2021年冀教版英语中考复习教材梳理 专题一 名 词课件(共52张PPT)

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名称 2021年冀教版英语中考复习教材梳理 专题一 名 词课件(共52张PPT)
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(共52张PPT)
2021河北中考
英语HBJY
第二部分
语法专题透析
专题一


中考解读:河北中考主要在完形填空中考查名词词义辨析,旨在检测考生在具体且有意义的语境中运用目标词汇的能力。
解题技巧:名词词义辨析关键是读懂语境,理解词义。
相关词汇记背练习详见《词汇册》。
命题点1
名词词义辨析(必考:2~5道)
考点透析
1.
Sally
can
play
the
piano
very
well
and
she
wants
to
be
a
.
A.
scientist
B.
musician
C.
doctor
D.
teacher
2.
I
didn’t
go
to
school
yesterday
because
I
was
sick
and
went
to
the
.
A.
school
B.
store
C.
hospital
D.
bank
3.
The
Eiffel
Tower
was
built
for
the
1889
Paris
Expo.
It
is
a
of
the
city
now.
A.
subject
B.
symbol
C.
sign
D.
spirit
B
C
B
考点测验
4.
Helen,
the
more
careful
you
are
during
the
exam,
the
fewer
you’ll
make.
A.
mistakes
B.
choices
C.
decisions
D.
troubles
5.
—Many
traffic
accidents
happened
yesterday.
Do
you
know?
—Yes,ice
on
the
road
was
the
for
the
accidents.
A.
cause
B.
reason
C.
result
D.
key
6.
My
is
to
be
a
singer
one
day
and
I
will
do
whatever
I
can
do
to
achieve
my
dream.
A.
wish
B.
plan
C.
habit
D.
dream
A
B
D
7.
Though
Bill
is
very
young,
he
has
a
lot
of
about
Chinese
history.
A.
information
B.
knowledge
C.
background
D.
experience
8.
WeChat
is
a(n)
which
can
help
people
talk
to
friends,
share
photos,ideas
and
feelings
freely.
A.
treasure
B.
standard
C.
invention
D.
instruction
C
B
9.
Spring
is
the
best
of
the
year,
because
we
can
see
lots
of
beautiful
flowers.
A.
date
B.
day
C.
season
D.
vacation
10.
—Shall
we
go
on
Friday
or
Saturday?
—Either
day
is
OK.
It
makes
no
to
me.
A.
choice
B.
change
C.
difference
D.
decision
C
C
11.
—I
go
to
bed
and
get
up
early
every
day.
—That’s
a
good
.
It
keeps
us
healthy.
A.
habit
B.
rule
C.
hobby
D.
interest
12.
To
keep
our
city
beautiful,the
are
always
very
busy
in
the
streets.
We
shouldn’t
throw
rubbish
everywhere.
A.
policemen
B.
cleaners
C.
drivers
D.
teachers
A
B
13.
I've
got
Kathy's
for
her
piano
concert.
I'd
like
to
go
and
enjoy
it.
A.
contribution
B.
collection
C.
invitation
D.
introduction
14.
My
father
has
made
a(n)
that
he
will
take
me
to
climb
Mount
Tai
next
week.
A.
promise
B.
face
C.
advice
D.
friend
C
A
15.
—Don’t
eat
too
much
,
because
it’s
harmful
to
your
teeth.
—Oh,
I
get
it.
Thank
you.
A.
milk
B.
vegetables
C.
fruit
D.
candy
D
命题点2
名词的数与名词所有格辨析
中考解读:河北中考仅在2010年考查过一次名词的数与名词所有格辨析。
解题技巧:遇到此类试题,考生应该首先判定是考查名词的数还是名词所有格,判断方法如下:
考点透析
(1)如果空格前有数量词或限定词(如:two,
some,
any,
lots
of等)且空格后没有名词,则判定考查名词的数;然后根据空格前的数量词或限定词判断是用名词的单数还是复数。
(2)如果空格后是名词,且空格处和空格后名词为一种所属关系或空格处所填词是表示时间、距离、国家等无生命的名词,则判定考查名词所有格。
★如果判定考查名词的数,则首先排除带's或s'的所有格选项,然后再根据以下三种方法确定是考查名词的单数还是复数。
1.
辨别空格前的修饰语
(1)只修饰可数名词的修饰语:
few很少,几乎没有
a
few一些;几个
several几个
different不同的
a
couple
of两个
many(a)
很多
a
number
of若干;许多
a
great/large
number
of
许多
(2)只修饰不可数名词的修饰语:
little
很少,几乎没有
a
little
一点儿;少量
much
很多
a
good/great
deal
of
很多
a
bit
of
有一点儿
a
large
amount
of
大量的
(3)既可修饰可数名词又可修饰不可数名词的修饰语:
some
一些
a
lot
of
很多
lots
of
很多
plenty
of
充足的
most
大多数的
all
全部的
the
rest
of
剩下的
2.判定所给名词是可数还是不可数
类型
特点
可数
名词
①有单数和复数两种形式,如:desk→desks。
②前面可用基数词、不定冠词(a/an)及many等词修饰,如:three
boys,
an
apple,
many
students。
不可数
名词
①没有复数形式,作主语时,谓语动词用单数。物质名词、专有名词及抽象名词为不可数名词,如:tea,
Tian'anmen
Square,
courage。
②前面可用much,
little等词修饰,不可以被基数词和不定冠词(a/an)直接修饰;若表示数量,可用量词来修饰、限定,如:a
piece
of
paper,
two
cups
of
tea。
3.最后,判定可数名词用单数还是复数
名词用单数还是复数取决于物体是单个还是多个,如果只有一个就用单数,若是多个就用复数。具体情况如下:
(1)填单数形式的判定方法:
①a/an/this/that/every/each/another/either/one/序数词/any
other+可数名词单数;
②可数名词单数+be动词单数形式/谓语动词的单三形式;
③结合上下文语境或者句中对应的提示词,如:it,its等;
④用于某些固定短语或搭配、专有名词中,如:the
Great
Wall等。
(2)填复数形式的判定方法:
①these/those/不定代词(many/some/several/few/a
few/both/all/other等)/大于1的基数词/one
of(+形容词最高级)/quite
a
few/a
pair
of/a
couple
of/a(great/large)number
of/different
kinds
of/all
kinds
of+可数名词复数;
②可数名词复数+and+可数名词复数;
③可数名词复数+be动词复数形式/谓语动词原形;
④结合上下文语境或句中对应的提示词,如:them,
their;
⑤通常用复数或只有复数形式的名词:chopsticks筷子,clothes衣服,glasses眼镜,scissors剪刀,socks袜子,trousers裤子。
易错点:名词作定语时,其单复数的变化情况如下:
1.当man或woman作定语变复数时,需将man或woman及其所修饰名词同时变为复数。如:
a
man
doctor

