make
it
use
sunlight
more
quickly.
Someday,
the
results
could
increase
the
number
of
foods
produced
around
the
world.
Scientists
used
tobacco
plants
in
the
study
because
it
is
easy
to
change
the
plants’
genes.
Hacked
plants
are
larger
than
normal
plants.
Photosynthesis
is
the
word
used
to
describe
how
plants
use
sunlight,
water
and
carbon
dioxide
to
make
their
own
food.
Scientists
say
this
is
a
very
slow
process.
Plants
use
less
than
1
percent
of
the
energy.
But
by
hacking
a
plant’s
genes,
the
scientists
were
able
to
increase
the
amount
of
leaf
growth
on
plants
between
14
and
20
percent.
Scientists
hacked
the
plant’s
protective
system.
Normally,
this
system
starts
when
a
plant
gets
too
much
sunlight.
When
the
plant
senses
the
light,
it
creates
more
leaves.
When
the
plant
is
in
shade,
the
protective
system
is
turned
off.
But
the
process
is
slow.
The
new
study
sped
up
the
process.
By
changing
the
plant’s
genes,
the
protective
system
turned
on
and
off
more
quickly
than
normal.
As
a
result,
leaf
growth
on
the
plants
scientists
used
in
the
study
increased.
Leaf
growth
on
two
plants
increased
by
20
percent,
while
leaf
growth
on
a
third
plant
increased
by
14
percent.
Scientists
conducted
the
study
on
tobacco
plants.
But
they
think
the
genetic
changes
would
produce
the
same
results
in
corn
and
rice.
Agriculture
professor
Tala
Awanda
said
the
study
makes
sense,
but
cautioned
the
yield(产量)
might
not
be
quite
so
high
for
conventional
food
crops.
Still,
she
added
in
an
email,
“this
study
remains
a
breakthrough.
”
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文,
介绍了科学家通过研究发现了一种通过破解植物基因使其更快地利用阳光的方法,
这种方法对提高粮食产量是个重大突破。
1.
Which
of
the
following
is
TRUE
according
to
Paragraph
1?
A.
We
can
find
hacking
only
in
digital
devices.
B.
A
plant’s
genes
can
be
changed
by
hacking.
C.
Hacking
has
been
used
in
improving
food
production.
D.
Hacking
can
be
used
to
change
whatever
you
want.
【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第一段可知,
科学家发现了一种破解植物基因的方法,
可以使植物更快地利用阳光。由此可知,
植物的基因可以通过破解来改变,
故B项正确。
2.
Why
did
scientists
choose
tobacco
plants
to
study?
A.
Because
they
are
very
easy
to
get.
B.
Because
their
genes
are
easy
to
change.
C.
Because
they
are
larger
than
other
plants.
D.
Because
they
can
absorb
sunlight
quickly.
【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知,
科学家在研究中选择使用烟草植物是因为它们的基因很容易改变,
故B项正确。
3.
What
do
we
know
about
photosynthesis?
A.
It
helps
plants
to
produce
energy.
B.
It
is
regarded
as
a
productive
system
for
plants.
C.
It
can
increase
leaf
growth
on
plants
by
14
percent.
D.
It
is
made
up
of
sunlight,
water
and
carbon
dioxide.
【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第三段第一句可知,
光合作用这个词用来描述植物如何利用阳光、水和二氧化碳制造自己的食物。由此可知,
光合作用能帮助植物产生能量,
故A项正确。
4.
We
can
learn
from
Paragraph
4
that
changing
the
plants’
genes
proved
______.
?
A.
useless
B.
deadly
C.
effective
D.
unrealistic
【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第四段第三句可知,
科学家在研究中使用的植物叶片生长量增加了,
由此可知,
破解植物基因的方法证明是有效的,
故C项正确。
B
(2020·呼和浩特高一检测)
Every
day,
we
are
inching
closer
to
some
kind
of
artificial
intelligence.
Advances
in
big
data,
machine
learning
and
robotics
are
going
to
give
us
a
world
where
computers
are
effectively
intelligent
in
terms
of
how
we
deal
with
them.
Should
you
be
scared
by
this?
Absolutely,
but
not
in
the
usual
“robot
overlords”(机器人帝国)
kind
of
way.
Instead,
the
real
fear
should
be
about
getting
human
beings
wrong,
not
getting
AI
right.
The
key
to
the
technology
is
the
ability
of
computers
to
recognize
human
emotions
based
on
the
“activation”
of
muscles
in
the
face.
A
computer
can
identify
the
positions
of
facial
muscles
and
use
them
to
infer
the
emotional
state
of
its
user.
Then
the
machine
responds
in
ways
that
take
that
emotional
state
into
account.
One
potential
application
of
it
is
to
provide
“emotional
robots”
for
the
elderly.
Having
a
machine
that
could
speak
in
a
kind
way
would
comfort
a
lonely
older
person.
That
is
a
good
thing,
right?
But
that
won’t
also
relieve
us
from
questioning
how
we
ended
up
in
a
society
that
takes
care
of
the
elderly
because
we
don’t
know
what
else
to
do
with
them?
Can’t
we
have
more
humane
solutions
than
robots?
“Emotion
data”
aren’t
the
same
thing
as
the
real
and
vivid
emotional
experiences
we
human
beings
have.
Our
emotions
are
more
than
our
faces
or
voices.
How
can
they
be
pulled
out
like
a
thread,
one
by
one,
from
the
fabric
of
our
being?
Research
programs
can
come
with
much
philosophical
concern,
too.
From
the
computers’
point
of
view,
what
the
computing
technology
captures
are
emotions,
but
at
its
root
is
a
reduction
of
human
experience
whose
outward
expressions
can
be
captured
algorithmically(在算法上).
As
the
technology
is
used
in
the
world,
it
can
reframe
the
world
in
ways
that
can
be
hard
to
escape
from.
The
technology
will
clearly
have
useful
applications,
but
once
it
treats
emotions
as
data,
we
may
find
that
it
is
the
only
aspect
of
emotion
we
come
to
recognize
or
value.
Once
billions
of
dollars
floods
into
this
field,
we
will
find
ourselves
trapped
in
a
technology
that
is
reducing
our
lives.
Even
worse,
our
“emotion
data”
will
be
used
against
us
to
make
money
for
someone
else.
And
that
is
what
scares
me
about
AI.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。本文讲述我们正在接近某种人工智能。大数据、机器学习和机器人技术的进步将给我们带来一个世界,
在这个世界里,
计算机在处理它们的方式上是非常聪明的。同时文章介绍了一种潜在的
“情感数据”技术,
一旦这种技术变得普及,
我们将被其所困,
这就是作者对人工智能的恐惧。
5.
Why
does
the
author
feel
scared
of
the
development
of
artificial
intelligence?
A.
The
technology
is
developing
much
too
slowly.
B.
Computers
can’t
recognize
human
emotions.
C.
Robots
would
get
control
of
human
beings.
D.
People
may
use
artificial
intelligence
improperly.
【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第一段最后两句可知,
作者对人工智能的发展感到害怕是因为人们可能会不恰当地使用人工智能。故选D。
6.
Why
does
the
author
dislike
the
idea
of
providing
“emotional
robots”
for
the
elderly?
A.
The
aged
people
will
find
it
hard
to
live
with
them.
B.
What
elderly
people
need
is
much
more
than
that.
C.
It
can’t
relieve
us
of
the
pressure
from
modern
society.
D.
It’s
impossible
to
use
them
to
keep
the
elderly
healthy.
【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据第三段最后两句可知,
作者不喜欢为老年人提供“情感机器人”的想法是因为老年人所需要的远不止这些。故选B。
7.
What
does
the
author
intend
to
conclude
in
Paragraphs
4
and
5?
A.
Emotional
data
can’t
be
equal
to
human
emotions.
B.
AI
technology
itself
has
fewer
and
fewer
faults.
C.
AI-built-in
robots
won’t
have
the
ability
to
understand
human
beings.
D.
The
information
computers
can
reframe
human
emotions.
【解析】选A。细节理解题。阅读第四、五段尤其是第四段第一句“‘Emotion
data’
aren’t
the
same
thing
as
the
real
and
vivid
emotional
experiences
we
human
beings
have.
”可知,
情感数据不可能等同于人类的情感。故选A。
8.
How
does
the
author
think
about
“emotion
data”
according
to
the
last
paragraph?
A.
It
can
arouse
people’s
sense
of
value.
B.
It
can
improve
people’s
human
experience.
C.
It
may
be
misused
as
a
tool
to
make
profits.
D.
It
may
push
the
AI
technology
forward.
【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据最后一段最后两句“Even
worse,
our
‘emotion
data’
will
be
used
against
us
to
make
money
for
someone
else.
And
that
is
what
scares
me
about
AI.
”可知,
作者认为“emotion
data”可能被滥用作为一种盈利的工具。故选C。
Ⅴ.
完形填空
(2020·襄阳高一检测)
In
our
modern
world,
when
something
wears
out,
we
throw
it
away
and
buy
a
new
one.
The
1 is
that
countries
around
the
world
have
growing
mountains
of
2
because
people
are
throwing
out
more
rubbish
than
ever
before.
?
How
did
we
3
a
throwaway
society?
First
of
all,
it
is
now
easier
to
replace
an
object
than
to
spend
time
and
money
to
repair
it.
4
modern
manufacturing(制造业)and
technology,
companies
are
able
to
produce
products
quickly
and
inexpensively.
Products
are
plentiful
and
5 .
?
Another
cause
is
our
6
of
disposable(一次性的)products.
As
7
people,
we
are
always
looking
for
ways
to
save
time
and
make
our
lives
easier.
Companies
8
thousands
of
different
kinds
of
disposable
products:
paper
plates,
plastic
cups,
and
cameras,
to
name
a
few.
?
Our
appetite
for
new
products
also
9
to
the
problem.
We
are
10
buying
new
things.
Advertisements
persuade
us
that
newer
is
better
and
that
we
will
be
happier
with
the
latest
products.
The
result
is
that
we
11
useful
possessions
to
make
room
for
new
ones.
?
All
around
the
world,
we
can
see
the
12
of
this
throwaway
lifestyle.
Mountains
of
rubbish
just
keep
getting
bigger.
To
decrease
the
amount
of
rubbish
and
to
protect
the
13 ,
more
governments
are
requiring
people
to
recycle
materials.
However,
this
is
not
enough
to
solve(解决)our
problem.
?
Maybe
there
is
another
way
out.
We
need
to
repair
our
possessions
14
throwing
them
away.
We
also
need
to
rethink
our
attitudes
about
15 .
Repairing
our
possessions
and
changing
our
spending
habits
may
be
the
best
way
to
reduce
the
amount
of
rubbish
and
take
care
of
our
environment.
?
【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文,
我们用过的东西随手就扔掉了。慢慢地,
我们的社会就变成了一个一次性社会,
为什么会产生这样的现象?
我们该如何解决这一问题?
本文给我们提出了建议。
1.
A.
key
B.
reason
C.
project
D.
problem
【解析】选D。考查名词。联系后文的countries
around
the
world
have
growing
mountains
of______可知,
堆积成山的垃圾已经成了社会问题(problem)了。key关键;
reason原因;
project工程。?
2.
A.
gifts
B.
rubbish
C.
debt
D.
products
【解析】选B。考查名词。结合空后的because
people
are
throwing
out
more
rubbish
than
ever
before可知,
因为人们扔的垃圾越来越多,
垃圾已经堆积成山,
故该空填rubbish。gift礼物;
debt债务;
product产品。
3.
A.
face
B.
become
C.
observe
D.
change
【解析】选B。考查动词。由空后的a
throwaway
society及后文的几个原因可知,
此句意:
我们是如何成为(become)一个一次性社会的?
face面对;
observe观察;
change变化。
4.
A.
Thanks
to
B.
As
to
C.
Except
for
D.
Regardless
of
【解析】选A。考查介词短语。modern
manufacturing
and
technology是companies
are
able
to
produce
products
quickly
and
inexpensively的原因,
因此用thanks
to“多亏,
由于”。as
to至于;
except
for除了;
regardless
of不管,
不考虑。
5.
A.
safe
B.
funny
C.
cheap
D.
powerful
【解析】选C。考查形容词。结合前文的quickly
and
inexpensively可知,
此处是指“产品充足,
价格便宜(cheap)”。safe安全的;
funny有趣的;
powerful强有力的。
6.
A.
love
B.
lack
C.
prevention
D.
division
【解析】选A。考查名词。从后文we
are
always
looking
for
ways
to
save
time
and
make
our
lives
easier可知,
我们对于一次性产品的喜爱(love)是我们制造太多垃圾的另一个原因。lack缺乏;
prevention阻止;
division分开,
分割。
7.
A.
sensitive
B.
kind
C.
brave
D.
busy
【解析】选D。考查形容词。从后文的to
save
time
and
make
our
lives
easier可知,
我们是一些忙碌的(busy)人们。sensitive善解人意的;
kind善良的;
brave勇敢的。
8.
A.
donate
B.
receive
C.
produce
D.
preserve
【解析】选C。考查动词。由主语Companies可知,
工厂应该是生产(produce)大量的一次性产品。donate捐赠;
receive收到;
preserve保存。
9.
A.
adapts
B.
returns
C.
responds
D.
contributes
【解析】选D。考查动词。联系空前的Our
appetite
for
new
products
also可知,
我们对新产品的渴望也导致了(contributes
to)这个问题。adapt适应;
return返回;
respond回答,
回应。
10.
A.
tired
of
B.
addicted
to
C.
worried
about
D.
ashamed
for
【解析】选B。考查形容词短语。结合Our
appetite
for
new
products可知,
我们是对购买新的东西上瘾(are
addicted
to)了。be
tired
of厌倦;
be
worried
about担心;
be
ashamed
for羞愧于。
11.
A.
pick
up
B.
pay
for
C.
hold
onto
D.
throw
away
【解析】选D。考查动词短语。联系后文的to
make
room
for
new
ones可知,
我们常常是扔掉(throw
away)还有用的物品,
去给新的东西腾出地方。pick
up捡起,
收听,
学会;
pay
for支付;
hold
onto抓牢。
12.
A.
advantages
B.
purposes
C.
functions
D.
consequences
【解析】选D。考查名词。从下文的Mountains
of
rubbish
just
keep
getting
bigger.
可知,
在全世界我们都可以看到这种一次性的生活方式所带来的后果(consequences)。advantage好处;
purpose目的;
function功能。
13.
A.
technology
B.
Environment
C.
consumers
D.
brands
【解析】选B。考查名词。减少垃圾,
回收利用的目的就是保护环境(environment)。
14.
A.
by
B.
in
favour
of
C.
after
D.
instead
of
【解析】选D。考查介词(短语)。从空前的We
need
to
repair
our
possessions可知,
我们需要修理我们的物品,
而不是(instead
of)扔掉它们。by通过;
in
favour
of支持;
after在……之后。
15.
A.
spending
B.
collecting
C.
repairing
D.
advertising
【解析】选A。考查动词。结合前文Our
appetite
for
new
products及后文Repairing
our
possessions
and
changing
our
spending
habits.
.
