(共90张PPT)
Module
2
Developing
and
Developed
Countries
Introduction
&
Reading
and
Vocabulary
词汇知识·自主学习
Ⅰ.
用本模块恰当的单词补全语境
1.
die
of
_______饥饿致死
2.
live
on
a
low
_______靠低收入生活
3.
move
out
of
_______摆脱贫穷
4.
with
the
___________
of
society随着社会的发展
5.
the
effect
of
_______
have
on
nature人对自然的影响
hunger
income
poverty
development
humans
6.
________
the
width
of
the
wall测量墙的宽度
7.
achieve
a
____达到目标
8.
observe
________
of
the
stars
in
the
sky观察天空中星星的位置
9.
be
well
________受到良好教育
10.
update
the
______升级数字
measure
goal
positions
educated
figures
Ⅱ.
根据语境选用方框中适当的短语填空
at
the
top
of,
at
the
bottom
of,
make
efforts,
in
the
middle
of,
make
sure,
up
to,
make
progress
1.
My
father
will
be
proud
when
I
work
hard
and
_____________.
?
2.
Mr
King
spends
_____50
hours
a
week
on
his
research.
?
3.
Scientists
have
___________to
find
out
whether
life
of
some
kind
exists
on
Mars.
?
make
progress
up
to
made
efforts
4.
Nasreddin
woke
up
______________the
night
and
saw
something
white
in
his
garden.
?
5.
She
shouted
“Help!
”
___________her
voice.
?
6.
A
footnote
is
made
______________the
page.
?
7.
The
leader
wanted
to
_________the
one
he
chose
would
be
the
best.
?
in
the
middle
of
at
the
top
of
at
the
bottom
of
make
sure
Ⅲ.
翻译课文原句并观察黑体部分
1.
Norway
is
at
the
top
of
the
list,
while
the
US
is
at
number
7.
挪威位居榜首,
_______________。
2.
The
bottom
ten
countries
are
all
African
countries,
with
Sierra
Leone
(in
West
Africa)
at
the
bottom
of
the
list.
排名最低的十个国家都是非洲国家,
____________________________________。
而美国排名第七
其中塞拉利昂(在非洲西部)在名单的末尾
3.
However,
in
other
regions
of
the
world,
e.
g.
Eastern
Europe,
water
is
now
mostly
safe
to
drink.
然而,
在世界其他的地区,
像东欧,
_________________________。
4.
These
are
among
the
five
richest
countries
in
the
world,
so
it
is
right
that
they
should
do
so.
这些国家都居世界上最富有的五个国家之列,
因此_______________。
水现在大多是安全可饮用的
它们应该这样做
【词汇串记】
根据给出的构词规则完成下面空格。
1.
-ment常用于动词之后构成名词表示性质、状态。
develop→development
发展
enjoy→_________
享乐
move→_________
移动
agree→_________
同意
enjoyment
movement
agreement
2.
at
+
the
+
n.
+
of构成介词短语
at
the
top
of
在……顶端
at
the
_______
of
在……底部
at
the
____
of
在……尽头/末
at
the
____
of
在……底部/脚下
bottom
end
foot
阅读精析·合作学习
Task
1 框架宏观建构:
整体理解?
Task
2 文本微观剖析:
细节探究?
1.
根据文章细节信息完成下列问题。
(1)What
is
the
main
purpose
of
the
report
in
your
opinion?
A.
To
examine
the
achievements
of
175
countries.
B.
To
order
the
countries
in
the
world
in
three
ways.
C.
To
show
the
current
conditions
of
the
world’s
countries
in
three
ways.
D.
To
urge
the
countries
in
the
world
to
work
together
to
reduce
poverty.
(2)From
the
text,
we
can
know
China_____.
?
A.
is
in
the
thirteenth
position
of
the
list
B.
is
a
developed
country
C.
increased
life
expectancy
by
13
years
in
nine
years
D.
has
115
million
children
who
are
not
being
educated
(3)From
the
text,
the
countries
that
give
the
most
money
to
the
developing
countries
are
the
following
EXCEPT
_____.
?
A.
Norway
B.
Sweden
C.
the
U.
S.
D.
the
Netherlands
(4)Which
is
the
correct
order
of
the
five
top
countries
according
to
the
report?
A.
The
US,
the
UK,
Norway,
Iceland,
Sweden.
B.
Norway,
Iceland,
Sweden,
Australia,
the
Netherlands.
C.
Iceland,
Sweden,
Australia,
the
Netherlands,
Norway.
D.
The
US,
Norway,
Iceland,
Sweden,
Australia.
(5)According
to
the
text,
which
of
the
following
statements
is
true?
A.
One
of
the
most
important
goals
is
to
make
sure
all
children
have
education.
B.
Every
day
799
million
people
in
developed
countries
are
hungry.
C.
Australia
is
at
number
four
of
the
list.
D.
The
bottom
fifteen
countries
of
the
list
are
all
African
countries.
答案:
(1)～(5)DCCBC
2.
根据文章内容完成空格。
Title:
The
Human
Development
Report
In
2000
An
(1)_________
was
reached
to
reduce
poverty
by
2015.
The
Human
Development
Index
It
(2)________
a
country’s
achievements
in
three
ways:
life
expectancy,
(3)_________
and
income.
Some
Development
Goals
●reduce
poverty
and
(4)_______
●make
sure
that
all
children
have
education
up
to
the
age
of
11
●(5)________
the
environment
of
poor
people
●encourage
(6)_________
countries
to
give
more
help
to
other
countries
agreement
measures
education
hunger
improve
developed
Title:
The
Human
Development
Report
Examples
of
successful
development
and
the
(7)_________
China
increased
life
expectancy
by
(8)___
years
from
1953
to
1962.
Some
people
in
developing
countries
are
hungry
and
don’t
drink
(9)____
water.
Some
children
in
developing
countries
are
not
being
educated.
What
the
report
shows
We’re
making
some
progress
but
we
need
to
make
greater
(10)______.
challenges
13
safe
efforts
3.
运用语句知识解构课文中的长难句。
译文:
报告显示我们正在取得进步,
_____________________。
但我们还需要更加努力
译文:
_____________________________________,
但他们需要给予更多的援助。
虽然发达国家已经给予了一定的经济援助
Task
3 阅读思维升华:
主题实践?
1.
结合课文主题,
回答下列问题。
(1)How
shall
we
increase
life
expectancy?
__________________________________________________________
________________________________________?
It’s
a
good
idea
to
let
people
have
a
healthy
lifestyle,
which
includes
eating
healthily
and
taking
exercise
regularly.
(2)What
are
the
problems
that
the
developing
countries
face?
How
to
solve
them?
_______________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
______
There
are
lots
of
problems
in
some
developing
countries,
such
as
poverty,
less
education,
disease,
hunger
and
bad
environment.
To
solve
these
problems,
not
only
will
these
developing
countries
take
measures
to
develop
their
economy
themselves
but
also
those
developed
countries
give
much
more
financial
help
to
them.
?
2.
根据提示,
运用本模块词汇与句型完成一篇50词左右的短文。
(1)在这个地区仍有一些家庭收入(income)很低,
生活在贫困(poverty)之中。
(2)他们渴望(be
hungry
for)幸福的生活。
(3)政府正在采取措施(take
measures)改变他们的生活。
(4)首先,
所有的孩子都能受到教育(educated);
其次,
政府努力(make
efforts)促进经济的发展(development)。
(5)我们认为,
在政府的帮助下,
那些位于贫穷名单底部的(at
the
bottom
of)人们一定会摆脱贫穷。
Some
families
still
have
a
low
income
and
live
in
poverty
in
this
region.
They
are
hungry
for
a
happy
life.
The
government
is
taking
measures
to
change
their
life.
First,
all
the
children
should
be
educated.
Second,
the
government
has
made
efforts
to
improve
the
development
of
economy
greatly.
We
believe
with
the
help
of
the
government
those
people
at
the
bottom
of
the
poverty
list
will
move
out
of
poverty.
?
要点精研·探究学习
1.
measure
vt.
测定;
测量;
评估
The
Index
measures
a
country’s
achievements
in
three
ways:
life
expectancy
(how
long
people
usually
live),
education
and
income.
该指数从三个方面衡量一个国家的成就:
预期寿命(人们通常活多久)、教育和收入。
Sometimes,
the
level
of
success
about
a
book
is
not
measured
by
how
many
people
read
it.
有时一本书的成功不是以有多少人读它来衡量的。
An
official
will
explain
the
measures
the
city
takes
to
care
for
poor
people.
一位官员将会解释这个城市采取照顾贫穷的人们的措施。
The
actor
would
like
to
make
a
coat
to
his
own
measure.
演员想按照自己的尺寸做一件外套。
【词块积累】
(1)measure.
.
.
by.
.
.
用……衡量……
be
measured
by/in
用……来衡量/计算
(2)take
sb.
’s
measure
给某人量尺寸
make.
.
.
to
one’s
measure
依照某人的尺寸做……
take
measures
to
do
sth.
采取措施做某事
【熟词生义】
That
bridge
measures
1
kilometres
long
and
60
metres
wide.
那座桥长1千米,
宽60米。(vi.
面积/体积/尺寸等是)
【链高考·明考向】
(2020·浙江高考)The
scientists
ask
the
volunteers
to
take
the
tests
to
measure
their
mental
ability.
科学家们让志愿者们参加测试来评估他们的智力。
【即学活用】
(1)
用measure的适当形式填空。
①Mrs
Smith
picked
up
a
ruler
and
_________
the
cloth
carefully.
②This
room
________
ten
metres
across.
③At
the
same
time
they
are
taking
strong
________
to
protect
wildlife.
(2)Here
are
clothes
____________________.
?
这些是按你的尺寸定做的衣服。
(3)You
should
__________________a
high
standard.
?
你应当以高标准要求自己。
measured
measures
measures
made
to
your
measure
measure
yourself
by
2.
make
efforts
努力
This
website
is
making
efforts
to
attract
millions
of
online
learners
worldwide.
这个网站正在努力吸引数百万世界各地的网上学习者。
To
succeed
in
Europe,
Huawei
made
great
efforts
over
nearly
two
decades.
为了在欧洲取得成功,
华为在近二十年里做出了很大的努力。
The
man
measured
the
tall
tree
without
effort.
那个人毫不费力地测量了那棵高树。
【词块积累】
make
efforts/an
effort/every
effort
to
do
sth.
/at
doing
sth.
努力做某事
spare
no
effort
不遗余力
without
effort
容易地,
不费力地
with
effort
努力地,
艰难地
【知识延伸】
其他表示尽力做某事的短语或句型还有哪些?
________________________________________________________
________________________________
try/do
one’s
best
to
do
sth.
;
do
all/everything
one
can
to
do
sth.
;
do
what/whatever
one
can
to
do
sth.
?
【即学活用】
(1)I
am
_____________so
I
will
finish
the
work
by
myself
soon.
?
我正在努力,
所以不久后我能独自完成这项工作。
(2)He
is
strong
enough
to
lift
the
heavy
box
____________.
?
他身体很强壮,
可以轻易地提起那个重箱子。
(3)We
will
_____________to
prevent
them
from
taking
this
step.
?
我们会不遗余力地阻止他们采取这一步骤。
(4)My
brother
does
everything
__________.
?
我哥哥努力做好每件事。
making
efforts
without
effort
spare
no
effort
with
effort
3.
position
n.
位置;
职位;
状况;
姿势
Every
football
player
has
his
position
in
the
game.
在比赛中每一位足球运动员都有他的位置。
The
young
man
is
making
efforts
to
hold
the
position
as
a
sales
manager.
?
为了担任销售经理的职位,
那个年轻人正在努力。
As
she
came
to
understand
her
position,
she
turned
stiff
and
cold.
当她渐渐明白自己的处境时,
就变得呆滞、冷漠了。
He
gave
a
clear
and
firm
summary
of
our
position.
他清楚而坚定地概述了我们的立场。
【词块积累】
in
a.
.
.
position
处于……的地位/处境
in/out
of
position
在/不在适当的位置
take
up
one’s
position
就位
hold
a
position
担任职务
【名师点津】
当position,
situation,
stage,
job
等词在句中表示抽象的地点,
且在其后的定语从句中作地点状语时,
用where引导该定语从句。
He
was
in
a
position
where
he
must
find
someone
to
help
him.
他到了非得找人帮忙的地步了。
【熟词生义】
They
want
to
know
the
politician’s
position
on
this
problem.
他们想知道这位政治家对于这个问题的见解。(n.
主张,
见解)
【小词汇·大文化】
Perhaps
happiness
does
not
arrange
the
position,
but
success
must
arrange
the
position.
幸福或许不排名次,
但成功必排名次。
【即学活用】
(1)写出下列句子中position的汉语意思。
①Can
you
find
our
position
on
this
map?
(
)
②She
held
the
position
of
sales
manager
in
a
large
company.
(
)
③Make
sure
that
you
are
working
in
a
comfortable
position.
(
)
④If
you
put
yourself
in
his
position,
you
would
understand
his
choice.
(
)
(2)I’m
sure
you
will
make
greater
achievements
__________________.
?
我相信你在新的工作岗位上一定会取得更大的成就。
位置
职务
姿势
状况;
处境
in
your
new
position
4.
figure
n.
数字
Add
up
the
figures
in
the
form.
把表格里的数字加起来。
As
for
my
favourite
figure
in
Chinese
history,
it
must
be
Wei
Yuan.
至于中国历史上我最喜欢的人物,
那肯定是魏源。
I
could
just
make
out
a
figure
in
the
darkness.
我隐约看见黑暗中有个人影。
【词块积累】
(1)keep
one’s
figure
保持身材
(2)figure
v.
想象;
计算
figure
out
计算出;
理解,
弄明白
figure
up
计算,
把……加起来
【巧学助记】
图片助记figure不同含义
【链高考·明考向】
(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)It
is
difficult
to
figure
out
a
global
population
of
polar
bears.
很难计算出全球北极熊的数量。
【即学活用】
(1)写出下列句子中figure的汉语意思。
①He
is
a
leading
figure
in
the
music
industry.
(
)
②He
went
on
to
graduate
from
college
and
got
a
job,
earning
close
to
six
figures.
(
)
③I
wonder
how
Mary
has
kept
her
figure
after
all
these
years.
(
)
④She
was
frightened
to
see
a
figure
in
the
dark.
(
)
人物
数字
体形
人影
(2)I
can’t
_________what
it
is
that
makes
him
so
sad
recently.
?
我琢磨不透最近什么事让他情绪这么低落。
(3)Taking
exercise
can
_______________.
?
做运动能保持你的体形。
figure
out
keep
your
figure
5.
Norway
is
at
the
top
of
the
list,
while
the
US
is
at
number
7.
挪威高居榜首,
而美国则名列第七。
【句式解构】
while在此句中作并列连词,
意为“然而,
但是”,
表示一种对比转折。while作并列连词时,
总是位于两个并列句的中间。
(2019·江苏高考)Li
suggests
traditional
Chinese
clothes
while
Su
thinks
the
school
uniforms
are
more
suitable.
李建议穿传统的中式服装,
然而苏认为校服更合适。
She
told
me
that
some
of
the
children
lived
with
an
older
lady
in
a
shelter
while
others
slept
on
the
streets.
她告诉我一些孩子和一位老太太住在一个收容所里,
而其他的人睡在街上。
【知识延伸】
(1)while作连词时可以引导时间状语从句,
意为“当……时”,
从句谓语必须用延续性动词。
I
sat
on
the
chair
to
unwrap
the
package
while
he
stood
behind
me.
我坐在椅子上打开包裹,
当时他就站在我身后。
(2)while还可引导让步状语从句,
意为“尽管”,
从句往往位于主句之前。
(2016·江苏高考)While
too
many
couples
grow
apart,
we
were
growing
together.
虽然许多夫妻产生了隔阂,
但我们仍然携手共进。
【即学活用】
(1)I
am
fond
of
music
_____________________________.
?
我喜欢音乐而我弟弟喜欢体育运动。
(2)__________________________________________,
they
got
along
quite
well
in
the
summer
camp.
?
虽然学生们来自不同的国家,
但是他们在夏令营相处得非常好。
(3)The
telephone
rang
_____________________________.
?
我在花园里散步时电话铃响了。
while
my
brother
is
fond
of
sports
While
the
students
came
from
different
countries
while
I
was
walking
in
the
garden
6.
The
bottom
ten
countries
are
all
African
countries,
with
Sierra
Leone
(in
West
Africa)
at
the
bottom
of
the
list.
处于末端的十个国家均是非洲国家,
塞拉利昂(西非)排在最后。?