.
可知,
我们也需要重新考虑我们的消费(spending)态度了。collect收集;
repair修理;
advertise做广告。
【方法技巧】固定搭配法
虽然考查词语的固定搭配在完形填空题中所占比重较小,
但也是考查重点之一,
主要包括动词短语、名词短语、形容词短语、介词短语等习惯性搭配及英语中一些常用的固定句式。所以,
我们平时应掌握好习惯用法,
注意固定搭配,
同时要根据内容选择正确的短语。
本题中第4、10、11题为此类。
Ⅵ.
概要写作
阅读下面短文,
根据其内容写一篇60个词左右的内容概要。
Of
the
thousands
of
different
kinds
of
animals
that
exist
in
the
world
man
has
learned
to
make
friends
with
an
enormous
number.
Some
are
pets,
and
offer
him
companionship;
some
give
protection,
and
some
do
hard
work
which
man
cannot
do
for
himself.
Dogs,
which
serve
man
in
all
three
capacities,
are
found
in
various
species
in
all
countries
of
the
world.
The
Husky
can
live
in
the
cold
polar
regions,
and
the
Saluki
is
at
home
in
the
hottest
parts
of
Central
Africa.
The
people
of
certain
countries
are
dependent
for
their
very
lives
on
the
camel.
In
the
West
Indies
the
little
donkey,
strong
and
sure-footed,
carrying
heavy
loads
even
in
mountainous
places,
is
a
familiar
sight.
Trained
and
tamed
for
many
generations,
domestic(驯养的)animals
are
not
accustomed
to
wandering
in
search
of
food
and
shelter.
They
look
to
their
masters
to
provide
for
their
needs,
and
as
long
as
these
are
supplied,
they
are
content
to
do
what
their
masters
require.
All
domestic
animals
need
proper
food.
It
must
be
suitable
for
them,
enough
in
quantity,
fresh
and
clean.
Some
people
feed
a
pet
dog
or
cat
on
odds
and
ends
of
table
scraps
(吃剩的东西),
and
then
wonder
why
the
animal
seems
tired
and
dull.
The
quantity
of
food
depends
on
the
size
of
the
animal
and
the
amount
of
exercise
it
takes.
Overfeeding
is
as
bad
as
underfeeding.
Containers
for
food
and
water
must
be
washed
regularly
if
the
animal
is
to
maintain
good
health.
Even
well
cared
for
animals
may
sometimes
fall
ill.
If
this
happens,
the
wise
master
seeks
the
best
advice
he
can
get.
All
sorts
of
medicines
and
treatments
are
available
for
sick
animals,
and
in
some
countries
organizations
exist
to
provide
them
free
or
at
a
cheap
price.
Useful,
friendly,
hardworking
animals
deserve
to
have
some
time
and
money
spent
on
their
health.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
A
great
many
animals
in
the
world
have
become
man’s
friends,
keeping
them
company,
protecting
them
and
doing
hard
work
for
them.
(要点1)
Domestic
animals
aren’t
used
to
seeking
accommodation
themselves
and
will
do
whatever
their
masters
expect
only
if
their
needs
are
satisfied.
(要点2)
To
keep
them
healthy,
humans
need
to
feed
them
on
sufficient,
fresh
and
clean
food.
(要点3)
Animals
becoming
sick
can
get
proper
treatments,
and
their
great
qualities
are
well
worthy
of
humans’
devotion
and
care.
(要点4)(共90张PPT)
单元素养评价(四)(Unit
4)
(120分钟 150分)
第一部分 听力(共两节,
满分30分)
第一节(共5小题;
每小题1.
5分,
满分7.
5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,
从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后,
你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
Text
1
M:
Oh,
Mom.
Why
did
you
wake
up
so
early?
You
can’
t
be
taking
us
to
school
already.
①School
doesn’
t
start
until
a
quarter
to
seven.
W:
I’
m
not
taking
you
to
school.
Actually,
you’
re
skipping
school
today.
1.
When
does
school
start?
A.
At
6:
35.
B.
At
6:
45.
C.
At
7:
15.
答案:
B
Text
2
M:
Hello,
Jess.
W:
Hi,
Max.
Welcome.
②Would
you
like
some
coffee
and
cake?
M:
②Did
you
make
it?
W:
②Yes,
I
did.
Claire
made
these
cookies.
See,
the
sugar
cookies
are
all
in
the
shape
of
an
Easter
egg.
2.
Who
made
the
cake?
A.
Jess.
B.
Max.
C.
Claire.
答案:
A
Text
3
M:
Mum,
have
you
seen
my
schoolbag?
W:
It’
s
hanging
up
here,
with
the
coats.
I
moved
it
because
it
was
on
the
kitchen
table.
③Tom,
remember
to
leave
it
in
the
living
room
when
you
come
home
from
school.
Then
it
won’
t
be
in
my
way.
3.
What
does
the
woman
ask
the
boy
to
do
after
school?
A.
Put
away
his
schoolbag.
B.
Move
the
kitchen
table.
C.
Hang
up
his
coat.
答案:
A
Text
4
M:
I
haven’
t
seen
Linda
Rivera
for
a
long
time.
Has
she
been
away
on
a
holiday?
W:
Oh,
you
haven’
t
heard.
④She
set
up
her
own
travel
agency.
4.
What
do
we
know
about
Linda
Rivera?
A.
She
went
travelling.
B.
She
started
a
company.
C.
She
was
fired.
答案:
B
Text
5
M:
That’
s
quite
a
lot
of
books
you’
re
carrying.
Let
me
help
you
with
those.
W:
I’
m
just
going
to
put
them
on
the
desk
just
around
the
corner.
⑤I
shall
be
able
to
manage
without
help.
Thanks
anyway.
5.
What
does
the
woman
mean?
A.
She
doesn’
t
need
the
man’
s
help.
B.
She
expects
the
man
to
move
the
desk.
C.
She
wants
to
remove
the
book
from
the
desk.
答案:
A
第二节(共15小题;
每小题1.
5分,
满分22.
5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,
从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前,
你将有时间阅读各个小题,
每小题5秒钟;
听完后,
各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料,
回答第6、7题。
Text
6
W:
Hey,
where
is
everybody?
M:
⑥They
took
Ben
to
the
park.
Where
have
you
been?
W:
Sorry,
I’
m
late.
I
picked
up
the
cake
and
it
took
me
longer
than
I
expected.
⑦When
will
the
party
start?
M:
Ben
invited
eight
children
from
school.
And
they’
ll
arrive
at
about
2
in
the
afternoon.
W:
OK.
Then
I’
ll
put
the
candles
on
the
cake
and
leave
it
in
the
kitchen
and
then
I’
ll
come
and
help
set
the
table.
6.
Where
is
Ben?
A.
In
the
kitchen.
B.
At
school.
C.
In
the
park.
答案:
C
7.
What
will
the
children
do
in
the
afternoon?
A.
Help
set
the
table.
B.
Have
a
party.
C.
Do
their
homework.
答案:
B
听第7段材料,
回答第8、9题。
Text
7
M:
Tracey,
I
want
some
new
shoes
for
the
party
tonight.
Shall
we
go
and
buy
some
later?
W:
OK,
⑧but
I
promised
to
help
my
granddad
wash
his
car
today.
M:
Why
don’
t
you
do
that
immediately?
We’
ll
go
as
soon
as
you’
re
finished.
W:
OK.
And
I
suppose
I
can
do
my
homework
when
we
get
back.
I’
m
surely
doing
that
before
we
go
to
the
party—⑨I
don’
t
want
to
do
it
tomorrow!
M:
Yeah,
⑨I
don’
t
like
doing
it
till
the
last
day
of
the
weekend,
either.
So
I
finished
all
my
homework
after
school
yesterday.
8.
What
will
the
woman
do
first?
A.
Wash
a
car.
B.
Go
shopping.
C.
Do
her
homework.
答案:
A
9.
When
does
the
conversation
take
place?
A.
On
Friday.
B.
On
Saturday.
C.
On
Sunday.
答案:
B
Text
8
W:
Julia
and
I
are
driving
downtown
this
afternoon.
Want
to
come,
Tom?
M:
Thanks,
Cathy.
⑩But
I’
ve
got
to
study.
I’
m
way
behind
in
maths.
W:
Well,
in
that
case,
is
there
anything
we
can
get
for
you?
M:
Gee,
?I
left
my
watch
at
Gilson’
s
the
other
day.
It
should
be
ready
by
now.
W:
I’
d
be
glad
to
pick
it
up.
M:
Well,
Cathy,
now
that
I
think
about
it,
I’
ve
got
something
else
to
do
downtown.
I
have
to
buy
something
at
the
supermarket.
Maybe
I’
d
better
go
with
you.
W:
We’
ll
be
leaving
from
the
parking
lot.
?I’
m
behind
with
my
work
so
we’
ll
only
be
there
a
couple
of
hours.
M:
Oh.
If
it’
s
only
a
couple
of
hours,
I
can
certainly
go.
W:
Great!
See
you
in
a
few
minutes.
10.
Why
doesn’
t
the
man
want
to
go
downtown
at
first?
A.
He
has
nothing
to
do
downtown.
B.
He
has
a
maths
class
to
take.
C.
He
plans
to
study.
答案:
C
11.
What’
s
Gilson’
s?
A.
A
supermarket.
B.
A
watch
repair
shop.
C.
A
parking
lot.
答案:
B
12.
What
do
we
know
about
the
woman?
A.
She
will
be
busy
with
her
work.
B.
She
is
leaving
in
several
hours.
C.
She
will
pick
up
the
man’
s
watch.
答案:
A
听第9段材料,
回答第13～16题。
Text
9
W:
Oh,
I
don’
t
feel
so
good.
Maybe
I
should
lie
down.
M:
?Let
me
feel
your
head.
.
.
Oh,
you’
re
burning
up.
I’
m
going
to
take
your
temperature.
?And
I’
m
going
to
email
your
boss
and
tell
him
you’
re
not
going
to
work
tomorrow.
W:
No,
don’
t
bother.
?I’
ll
just
text
him
right
now.
M:
Fine.
When
did
you
start
feeling
bad?
W:?I
felt
a
little
headache
this
morning,
but
I
thought
it
was
just
because
I
hadn’
t
slept
well
with
the
new
pillow
last
night.
It
just
got
worse
and
worse
throughout
the
afternoon.
M:
Do
you
want
me
to
call
the
doctor?
Or
your
sister?
W:
No,
that’
s
OK.
?But
you
could
help
turn
the
air
conditioner
on.
M:
?OK.
If
you’
re
sleepy,
then
go
to
bed.
13.
Why
does
the
man
think
the
woman
has
a
fever?
A.
Her
head
feels
hot.
B.
He
took
her
temperature.
C.
She
told
him
she
was
feeling
cold.
答案:
A
14.
Who
will
the
woman
send
a
text
message
to?
A.
Her
doctor.
B.
Her
boss.
C.
Her
sister.
答案:
B
15.
When
did
she
start
feeling
bad?
A.
Last
night.
B.
This
morning.
C.
This
afternoon.
答案:
B
16.
What
will
the
man
do
next?
A.
Turn
off
the
light.
B.
Find
a
new
pillow.
C.
Turn
on
the
air
conditioner.
答案:
C
听第10段材料,
回答第17～20题。
Text
10
Good
afternoon,
everybody.
Thank
you
for
listening.
I’
m
Doctor
Reid.
Today
I
will
discuss
the
effect
of
sleep
on
school
students
with
you.
The
first
thing
is
whether
a
lack
of
sleep
affects
teenagers.
The
answer
is
“Yes”.
Many
teenagers
are
getting
little
sleep
and
there
are
concerns
that
this
could
have
a
serious
long-term
effect
on
their
health
but
we
don’
t
know
for
sure
yet.
Researchers
are
also
looking
into
how
far
a
lack
of
sleep
affects
young
people
with
low
spirits.
?
But
one
study
has
clearly
shown
that
high
school
students
getting
low
grades
also
get
on
average
one
hour
less
sleep
than
students
getting
As.
Then
why
aren’
t
teenagers
getting
enough
sleep?
It’
s
a
problem
that
seems
to
affect
all
teenagers,
not
just
the
ones
who
eat
the
wrong
things
or
who
don’
t
take
any
exercise.
?I
think
too
many
teenagers
watch
TV
in
their
rooms
or
play
computer
games
until
very
late.
Some
students
say
they
stay
up
late
because
they
can’
t
get
to
sleep
if
they
go
to
bed
earlier.
Well,
don’
t
have
any
soft
drinks
or
any
drink
that
include
hot
chocolate
before
sleeping.
?Reading
a
book
you
know
well
or
listening
to
a
story,
rather
than
music,
should
help
your
brain
to
relax.
So
you
shouldn’
t
do
your
homework
just
before
going
to
sleep.
It
would
be
better
for
schools
to
stay
open
for
longer
so
that
pupils
can
do
their
homework
before
they
get
home.
?Another
thing
that
some
schools
have
tried
successfully
is
to
begin
the
school
day
half
an
hour
later
and
end
the
school
day
half
an
hour
later,
which
seems
like
a
good
idea
to
me,
and
I
really
recommend
that.
17.
What
can
be
clearly
affected
if
teenagers
lack
sleep?
A.
Their
spirits.
B.
Their
long-term
health.
C.
Their
grades.
答案:
C
18.
What
is
to
blame
for
teenagers
not
getting
enough
sleep
according
to
the
speaker?
A.
Poor
diet.
B.
Lack
of
exercise.
C.
Too
much
entertainment.
答案:
C
19.
What
advice
does
the
speaker
give
to
teenagers
who
have
trouble
getting
to
sleep?
A.
Listen
to
music.
B.
Read
a
book.
C.
Drink
hot
chocolate.
答案:
B
20.
What
does
the
speaker
suggest
schools
should
do?
A.
Start
lessons
later.
B.
Shorten
the
school
day.
C.
Offer
classes
in
the
evenings.
答案:
A
第二部分 阅读(共两节,
满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;
每小题2.
5分,
满分37.
5分)
阅读下列短文,
从每题所给的A、B、C、D
四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
The
things
that
kids
choose
to
play
with
can
affect
our
earth.
The
manufacturing
of
toys
and
games
can
produce
harmful
pollution
and
non-biodegradable
waste,
which
is
harmful
for
our
planet.
But
some
toymakers
are
creating
items
for
kids
that
aim
higher.
They
use
natural
or
non-harmful
materials,
and
find
ways
to
reuse
and
recycle.
Toys
and
kits(成套工具)
can
also
teach
kids
about
environmentally
friendly
solutions.
Here
are
a
few
of
our
favorite
low-impact,
fun
toys.
Test
the
water
Water
is
the
earth’
s
most
precious
natural
resource.
Many
people
take
it
for
granted,
but
not
everybody
in
the
world
has
access
to
clean
water.
Learn
about
the
science
behind
one
solution
with
Thames
&
Kosmos’
Global
Water
Quality
Experiment
Kit.
The
kit
comes
with
tools
and
instructions
for
conducting
eight
important
experiments
including
testing
the
quality
of
water
and
making
dirty
water
cleaner.