【句式解构】
(2)with复合结构的常见形式:
with+宾语+doing/done/to
do/介词短语/形容词/
副词
She
came
into
the
room,
with
her
nose
red
because
of
cold.
她走进房间,
鼻子冻得红红的。
With
the
TV
on,
the
tired
man
fell
asleep.
电视机开着,
那个疲惫的人就睡着了。
With
many
things
to
do,
I
had
to
work
overtime
while
my
roommate
went
to
the
cinema
with
his
work
finished.
我有许多事情要做,
所以我不得不加班而我的室友工作已完成去电影院看电影了。
【名师点津】图解with复合结构
【即学活用】
(1)用所给动词的适当形式填空。
①With
so
many
books
_______(read),
I
have
no
time
to
chat
with
you.
?
②The
boy
sat
in
the
room,
with
his
eyes
_____
(fix)
on
the
TV
screen.
③With
prices
_____
(go)
up
so
fast,
we
can’t
afford
an
apartment
in
big
cities.
(2)He
lay
in
bed,
_________________________________.
?
他躺在床上,
用一本英语书盖着他的脸。
(3)The
dog
came,
______________________________.
?
那条狗来了,
嘴里叼着他的手机。
to
read
fixed
going
with
an
English
book
covering
his
face
with
his
mobile
phone
in
its
mouth
7.
However,
in
other
regions
of
the
world,
e.
g.
Eastern
Europe,
water
is
now
mostly
safe
to
drink.
然而,
在世界的其他地区,
如东欧,
现在大部分水是可以安全饮用的。?
【句式解构】
本句中的water
is
now
mostly
safe
to
drink
为固定句型,
本句型可概括为“主语+be+adj.
+动词不定式”。
The
question
is
difficult
to
answer.
这个问题很难回答。
A
good
name
is
easier
to
lose
than
win.
美誉易失不易得。
The
friendly
girl
is
easy
to
get
along
with.
那个友好的女孩容易相处。
【名师点津】“主语+be+adj.
+to
do”句型点拨
(1)常用于该句型的形容词多为表示主语性质、特征的词,
如hard,
difficult,
pleasant,
easy,
comfortable,
interesting等。
(2)动词不定式和主语在逻辑上为动宾关系;
当不定式中的动词为不及物动词时,
要加上适当的介词。
(3)不定式在该句型中用主动形式表示被动意义。
(4)不定式有时会带上自己的逻辑主语。
【即学活用】
(1)The
river
has
been
polluted
and
the
water
is
not
fit
_______.
?
这条河被污染了,
水不能喝。
(2)The
door
________________.
?
这扇门容易测量。
(3)The
baby
___________________because
he
is
always
crying.
?
这个婴儿很难照看,
因为他总是哭。
to
drink
is
easy
to
measure
is
hard
to
take
care
of
【要点拾遗】
1.
make
sure确保;
查明;
弄清楚
Make
sure
that
you
and
your
partner
are
working
together
on
this.
请确保你和你的同伴在这方面齐心协力。
He’ll
pass
the
graduate
entrance
exam
for
sure,
she
thought.
他准能考上研究生,
她想。
I
am
sure
of/about
your
success,
so
never
give
up.
我确信你会成功的,
所以千万不要放弃。
It’s
there,
somewhere
behind
you,
and
you
could
go
back
and
make
sure
of
it.
就在那里,
在你身后的某个地方,
你可以回去,
可以肯定它就在那里。
【词块积累】
make
sure
of/about
确保……
make
sure
that.
.
.
确保……
be
sure
to
do
sth.
一定会做某事,
务必做某事
be
sure
of/about
对……有把握
for
sure/certain
肯定地
【链高考·明考向】
(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)To
make
sure
you
get
enough
Vitamin
D—but
still
protect
your
skin—put
on
sunscreen
right
as
you
head
outside.
为了确保你得到足够的维生素D——但仍然保护你的皮肤——在你出门的时候涂上防晒霜。
【即学活用】
(1)
He
would
call
in
advance
___________there
was
no
alcohol
at
the
party.
?
他会提前打电话确保聚会上没有酒。
(2)____________
his
coming
before
you
set
off.
?
在你出发之前要确定他来。
(3)He
________succeed
and
I
_________this.
?
他一定会成功,
对于这件事我很有把握。
(4)No
one
knows
_______when
advertising
first
started.
?
没有人确切地知道广告是什么时候开始的。
to
make
sure
Make
sure
of
is
sure
to
am
sure
of
for
sure
2.
increase.
.
.
by.
.
.
增加了……
For
example,
in
nine
years
(1953—1962),
China
increased
life
expectancy
by
13
years.
例如,
在九年时间里(1953年至1962年),
中国人均寿命增加了13岁。
There
is
every
prospect
of
closing
the
business
if
the
price
is
reduced
by
3%.
如果价格降低3%,
则很有希望成交。
And
we
have
a
35-hour
work
week
that
we
can
reduce
to
28
hours.
我们一周工作35个小时,
现在可以减到28小时。
【名师点津】
by表示“相差多少”的时候,
常用在increase,
reduce,
rise,
go
up,
drop等表示“增加、减少、上涨、下降”意义的词后或者是作比较的语境中,
to用在这一语境中表示“增加、减少、上升、下降到某种程度”。
【即学活用】
(1)语法填空。
①The
boss
reduced
their
salaries
__
1,
500
yuan.
②Consumer
goods
production
was
to
go
up
___
6.
6
percent
in
that
city.
(2)The
number
of
the
students
in
our
school
________________(增加了50%)
last
year.
?
(3)He
is
taller
than
me
by
5
cm.
译:
__________________
to
by
increased
by
50%
他比我高了5厘米。
3.
up
to直到,
多达(后接表示数量、程度、时间、地点等的名词);
由……决定;
胜任
Make
sure
that
all
children
have
education
up
to
the
age
of
11.
确保达到11岁的孩子都能受教育。
Up
to
now,
some
measures
have
been
taken
to
bring
down
the
housing
price.
到目前为止,
已经采取了一些措施来降低房价。
It’s
up
to
you
to
decide
if
he
is
up
to
the
job.
他是否适合这份工作由你决定。
【即学活用】
(1)写出下列句子中up
to的汉语意思。
①Up
to
fifteen
students
were
late
for
class
today,
which
made
my
teacher
very
angry.
(
)
②—Shall
we
have
red
wine
or
white?
—It’s
up
to
you.
(
)
③We
all
agree
that
he
is
up
to
the
position.
(
)
④What
have
you
been
up
to?
(
)
⑤Up
to
now,
he
hasn’t
finished
his
work.
(
)
高达;
多达
由……决定
胜任
忙于;
做
直到
(2)改错。
It
is
up
for
you
to
decide
when
we
will
start.
(
)
for→to
4.
at
the
top
of
在……顶端
Out
of
breath,
they
stopped
at
the
top
of
the
mountain.
他们在山顶停下来时,
已是上气不接下气。
He
shouted
at
the
top
of
his
voice,
but
no
one
answered.
他大声喊叫,
可是没有一个人回应。
【词块积累】
on
top
of
在……顶部,
紧挨着
from
top
to
bottom
从上到下,
完全地,
彻底
from
top
to
toe
从头到脚;
完全地
at
the
bottom
of
在……底部
【即学活用】
(1)____________the
stairs
stood
the
white-coated
doctors.
?
一群穿着白大褂的医生站在楼梯顶上。
(2)We
cleaned
the
house
_________________.
?
我们把房子彻底打扫了一遍。
(3)Books
were
piled
___________________.
?
书籍一本一本地摞在一起。
(4)
He
suddenly
cried
out
___________________.
?
他突然声嘶力竭地喊叫起来。
At
the
top
of
from
top
to
bottom
on
top
of
one
another
at
the
top
of
his
voice
5.
From
this
agreement
came
the
Human
Development
Report.
由这份协议诞生了《人类发展报告》。?
【句式解构】
本句为完全倒装结构,
该句中介词短语放在句首,
正常语序为:
The
Human
Development
Report
came
from
this
agreement.
Out
of
the
forest
came
an
old
man.
从树林里走出一位老者。
Under
the
table
lay
a
small
dog.
桌子下面躺着一条小狗。
Over
the
hills
in
the
distance
was
a
beautiful
rainbow.
在远处的山上有一条美丽的彩虹。
【名师点津】
当一些表示方位的介词短语或副词,
如up,
down,
out,
in,
here,
there等或表示时间的now,
then等副词位于句首,
句子的主语又是名词时,
句子常用完全倒装结构。主语为代词时则不倒装。
【即学活用】
把下面句子变成完全倒装句。
(1)One
map
with
dozens
of
pictures
hangs
on
the
opposite
wall.
→____________________________________________________?
(2)A
police
car
stopped
in
front
of
the
house.
→____________________________________?
On
the
opposite
wall
hangs
one
map
with
dozens
of
pictures.
In
front
of
the
house
stopped
a
police
car.
6.
These
are
among
the
five
richest
countries
in
the
world,
so
it
is
right
that
they
should
do
so.
?
这几个国家都居世界上最富有的五个国家之列,
所以它们这样做是合情合理的。
【句式解构】
本句中it为形式主语,
真正的主语为that引导的从句,
其句型为:
It+be+adj.
+that从句。常用的形容词有:
obvious,
true,
possible,
probable,
likely,
certain等。
It
is
right
that
we
group
people
by
age.
我们按照年龄把人们分组是正确的。
Nowadays
it
is
common
that
people
are
buying
more
products
than
ever
before
through
the
Internet.
现在,
人们比以前在网上买的东西多了,
这是普遍的。
Is
it
true
that
left-handed
people
are
smarter
than
right-handed
people?
惯用左手的人比惯用右手的人聪明,
这是真的吗?
【知识延伸】
it作非谓语动词的形式主语,
除了“it
+
be
+
形容词
+
不定式”结构外,
还有:
1.
it
+
be
+
名词
+
不定式
It
was
his
duty
to
attend
to
this
matter.
处理这个问题是他的责任。
2.
it
+动词
+
宾语
+
不定式
It
takes
a
lot
of
effort
to
recover
the
system.
恢复系统不是一件容易的事情。
3.
it
+
be
+介词短语
+
不定式
It
is
against
the
law
to
steal.
偷窃是犯法的。
4.
it
+
be
+
名词
+
动名词
(常用的名词有no
good,
no
use,
a
nuisance,
a
waste,
a
wonder
等)
It
is
no
use
doing
a
lot
of
work
without
thoughtful
planning.
没有考虑周到的计划而做一大堆工作是没用的。
【即学活用】
(1)____________
people
move
to
big
cities
to
find
a
job.
?
人们到大城市找工作是正确的。
(2)____________________________
in
50
years
the
only
tiger
in
the
world
will
be
in
zoos.
?
很可能50年后世界上唯一的老虎将在动物园里。
(3)天黑以前赶到那里很困难。
译:
_________________________________
(4)早起会更好。
译:
_______________________?
It’s
right
that
It
is
possible/probable/likely
that
It
is
difficult
to
get
there
before
dark.
?
It
is
better
to
get
up
early.
【拓视野·观天下】
1.
Shanghai
Disneyland
will
introduce
more
measures
including
social
distancing,
mask
wearing
to
ensure
the
safety
of
visitors.
上海迪士尼将会推出更多措施来保证游客安全,
包括保持社交距离和佩戴口罩。
2.
In
low-income
countries,
the
average
density
of
nurses
is
9.
1
per
10,
000
people,
while
the
figure
for
high-income
countries
is
107.
7
per
10,
000
people.
在低收入国家,
平均护士密度是每1万人中有9.
1名护士,
而在高收入国家,
每1万人中有107.
7名护士。
3.
Considering
the
importance
of
ocean
shipping,
which
accounts
for
up
to
90
percent
of
global
cargo
transportation,
Zhou
said
China’s
resilient
transportation
through
its
ports
will
effectively
underpin
the
recovery
of
the
global
supply
chain
after
the
COVID-19
outbreak.
考虑到海运的重要性,
海运在全球货物运输占比中高达90%,
周认为,
中国通过港口的弹性运输将有效地支撑新型冠状病毒肺炎爆发后全球供应链的恢复。
课时检测·素养达标
Ⅰ.
语段填词
1.
It’s
time
for
the
government
to
help
the
farmers
who
suffer
from
_______
(饥饿)
to
move
out
of
_______(贫穷).
2.
With
the
___________(发展)
of
the
Internet,
it
is
not
difficult
to
________
(评估)
the
quantity
of
paper
used.
3.
My
_______
(收入)
is
rather
changeable,
but
I
earn
￡73
a
day
on
average,
which
is
far
from
my
____
(目标)to
earn
￡150
a
day.
hunger
poverty
development
measure
income
goal
4.
Such
a
_______(位置)
is
usually
offered
to
a
person
________(教育)
in
a
key
university.
5.
As
is
shown
by
the
______
(数字)
in
the
table,
_______(人类)
are
destroying
nature
day
by
day.
educated
position
figure
humans
Ⅱ.
根据语境选择适当的短语填空
up
to,
at
the
top
of,
take
measures,
make
efforts,
out
of
poverty,
at
the
bottom
of,
in
my
opinion,
make
progress,
agree
to,
make
sure
1.
China
is
willing
to
___________to
continually
deepen
this
type
of
friendship.
?
2.
Cronshaw,
making
an
exception
in
their
favor,
________eat
their
food.
?
3.
You
studied
hard
and
_____________every
day.
?
4.
___________the
hill
you
looked
down
on
the
peaceful
landscape.
?
make
efforts
agreed
to
made
progress
At
the
top
of
5.
The
book
I
want
is
right
______________the
pile.
?
6.
After
three
days
of
observation,
they
found
out
why
the
dam
was
sinking
and
_____________to
stop
it.
?
7.
The
bills
add
_____exactly
$100.
?
8.
He
_________that
he
knew
every
word
by
heart
before
he
took
the
exam.
?
9.
_____________,
this
is
the
best
way
to
handle
the
situation.
?
10.
To
achieve
genuine
political
independence,
a
country
must
lift
itself
____________.
?
at
the
bottom
of
took
measures
up
to
made
sure
In
my
opinion
out
of
poverty
Ⅲ.
根据提示完成句子
1.
News
reports
say
peace
talks
between
the
two
countries
have
broken
down
________________________.
?
新闻报道说两个国家的和平谈判失败了,
没有达成协议。(with的复合结构)
2.
_________________________________________.
?
在动物园门口是两座老虎雕像。(完全倒装)
3.
____________________________.
?
这些玩具很难选择。(主语+be+adj.
+动词不定式)
4.
Europe
has
a
lot
of
industry
___________________.
?
欧洲有很多工业,
然而非洲几乎没有。(while)
with
no
agreement
reached
At
the
gate
of
the
zoo
were
two
tiger
sculptures
The
toys
are
very
hard
to
choose
while
Africa
has
little
Ⅳ.
课文短文改错
In
the
year
2000,
147
world
leaders
agree
to
work
together
to
reduce
poverty
by
2015
or
earlier.
They
came
to
an
agreement
who
is
the
Human
Development
Report.
One
of
the
most
important
section
of
this
report
is
the
Human
Development
Index,
which
examines
the
achievements
of
175
countries.
The
2003
Human
Development
Report
gives
examples
of
success
development.
For
example,
in
nine
years
(1953—1962),
China
increased
life
expectancy
to
13
years.
In
the
last
ten
years
in
China,
150
million
people
moved
out
poverty.
However,
the
challenges
are
still
great.
Every
day
799
million
people
in
developed
countries
are
hungry.
Over
half
of
these
are
in
South
Asia
or
Africa.
Although
more
than
80%
of
children
in
developing
countries
goes
to
primary
school,
about
115
million
children
are
not
being
educated.
More
than
1
billion
people
in
developing
countries
do
not
drink
more
safe
water.
However,
in
other
regions
of
the
world,
e.
g.
Eastern
Europe,
water
is
now
most
safe
to
drink.
答案:(共59张PPT)
Module
2
Developing
and
Developed
Countries
Integrating
Skills
词汇知识·自主学习
Ⅰ.
用本模块恰当的单词补全语境
1.
a
________
(无家可归的)man
2.
a
________
(拥挤的)bus
3.
feel
___________
(不幸的)
4.
look
_____(漂亮的;
整洁的)
5.
a
____(巨大的)
desert
6.
the
_______
(位置)
of
the
landmark
7.
develop
_______(旅游业)
8.
public
_________(交通)
system
homeless
crowded
unfortunate
smart
vast
location
tourism
transport
9.
visit
an
_________(工业的)
city
10.
provide
children
with
a
lot
of
_____________
(娱乐)
11.
find
the
_________(相似点)
between
the
two
12.
clean
the
________
(被污染的)river?