($15)
Plant
tomatoes
When
communities
in
dry,
desert
regions
experience
drought,
it
impacts
their
agricultural
practices.
Learn
about
water
preservation
and
grow
delicious
cherry
tomatoes
with
Back
to
the
Roots
Self-Watering
Tomato
Planter.
It
features
technology
that
African
desert
farmers
have
been
using
for
thousands
of
years:
a
miniature
clay
pot
releases
water,
but
only
when
the
surrounding
soil
has
dried
up.
($30)
Draw
with
veggies
Wee
Can
Too’
s
Veggie
Sidewalk
Chalk
is
made
from
fruit
and
vegetable
powders—it’
s
practically
safe
to
eat!
The
chalk,
created
using
environmentally
friendly
ingredients,
has
none
of
the
chemicals
found
in
your
typical
sidewalk
chalk.
When
the
rain
comes
and
washes
away
your
masterpiece,
no
harmful
pollutants
will
be
entering
the
environment.
($12)
Create
with
cardboard
When
cardboard
breaks
down
in
a
landfill,
it
creates
methane,
a
major
greenhouse
gas
that
contributes
to
global
warming.
Recycled
cardboard
can
be
transformed
into
a
work
of
art
with
the
Cardboard
Tool
Kit
from
Uncommon
Goods.
The
kit
comes
with
28
reusable
parts
for
fastening
cardboard
pieces
together.
Now
let
your
imagination
go
wild!
($13)
【文章大意】本文是一篇广告类应用文,
主要介绍了四种环保的儿童玩具,
包括玩具名称、设计特点、材料来源以及价格等。
21.
What
is
special
about
Back
to
the
Roots’
small
clay
pot?
A.
It
is
very
pretty.
B.
It
is
a
recent
invention.
C.
It
can
improve
tomatoes’
taste.
D.
It
uses
technology
against
drought.
【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据第三段尾句可知,
该玩具的特点是使用了非洲沙漠地区的农民已经使用了数千年的技术:
当周围的土壤干涸时,
微型陶罐才可以放水。据此可推知,
这种玩具的特点是使用了抗旱技术,
故D项正确。
22.
Which
product
needs
users
to
be
imaginative?
A.
Cardboard
Tool
Kit.
B.
Veggie
Sidewalk
Chalk.
C.
Self-Watering
Tomato
Planter.
D.
Global
Water
Quality
Experiment
Kit.
【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据尾段的内容,
尤其是最后一句“Now
let
your
imagination
go
wild!
”可知,
Cardboard
Tool
Kit可以充分发挥人的想象力,
故A项正确。
23.
What
do
the
four
products
have
in
common?
A.
They
are
hard
to
use.
B.
They
are
earth-friendly
toys.
C.
They
are
good
for
kids’
health.
D.
They
are
great
choices
for
art
lovers.
【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第一段第四、五句并结合四种玩具的特点介绍可知,
这四种玩具的共同点是环保,
故B项正确。
B
(2020·郑州高一检测)
Indian
scientists
have
designed
a
new
device
which
they
hope
will
solve
one
of
the
biggest
problems
with
the
use
of
solar
energy.
They
call
the
device
a
solar
tree.
Solar
trees
have
metal
“branches”
extending
from
a
tall,
central
pole
at
different
levels.
Each
branch
holds
a
photovoltaic
(光电的)
panel,
also
called
a
solar
panel.
These
panels
are
flat
surfaces
that
collect
energy
from
the
sun
and
turn
it
into
electricity.
Daljit
Singh
Bedi
is
the
chief
scientist
at
the
Council
of
Scientific
and
Industrial
Research,
or
CSIR,
in
New
Delhi,
India.
The
CSIR
laboratories
are
where
the
solar
tree
was
designed.
Bedi
says
the
shape
of
the
solar
tree
makes
it
possible
to
fit
more
photovoltaic
panels
in
a
space
than
traditional
systems
do.
“It
takes
about
4
square
meters
of
space
to
produce
energy
which
otherwise
would
have
required
400
square
meters
of
space,
”
he
says.
Scientists
believe
the
energy
a
solar
tree
collects
will
be
enough
to
power
five
homes.
The
solar
trees
will
make
it
easier
to
provide
solar
energy
for
homes
in
cities,
they
say.
The
solar
trees
will
also
take
less
space
from
farmers
in
rural
areas.
And
they
will
collect
more
energy
than
normal
photovoltaic
panels
on
the
tops
of
buildings,
because
their
design
helps
with
placement
of
solar
panels
in
a
way
that
they
are
exposed
more
to
the
sun.
India
is
the
world’
s
third
largest
producer
of
greenhouse
gases.
The
country
has
promised
to
reduce
its
rate
of
greenhouse
gas
production.
The
cost
of
photovoltaic
panels
has
gone
down
in
recent
years.
This
has
made
solar
power
cheaper
and
easier
to
use.
But
it
is
still
not
clear
how
useful
these
new
developments
in
solar
power
technology
are.
【文章大意】本文是科普说明文,
主要介绍了印度科学家的一项新发明——一种被称为太阳能树的新设备。
24.
Which
picture
can
show
the
solar
tree
in
the
passage?
【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Solar
trees
have
metal
‘branches’
.
.
.
are
flat
surfaces”可知,
这种太阳能树有从中心高杆上伸展出的高矮不一的金属“树枝”,
每根树枝上都装有一个太阳能电池板。故选C。
25.
What
does
Bedi
say
about
the
solar
trees?
A.
They
are
energy-consuming.
B.
They
are
space-saving.
C.
They
are
easily
accessible.
D.
They
have
geographical
limitation.
【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据第二段中的“It
takes
about
4
square
meters.
.
.
square
meters
of
space”可知,
相较于传统的太阳能设备需要占用400平方米的空间来产生能量,
太阳能树仅需要大约4平方米的空间就能产生等量的能量。由此可推断出,
太阳能树是节省空间的。故选B。
26.
What
makes
the
solar
tree
collect
more
energy?
A.
The
hi-tech
materials
built
in
the
panels.
B.
The
number
of
panels
fixed
on
it.
C.
The
correct
placement
of
the
tree.
D.
The
flexibility
of
its
design.
【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据第三段中的“they
will
collect
more
energy.
.
.
exposed
more
to
the
sun”可知,
太阳能树的独特设计使得太阳能电池板能更多地接触到太阳光,
也就是说,
太阳能树设计的灵活性使得它能收集更多的能量。故选D。
27.
What’
s
the
purpose
of
the
passage?
A.
To
introduce
a
new
technological
invention.
B.
To
explain
why
scientists
design
solar
trees.
C.
To
describe
the
features
of
solar
trees.
D.
To
show
the
benefits
of
solar
power
technology.
【解析】选A。写作意图题。纵观全文可知,
本文主要介绍了一项新的科技发明——太阳能树,
所以A项最符合题意。故选A。
C
A
research
has
shown
that
nearly
90
percent
of
traffic
accidents
are
caused
by
human
errors.
So
our
aim
is
a
fully
autonomous
(自动的)
car
that
gets
rid
of
the
cause
of
most
accidents:
the
driver.
Researcher
Hodgson
points
out,
“For
safety,
the
faster
you
can
remove
humans,
the
better,
even
if
there
are
unfortunately
a
few
accidents
from
new
causes.
It’
s
a
question
of
balancing
the
number
injured
or
killed
by
autonomous
vehicles
with
the
people
whose
lives
are
potentially
saved.
”
It’
s
an
idea
that
Elon
Musk,
chief
executive
of
electric
car
company
Tesla
Motors,
has
long
believed.
His
company
is
determined
to
be
the
first
to
deliver
a
fully
autonomous
vehicle
to
consumers.
Last
year,
Musk
announced
that
Tesla’
s
2019
goal
was
“to
do
an
example
drive
of
full
autonomy
all
the
way
from
L.
A.
to
New
York,
and
have
the
car
park
itself.
However,
even
Tesla
admits
that
there
are
problems
to
overcome—the
software
needs
further
validation
(批准生效)
and
the
appropriate
regulatory
approval
needs
to
be
in
place.
Indeed,
recent
crashes
of
Tesla
vehicles
and
Google
cars
confirm
that
the
software
isn’
t
ready
yet.
The
UK
government
appears
committed
encouraging
the
development
of
autonomous
vehicles.
It’
s
supporting
four
city
trials,
publishing
the
Modern
Transport
Bill
to
reduce
red
tape
around
their
introduction
and
adapting
the
legal
system
to
take
into
account
problems
such
as
insurance
liability
when
a
human
isn’
t
in
control
of
a
vehicle.
The
insurance
industry
is
similarly
eager
to
help
increase
autonomy
in
cars.
As
the
Association
of
British
Insurers
points
out,
“Nearly
90
percent
of
road
accidents
are
caused
by
human
errors.
”
This
costs
motor
insurers
a
shocking
$20
million
per
day
in
claims.
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。一项研究表明,
近90%的交通事故是由人为错误造成的。因此,
我们的目标是完全自主驾驶的汽车能够摆脱大多数事故的原因:
驾驶员。本文以此展开,
主要讲述了引进技术的新发展:
自动无人驾驶汽车。
28.
What
difficulty
does
the
company
Tesla
Motors
have?
A.
The
company
lacks
confidence
to
make
new
creations.
B.
New
inventions
may
cause
more
injuries
and
deaths.
C.
The
software
should
be
made
officially
acceptable.
D.
The
traffic
regulation
has
proved
unreasonable.
【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第三段第一句可知,
该公司特斯拉的困难是该软件应该被正式接受。故选C。
29.
What
is
the
UK
government’
s
attitude
to
autonomous
cars?
A.
Cautious.
B.
Positive.
C.
Ambiguous.
D.
Disapproving.
【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第四段第一句The
UK
government
appears
committed
encouraging
the
development
of
autonomous
vehicles.
可知,
英国政府对自动驾驶汽车的态度是支持的。故选B。
30.
What
is
the
main
idea
of
the
last
paragraph?
A.
Insurance
companies
would
like
to
support
autonomous
cars.
B.
Human
mistakes
may
be
the
key
cause
of
traffic
accidents.
C.
Traffic
accidents
waste
insurance
companies
quite
a
lot.
D.
Motorists
are
surprised
to
hear
about
autonomous
cars.
【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据最后一段可知,
保险业同样渴望帮助提高促进自动化汽车发展,
本段主要讲述保险公司希望支持自动驾驶汽车。故选A。
31.
The
purpose
of
writing
the
text
is
to
______.
?
A.
amuse
readers
with
funny
examples
B.
show
his
deep
love
for
autonomous
cars
C.
introduce
a
new
development
in
technology
D.
provide
a
persuasive
argument
against
autonomy
【解析】选B。主旨大意题。阅读全文,
根据文章内容可知,
本文主要讲述了先进技术的新发展:
自动无人驾驶汽车。故选B。
D
(2020·青岛高一检测)
Scientists
are
trying
to
save
Puerto
Rico’
s
endangered
Amazon
parrots
after
Hurricane
Maria
destroyed
the
birds’
habitats
and
food
sources(来源).
El
Yunque
is
a
large
national
forest
on
the
eastern
part
of
Puerto
Rico.
Just
two
of
the
56
wild
parrots
that
once
lived
there
survived
Maria,
the
Category-4
storm
that
struck
Puerto
Rico
in
September
2017.
Scientists
report
other
forests
have
seen
great
drops
in
parrot
populations
as
well.
In
the
1800s,
there
were
more
than
a
million
of
the
bright
green
parrots
living
in
the
wild
in
Puerto
Rico.
By
the
1970s,
the
number
was
down
to
just
13
birds
after
years
of
forest
clearing.
A
special
program
was
started
in
1972
to
help
increase
the
parrot
population,
which
led
to
the
creation
of
three
breeding(繁殖)
centers.
Just
weeks
before
Hurricane
Maria
hit,
scientists
counted
56
wild
parrots
at
El
Yunque.
That
was
the
highest
number
in
the
program’
s
history.
Scientists
say
that
even
though
several
parrots
have
been
born
in
captivity(笼养)
and
in
the
wild
since
Maria,
the
species
is
still
in
danger.
The
Puerto
Rican
Amazon
is
the
island’
s
only
remaining
native
parrot.
More
than
460
of
the
birds
are
kept
inside
the
breeding
centers
at
El
Yunque
and
the
Rio
Abajo
forest.
Scientists
have
not
released(释放)
any
of
the
birds
since
Hurricane
Maria.
A
third
breeding
center,
in
a
forest
in
the
western
area
of
Maricao,
has
not
been
in
operation
since
the
storm.
Scientists
are
considering
whether
to
catch
some
of
the
remaining
wild
parrots
and
put
them
in
the
same
cage
as
the
birds
that
are
set
to
be
released.
This
way,
the
captive
birds
can
learn
from
the
wild
birds
how
to
survive
in
the
forests.
Another
consideration
is
to
release
some
captive
parrots
in
Maricao,
which
was
not
as
heavily
damaged
by
Maria.
【文章大意】文章主要介绍了科学家在想方设法拯救波多黎各鹦鹉。
32.
Why
has
the
parrot
population
greatly
decreased
in
the
past
200
years?
A.
Because
of
Hurricane
Maria.
B.
Because
of
too
much
hunting.
C.
Because
of
the
loss
of
forests.
D.
Because
of
lack
of
breeding
centers.
【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据文章第三段In
the
1800s,
there
were
more
than
a
million
of
the
bright
green
parrots
living
in
the
wild
in
Puerto
Rico.
By
the
1970s,
the
number
was
down
to
just
13
birds
after
years
of
forest
clearing.
可知鹦鹉数量减少的原因是森林被砍伐,
也就是森林的消失,
所以C正确。
33.
Which
of
the
following
is
True
about
Hurricane
Maria?
A.
It
killed
56
wild
parrots
at
El
Yunque.
B.
It
greatly
affected
parrots
in
captivity.
C.
It
reduced
the
number
of
wild
parrots.
D.
It
led
to
the
creation
of
three
breeding
centers.
【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第二段Just
two
of
the
56
wild
parrots
that
once
lived
there
survived
Maria,
可知在飓风Maria中56只野生鹦鹉只有两只幸存,
所以C项正确。
34.
What
can
we
infer
about
Amazon
parrots
in
captivity?
A.
They
have
the
highest
number
in
the
history.
B.
They
have
been
released
since
Hurricane
Maria.
C.
They
are
used
to
living
in
the
wild.
D.
They
are
larger
in
number
than
those
in
the
wild.
【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据第四段可知56只野生鹦鹉是历史上数量最多的,
由此可以排除A项。根据文章第五段可知科学家没有释放任何鹦鹉,
所以B错误。根据最后一段可知科学家在考虑把野外的鹦鹉抓来放到笼子里或释放笼子中的鹦鹉使其适应野外生活,
但还没有实施,
所以C错误。再根据第五段和第四段可知野外的鹦鹉不如笼子中养的鹦鹉数量多,
所以D正确。
35.
What
is
the
best
title
for
the
text?
A.
Scientists
Work
to
Save
Puerto
Rican
Parrots.
B.
Amazon
Parrots
are
in
Danger
of
Disappearing.