13.
________(交换)
of
gifts
industrial
entertainment
similarity
polluted
exchange
Ⅱ.
根据语境选用方框中适当的短语填空
be
connected
with,
be
close
to,
in
particular,
find
out,
of
similar
size,
such
as,
as
a
result
1.
The
boy
_______________the
fight
so
he
will
be
punished.
?
2.
_________nature
and
you
will
feel
happy.
?
3.
She
ate
fewer
meals
and
lost
17
kilograms
in
weight
_________!
?
4.
The
girl
likes
watching
films,
romantic
films
___________.
?
5.
I
wouldn’t
see
another
chance
_______this
in
my
lifetime.
?
6.
I
bought
two
pairs
of
shoes
____________.
?
7.
They
want
to
_______whether
there
exists
a
hotel
under
the
sea.
?
is
connected
with
Be
close
to
as
a
result
in
particular
such
as
of
similar
size
find
out
翻译课文原句并观察黑体部分
1.
Town
twinning
is
not
a
new
idea,
but
it
has
become
more
popular
in
recent
years
because
it’s
now
easier
to
find
out
about
and
visit
other
countries
and
towns.
姊妹城并不是新思维,
但是这种做法在最近几年更加流行,
因为
_____________________________________
2.
There
are
visits
and
exchanges
between
schools,
theatre
groups
and
sports
teams.
学校、剧团、体育团队之间_____________________。
现在查询以及访问其他的城镇更容易了。
都有些访问和交流活动
3.
This
is
because
living
with
a
foreign
family
for
one
or
two
weeks
means
that
you
have
to
speak
their
language,
and
as
a
result
you
improve
fast.
_________和一个外国家庭住一两个星期意味着你必须讲他们的语言,
___________,
你的外语水平很快就提高了。
这是因为
自然而然地
要点精研·探究学习
1.
crowded
adj.
拥挤的
Is
Hong
Kong
less
crowded
than
Beijing?
香港没有北京那么拥挤吗?
The
park
is
not
very
crowded
before
6:
00
pm
because
those
who
dance
haven’t
come.
因为跳舞的人还没来,
所以下午6点前公园不是很拥挤。
(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)The
city
was
crowded
with
disappointed
people
with
no
interest
in
settling
down.
城市里挤满了失望的人们,
他们不想在这里定居。
Thousands
of
Mexican
fans
crowded
in
the
streets
cheering
for
their
team’s
victory.
成千上万名墨西哥球迷聚集在街道上为他们的球队获胜而欢呼。
【词块积累】
(1)be
crowded
with 挤满……
(2)crowd
n.
人群;
群众;
v.
挤满,
塞满;
使……拥挤
crowd
into
大批涌入
crowds
of/a
crowd
of
许多
follow
the
crowd
随大流
in
crowds
成群,
大群地
【巧学助记】
Crowds
of
people
crowded
into
the
crowded
exhibition.
成群的人挤进了拥挤的展览会。
【链高考·明考向】
2019·全国卷Ⅰ)
Does
Kilimanjaro
deserve
its
reputation
as
a
crowded
mountain
with
lines
of
tourists
ruining
the
atmosphere
of
peace?
山上游览者成群结队,
破坏了平静的氛围,
乞力马扎罗山是否能不负盛誉?
【即学活用】
(1)
用crowd的适当形式填空。
①The
road
becomes
________
when
school
is
over.
②The
singer
on
the
stage
waved
hello
to
_______
of
people.
③Some
________
in
to
buy
the
advertised
products
as
soon
as
the
supermarket
opened.
(2)The
school
gate
____________________who
pick
up
children,
at
11
am
every
day.
?
每天上午11点校门口挤满接孩子的人们。
crowded
crowds
crowded
is
crowded
with
people
2.
exchange
n.
交换;
交流 v.
交换;
兑换
There
are
visits
and
exchanges
between
schools,
theatre
groups
and
sports
teams.
学校、
剧团以及体育团队之间都有访问和交流活动。
It
has
been
two
weeks
since
you
came
to
our
school
for
the
exchange
program.
自从你们来到我们学校参加交流活动已有两周了。
In
the
crowded
street,
we
saw
some
people
exchanging
ideas
about
how
to
widen
it.
在那条拥挤的街道上,
我们看到一些人关于怎样拓宽它正在交流意见。
They
gave
me
an
electronic
dictionary
in
exchange
for
my
MP5.
他们给我一本电子词典来交换我的MP5。
【词块积累】
(1)make
an
exchange
交换
in
exchange
(for.
.
.
)
作为(……的)交换
(2)exchange
sth.
for
sth.
用某物交换某物
exchange
sth.
with
sb.
与某人交换某物
【巧学助记】
双向的exchange
【小词汇·大文化】
You
use
a
percentage
exchange,
efforts
and
success
will
not
clinch
a
deal.
你用一百分的努力和成功做交换,
没有不成交的。
【即学活用】
(1)语法填空。
①I
shook
hands
and
__________(exchange)a
few
words
with
the
manager.
②I
wonder
if
you
have
exchanged
some
pounds____
dollars.
③I’ve
offered
to
paint
the
kitchen
__
exchange
for
a
week’s
accommodation.
(2)__________________
from
America
wants
to
_____________________
how
to
learn
Chinese
_______.
?
一位来自美国的交换生想和我交流怎样学好汉语的想法。
exchanged
for
in
An
exchange
student
exchange
his
idea
about
with
me
3.
be
connected
with
与……有联系;
与……有关
Enough
sleep
is
connected
with
health.
充足的睡眠和健康有关。
Success
is
in
connection
with
the
higher
levels
of
self-control.
成功和较高的自控有关。
He
has
no
connection
with
the
exchange
of
tickets.
他和这次换票没关系。
【词块积累】
(1)connect
A
to
B
把A连接到B上
connect
sb.
with
sth.
把某人与某事联系在一起
be
connected
to.
.
.
与……相连
(2)connection
n.
联系
in
connection
with
与……有关
have
(no)
connection
with.
.
.
与……(没)有联系
【知识延伸】表示“和……有关”的短语还有:
be
related
to,
be
associated
with,
be
linked
to,
have
something
to
do
with。
【即学活用】
(1)
语法填空。
①Connect
the
two
pictures
____
a
line.
②Connect
the
computer
__
the
Internet.
(2)
一句多译。
你的疾病和你的饮食有关。
①Your
illness
_______________your
diet.
?
②Your
illness
__________________your
diet.
?
③Your
illness
_________________your
diet.
?
with
to
is
connected
with
is
in
connection
with
has
connection
with
4.
This
is
because
living
with
a
foreign
family
for
one
or
two
weeks
means
that
you
have
to
speak
their
language,
and
as
a
result
you
improve
fast.
这是因为在一个外国家庭中生活上一两周意味着你必须讲他们的语言。因此,
你的语言能力提高得很快。?
【句式解构】
本句为and连接的并列句。在第一个分句中含有because引导的表语从句,
在表语从句中又含有that引导的宾语从句。
My
father
warned
me
not
to
go
to
the
West
Coast.
That’s
because
it
was
crowded
with
tourists.
我父亲提醒我不要去西海岸。那是因为(那儿)挤满了游客。
=The
West
Coast
was
crowded
with
tourists.
That’s
why
my
father
warned
me
not
to
go
there.
【名师点津】
where,
why,
because,
how等引导的从句在This
is/That
is的句型中作表语,
表示具体的地点、原因、方式等。
This
is
how
I
started
thinking
about
it.
这是我开始思考这个问题时所用的方式。
That
is
where
you
have
made
a
mistake.
那就是你的错误之处。
That’s
just
it.
That’s
why
I
was
hoping
you’d
be
able
to
help
me
out.
就是这样。那就是为什么我希望你能帮我。
Tom
was
late
for
work
this
morning.
That
is
because
he
overslept.
汤姆今天早晨上班迟到了,
那是因为他睡过头了。
【即学活用】
句型转换。
I
have
to
see
the
doctor
because
I
have
been
coughing
a
lot
lately.
→I
have
to
see
the
doctor.
_____________I
have
been
coughing
a
lot
lately.
?
→I
have
been
coughing
a
lot
lately.
__________I
have
to
see
the
doctor.
?
→______________I
have
to
see
the
doctor
is
that
I
have
been
coughing
a
lot
lately.
?
This
is
because
This
is
why
The
reason
why
【要点拾遗】
1.
transport
n.