C.
A
Special
Program
Helps
Increase
the
Parrot
Population.
D.
Hurricane
Maria
Reduced
the
Number
of
Amazon
Parrots.
【解析】选A。主旨大意题。通读全文可知文章第一段突出了文章的主题,
根据文章第一段Scientists
are
trying
to
save
Puerto
Rico’
s
endangered
Amazon
parrots
after
Hurricane
Maria
destroyed
the
birds’
habitats
and
food
sources.
可知科学家在想方设法拯救波多黎各鹦鹉,
所以A正确。
第二节(共5小题;
每小题2.
5分,
满分12.
5分)
阅读下面短文,
从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项
中有两项为多余选项。
(2020·潍坊高一检测)
Clones
in
fiction
Stories
featuring
clones
always
draw
me
in.
I’
ve
read
enough
fiction
books
about
clones
over
the
years.
36 ?
The
Lost
Girl,
by
Sangu
Mandanna
37
Eva
is
Amarra’
s
clone.
She
learns
what
Amarra
learns
in
school,
eats
what
she
eats,
and
studies
every
last
detail
of
her
life.
The
trouble
is,
no
matter
how
hard
she
studies,
outside
of
their
appearances
Eva
and
Amarra
aren’
t
that
much
alike.
To
make
matters
more
complex,
she
learns
Amarra
has
a
boyfriend
she
must
learn
to
love
as
much
as
Amarra
does
when
her
own
heart
secretly
belongs
to
someone
else.
?
When
Amarra
is
killed
in
a
car
crash
just
after
their
16th
birthday,
Eva
has
to
pick
up
her
life
where
she
left
it
off.
Her
life
depends
on
convincing
Amarra’
s
loved
ones
that
she
is
Amarra.
38 ?
The
House
of
Scorpion,
by
Nancy
Farmer
This
is
not
just
one
of
my
favorite
books
about
clones,
but
one
of
my
favorite
books.
Between
the
border
of
the
United
States
and
Aztlan,
which
was
once
Mexico,
lies
Opium,
a
land
ruled
by
drug
lords
(毒枭).
El
Patron
is
the
most
powerful
drug
lord
in
Opium,
a
man
almost
20
years
old.
39 ?
Matt
is
El
Patron’
s
clone.
El
Patron
has
been
using
clones
like
Matt
to
keep
himself
alive.
But
before
he
is
needed,
the
drug
lord
treats
him
like
a
prized
pet.
El
Patron’
s
family
dislikes
him,
thinking
him
inhuman
and
a
possible
threat
(威胁)
to
their
inheritance
(遗产).
The
older
he
gets,
the
more
Matt
feels
trapped
at
every
turn.
40 ?
A.
Can
they
accept
that?
B.
They
are
very
fearful
and
tiresome.
C.
Cloning
is
considered
to
be
criminal.
D.
Is
there
any
way
he
can
be
free
to
make
his
own
life?
E.
Can
you
be
attracted
by
the
rich
imagination
of
the
stories?
F.
Everyone
is
struck
with
fear
in
the
heart
when
hearing
the
name.
G.
It’
s
unbelievable
that
a
person
has
to
spend
the
whole
life
learning
to
be
someone
else.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。本文介绍了科幻作品中的克隆人物。
36.
【解析】选E。本处用“你会被作品中丰富的想象力吸引吗?
”引出下文的科幻作品,
衔接自然,
符合语境。故选E。
37.
【解析】选G。本段介绍了科幻作品The
Lost
Girl,
讲述了Eva模仿Amarra并在她死后以Amarra的身份生活的故事。本空位于段首,
应选总起句“很难相信一个人一生都在模仿另一个人”来统领本段。故选G。
38.
【解析】选A。根据空前“Eva得让Amarra的亲人相信她就是Amarra”可知,
选A。“Can
they
accept
that”中的“they”指代“Amarra’
s
loved
ones”。
39.
【解析】选F。本段介绍了科幻作品The
House
of
Scorpion;
空前介绍了大毒枭,
故选F项“人人听到他的名字都害怕”来承接上文,
表示人们对毒枭的恐惧。
40.
【解析】选D。根据本段所讲的“克隆人Matt是大毒枭El
Patron的替身,
但El
Patron的家人却对他处处防备,
他被困在那种生活中”可知,
此处选D项“他有办法解脱出来过自己的生活吗”来承接上文。
第三部分 语言运用(共两节,
满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;
每小题1分,
满分15分)
阅读下面短文,
从每题所给的A、B、C、D
四个选项中选出可以填入空白
处的最佳选项。
Over
the
years,
I
never
thought
of
my
father
as
being
very
emotional.
He
never
was,
41
not
in
front
of
me.
My
father
never
told
me
he
loved
me
when
I
was
a
child,
and
I
never
held
it
against
him.
I
think
that
all
I
really
wanted
was
for
my
dad
to
be
42
of
me.
?
On
November
9th,
1990,
I
received
43
that
my
National
Guard
unit
would
be
sent
to
the
front.
I
went
on
to
my
father
and
gave
him
the
news.
I
could
feel
he
was
44
about
me
going.
We
never
45
it
much
more,
and
eight
days
later
I
was
gone.
?
A
few
days
after
Thanksgiving
I
was
able
to
call
my
wife.
She
told
me
that
my
father
said
his
usual
Thanksgiving
prayer(祷告).
But
this
time
he
46
one
last
sentence.
As
he
lowered
his
voice
and
a
tear
ran
47
his
cheek,
he
said,
“Dear
Lord,
please
48
over
and
guide
my
son,
Rick,
with
your
hand
in
his
time
of
need
as
he
49
his
country,
and
bring
him
to
home
50 .
”
At
that
point
he
burst
into
tears
I
had
never
seen
my
father
cry,
and
when
I
heard
this,
I
couldn’
t
help
but
cry
myself.
?
Eight
months
later,
when
I
returned
home
from
51 ,
I
ran
over
and
hugged
my
wife
and
children
in
tears.
When
I
came
to
my
father,
I
gave
him
a
huge
hug.
He
whispered
in
my
ear,
“I’
m
very
proud
of
you,
Son,
and
I
love
you.
”
I
looked
that
man,
my
dad,
52
in
the
eyes
as
I
held
his
head
between
my
hands
and
I
said,
“I
love
you
too,
Dad,
”
and
we
hugged
again.
And
then
together,
both
of
us
cried.
?
Ever
since
that
day,
my
53
with
my
father
has
never
been
the
same.
We
have
had
many
54
conversations.
I
learned
that
he’
s
always
being
proud
of
me,
and
he’
s
not
afraid
to
say
“I
love
you”
anymore.
55
am
I.
I’
m
just
sorry
it
took
29
years
and
a
war
to
find
it
out.
?
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文,
讲述了作者和爸爸之间从来不说“我爱你”,
但是自从知道作者要上前线之后,
作者与爸爸的关系开始慢慢改变,
从前线回来后,
他和爸爸之间的关系彻底改变了,
他们都对彼此说“我爱你”。
41.
A.
at
most
B.
at
least
C.
at
all
D.
at
first
【解析】选B。考查介词短语辨析。at
most至多;
at
least至少;
at
all根本;
at
first最初。根据本空后的“My
father
never
told
me
he
loved
me
when
I
was
a
child”可知,
小时候,
他从来不告诉我他爱我,
由此可知,
他从来不是感性的人,
至少在我面前不是,
故B项正确。
42.
A.
confident
B.
afraid
C.
proud
D.
ashamed
【解析】选C。考查形容词词义辨析。confident自信的;
afraid害怕的;
proud骄傲的;
ashamed羞愧的。根据下文中的“I’
m
very
proud
of
you”可知,
我真正想要的是爸爸以我为荣,
故C项正确。
43.
A.
word
B.
sentence
C.
warning
D.
wisdom
【解析】选A。考查名词词义辨析。word消息;
sentence句子;
warning警告;
wisdom智慧。我收到消息说我的国民警卫队将被派往前线,
故A项正确。
44.
A.
amazed
B.
confused
C.
satisfied
D.
worried
【解析】选D。考查形容词词义辨析。
amazed惊奇的;
confused困惑的;
satisfied满意的;
worried担心的。儿子就要上战场了,
父亲自然是很担心,
所以我能感觉到他担心我,
故D项正确。
45.
A.
quarreled
B.
argued
C.
talked
D.
discussed
【解析】选C。考查动词词义辨析。quarreled吵架;
argued争论;
talked谈论;
discussed讨论。我们再没谈论这件事情,
八天后我就走了,
故C项正确。
46.
A.
added
B.
affected
C.
approved
D.
attracted
【解析】选A。考查动词词义辨析。
added增加;
affected影响;
approved认可;
attracted吸引。儿子马上去战场了,
爸爸在祷告时加了最后一句话,
祈求儿子平安回来,
故A项正确。
47.
A.
over
B.
down
C.
beyond
D.
under
【解析】选B。考查介词词义辨析。over在……之上;
down向下;
beyond超过;
under在……下边。一滴泪珠从他的脸颊上流了下来,
故B项正确。
48.
A.
observe
B.
notice
C.
watch
D.
look
【解析】选C。考查动词词义辨析。爸爸说:
“主啊,
求您眷顾和指引我的儿子”。watch
over表示“照管”,
故C项正确。
49.
A.
fights
B.
serves
C.
supports
D.
saves
【解析】选B。考查动词词义辨析。
fights战斗;
serves服务;
supports支持;
saves拯救。他为国效力,
故B项正确。
50.
A.
surprisingly
B.
fortunately
C.
safely
D.
dangerously
【解析】选C。考查副词词义辨析。
surprisingly惊人地;
fortunately幸运地;
safely安全地;
dangerously危险地。请把他安全地带回家,
故C项正确。
51.
A.
war
B.
scene
C.
spot
D.
work
【解析】选A。考查名词词义辨析。war战争;
scene情景;
spot地点,
现场;
work工作。八个月后,
当我从战场回到家时,
我流着泪拥抱了妻子和孩子,
故A项正确。
52.
A.
up
B.
under
C.
through
D.
straight
【解析】选D。考查介词词义辨析。up向上;
under在……之下;
through通过;
straight直的,
直接的。我双手捧着爸爸的脸,
直视他的双眼。故D项正确。
53.
A.
friendship
B.
relationship
C.
partnership
D.
membership
【解析】选B。考查名词词义辨析。friendship友谊;
relationship关系;
partnership合作关系;
membership会员身份。从那天起,
我和爸爸之间的关系就不一样了,
故B项正确。
54.
A.
bright
B.
blank
C.
deep
D.
smart
【解析】选C。考查形容词词义辨析。bright明亮的;
blank空白的;
deep深入的;
smart聪明的。我和爸爸进行了多次深入的谈话,
故C项正确。
55.
A.
Along
B.
Also
C.
So
D.
Neither
【解析】选D。考查副词词义辨析。Along一起;
Also也;
So所以;
Neither也不。他不再害怕说“我爱你”。我也不怕了,
故D项正确。
第二节(共10小题;
每小题1.
5分,
满分15分)
阅读下面短文,
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A
few
years
ago,
with
her
colleagues,
Dr.
Jennifer
Doudna,
a
famous
professor
at
UC
Berkeley,
56.
________(invent)
a
new
technology
for
editing
genomes
(基因组),
which
is
called
CRISPR-Cas9.
It
allows
scientists
57.
________
(make)
changes
to
the
DNA
in
cells
and
cure
the
genetic
diseases.
?
The
new
technology
has
already
been
used
to
change
the
DNA
in
the
cells
of
58.
________(mouse),
monkeys
and
other
organisms.
However,
the
experiment
about
the
world’
s
first
genetically-edited
babies
raises
various
ethical
(伦理的)
issues,
because
this
technology
can
59.
________
(employ)
not
only
in
adult
cells,
but
also
in
the
embryos
(胚胎)
of
organisms
60.
________(include)
our
own
species.
This
is
the
reason
61.
________
Jennifer
and
her
colleagues
have
called
for
a
global
pause
in
any
clinical
application
on
the
CRISPR
technology
in
human
embryos
to
give
us
time
to
really
consider
all
of
the
various
results
of
doing
so.
Actually,
in
62.
________1970s
scientists
got
together
to
decide
to
put
off
the
use
of
molecular
(分子的)
cloning
until
the
63.
________
(safe)
of
that
technology
could
be
tested
carefully
and
proved.
?
Genome-engineered
animals
64.
________plants
are
happening
right
now.
And
this
puts
in
front
of
all
of
us
a
huge
responsibility
to
consider
carefully
both
the
unintended
consequences
as
well
as
the
intended
impacts
of
a
65.
________(science)
breakthrough.
?
【文章大意】本文主要介绍了基因组编辑技术在生物工程领域的应用,
以及基因编辑婴儿项目背后的伦理问题。
56.
【解析】invented。考查动词的时态。句意:
几年前,
加州大学伯克利分校的著名教授珍妮弗·杜德娜和她的同事们发明了一项基因组编辑的新技术,
这种技术被称为CRISPR-Cas9。此句中的A
few
years
ago是表示过去的时间状语,
因此此处应用一般过去时。故填invented。
57.
【解析】to
make。考查非谓语动词。句意:
它可以使科学家们改变细胞中的DNA,
并且治疗基因疾病。allow
sb.
to
do
sth.
为固定搭配,
意为“允许某人做某事”。故填to
make。
58.
【解析】mice。考查名词单复数。句意:
这项新技术已被用来改变老鼠、猴子以及其他生物细胞中的DNA。此句中的monkeys和other
organisms都是可数名词的复数形式,
此处与其并列,
形式应保持一致,
也应用复数形式。故填mice。
59.
【解析】be
employed。考查动词的语态。句意:
……因为这种技术不仅能应用于成人细胞中,
而且可以应用于包括我们人类在内的有机体的胚胎中。分析句子结构可知,
设空处在句中作谓语,
且technology和employ之间为被动关系,
所以应用被动语态;
设空处前有情态动词can,
故填be
employed。
60.
【解析】including。考查介词。句意见上一题解析。根据句意及语境可知,
此处表示“包括”之意,
应用介词。故填including。
61.
【解析】why。考查定语从句。句意:
这就是珍妮弗和她的同事们呼吁全世界暂停将CRISPR技术用于人类胚胎有关的所有临床应用的原因,
这给了我们时间去认真考虑这项技术应用可能带来的各种后果。分析句子结构可知,
设空处在句中引导定语从句,
先行词是reason,
从句中缺少原因状语,
应选择关系副词。故填why。
62.
【解析】the。考查冠词。句意:
事实上,
在20世纪70年代,
科学家们就一起决定要推迟分子克隆技术的使用,
直到这项技术的安全性得以谨慎测试和证明。年代前面要用定冠词the修饰。故填the。
63.
【解析】safety。考查词性转换。句意见上一题解析。设空处前有定冠词the,
后有介词of,
应用名词。故填safety。
64.
【解析】and。考查连词。句意:
基因工程的动植物此刻已经出现。animals和plants是两个并列关系的名词,
要用并列连词连接。故填and。
65.
【解析】scientific。考查词性转换。句意:
这就使我们要担负起巨大的责任,
认真考虑科学突破可能带来的意外后果以及预期影响。设空处在句中修饰名词breakthrough,
应用形容词。故填scientific。
第四部分 写作(共两节,
满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
(2020·哈尔滨高一检测)
The
high
technology
is
a
double-edged
sword请以“科技是把双刃剑”为话题写一篇演讲稿,
内容主要包括:
1.
阐述你对这句话的理解;
2.
以具体事例来论证你的观点。
注意:
1.
词数80个左右;
2.
演讲开头和结尾已经给出,
不计入总词数。
Ladies
and
gentlemen,
Good
morning!
It’
s
an
honor
for
me
to
deliver
a
speech:
The
high
technology
is
a
double-edged
sword.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Just
as
the
saying
goes,
every
coin
has
two
sides.
It’
s
up
to
us
users
to
make
good
use
of
high
technology
and
avoid
its
negative
effects.
Thank
you!
【参考范文】
Ladies
and
gentlemen,
Good
morning!
It’
s
an
honor
for
me
to
deliver
a
speech:
The
high
technology
is
a
double-edged
sword.
It
brings
us
conveniences
as
well
as
problems.
Take
smart
phones
for
example.
Nowadays,
the
smart
phone
is
more
than
a
means
of
communication.
We
can
shop
online
at
home
with
it;
we
can
have
a
conference
“face
to
face”
with
it.
.
.
In
fact,
we
can’
t
list
enough
benefits
of
it.
However,
the
problems
caused
by
it
can’
t
be
ignored.
It
steals
our
time
and
keeps
us
farther
and
farther
away
even
if
we
are
at
the
same
table
because
we
are
all
absorbed
in
the
world
created
by
smart
phones.
The
smart
phone
is
just
one
typical
example
about
the
effects
of
high
technology
on
our
daily
life.
Just
as
the
saying
goes,
every
coin
has
two
sides.
It’
s
up
to
us
users
to
make
good
use
of
high
technology
and
avoid
its
negative
effects.
Thank
you!
第二节(满分25分)
阅读下面短文,
根据其内容写一篇60个词左右的内容概要。
(2020·杭州高一检测)
The
way
of
Chinese
people’
s
life
has
been
changed
through
the
China’
s
“New
Four
Great
Inventions”.
What
are
“New
Four
Great
Inventions”?
They
are
High-speed
rail,
Shared
bike,
Online
shopping
and
Alipay.
What
did
the
China’
s
“New
Four
Great
Inventions”
bring
to
us?
High-speed
rail—Modern
transportation
makes
everybody
neighbor.
The
invention
of
the
high-speed
railway
makes
it
easy
to
thousands
of
miles
a
day.
Today
China’
s
rail
transit
technology
is
the
best,
the
China’
s
daily
average
of
4,
000
trains,
sending
about
4.
6
million
passengers.
Shared
bike—Short
walks
become
more
convenient
and
faster,
and
carbon
emissions
are
reduced,
which
is
friendly
to
the
environment.
You
can
download
the
APP
about
shared
bikes,
pay
some
money,
then
you
can
use
bicycles
everywhere
in
the
street.
The
Chinese
shared
bicycle
programs
have
been
becoming
more
and
more
popular.
Online
shopping—Don’
t
need
to
go
out
to
find
the
needs
for
living.
Online
shopping,
as
the
name
implies,
is
to
pay
money
online.
Purchases(购买物)
can
be
sent
home.
China
has
751
million
Internet
users,
724
million
mobile
phone
users;
total
transactions
(销售额)
on
November
11
and
December
12
hit
a
record
high
every
year.
Online
shopping
lets
Chinese
Internet
users
enjoy
“shopping
carnival”
every
day.
Alipay—A
software
which
can
replace
cash
payment.
With
intelligence
phones’
popularization,
Alipay
has
become
an
indispensable
(不可或缺的)
APP.
Through
scanning
the
“QR
code”,
Alipay
wants
to
realize
the
ambition
of
“replacing
cash
payments”
gradually.
On
11th
November
2018,
both
the
mobile
payment
account
and
the
transaction
reached
213.
5
billion.
There
is
no
doubt
that
China
has
already
used
its
own
power
of
“New
Four
Great
Inventions”
to
become
the
great
powerful
technological
country,
showing
the
power
of
China
once
again.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
China’
s
new
“Four
Great
Inventions”—
High-speed
rail,
Shared
bike,
Online
shopping
and
AliPay
have
changed
Chinese
people’
s
life.
High-speed
rail
makes
trips
faster
than
before.
Meanwhile,
Shared
bike
lets
the
short
walks
become
faster,
more
convenient
and
environmentally
friendly.
Online
shopping
creates
many
business
opportunities
on
the
Internet
and
Alipay
will
gradually
replace
cash
payment.
Without
doubt,
new
four
inventions
contribute
to
a
great
and
powerful
technological
China.
【备选训练】
读后续写
阅读下面材料,
根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,
使之构成一篇完整的短文。
(2020·上海高一检测)
During
lunchtime,
Emma
suggested
going
to
the
zoo
to
feed
the
animals
and
her
mom
agreed.
“We’
ll
stop
by
the
bakery
and
pick
some
bread
up.
Now
hurry
and
eat
and
then
we’
ll
go.
It’
s
going
to
be
a
lovely
day.
Grandma
is
coming
with
us.
She’
ll
be
here
any
minute,
”mom
said.
Emma
ate
her
lunch
and
then
ran
into
her
room
to
get
her
shoes.
The
problem
was
that
she
could
only
find
one
of
them.
She
looked
under
her
bed,
but
all
she
could
see
were
dirty
towels
and
pants.
She
moved
some
of
her
toys
out
of
the
way,
but
still
couldn’
t
find
her
shoe.
After
she’
d
checked
everywhere
in
her
room,
she
ran
into
the
kitchen.
“Mom,
I
can’
t
find
my
shoe.
Will
you
wait
while
I
look
for
it?
”she
asked.
Her
mom
thought
about
how
many
times
she’
d
told
Emma
to
clean
her
room
up.
She
whispered
something
to
Emma’
s
grandma
and
then
said
to
Emma,
“You
will
have
to
stay
home.
Your
dad
and
I
will
take
Ryan
to
the
zoo.
Grandma
will
stay
here
with
you.
”
“No!
Please
wait
for
me.
I
want
to
go
to
the
zoo,
”Emma
cried.
“I’
m
sorry,
Emma.
I’
ve
told
you
a
dozen
times
to
clean
your
room
and
you
ignored
me.
You
can’
t
find
your
shoe
now.
It’
s
your
own
fault
for
not
doing
as
I
asked.
You
will
stay
home.
”
Emma
ran
into
her
bedroom,
crying.
Her
mom
came
to
the
door
and
said,
“Emma,
clean
that
room
of
yours
before
I
get
home.
I’
ve
told
grandma
not
to
give
you
any
sweets
until
you
finish
the
work.
”
She
went
out
to
the
car
with
Ryan
and
Emma’
s
dad
and
then
they
drove
away.
注意:
续写词数150左右。
Emma
sat
on
her
bed
and
cried
for
a
long
time.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Emma
and
her
grandma
were
sitting
at
the
table,
eating
when
her
mom,
dad,
and
Ryan
came
home.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
Emma
sat
on
her
bed
and
cried
for
a
long
time.
And
then
she
wiped
her
eyes
and
started
to
clean
her
room.
It
took
her
two
hours
to
clean
up
the
room.
“I
did
it!
”she
said
proudly.
She
even
found
her
missing
shoe.
She
ran
into
the
living
room.
“Grandma!
Come
and
see.
I
cleaned
my
room
and
found
my
shoe.
”
Grandma
looked
in
Emma’
s
room.
“If
you
had
kept
it
this
way,
you
wouldn’
t
have
lost
your
shoe.
Come
and
have
some
sweets
now,
”she
said.
Emma
and
her
grandma
were
sitting
at
the
table,
eating
when
her
mom,
dad,
and
Ryan
came
home.
“Well,
look
at
Emma’
s
room!
It’
s
clean,
”her
dad
said.
“How
was
the
zoo?
Did
you
have
fun?
I
wish
I
could
have
gone
there
with
you,
”Emma
said.
“If
you
keep
your
room
clean,
we
may
go
and
see
animals
again,
”her
mom
said.
From
then
on,
Emma
tried
her
best
to
keep
her
room
clean.(共106张PPT)
Unit?4 Scientists?who?changed?the?world
Grammar
and
usage
&
Integrated
skills
要点精研·探究学习
1.
surround
vt.
围绕;
环绕;
与……紧密相关
He
observed
that
the
bacteria
surrounding
the
mould
were
dead.
他观察到霉菌周围的细菌都死了。
When
the
car
stopped
in
the
town
square
it
was
surrounded
by
soldiers
and
militiamen.
当这辆汽车停在城镇广场时立刻被士兵和民兵包围了。
Eventually,
the
water
will
permeate
through
the
surrounding
concrete.
最终,
水会渗透进周围的混凝土中。
Schumacher
adapted
effortlessly
to
his
new
surroundings.
舒马赫非常轻松地适应了新环境。
【词块积累】
surround
sb.
/sth.
with
/by.
.
.
使某人/某物被……包围
surrounding
n.
周围的事物;
环境(通常用复数形式)
adj.
周围的
【即学活用】
(1)语法填空。
①The
trees
___________(surround)the
town
were
planted
by
the
soldiers
ten
years
ago.
②Only
in
this
way
can
we
live
in
more
comfortable
and
beautiful
____________
(surround).
③___________(surround)by
a
dozen
of
children,
the
women
happily
celebrated
her
80th
birthday.
surrounding
surroundings
Surrounded
(2)语段填空。
As
a
famous
pop
star,
he
loves
①________________by
so
many
fans
coming
to
visit
him
before
the
②___________towns.
And
he
also
likes
beautiful
③____________with
green
trees
and
flowers,
because
he
can
get
much
more
pleasure
from
nature
(surround).
?
being
surrounded
surrounding
surroundings
2.
indicate
v.
指出;
提及;
表明;
暗示;
示意
The
results
indicated
that
something
produced
by
the
mould
had
killed
the
bacteria.
结果表明,
霉菌产生的某种物质杀死了细菌。
The
number
of
wells
is
a
fair
indicator
of
the
demand
for
water.
水井的数量能较准确地反映水需求量的大小。
All
the
indications
are
that
we
are
going
to
receive
reasonable
support
from
abroad.
所有迹象都表明,
我们将从国外获得有力支持。
【词块积累】
indicate
sth.
to
sb.
向某人示意/
指出某事
indicate
that.
.
.
指示/表明……
indication
n.
暗示;
表示;
预兆
indicator
指示器
【巧学助记】
构词记忆
indicate
in(向内)+
dic-(说,
讲)+
ate(动词词尾)→indicate
v.
暗示
【即学活用】
(1)语法填空。
①There
is
a
great
deal
of
evidence
_________(indicate)that
music
activities
engage
different
parts
of
the
brain.
②The
headmaster
took
out
a
map
and
indicated
the
quickest
route
__
us.
③He
________that
an
________should
give
me
some
_________of
how
I
did
in
the
test.
(indicate)
(2)According
to
an
old
proverb,
a
red
sky
at
night
often
____________
_______(预示着好天气)the
next
day.
?
indicating
to
indicated
indicator
indication
indicates
fine
weather
3.
favo(u)r
n.
帮助、恩惠;
赞成;
善意的行为;
偏爱;
支持;
有利于
As
the
saying
goes,
“Fortune
favours
the
prepared
mind.
”
俗话说:
“幸运总是垂青有准备的人。”
As
an
examiner,
she
showed
no
favour
to
any
candidate.
作为主考人她没有偏袒任何应试者。
Can
I
ask
you
a
favour?
我可以请你帮个忙吗?
I
am
all
in
favour
of
(=
completely
support)
equal
pay
for
equal
work.
我完全支持同工同酬。
【词块积累】
(1)ask
a
favour
of
sb.
请某人帮忙/照顾
do
a
favour
for
sb.
=do
sb.
a
favour
给某人恩惠,
帮某人忙
in
favour
of
支持,
赞同
(2)favourite
adj.
最喜爱的
【即学活用】
(1)语法填空。
①Most
of
them
were
__favour
of
my
opinion
while
David
was
against
it.
②I
owed
him
__favour,
so
I
couldn’t
say
no.
(2)I
talked
to
Susie
about
it,
and
she’s
________________(赞成去).
?
(3)Could
you
______________________________(帮我一个忙)and
turn
off
that
light?
in
a
in
favour
of
going
do
me
a
favour/do
a
favour
for
me
4.
charge
v.
充电;
收费;
控告;
谴责;
使……承担责任;
使充满
n.
收费;
控告;
谴责;
掌管
When
a
thunderstorm
approached,
the
lightning
would
charge
the
key.
当雷雨来临时,
闪电就会给钥匙充电。
Any
driver
found
drinking
will
be
charged.
所有被发现饮酒的司机将会被罚款。
He
was
charged
with
murder.
他被指控犯有谋杀罪。
We
have
to
make
a
small
charge
for
refreshments.
我们得收取少量茶点费。
He
took
charge
of
the
farm
after
his
father’s
death.
他在父亲去世后掌管了农场。
【词块积累】
(1)in
charge
(of)
主管;
负责;
照顾
in
the
charge
of=in
one’s
charge
由某人负责,
由某人管理
take
charge
of
掌管;
负责,
看管
free
of
charge=for
free
免费
(2)charge
sb.
with
sth.
因某事控告某人
charge
sb.
(money)
for
sth.
向某人索取……的费用
【名师点津】
表示“控告某人某事”还可以用accuse
sb.
of
sth.
结构。注意介词搭配的不同。
【即学活用】
(1)语法填空。
①We
choose
this
hotel
because
the
price
for
a
night
here
is
down
to
$20,
half
of
what
it
used
________(charge).
?
②Your
order
will
be
delivered
free
__charge
within
a
ten-mile
limit.
(2)同义句转换。
The
shop
was
in
his
charge
while
the
manager
was
away.
①The
shop
was
______________him
while
the
manager
was
away.
?
②He
was
___________the
shop
while
the
manager
was
away.
?
③He
_____________the
shop
while
the
manager
was
away.
?
to
charge
of
in
the
charge
of
in
charge
of
took
charge
of
5.
far
from远非
One
might
think
Fleming
discovered
penicillin
by
accident,
but
actually
this
is
far
from
the
truth.
有人可能会认为弗莱明发现青霉素是出于偶然,
然而实际上,
这远非事实。
In
fact,
far
from
being
a
book
about
death,
it
is
a
book
about
life.
事实上,
这不是一本关于死亡的书,
而是一本关于生命的书。
If
you
get
to
know
him,
you
will
find
he
is
far
from
a
fool.
如果你和他熟悉了,
就会发现他一点也不傻。
So
far
we
have
done
a
lot
to
build
a
low-carbon
economy,
but
it
is
far
from
ideal.
We
have
to
work
still
harder.
到目前为止,
我们已经做了很多工作来建立一个低碳经济,
但它离理想还很远。
我们还要更努力地工作。
【词块积累】
far
from+n.