交通工具,
交通(系统)
v.
运输
Meanwhile
we
must
do
a
good
job
in
transport
and
communication.
同时我们要搞好交通运输和通讯工作。
In
Hong
Kong,
Chow
Yun-fat
can
be
seen
taking
public
transport
and
lining
up
for
tickets
to
watch
his
own
movie
sometimes.
在香港,
有时看到周润发乘坐公共交通工具并排队买票观看自己的电影。
Cars,
buses,
trains
and
ships
are
means
of
transport.
汽车、公共汽车、火车和轮船是交通工具。
A
helicopter
was
used
to
transport
the
wounded.
一架直升机被用来运送伤员。
【词块积累】
transportation
n.
运输;
运输系统
transport
sb.
/sth.
from
.
.
.
to.
.
.
从某处运送某人(物)去某处
【易混辨析】
transport
“交通”,
指运输工具、交通工具以及和运输相关的内容
traffic
“交通”,
指街上的行人车马,
着重数量的多少。“交通拥挤;
交通中断”中的交通都用traffic一词
【即学活用】(1)语法填空。
①Cycling
is
an
absolutely
energy-saving
means
of
_____________(transport).
②So
far
quantities
of
drinking
water
____________________(transport)
to
the
flooded
area.
?
(2)I
normally
travel
_________________.
?
我出门通常乘坐公共交通工具。
(3)It
took
all
day
to
___________________the
school.
?
把书运到学校用了整整一天。
(4)He
got
home
late
________________________.
?
他回家晚是因为交通拥挤。
transportation
have
been
transported
by
public
transport
transport
the
books
to
because
of
the
heavy
traffic
2.
similarity
n.
类似;
相似
Which
word
means
the
opposite
of
difference?
Similarity
哪个单词是“difference”
(不同)
的反义词?
“Similarity(相似)”。
The
two
means
of
transport
have
many
similarities.
这两种交通工具有很多相似的地方。
American
cities
are
similar
to
other
cities
around
the
world.
美国城市和世界上的其他城市相似。
When
the
parents
are
lazy,
their
children
are
similarly
lazy.
父母懒惰时,
他们的孩子同样也会懒惰。
【词块积累】
(1)similar
adj.
相似的
be
similar
to.
.
.
和……相似
be
similar
in.
.
.
在某方面相似
(2)similarly
adv.
相似地
【即学活用】
(1)用similar的适当形式填空。
①What
is
the
possible
_________
between
chemistry
and
biochemistry?
②________,
restaurant
tables
can
cause
no
end
of
problems.
(2)改错。
His
views
are
similar
with
mine
in
banning
students
from
using
the
mobile
phone
in
school.
(
)
similarity
Similarly
with改为to
3.
be
close
to
接近;
靠近
Tourism
is
important
to
both
of
them,
and
they
are
both
close
to
some
of
the
most
beautiful
countryside
in
the
region.
对于两个城镇来说,
旅游业都很重要,
而且它们与当地一些十分美丽的乡村挨得很近。
(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)
Already
well
over
400
of
the
total
of
6,
800
languages
are
close
to
extinction.
总共6
800种语言中,
几乎400多种接近消失。
We
should
seize
every
opportunity
to
get
close
to
the
masses.
我们要抓住一切机会来接近群众。
Come
close
and
watch
him
closely.
靠近点,
仔细观察他。
【词块积累】
(1)close
adj.
亲密的;
亲近的;
紧密的
adv.
接近地,
紧密地
v.
关;
结束;
靠近
get
close
to.
.
.
接近……
be
close
to
与……关系密切
(2)closely
adv.
亲密地;
密切地;
仔细地
【即学活用】
(1)_________________
and
study
it
______.
?
靠近那只猫,
仔细地研究它。
(2)When
we
__________________,
we
can
watch
the
gold
fish
______.
?
当我们靠近河流时,
我们能仔细地观察那些金鱼。
(3)(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)I
figured
whoever
lost
the
dog
was
probably
just
___________as
I
am
to
my
dogs.
?
我认为丢了狗的人很可能就像我与我的狗一样关系亲密。
Get
close
to
the
cat
closely
are
close
to
the
river
closely
as
close
to
it
4.
It’s
an
agreement
between
towns
or
cities
of
similar
size
and
age,
and
which
have
similar
features
such
as
tourism,
industry,
culture
and
entertainment.
?
它是那些规模和年代相似的城镇或城市之间的一种协议,
它们有相似的特征,
如旅游业、工业、文化和娱乐。
【句式解构】
(1)该句为复合句,
其中介词短语of
similar
size
and
age以及which引导的定语从句都作定语修饰towns
or
cities。
(2)of
+
a(n)/the
same/adj.
+
n.
结构,
在句中充当定语,
指某物或某人属于或具有(某种特征、情感、品质等)。常用于这个句型的名词有:
size,
length,
height,
width,
weight,
colour,
age,
kind,
type等。该结构还可在句中充当表语。
(3)在此结构中的抽象名词还可用importance,
use,
significance,
benefit,
help,
interest,
value,
courage,
fame,
nature,
beauty,
wealth等,
名词前可以加much,
great,
little,
some,
any,
no等表示程度。
Suzhou
and
Hangzhou
are
two
cities
of
similar
size,
which
are
well-known
for
the
beautiful
scenery.
苏州和杭州是两个规模差不多的城市,
它们都以美丽的风景著名。
Two
boys
of
the
same
age
joined
in
the
activity
which
was
held
in
our
school.
两个年龄一样的男孩参加了在我们学校举办的活动。
【即学活用】
(1)She
bought
two
shirts
______________________.
?
她买了两件大小颜色相同的衬衫。
(2)He
decides
to
compare
the
products
___________________________
at
different
prices
online.
?
他决定比较在网上不同价格同一种类的产品。
(3)He
gave
me
some
information
__________.
?
他给了我一些很有用的信息。
of
the
same
size
and
color
of
the
same
kind
which
are
sold
of
great
use
课时检测·素养达标
Ⅰ.
语段填词
1.
This
_______
(慈善团体)is
a
non-profit
organization,
which
gives
a
hand
to
the
________
(无家可归的)people.
2.
It
was
just
___________
(不幸的)that
he
phoned,
saying
he
was
stuck
in
a
________(拥挤的)
street
exactly
as
our
guests
were
arriving.
3.
There
is
some
_________
(相似)in
the
way
the
__________(居民)
________
(交换)presents.
charity
homeless
unfortunate
crowded
similarity
inhabitants
exchange
4.
The
seriously
________
(受到污染的)lake
in
the
_________
(工业的)
city
needs
to
be
cleaned
if
it
wants
to
develop
_______(旅游业).
5.
Bicycles
are
a
cheap
form
of
_________(交通工具).
They
can
help
people
save
____(巨大的)
amounts
of
money.
6.
The
map
shows
the
_______
(位置,
所在地)where
radio,
television
and
other
forms
of
_____________
(娱乐)are
offered.
7.
The
waste
water
is
being
poured
into
the
river,
which
makes
it
seriously
________
(污染).
polluted
industrial
tourism
transport
vast
location
entertainment
polluted
Ⅱ.
根据语境和汉语提示用合适的短语填空
1.
I
gave
Emily
an
apple
______________(交换)my
favorite
banana.
?
2.
To
my
surprise,
his
hat
___________(与……相似)
mine.
?
3.
As
far
as
I
know,
his
house
_________(靠近)
the
factory.
?
4.
Are
you
doing
anything
___________(特别)
this
weekend?
?
5.
Caught
in
heavy
rain,
Martin
had
a
high
fever.
__________(结果),
he
was
sent
to
hospital.
?
in
exchange
for
is
similar
to
is
close
to
in
particular
As
a
result
6.
The
police
should
_____________(采取措施)to
search
for
the
murderer.
?
7.
I’d
like
to
_____
my
happiness
and
sorrow
____
(与……分享)you.
8.
Studies
show
that
lung
cancer
__
closely
_____________(与……有联系)
smoking.
?
take
measures
share
with
is
connected
with
Ⅲ.
完成句子
1.
________________________________________________________?
他说的一点儿也不重要。
2.
He
made
one
big
mistake,
and,
_________,
lost
his
job.
?
他犯了个大错,
结果丢了工作。
3.
The
boy
gave
his
sister
an
orange
________________________.
?
男孩给了他妹妹一个橘子,
换了一个月饼。
4.
The
two
shirts
are
much
______________.
?
这两件衬衫大小一样。
What
he
said
is
of
no
importance.
/What
he
said
is
not
important.
as
a
result
in
exchange
for
a
mooncake
of
the
same
size
Ⅳ.
课文语法填空
How
are
Oxford
in
the
UK
and
Grenoble
in
France
similar?
Well,
they
are
both
medium-sized
towns
of
between
100,
000
1.
________
200,
000
inhabitants.
Tourism
is
of
2.
________(important)
to
both
of
them.
But
they
share
many
other
3.
________
(similar).
Besides,
they
have
a
town
twinning
agreement.
?
Town
twinning
is
not
a
new
idea,
but
it
4.
________(become)
more
popular
in
recent
years.
It’s
5.
________
agreement
between
towns
or
cities
of
similar
size
and
age,
and
6.
________
have
similar
features
such
as
tourism,
industry,
culture
and
7.
________(
entertain).
?
Town
twinning
agreements
encourage
people
from
the
two
towns
8.
________(visit)
each
other.
Visitors
from
the
foreign
town
9.
________
(
usual)
stay
in
the
private
homes
of
the
town
they
are
visiting.
They
can
also
help
students
and
people
who
want
to
practise
10.
________(speak)
another
language.
?
答案:
1.
and 2.
importance 3.
similarities 4.
has
become 5.
an
6.
which 7.
entertainment 8.
to
visit 9.
usually 10.
speaking
话题写作·表达升级
对比类说明文
【文体感知】
对比类说明文通常通过对两种或两种以上的不同事物,
或者同一种事物的不同情况进行比较,
从而得出结论。写对比性的文章,
只要把两个事物描述清楚即可,
但是需要注意描写的顺序。一般来说有两种顺序:
第一种是分开描述两个事物,
把其中一个写完之后,
再写另一个;
第二种是同时描述两个事物,
就某一方面进行对比。
【典题演练】
假如你是李华,
在英国伦敦深造已经一年,
现在给国内的好友李明写一封100词左右的电子邮件,
谈一谈伦敦与北京的异同。
要点如下:
伦敦:
汽车靠左行;
很多人开车上班;
阴天多;
每周工作五天;
懂汉语的人少;
学生学习轻松。
北京:
汽车靠右行;
多数人乘公交车或地铁上班;
晴天多;
每周工作五天;
懂英语的人多;
学生学习勤奋。
【谋篇立意】
【遣词造句】
1.
完成句子
(1)自从我来伦敦深造已经一年了。
I
came
to
London
_______________a
year
ago.
?
(2)现在我想告诉你伦敦和北京的不同。
Now
I
want
to
_____________________________London
and
Beijing.
?
(3)在这里汽车靠左行驶,
而在我们国家汽车靠右行驶。
Here
cars
are
driven
_______________________,
but
in
our
country
______________.
?
for
further
study
tell
you
some
differences
between
on
the
left
side
of
the
road
on
the
right
side
(4)这里很多人开车上班。
Many
people
here
go
to
work
______.
?
(5)而在北京,
多数人乘公交车或地铁上班。
However,
most
people
in
Beijing
go
to
work
_______________________.
?
2.
句式升级
(6)用since从句改写(1)句。
_____________________________________________?
(7)用while合并(4)、(5)句。
__________________________________________________________________
________________________
by
car
by
bus
or
by
underground
It
is
a
year
since
I
came
to
London
for
further
study.
Many
people
here
go
to
work
by
car,
while
most
people
in
Beijing
go
to
work
by
bus
or
by
underground.
?
【完美成篇】
Dear
Li
Ming,
How
time
flies!
It
is
a
year
since
I
came
to
London
for
further
study.
Now
I
want
to
tell
you
some
differences
between
London
and
Beijing.
Here
cars
are
driven
on
the
left
side
of
the
road,
but
in
our
country
on
the
right
side.
Many
people
here
go
to
work
by
car,
while
most
people
in
Beijing
go
to
work
by
bus
or
by
underground.
The
climate
of
Beijing
is
much
better
than
that
of
London.
The
weather
in
Beijing
is
fine
for
long
periods,
but
London
has
so
many
cloudy
days.
People
here
work
five
days
a
week
just
as
in
Beijing.
Students
here
don’t
make
full
use
of
their
time
and
very
few
people
know
Chinese.
Students
in
Beijing
work
hard
at
their
lessons
and
many
people
can
speak
English.
That’s
all.
Best
wishes
to
you.
Yours,
Li
Hua
【话题拓展】
1.
话题词汇
(1)however
然而
(2)similar
类似的
(3)same
相同的
(4)different
不同的
(5)share分享
(6)though/although/while虽然
(7)as.
.
.
as.
.
.
和……一样……
(8)bigger
than比……大
2.
话题句式
(1)表达比较:
①Hong
Kong
is
more
crowded
than
Shanghai.
香港比上海更加拥挤。
②Sydney
has
less
rain
than
Guangzhou.
悉尼比广州的降雨少。
③The
two
have
many
things
in
common.
这两个有许多共同点。
④They
are
similar
to
each
other
in
size
and
shape.
它们在大小和形状方面相似。
(2)表达让步和转折:
①Though
the
city
has
many
attractive
things,
it
is
too
crowded.
虽然城市有很多吸引人的东西,
但它太拥挤了。
②The
climate
here
is
dry
while
the
climate
in
my
hometown
is
wet.
这儿的气候是干燥的,
然而我家乡的气候是潮湿的。(共28张PPT)
Module
2
Developing
and
Developed
Countries
Grammar
语法精讲·探究学习
连词
【情境探究】
观察上面对话,
并用适当的副词和连词填空:
_________
there
is
less
poverty,
life
expectancy
is
still
very
low.
=
There
is
less
poverty,
___
life
expectancy
is
still
very
low.
=
There
is
less
poverty.
________,
life
expectancy
is
still
very
low.
Although
but
However
【要义详析】
连词是连接单词、短语、从句或句子的一种虚词,
在句中不单独作任何成分,
但大多数连接词都有具体的意义和用法。本模块主要学习表示转折关系的连词but,
however,
although/though,
while
等。
1.
however和but。
二者词义相同,
意为“然而;
但是”,
都表示转折关系。
(1)however用作副词时,
意为“然而;
可是;
不过”,
用以引出令人吃惊或表示对比的话语,
可以放在句首、句中或句末,
但要用逗号与其他部分隔开。
I’d
like
to
go
with
you;
however,
my
hands
are
full.
我很想和你一起去,
可是我太忙了。
She
felt
ill.
She
went
to
work,
and
tried
to
concentrate,
however.
她病了,
然而她照旧去上班,
并且尽力集中精力工作。
(2019·江苏高考)The
question,
however,
is
whether
this
is
what
the
developing
countries
need
the
most.
然而,
问题是这是否是发展中国家最需要的。
(2)but用作并列连词,
常用来连接两个并列的句子或一个句子中的两个并列成分,
表示强烈的对比、转折,
两个并列成分之间可以用逗号隔开,
也可以不用,
but后面不加逗号。
(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)
I
pay
￡5
for
a
portion,
but
Matt
makes
them
for
26p
a
portion.
我用5英镑买一份食品,
而Matt只用了26便士便做到了。
I
had
invited
everyone
to
come
to
the
party
but
only
a
few
came.
我邀请了所有的人来参加宴会,
但是只来了几个人。
【名师点津】
①however作连词时,
表示“无论如何,
不管怎样”,
相当于no
matter
how,
引导让步状语从句,
从句可放在主句之前或之后。常构成:
however/no
matter
how+
adj.
/adv.
+主语+谓语。
However/No
matter
how
hard
you
try,
it
is
difficult
to
lose
weight
without
cutting
down
the
amount
you
eat.
不管你多么努力,
如果不减少饭量,
减肥很难。
He
tries
his
best
to
solve
the
problem,
however
difficult
it
is.
他尽力解决这个问题,
不管它有多困难。
②but作连词还可用于“I’m
sorry/Excuse
me,
but.
.
.
”句式中表示歉意,
but本身没有意义。
I’m
sorry,
but
I
can’t
help
you
with
the
problem.
很抱歉,
我不能帮你解决这个问题。
【即学活用】用but和however填空。
(1)We
laugh
at
jokes,
___seldom
do
we
think
about
how
they
work.
(2)For
many
years,
people
have
dreamed
of
electric
cars.
________,
making
them
has
been
difficult.