/adj.
离……很远;
远离;
远非……
far
from
doing
sth.
决不会做某事
far
from
it
完全相反;
远非如此
【即学活用】
语法填空。
(1)Your
exam
results
are
far
_____satisfactory.
It’s
time
for
you
to
double
your
effort.
(2)Far
from
_______(help)
the
situation,
you
have
just
made
it
worse.
from
helping
6.
go
through穿过;
经历;
通过;
浏览;
仔细检查;
完成
He
worked
out
that
by
flying
a
kite
during
a
thunderstorm,
electricity
could
go
through
the
wet
kite
string
down
to
earth.
他发现在雷雨天气放风筝,
电可以通过湿风筝线到达地面。
You
will
eventually
have
to
go
through
that
drawer.
你最后需要检查一下抽屉。
He
expected
the
transfer
to
go
through
by
today’s
noon
deadline.
他希望转账在今天中午的最后期限之前完成。
It
is
not
until
he
goes
through
real
hardship
that
he
realizes
the
love
we
have
for
our
families
is
important.
直到他经历真正的困难他才意识到我们对家人的爱的重要性。
【词块积累】
get
through
通过(考试等);
接通电话:
完成;
用完
look
through
浏览;
查看
break
through
冲破;
突破
see
through
看穿,
识破
【即学活用】
(1)写出下列句中go
through的含义。
①I
went
through
my
homework
to
make
sure
that
nothing
had
been
missed.
_________
②As
you
go
through
this
book,
you
will
find
that
each
of
the
millions
of
people
who
lived
through
World
War
II
had
a
different
experience.
_____
③It’s
love
and
responsibility
that
have
driven
him
to
go
through
many
hardships
and
survive.
_____
④As
soon
as
the
law
goes
through,
more
food
in
the
super-market
will
have
to
be
marked
with
its
origin.
_____
详细检查
读完
经历
通过
(2)I
______________________________but
I
still
can’t
find
the
contract.
?
我翻阅了所有文件,
但依然找不到那份合同。
(3)I
tried
phoning
her
office,
but
I
__________________.
?
我试着给她的办公室打电话,
但是没有打通。
have
looked
through
all
my
papers
couldn’t
get
through
7.
The
story
goes
like
this:
Franklin
had
found
lightning
interesting
for
years,
believing
it
was
actually
electricity.
故事是这样的:
多年来,
富兰克林发现闪电很有趣,
他认为它实际上是电。?
【句式解构】find
+宾语+形容词,
意为:
发现某物……
We
find
the
new
film
that
we
saw
last
night
very
interesting.
我们觉得昨晚我们看的新电影很有趣。
I
find
my
cat
asleep
in
my
bed.
我发现我的猫睡在我的床上。
After
a
long
search
,
we
found
the
boy
safe
and
sound.
经过长久的搜寻,
我们发现那个男孩安然无恙。
【名师点津】
find+宾语+宾语补足语
“find+oneself+宾语补足语”通常表示“(在事先毫无知觉的情况下)突然发现自己处于某种状态”。find的常见复合宾语结构:
(1)find+宾语十现在分词/过去分词/形容词/介词短语发现某人/某物……
(2)find
+it+
形容词/名词+to
do
sth.
发现/认为做某事……
【即学活用】
(1)语法填空。
①When
he
came
to
life,
he
found
himself
______(sit)
on
a
chair,
with
his
hands
____(tie)
back.
②But
when
the
police
arrived,
they
found
the
door
______(lock)
and
all
windows
______(close).
③The
two
girls
are
so
alike
that
strangers
find
it
difficult
_____(tell)
one
from
the
other.
?
sitting
tied
locked
closed
to
tell
(2)句式升级。
He
found
that
his
son
was
surrounded
by
letters
and
papers
and
he
was
looking
very
worried.
__________________________________________________________________
(用“find+宾语+宾语补足语”改写)?
He
found
his
son
surrounded
by
letters
and
papers
and
looking
very
worried.
语法精讲·深化学习
动词-ed形式作定语、状语和宾语补足语
【情境探究】
These
female
pigs
are
cloned.
So
we
call
them
cloned
pigs→These
female
pigs
are
cloned.
So
we
call
them
pigs
that/which
are
cloned.
Seen
from
space,
the
earth
looks
blue.
→When
it
is
seen
from
space,
the
earth
looks
blue.
She
found
the
door
broken
in
when
she
woke
up.
【要义详析】
一、动词-ed形式作定语
过去分词作定语往往与被修饰的词靠得很紧,
渐渐地成为一个复合词。这种分词叫分词形容词
(the
Participle
Adjective),
实际上相当于一个单纯的形容词,
除表示“完成”的动作之外,
还表示“被动”的意义。如:
spoken
English
(英语口语),
iced
beer
(冰冻啤酒),
cooked
food
(熟食),
fried
chips
(炸土豆条)。
但要注意不及物动词的过去分词常表示“完成”的动作,
而不表示“被动”意义。如boiled
water(开水),
fallen
leaves(落叶),
the
risen
sun(升起的太阳)等。
(1)前置定语。
单个的动词-ed形式,
一般放在被修饰的名词的前面,
作前置定语。
The
excited
people
rushed
into
building.
(=the
people
who
were
excited)激动的人们冲进大楼。
Lost
time
can
never
be
found
again.
(=time
which
is
lost)虚度的时光无法挽回。
(2)后置定语。
①少数单个动词的-ed形式,
如left等,
只能作后置定语。
Everything
used
should
be
marked.
所有用过的东西应该做好标记。
Among
the
people
invited
were
some
ladies.
被邀请的人中,
有些是女士。
The
books
left
are
for
my
students.
剩下的书是给我的学生的。
②
动词-ed形式短语作定语时,
通常要放在被修饰的名词的后面,
在意思上相当于一个定语从句。及物动词的过去分词作定语用来表示被动,
可改为带被动语态的定语从句;
不及物动词的过去分词(仅限于单个过去分词,
且不能后置)则表示完成,
可改为带有完成时态的定语从句。
Is
there
anything
planned
for
tonight?
(=that
has
been
planned
for
tonight)
今晚有什么活动吗?
The
meeting,
attended
by
a
lot
of
people(=which
was
attended
by
a
lot
of
people),
was
a
success.
这次会议有很多人出席,
开得很成功。
We
drank
some
boiled(=which
had
boiled)
water
and
went
on
with
our
work.
我们喝了一些开水后就继续工作。
注意:
这里的过去分词的逻辑主语应是被修饰的词,
改为定语从句时关系代词应与之一致。
二、动词-ed形式作状语
1.
过去分词作状语表示被动或完成,
但有些过去分词(短语)因来源于系表结构,
作状语时不表动作而表状态。这样的过去分词(短语)常见的有
lost
(迷路),
seated
(坐),
absorbed
in
(全神贯注于),
dressed
in
(穿着),
tired
of
(厌烦)等。如:
Absorbed
in
deep
thought,
he
didn’t
hear
the
sound.
因为沉浸在思考之中,
所以他没听到那个声音。
2.
过去分词作状语来源于状语从句,
在句中一般能作五种状语,
即时间、原因、条件、让步和方式状语。如:
Caught
in
a
heavy
rain,
he
was
all
wet.
因为淋了一场大雨,
所以他全身湿透了。
(Caught
in
a
heavy
rain
相当于原因状语从句Because
he
was
caught
in
a
heavy
rain)
Grown
in
rich
soil,
these
seeds
can
grow
fast.
如果种在肥沃的土壤里,
这些种子能长得很快。
(Grown
in
rich
soil相当于条件状语从句If
these
seeds
are
grown
in
rich
soil)
【名师点津】
①当从句的主语与主句的主语一致时,
才可以把从句的主语省略,
且省略掉的主语与其逻辑谓语是被动关系或表示状态。
When
given
a
medical
examination,
you
should
keep
calm.
当你做体检时要保持镇定。
②把状语从句改为过去分词作状语时有时还可保留连词,
构成“连词+过去分词”结构作状语,
即“while
(when,
once,
until,
if,
though等连词)+过去分词”结构。如:
Though
beaten
by
the
opposite
team,
the
players
didn’t
lose
heart.
尽管这些球员被对方球队打败了,
但他们并没有灰心。
三、动词-ed形式作宾语补足语
1.
能用作宾语补足语的过去分词一般都是及物动词,
表示被动意义或已完成意义,
有时候两者兼而有之。作宾语补足语的过去分词与宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系,
即宾语是过去分词动作的对象。
My
grandfather
had
his
old
house
rebuilt.
我爷爷找人重修了一下他的旧房子。
少数不及物动词的过去分词用作宾语补足语时,
强调动作完成后的状态。
They
found
all
the
guests
gone
when
they
woke
up.
当他们醒来时,
发现所有的客人都走了。
2.
动词的-ed形式可以在“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”句型中充当宾语补足语。在这一结构中,
动词-ed形式和它前面的宾语构成逻辑上的被动关系。如果这种句子改为被动语态,
原来的宾语补足语变成了主语补足语。
I
must
get
my
bike
repaired.
我必须请人修理我的自行车。(宾语补足语)
The
girl
was
found
beaten
black
and
blue.
人们发现那女孩被打得青一块紫一块。(主语补足语)
(1)动词-ed形式可作表示感觉和心理状态的动词的宾语补足语,
这类动词包括see,
hear,
watch,
notice,
feel,
find,
think,
suppose,
consider等。
We
thought
the
game
lost.
我们认为比赛输了。
I
have
never
heard
him
spoken
ill
of
others.
我从未听过有人说他的坏话。
They
considered
the
matter
settled.
他们认为这问题解决了。
(2)
动词-ed形式可作使役动词的宾语补足语,
这类动词包括make,
get,
have,
keep,
leave,
hold等。
I
have
my
hair
cut
once
a
month.
我每个月理一次发。
He
was
trying
to
make
himself
understood.
他试图让别人明白他的意思。
“have+宾语+done”结构有三个含义:
①
(请人)把某事做完。
She
had
her
house
repaired.
她请人把屋子修好了。
Where
did
you
have
your
hair
cut?
你在哪儿理的发?
②遭遇某种意外情况。
He
had
his
hat
blown
away
on
his
way
home.
在回家的路上他的帽子被吹掉了。
She
had
her
wallet
stolen
yesterday.
昨天她的钱包被偷了。
③完成某事
(自己也可能参与)。
I
have
had
all
my
spelling
mistakes
corrected.
我把所有的拼写错误都改正了。
He
has
had
one
thousand
yuan
saved
this
year.
他今年已存了1
000元。
(3)
动词-ed形式可作表示希望、要求、命令等动词的宾语补足语,
这类动词包括like,
want,
wish,
expect,
order等。
He
won’t
like
such
questions
discussed
at
the
meeting.
他不喜欢在会议上讨论这样的问题。
The
students
wish
the
TV
serial
plays
continued.
学生们希望电视连续剧继续播下去。
(4)
过去分词用在“with+宾语+宾语补足语”这一结构中,
过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系。
The
thief
was
brought
in
with
his
hands
tied
behind
his
back.
小偷被带进来了,
双手被反绑在背后。
【即学活用】
(1)用所给词的适当形式填空,
并与A—C的汉语翻译相匹配。
impress/pour/speak
A.
覆水难收
B.
流连忘返
C.
一言既出,
驷马难追
①Once
_______,
a
word
becomes
a
promise.
__
②Once
_______,
water
cannot
be
taken
back
again.
__
③_________by
the
beautiful
scenery,
I
forgot
to
go
back
home
in
time.
__
spoken
C
poured
A
Impressed
B
(2)语法填空。
①_____(see)
from
the
top
of
the
hill,
the
city
looks
beautiful
to
us.
②______(give)
time,
he’ll
make
a
first
class
tennis
player.
③________(look)
out
of
the
window,
I
found
many
children
playing
on
the
playground.
Seen
Given
Looking
(3)翻译句子。
①由于被妈妈所说的话感动,
我忍不住哭了起来。
________________________________________________?
②如果给我们一个机会,
我们将给大家一个非常好的表演。
_________________________________________________?
③当问到他出生在哪里时,
约翰说他是纽约人。
________________________________________________________?
Moved
by
what
my
mother
said,
I
couldn’t
help
crying.
Given
a
chance,
we
could
give
a
very
good
performance.
When
asked
where
he
was
born,
John
said
he
was
a
New
Yorker.
【语法主题应用】
使用本单元所学的语法知识填空。
When
a
baby
is
in
danger,
its
mother
will
be
crazy
and
worried.
This
is
something
anyone
can
relate
to,
even
though
we
are
talking
about
a
mother
elephant
1.
_________(separate)from
her
child.
A
video
2.
_________(record)
the
reunion
between
the
elephant
and
her
8-month-old
baby
in
Kenya
was
one
of
the
most
impressive
scenes.
The
baby
fell
inside
a
man-made
hole
and
was
unable
to
climb
out,
according
to
the
video
3.
_______(release)
by
the
Amboseli
Trust
for
Elephants.
Despite
the
best
efforts
separated
recording
released
4.
_____(make)by
her
desperate
mother,
the
baby
seemed
helpless
until
a
team
of
workers
rushed
5.
______(help).
They
had
to
drive
the
overprotective
mother
away
first,
so
that
they
could
get
close
enough
6.
________(rescue)the
baby
with
ropes
and
a
vehicle.
Luckily,
the
workers
managed
7.
______(pull)the
baby
to
safety.
What
followed
was
a
8.
________(touch)scene.
As
soon
as
the
baby
was
freed,
it
ran
away
across
the
plain.
In
the
distance,
the
cries
of
her
mother
could
be
heard
as
she
came
9.
_______(run)from
the
opposite
direction.
The
two
were
reunited,
10.
_______(hug)
each
other
with
their
trunks.
?
made
to
help
to
rescue
to
pull
touching
running
hugging
读写结合·表达升级
【文体感知】
Task
1 框架宏观建构:
整体理解?
Skim
and
match
each
event
with
its
time.
A.
On
Thursday.
B.
On
Friday C.
On
Wednesday
答案:
(1)～(3)CBA
(1)Dr.
Li
gave
us
a
lecture
(2)School
Science
Festival
came
to
an
end
(3)Students
did
different
experiments
2.
Read
the
passage
and
fill
in
the
blanks.
Theme
(1)______
Events
Dr.
Li’s
(2)______
about
whether
life
can
exist
on
other
planets.
Students
tried
different
(3)___________
with
great
interest.
Every
class
decorated
(4)
______________and
designed
(5)________
according
to
the
theme
of
space.
Space
lecture
experiments
their
classroom
activities
Task
2 文本微观剖析:
特色表达?
1.
What
can
you
do
in
Science
Workshop?
A.
We
can
attend
an
interesting
lecture.
B.
We
can
decorate
our
classroom.
C.
We
can
conduct
various
experiments.
D.
We
can
design
activities.
2.
What
contributed
most
to
the
Science
Festival’s
success?
A.
Team
effort.
B.
The
theme.
C.
Dr.
Li’s
lecture.
D.
Wonderful
experiments.
答案:
1～2.