(3)(2018?浙江高考
)We
have
all
heard
how
time
is
more
valuable
than
money,
___
is
it
possible
to
have
too
much
time?
(4)(2018?浙江高考
)________,
longer-lasting
reusable
bags
often
require
more
energy
to
make.
but
However
but
However
2.
although和though。
(1)although和though都是引导让步状语从句的从属连词,
意为“尽管,
虽然”,
一般情况下可以互换使用,
但although较正式,
多用于句首,
而though在非正式语体中较为普遍。although和though都不能和并列连词but连用,
但可以和yet或still连用(因为yet和still是副词而不是连词)。
Although
he
is
known
to
only
a
few,
his
reputation
among
them
is
very
great.
虽然知道他的人不多,
但他在这些人中名声却很响。
(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)Though
it
may
appear
simple,
it
requires
a
lot
of
ideas
and
efforts.
虽然它看起来简单,
但它需要很多想法和努力。
Although/Though
these
measures
are
not
effective
forever,
they
are
vital
for
now.
虽然这些措施并不能永远有效,
但它们目前是至关重要的。
(2)though引导让步状语从句时可用部分倒装形式,
其用法相当于as,
把从句中的表语、状语或动词原形置于句首;
若表语是可数名词单数,
前置时要省略不定冠词。
Hot
as/though
the
night
air
was,
we
slept
deeply
because
we
were
so
tired
after
the
long
journey.
夜晚的空气虽然很热,
但因为长途旅行之后很累,
我们睡得很沉。
Child
though/as
she
is,
she
knows
a
lot.
虽然还是个孩子,
她却懂得很多。
【名师点津】
(1)though还可以充当副词,
表示“然而”,
位于句中或句末,
相当于however。although没有此用法。
(2)though引导的从句可以用倒装,
although引导的从句不可以。
【即学活用】
(1)改错。
①Though
we
are
poor,
but
we
are
still
happy.
(
)
②Try
although
I
might,
I
couldn’t
lift
the
stone.
(
)
(2)一句多译。
虽然我努力学习,
但仍然没有通过考试。
①____________________________,
I
still
failed
my
examination.
?
②I
studied
hard,
____________________________.
?
③____________________,
I
still
failed
my
examination.
?
去掉but
although→though/as
Although/Though
I
studied
hard
but
I
still
failed
my
examination
Hard
though
I
studied
3.
while的用法
while表示“然而”时,
通常连接后半句,
强调前后内容的对比。while作连词时用法较多,
主要有以下几种含义:
(1)while用作从属连词引导让步状语从句,
表示“虽然,
尽管”,
可与although或though替换,
此时while位于句首。
(2019·浙江高考)While
restaurants
throw
away
tons
of
food
each
year,
much
of
it
remains
inaccessible
because
of
locked
garbage
containers,
health
regulations,
or
business
policies.
虽然每年饭店浪费大量食物,
由于上锁的垃圾桶、健康法规或商业政策,
无法得到很多扔掉的食物。
While
he
loves
his
students,
he
is
very
strict
with
them.
虽然他爱他的学生,
可是他对他们很严格。
(2)while作并列连词表转折,
强调前后句的对比关系,
意为“然而”,
此时while不能位于句首。
Waving
one’s
hand
is
to
say
“Goodbye”.
Nodding
the
head
means
agreement,
while
shaking
it
means
disagreement.
挥手表示再见。点头表示同意,
而摇头表示不同意。
There’s
plenty
of
rain
in
the
southeast,
while
there’s
little
in
the
northwest.
东南部雨量充足,
而西北部则很少下雨。
(3)while引导时间状语从句,
意为“当……时候”,
此时while相当于during
the
time
that.
.
.
,
从句中的谓语动词通常是延续性动词的进行时或状态动词,
不可用短暂性动词。
I
learned
a
lot
of
French
while
I
was
in
Paris.
在巴黎时我学了很多法语。
【即学活用】
(1)(2020·天津高考)You
might
find
it
relaxing
to
bring
your
small
kid
to
a
half-hour
Story
Time
while
you
sit
quietly
in
a
corner
with
a
good
book.
译:
_______________________________________________________________
_____________________
(2)(2018?浙江高考
)And
while
plastic
bags
may
be
ugly
to
look
at,
they
represent
a
small
percentage
of
all
garbage
on
the
ground
today.
译:
__________________________________________________________________
当你静静地坐在角落里,
拿着一本好书,
带着你的孩子听半个小时的故事,
你可能会觉得很放松。
而且虽然塑料袋可能看起来很难看,
但它们仅占今天地面垃圾的一小部分。
(3)(2018?全国卷Ⅱ)Corn
production
has
jumped
nearly
125
percent
over
the
past
25
years,
while
rice
has
increased
only
7
percent.
译:
_____________________________________________________________
在过去的25年中,
玉米的产量增长了近125%,
然而水稻只增长了7%。
课时检测·素养达标
Ⅰ.
单句改错
1.
He
is
usually
careful.
But,
this
time
he
made
a
big
mistake.
(
)
2.
Although
the
sun
was
shining,
but
it
wasn’t
very
warm.
(
)
3.
Some
waste
food
however
others
don’t
have
enough
to
eat.
(
)
4.
However
it
rained
hard,
they
went
on
hiking.
(
)
5.
Child
although
he
is,
he
knows
a
lot
about
electricity.
(
)
But→However
去掉but
however→while
However→Although/Though
although→as/though
6.
Sailing
in
rough
weather
can
be
very
unpleasant.
But,
we
found
it
exciting.
(
)
7.
He
is
a
shy
man,
so
he
is
not
afraid
of
anything
or
anyone.
(
)
8.
He
tried
his
best
to
solve
the
problem,
although
difficult
it
was.
(
)
But→However
so→but
although→however
Ⅱ.
同义句转换
1.
Although
she
is
clever,
she
doesn’t
study
very
hard.
→Clever
_________
she
is,
she
doesn’t
study
very
hard.
2.
He
knew
all
his
friends
would
be
there,
but
he
didn’t
want
to
go.
→He
knew
all
his
friends
would
be
there,
he
didn’t
want
to
go,
______________.
3.
While
I
don’t
like
pop
music
very
much,
I
think
this
song
by
Jay
Chou
sounds
beautiful.
→________________
I
don’t
like
pop
music
very
much,
I
think
this
song
by
Jay
Chou
sounds
beautiful.
though/as
though/however
Although/Though
4.
Some
are
for
the
plan;
on
the
other
hand,
others
are
against
it.
→Some
are
for
the
plan
_____
others
are
against
it.
5.
We
had
cold
weather
during
our
holiday,
though
it
was
already
June.
→We
had
cold
weather
during
our
holiday.
It
was
already
June,
_______.
6.
We
wanted
to
go
out
but
it
rained.
→We
wanted
to
go
out.
________,
it
rained.
7.
Cold
though
it
is,
I’m
going
out
for
a
walk.
→________________
it
is
cold,
I’m
going
out
for
a
walk.
while
though
However
Though/Although
8.
While
I
quite
understand
why
he
refused
to
help
her,
I
can’t
agree
that
he
was
right
to
do
so.
→________________
I
quite
understand
why
he
refused
to
help
her,
I
can’t
agree
that
he
was
right
to
do
so.
9.
You
may
be
right.
However,
I
still
want
to
do
what
I
planned.
→You
may
be
right.
____
I
still
want
to
do
what
I
planned.
10.
I
ate
some
bread
while
I
waited.
→I
ate
some
bread
_______
I
waited.
Though/Although
But
when/as
【语法主题应用】
根据提示运用恰当的连接词翻译下面语段。
中国仍然是一个发展中国家,
但自建国以来取得了巨大的进步(but)。虽然中国还不富裕,
但它一直在尽其所能帮助其他发展中国家(although)。在新冠肺炎爆发期间,
中国为世界上近100个国家提供了大量帮助,
而一些发达国家却做得不那么好(while)。一个人无论贫富都应该有同情心,
一个国家也应该有同情心。
China
is
still
a
developing
country,
but
it
has
made
great
progress
since
its
founding.
Although
China
is
not
yet
rich,
it
has
been
doing
what
it
can
to
help
other
developing
countries.
During
the
outbreak
of
COVID-19,
China
has
given
a
lot
of
help
to
nearly
100
countries
in
the
world
while
some
developed
countries
are
doing
less
well.
A
man
should
be
compassionate,
whether
he
is
rich
or
poor,
and
so
should
a
nation.
?