CA
【实践应用】
【模板构建】
.
.
.
is
scheduled
to
be
held.
.
.
/.
.
.
is
going
to
hold.
.
.
(交代背景信息、时间、地点等)。
The
purpose
of
this
festival/activity
is
to.
.
.
/At
this
festival,
you
will.
.
.
.
What’s
more,
.
.
.
.
Besides,
.
.
.
is
of
great
value/importance.
.
.
(分点介绍活动/节日事项、意义)。
I
would
appreciate
it
if
you
could
join
us/Welcome
to
join.
.
.
/I
wish
you
can
join.
.
.
(提出邀请)。
【典题仿写】
假定你是李华,
想邀请英国交换生David下周一参加你校举办的“科技节”,
并观赏学生们的“科技小发明”。请给他写封邮件,
内容包括:
1.
写信意图;
2.
活动时间和地点;
3.
活动目的和内容;
4.
表达希望。
注意:
1.
词数80个左右;
2.
可以适当增加细节,
以使行文连贯。
参考词汇:
科技小发明:
technology
gadgets。
Dear
David,
I’m
glad
to
invite
you
to
the
Science
Festival
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li
Hua
【遣词造句】
完成句子
1.
科技节定于上午8点到11点在操场上举行。(be
scheduled
to
do
sth.
)
___________________________________________________________________
___________?
2.
科技节持续3个小时。(last)
__________________________?
The
Science
Festival
is
scheduled
to
take
place
on
the
playground
from
8
a.
m.
to
11
a.
m.
The
festival
lasts
three
hours.
3.
它的目的是鼓励我们学生的创造性思考和与他人分享我们的作品。(as
well
as)
___________________________________________________________________
________________?
4.
各种各样的设备在我们的日常生活中用处很大。(be
of
great
use)
__________________________________________?
5.
一些优秀的学生发明家会介绍他们的技术小工具的功能,
并当场示范。(on
the
spot)
_____________________________________________________________________
_________________________________?
Its
purpose
is
to
encourage
us
students
to
think
creatively
as
well
as
share
our
works
with
others.
Various
gadgets
are
of
great
use
in
our
daily
life.
Some
excellent
student
inventors
will
introduce
the
functions
of
their
technology
gadgets
and
perform
them
on
the
spot.
6.
我认为这将是最令人兴奋的部分。(exciting)
__________________________________?
句式升级
7.
用分词作状语合并句1和句2。
___________________________________________________________________
______________________________
8.
用定语从句合并句5和句6。
_____________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
_____?
I
think
it
will
be
the
most
exciting
part.
The
Science
Festival
is
scheduled
to
take
place
on
the
playground
from
8
a.
m.
to
11
a.
m.
,
lasting
three
hours.
Some
excellent
student
inventors
will
introduce
the
functions
of
their
technology
gadgets
and
perform
them
on
the
spot,
which
I
think
will
be
the
most
exciting
part.
【完美成篇】
Dear
David,
I’m
glad
to
invite
you
to
the
Science
Festival
to
be
held
in
our
school
next
Monday
to
enjoy
the
students’
technology
gadgets.
The
Science
Festival
is
scheduled
to
take
place
on
the
playground
from
8
a.
m.
to
11
a.
m.
,
lasting
three
hours.
Its
purpose
is
to
encourage
us
students
to
think
creatively
as
well
as
share
our
works
with
others.
At
this
festival,
you
can
enjoy
various
gadgets
which
are
of
great
use
in
our
daily
life.
What’s
more,
some
excellent
student
inventors
will
introduce
the
functions
of
their
technology
gadgets
and
perform
them
on
the
spot,
which
I
think
will
be
the
most
exciting
part.
I
would
appreciate
it
if
you
could
join
in
the
coming
Science
Festival.
Looking
forward
to
your
reply
and
expecting
your
coming.
【话题拓展】
1.
话题特点
如今的科技正处于快速发展的阶段,
各种各样的科技发明给人们带来了方便,
也成为了写作的热门话题。
2.
话题词汇
①accelerate
vt.
加速
②advance
v.
进展;
进步 n.
进展;
进步;
前进
③challenge
n.
挑战
④convenient
adj.
便利的,
方便的
⑤data
n.
数据,
资料
⑥database
n.
数据库
⑦download
v.
下载
⑧explore
vt.
探索
⑨insert
vt.
插入
⑩intelligent
adj.
智能的
3.
话题句式
①It
goes
without
saying
that.
.
.
It
goes
without
saying
that
modern
technology
brings
us
convenience
and
comfort
in
life.
毫无疑问,
现代科技给我们的生活带来了方便和舒适。
②It+be+adj.
+that.
.
.
It
is
obvious
that
iPad
is
of
great
help
to
our
study,
especially
to
our
English
listening.
iPad对我们的学习有帮助是显而易见的,
尤其是对我们的英语听力。
③现在分词短语作结果状语
Microblog
can
provide
a
platform
to
show
our
talent
and
release
our
pressure,
thus
making
it
more
and
more
popular
with
high
school
students.
微博可以提供一个平台来展示我们的才华和释放我们的压力,
从而使它越来越受高中生的欢迎。
④“no
matter+疑问词”引导让步状语从句
No
matter
how
attractive
the
Internet
is,
we
shouldn’t
be
addicted
to
it.
无论网络对我们的吸引力有多大,
我们都不应该沉迷于它。
⑤“in
the
last/past+一段时间”作时间状语
In
the
last
decades,
advances
in
medical
technology
have
made
it
possible
for
people
to
live
longer
than
in
the
past.
在过去的几十年间,
医疗技术的进步已使得人们比过去活的时间更长成为可能。
⑥The
Science
Festival
is
scheduled
to
take
place
on
the
playground
from
8
a.
m.
to
11
a.
m.
,
lasting
three
hours.
科技节定于上午8点到11点在操场上举行,
持续3个小时。
⑦Its
purpose
is
to
encourage
us
students
to
think
creatively
as
well
as
share
our
works
with
others.
它的目的是鼓励我们学生的创造性思考和与他人分享我们的作品。
⑧At
this
festival,
you
can
enjoy
various
gadgets
which
are
of
great
use
in
our
daily
life.
在这个节日里,
你可以享受各种各样的小工具,
它们在我们的日常生活中非常有用。
⑨What’s
more,
some
excellent
student
inventors
will
introduce
the
functions
of
their
technology
gadgets
and
perform
them
on
the
spot,
which
I
think
will
be
the
most
exciting
part.
另外,
一些优秀的学生发明家会介绍他们的技术小工具的功能,
并在现场示范,
我认为这将是最令人兴奋的部分。
⑩I
would
appreciate
it
if
you
could
join
in
the
coming
Science
Festival.
如果你能参加即将到来的科技节,
我将不胜感激。
课时素养评价
十一 Unit
4 Grammar
and
usage
&
Integrated
skills
【语用训练】
Ⅰ.
单句语法填空
1.
Some
of
the
people_______
(invite)
to
the
party
can’t
come.
2.
The
police
will
come
soon
to
take
away
the
________
(damage)
car.
3.
The
trees
______
(blow)
down
in
the
storm
have
been
moved
off
the
road.
4.
The
bridge
_____(build)
in
2013
was
designed
by
a
local
company.
5.
You’d
better
have
your
shoes
_______(mend).
6.
The
father
wants
his
daughter
______(teach)
the
piano.
invited
damaged
blown
built
mended
taught
7.
The
manager
was
satisfied
to
see
many
new
products
_________
(develop)
after
great
effort.
8.
This
is
the
statue
of
a
brave
soldier
______
(seat)
on
a
horse,
with
a
gun
on
his
back.
9.
The
young
man,
_____
(tire)
of
working
for
others,
is
determined
to
start
his
own
firm.
10.
Aunt
Wu
came
in,
________
(follow)by
her
daughter.
developed
seated
tired
followed
Ⅱ.
句型转换
1.
Those
plants
are
not
suitable
for
that
part
of
the
garden.
They
must
be
pulled
up.
→Those
plants
are
not
suitable
for
that
part
of
the
garden.
I
must
________
them
_________.
?
2.
Though
I’ve
learnt
English
for
years,
I
still
can’t
make
people
understand
me
quite
well.
→Though
I’ve
learnt
English
for
years,
I
still
can’t
make
________________quite
well.
?
get/have
pulled
up
myself
understood
3.
I’ll
just
wash
the
dishes
and
then
I’ll
come.
→I’ll
just
________
the
dishes
_______
and
then
I’ll
come.
4.
I
won’t
hear
anyone
say
anything
against
him
behind
his
back.
→I
won’t
hear
anything
____
against
him
behind
his
back.
5.
After
the
hurricane,
I
saw
lots
of
houses
whose
roofs
had
been
blown
off.
→After
the
hurricane,
I
saw
lots
of
houses
with
_____________.
?
6.
Because
she
was
born
in
a
poor
family,
Nadia
had
only
two
years
of
schooling.
→___________________,
Nadia
had
only
two
years
of
schooling.
?
get/have
washed
said
roofs
blown
off
Born
in
a
poor
family
7.
Though
he
is
encouraged
by
his
parents,
he
still
has
no
confidence
in
overcoming
the
difficulties.
→_______________________,
he
still
has
no
confidence
in
overcoming
the
difficulties.
?
8.
When
it
is
compared
with
the
size
of
the
whole
earth,
the
biggest
ocean
does
not
seem
big
at
all.
→__________
with
the
size
of
the
whole
earth,
the
biggest
ocean
does
not
seem
big
at
all.
Encouraged
by
his
parents
Compared
9.
When
they
first
were
introduced
to
the
market,
these
products
enjoyed
great
success.
→When
first
__________
to
the
market,
these
products
enjoyed
great
success.
10.
Having
finished
the
interview,
the
manager
went
to
his
office,
who
was
followed
by
the
interviewer.
→Having
finished
the
interview,
the
manager
went
to
his
office,
________
by
the
interviewer.
introduced
followed
【主题阅读】
Ⅰ.
阅读理解
(2020·衡阳高一检测)
Walk
through
the
Amazon
rainforest
today
and
you
will
find
it
is
steamy,
warm,
damp
and
thick.
But
if
you
had
been
around
15,
000
years
ago,
during
the
last
ice
age,
would
it
have
been
the
same?
For
more
than
30
years,
scientists
have
been
arguing
about
how
rainforests
like
the
Amazon
might
have
reacted
to
the
cold,
dry
climates
of
the
ice
ages,
but
until
now,
no
one
has
reached
a
satisfying
answer.
Rainforests
like
the
Amazon
are
important
for
mopping
up
CO2
from
the
atmosphere
and
helping
to
slow
global
warming.
Currently
the
trees
in
the
Amazon
take
in
around
500
million
tons
of
CO2
each
year:
equal
to
the
total
amount
of
CO2
giving
off
in
the
UK
each
year.
But
how
will
the
Amazon
react
to
future
climate
change?
If
it
gets
drier,
will
it
still
survive
and
continue
to
draw
down
CO2
?
?
Scientists
hope
that
they
will
be
able
to
learn
in
advance
how
the
rainforest
will
manage
in
the
future
by
understanding
how
rainforests
reacted
to
climate
change
in
the
past.
Unfortunately,
getting
into
the
Amazon
rainforest
and
collecting
information
are
very
difficult.
To
study
past
climate,
scientists
need
to
look
at
fossilized
pollen,
kept
in
lake
mud.
Going
back
to
the
last
ice
age
means
drilling
deep
down
into
lake
sediments
(沉淀物)which
requires
specialized
equipment
and
heavy
machinery.
There
are
very
few
roads
and
paths,
or
places
to
land
helicopters
and
airplanes.
Rivers
tend
to
be
the
easiest
way
to
enter
the
forest,
but
this
still
leaves
vast
areas
between
the
rivers
completely
unsampled(未取样).
So
far,
only
a
handful
of
cores
have
been
drilled
that
go
back
to
the
last
ice
age
and
none
of
them
provide
enough
information
to
prove
how
the
Amazon
rainforest
reacts
to
climate
change.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文,
介绍了科学家们对亚马孙雨林如何应对气候变化这一问题的研究。
1.
How
will
the
Amazon
rainforest
react
to
future
climate
change?
A.
It’ll
get
drier
and
continue
to
remove
CO2.
B.
There
is
no
exact
answer
up
to
present.
C.
It’ll
get
warmer
and
then
colder
and
drier.
D.
It’ll
remain
steamy,
warm,
damp
and
thick.
【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第一段可知,
科学家们对亚马孙雨林如何应对将来的气候变化这一问题到目前为止还没有得出确切的答案,
故B项正确。
2.
What’s
the
main
idea
of
the
last
paragraph?
A.
It’s
important
to
drill
deep
down
into
lake
sediments
to
collect
information.
B.
It’s
impossible
to
prove
how
climate
changes
in
the
Amazon
rainforest.
C.
It’s
hard
to
collect
information
for
studies
of
the
past
climate
in
the
Amazon
rainforest.
D.
It’s
necessary
to
have
specialized
equipment
and
machinery
to
study
the
past
climate.
【解析】选C。主旨大意题(段落大意)。根据最后一段内容,
特别是根据“Unfortunately,
getting
into
the
Amazon
rainforest
and
collecting
information
are
very
difficult.
”可知,
本段主要介绍了很难搜集过去亚马孙雨林气候的信息,
故C项正确。
3.
What
is
the
best
title
for
this
passage?
A.
Studies
of
the
Rainforests
B.
Climates
of
the
Amazon
C.
Secrets
of
the
Ice
Age
D.
Changes
of
the
Rainforests
【解析】选A。主旨大意题。通读全文,
特别是根据第一段中的“For
more
than
30
years,
scientists
have
been
arguing
about
how
rainforests
like
the
Amazon
might
have
reacted
to
the
cold,
dry
climates
of
the
ice
ages,
but
until
now,
no
one
has
reached
a
satisfying
answer.
”可知,
文章主要介绍了科学家们对亚马孙雨林如何应对气候变化这一问题的研究,
故A项正确。
Ⅱ.
语法填空
(2020·济南高一检测)
Newly-developed
robotic
arms
by
Chinese
researchers
1.
(show)
at
a
sci-tech
exhibition
on
Tuesday
in
east
China’s
Anhui
Province.
The
robotic
arms,
developed
by
researchers
at
the
University
of
Science
and
Technology
of
China
(USTC),
have
advanced
grasping
abilities
compared
2.
those
on
the
market.
They
can
complete
flexible
movements
including
3.
(pick)
up
pieces
of
paper,
bowls,
soft
tofu
and
cakes
and
placing
them
in
certain
places
accurately.
With
the
arms,
robots
can
grasp
and
place
different
objects
4.
(steady)
after
judging
the
shape
and
size
of
the
item.
The
current
robotic
arms
in
China
can
hardly
conduct
such
complex
movements,
5.
the
imported
robotic
arms
with
such
functions
are
very
expensive.
“The
new
robotic
arms
cost
no
more
than
1,
000
yuan,
”
said
Chen
Xiaoping,
6.
(direct)
of
the
Robotics
Laboratory
at
USTC,
adding
that
this
gives
them
an
advantage
for
much
7.
(wide)
application.
According
to
Chen,
the
arms
8.
(be)
first
installed
on
“Kejia”,
9.
home
service
robot
developed
by
USTC,
and
are
expected
10.
(use)
in
more
fields
such
as
the
elderly
care
services
and
logistics
in
the
future.
【文章大意】本文是一篇新闻报道,
简要介绍了中国机械手臂研究所取得的成就。
1.
【解析】were
shown。考查动词的时态和语态。由句中的时间状语on
Tuesday及主语robotic
arms和show之间为动宾关系可知,
这里应该用一般过去时的被动语态,
即were
shown。
2.
【解析】with/to。考查介词。此处是固定搭配,
compare
with/to意为“和……相比”。
3.
【解析】picking。考查非谓语动词。including是介词,
后接动名词短语作宾语,
空处和后面的placing构成并列关系,
所以用picking。
4.
【解析】steadily。考查副词。这里用副词steadily修饰place
different
objects,
作方式状语,
意为“持续地,
稳固地”。
5.
【解析】and。考查并列连词。两个分句分别说明了当前国内机械手臂的不足之处和进口的同类功能的机械手臂价格昂贵,
由此可知两个分句之间是并列关系,
所以用and。
6.
【解析】director。考查名词。此处用direct的名词形式director作Chen
Xiaoping的同位语,
意为“主管,
负责人”。
7.
【解析】wider。考查形容词的比较级。由语境和前面的修饰语much可知,
这里应该用比较级。
8.
【解析】will
be。考查动词的时态。由句中的时间状语in
the
future可知,
此处应该用一般将来时。
9.
【解析】a。考查冠词。这里应该用不定冠词a表示一类事物中的一个,
有数量“一”的意思。
10.
【解析】to
be
used。考查非谓语动词。因为本句的主语是the
arms,
谓语是are
expected,
且the
arms与use之间为逻辑上的动宾关系,
所以此处应用不定式的被动式,
即sth.
is
expected
to
be
done,
所以用to
be
used。
【方法技巧】
动词填写小技巧之一:
若句中已有谓语动词,
且设空处和谓语动词之间没有转折或并列连词时,
应该考虑此处考查非谓语动词。若是非谓语动词就要确定用
doing形式,
done形式,
还是
to
do
形式。非谓语动词的形式一定要考虑它与其逻辑主语之间的关系。
本题第3小题,
空格前面已经有谓语动词can
complete,
此处用动名词picking作including的宾语。
本题第10小题,
空格前面已经有谓语动词
are
expected,
此处用不定式的被动式to
be
used。
Ⅲ.
完形填空
Bending
our
knees
in
the
sand
and
protected
by
only
a
plastic
glove,
I
put
my
hand
into
the
cigarette
ends,
drink
bottles
and
rotten
fruit.
I
shouted
to
my
friends,
triumphantly
(得意地)
waving
a
1
sock
at
them
before
dropping
it
into
the
rubbish
bag.
?
My
friends
and
I
are
2
of
the
CSF,
a
high
school
community
service
club.
On
a
Sunday
morning
we
came
to
the
Santa
Monica
Beach
as
3
as
possible.
It
was
Step.
17.
International
Coastal
Cleanup
Day,
and
people
in
more
than
90
countries
were
4
to
clean
up
the
beaches.
When
four
of
us
and
the
club
adviser
5
near
the
Santa
Monica
Pier
(码头),
the
beach
was
nearly
empty.
We
were
— 6
with
plastic
gloves,
rubbish
bags
and
information
7 ,
which
we
used
to
record
the
rubbish
we
found
for
later
research.
In
8
of
two
or
three,
we
started
by
collecting
the
most
noticeable
pieces
of
rubbish,
such
as
bottles
and
bags.
Soon
our
backs
were
hurting
from
9
so
much.
To
pass
the
time,
our
club
adviser
invented
a
10
called
“Balloon
Search”
—
whichever
group
found
the
most
shreds
(碎片)
of
balloons
would
11 .
?
My
group
found
several
sickening
and
12
items,
such
as,
used
underwear,
dead
birds
and
toothbrushes.
Another
group
13
found
false
teeth!
After
three
hours
of
collecting
rubbish,
we
treated
ourselves
to
lunch.
I
washed
my
14
with
a
soap
four
times
in
the
bathroom,
but
the
smell
of
rotten
fish
stayed.
Although
we
were
tired,
we
all
15
that
the
work
was
definitely
worth
it.
?
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文,
讲述了作者和朋友作为高中社区服务俱乐部CSF的成员在9月17日国际海岸清理日那天在圣莫妮卡海滩上捡垃圾的经历,
虽然很累,
但他们都认为很值得。
1.
A.
beautiful
B.
muddy C.
plastic
D.
white
【解析】选B。考查形容词词义辨析。
beautiful美丽的;
muddy泥泞的;
plastic塑料的;
white白色的。根据本空前的“Bending
our
knees
in
the
sand”可知,
我们是在沙滩上捡垃圾,
自然是泥泞的,
故B选项切题。
2.
A.
students
B.
customers
C.
cleaners
D.
members
【解析】选D。考查名词词义辨析。
students学生;
customers顾客;
cleaners清洁工;
members会员,
成员。根据本空后的“of
the
CSF,
a
high
school
community
service
club”可知,
我和我的朋友们是高中社区服务俱乐部CSF的成员,
故D选项切题。
3.
A.
early
B.
late
C.
soon
D.
often
【解析】选A。考查副词词义辨析。early早;
late晚;
soon很快;
often经常。根据本空前的“On
a
Sunday
morning
we
came
to
the
Santa
Monica
Beach
as”可知,
一个星期日的早晨我们尽可能早地来到圣莫妮卡海滩,
故A选项切题。
4.
A.
calling
B.
gathering
C.
meeting
D.
pretending
【解析】选B。考查动词词义辨析。calling打电话;
gathering聚集,
集中;
meeting会见;
pretending假装。根据本空后的“to
clean
up
the
beaches”可知,
来自90多个国家的人聚集在一起清理海滩,
故B选项切题。
5.
A.
turned
up
B.
came
up
C.
turned
out
D.
came
out
【解析】选A。考查动词短语辨析。turned
up出现;
came
up走近,
发生;
turned
out结果是;
came
out出版。根据本空后的“near
the
Santa
Monica
Pier,
the
beach
was
nearly
empty”可知,
当我们出现在圣莫妮卡码头的时候,
海滩几乎空无一人,
故A选项切题。
6.
A.
equipped
B.
filled
C.
covered
D.
pulled
【解析】选A。考查动词词义辨析。
equipped装备;
filled充满;
covered覆盖;
pulled拉。根据本空后的“with
plastic
gloves,
rubbish
bags.
.
.
”可知,
我们配备塑料手套、垃圾袋和信息表,
故A选项切题。
7.
A.
scores
B.
papers
C.
tools
D.
sheets
【解析】选D。考查名词词义辨析。scores分数;
papers试卷;
tools工具;
sheets纸张,
表格。根据本空后的“which
we
used
to
record
the
rubbish
we
found
for
later
research”可知,
信息表用来记录找到的日后研究用的垃圾,
故D选项切题。
8.
A.
search
B.
memory
C.
groups
D.
forms
【解析】选C。考查名词词义辨析。
search搜寻;
memory记忆;
groups组;
forms形式。根据本空后的“of
two
or
three,
we
started
by
collecting
the
most.
.
.
”可知,
三两个人为一组,
我们开始捡最显而易见的垃圾,
故C选项切题。
9.
A.
walking
around
B.
bending
over
C.
falling
down
D.
moving
back
【解析】选B。考查动词短语辨析。walking
around四处走动;
bending
over俯身;
falling
down跌倒;
moving
back返回。捡垃圾自然是需要俯身,
我们由于俯身太多而后背疼痛,
故B选项切题。
10.
A.
game
B.
machine
C.
sport
D.
rule
【解析】选A。考查名词词义辨析。game游戏;
machine机器;
sport体育运动;
rule规则。根据本空后的“Balloon
Search”可知,
我们的俱乐部顾问发明了一个名叫“气球搜索”的游戏,
故A选项切题。
11.
A.
leave
B.
blow
C.
win
D.
speak
【解析】选C。考查动词词义辨析。leave离开;
blow吹;
win赢得,
获胜;
speak说话。根据本空前的“whichever
group
found
the
most
shreds
of
balloons
would”可知,
找到最多气球碎片的小组将会在游戏中获胜,
故C选项切题。
12.
A.
interesting
B.
surprising
C.
important
D.
pleasant
【解析】选B。考查形容词词义辨析。interesting有趣的;
surprising令人惊讶的;
important重要的;
pleasant愉快的。根据本空后的“items,
such
as,
used
underwear,
dead
birds
and
toothbrushes”可知,
我所在的组找到了像用过的内衣、死鸟和牙刷这样令人作呕和惊讶的东西,
故B选项切题。
13.
A.
again
B.
still
C.
even
D.
suddenly
【解析】选C。考查副词词义辨析。again再次;
still仍然;
even甚至;
suddenly突然。根据本空后的“found
false
teeth”可知,
另一个小组甚至还找到了假牙,
此处表示递进,
故C选项切题。
14.
A.
clothes
B.
hands
C.
face
D.
hair
【解析】选B。考查名词词义辨析。clothes衣服;
hands手;
face脸;
hair头发。吃饭前自然是要洗手,
故B选项切题。
15.
A.
agreed
B.
decided
C.
promised
D.
understood
【解析】选A。考查动词词义辨析。
agreed同意;
decided决定;
promised承诺;
understood理解。根据本空后的“that
the
work
was
definitely
worth
it”可知,
尽管很累,
我们一致认为我们的工作是值得的,
故A选项切题。
Ⅳ.
应用文写作
(2020·武汉高一检测)
浙江虽然是水资源大省,
但对水资源的保护也刻不容缓。假如你是李华,
请代表学生会向全校发起“珍惜水资源,
节约用水”的倡议。内容提示:
1.
珍惜水资源的重要性;
2.
如何从身边小事做起。
注意:
1.
词数
80个左右;
2.
可以适当增加细节,
以使行文连贯。
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
My
dear
fellow
students,
As
the
concept
of
environmental
protection
draws
increasing
concern,
water
conservation,
which
is
vital
for
the
survival
of
humans
as
well
as
other
species,
has
engaged
growing
public
attention.
Hence,
on
behalf
of
the
Students’
Union,
I
call
on
you
to
save
water.
To
start
with
the
little
things
around,
switch
off
the
tap
when
it
is
not
in
use;
minimize
daily
water
consumption
by
reusing
water
like
flushing
the
toilet
with
fish-tank
water.
Besides,
water-saving
devices
should
be
adopted
by
more
families.
I
strongly
believe
that
a
better
world
owes
to
the
commitment
and
dedication
of
everyone.
Li
Hua
阅读理解
(2020·开封高一检测)
On
April
2,
we
said
goodbye
to
Tiangong
Ⅰ,
China’s
first
space
lab.
According
to
the
China
Manned
Space
Agency,
Tiangong
Ⅰ
re-entered
the
Earth’s
atmosphere
(大气层)
and
fell
into
the
South
Pacific
Ocean.
There
are
many
spacecraft
that
are
still
in
orbit
above
the
Earth.
They
are
flying
at
heights
ranging
from
300
to
1,
000
kilometers.
After
finishing
their
trips,
they
will
all
re-enter
the
Earth’s
atmosphere
like
Tiangong
Ⅰ.
There
are
two
types
of
re-entries:
controlled(受控的)re-entry
and
uncontrolled
re-entry.
Some
satellites(卫星)and
manned
spacecraft
come
back
to
the
Earth
in
a
controlled
re-entry.
Scientists
calculate(计算)the
path
of
the
falling
spacecraft
and
its
speed.
They
can
guide
the
spacecraft
to
fall
in
a
chosen
area.
In
2017,
Tianzhou
Ⅰ,
China’s
first
cargo(货运)spacecraft,
was
directed
to
fall
in
the
South
Pacific
Ocean.
Some
spacecraft
may
have
problems
while
in
space,
or
are
simply
no
longer
usable
after
a
certain
amount
of
time.
These
craft
come
back
in
an
uncontrolled
re-entry.
It
is
hard
to
tell
when
and
where
these
spacecraft
will
fall
until
the
last
few
hours.
The
US
space
station
Skylab
came
back
partially
uncontrolled
in
1979.
Parts
of
the
station
fell
in
western
Australia,
but
no
one
was
injured.
During
re-entry,
most
of
the
spacecraft
will
burn
up
while
passing
through
the
Earth’s
atmosphere.
Only
a
small
amount
of
the
debris(碎片)will
reach
the
ground.
The
debris
typically
ends
up
falling
into
the
ocean,
China
Daily
reported.
Tiangong
Ⅰ
weighs
about
8.
5
tons.
The
amount
of
debris
that
falls
to
the
Earth
might
be
about
1
to
1.
5
tons,
the
Beijing
News
reported.
That
is
about
the
same
weight
as
a
car.
【文章大意】这是一篇科教类说明文。文中作者从天宫一号的返回说起,
介绍了航天器的可控回收和不可控回收。
1.
The
debris
from
Tiangong
Ⅰ
______.
?
A.
fell
into
the
South
Pacific
Ocean
B.
fell
in
western
Australia
C.
fell
in
the
central
part
of
the
US
D.
fell
into
the
North
Pacific
Ocean
【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第一段Tiangong
Ⅰ
re-entered
the
Earth’s
atmosphere
and
fell
into
the
South
Pacific
Ocean.
可知,
来自天宫一号的碎片落入南太平洋,
故选A。
2.
When
the
spacecraft
finishes
its
trip,
it
will
______.
?
A.
burn
up
and
disappear
B.
re-enter
the
Earth’s
atmosphere
C.
speed
up
and
fly
back
to
Earth
D.
enter
another
orbit
and
stay
in
space
【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第二段After
finishing
their
trips,
they
will
all
re-enter
the
Earth’s
atmosphere
like
Tiangong
Ⅰ.
可知,
当宇宙飞船完成旅程时,
它将重新进入地球的大气层,
故选B。
3.
Which
of
the
following
is
TRUE
about
the
US
space
station
Skylab?
A.
It
came
back
in
a
controlled
re-entry.
B.
Some
people
were
injured
by
its
debris.
C.
It
was
hard
to
tell
where
it
would
fall
in
advance.
D.
It
was
directed
to
fall
into
the
ocean.
【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第五段It
is
hard
to
tell
when
and
where
these
spacecraft
will
fall
until
the
last
few
hours.
The
US
space
station
Skylab
came
back
partially
uncontrolled
in
1979.
Parts
of
the
station
fell
in
western
Australia,
but
no
one
was
injured.
可知,
很难提前说美国空间站Skylab会降落到哪里,
故选C。
4.
This
story
most
likely
comes
from
______.
?
A.
a
storybook
B.
a
government
report
C.
a
science
magazine
D.
a
movie
review
【解析】选C。推理判断题。阅读全文,
根据文章内容可知,
本文主要讲述了航天器的可控回收和不可控回收,
故应该来源于科学杂志,
故选C。