men
doctors
a
woman
teacher
→women
teachers
2.当其他名词作定语变复数时,只需把其后被修饰的名词变为复数。如:
a
girl
student

girl
students
a
birthday
gift

birthday
gifts
?可数名词单数变复数的规则变化表
构成方法
举例
一般情况加-s
star→stars;gift→gifts
invention→inventions
以字母s,
x,
sh,
ch结尾的词加-es
class→classes;box→boxes
brush→brushes;
watch→watches
特例:stomach→stomachs
构成方法
举例
以f或fe结尾的词变f或fe为v再加-es
leaf→leaves;knife→knives
shelf→shelves;wife→wives
特例:roof→roofs;proof→proofs
belief→beliefs
以辅音字母加y结尾的词先变y为i,再加-es
party
→parties;baby→babies
story→stories;family
→families
构成方法
举例
以元音字母加y结尾的词加-s
key→keys;holiday→holidays
monkey→monkeys
以ce,
se,
ze,
ge等结尾的词加-s
face→faces;license→licenses
prize→prizes;orange→oranges
以o结尾有生命的加-es,
无生命的加-s
tomato→tomatoes;hero→heroes
potato→potatoes;photo→photos
piano→pianos
特例:bamboo→bamboos
?可数名词单数变复数的不规则变化表
构成方法
举例
改变元音字母
man→men;woman→women
特例:German→Germans
human→humans
foot→feet;tooth→teeth
特例:boot→boots
单复数同形
sheep→sheep;deer→deer
Chinese→Chinese;Japanese→Japanese
其他形式
mouse→mice;child→children
类别
举例
抽象
名词
概念
advice
劝告;建议
environment环境
help帮助
homework家庭作业
information信息;消息
luck幸运;运气
knowledge知识;学问
peace和平
space太空;空间
trouble问题;苦恼
学科
chemistry化学
geography地理
math数学
physics物理
情感
friendship友谊
fun开心;娱乐
joy欢乐;乐趣
?初中常见的不可数名词
类别
举例
物质
名词
材料
cotton棉;棉花
gold金子;金币
plastic塑料;塑胶
silk丝绸;丝织物
饮食
milk牛奶
water水
soup汤
tea茶
juice果汁
coffee咖啡
wine酒
food食物
bread面包
cheese奶酪
beef牛肉
meat肉
rice米
salt盐
sugar糖
自然
物体
air空气
ice冰
fire火
grass草;草地
sand沙子
soil土壤
weather天气
wind风
rain雨
snow雪
temperature温度;气温;体温
light光;光线;光亮
?既可作可数名词又可作不可数名词的词
名词
可数
不可数
名词
可数
不可数
chicken
小鸡
鸡肉
orange
橙子
橙汁
experience
经历
经验
paper
试卷,论文

exercise
练习
锻炼
radio
收音机
无线电
glass
玻璃杯
玻璃
room
房间
空间
iron
熨斗

time
次数、倍数
时间
life
生命
生活
wood
树林
木头、木材
light
电灯
光;光线
work
作品
工作
★如果判定考查名词所有格,则首先排除只是名词的选项,然后再根据句意或者空格前的限定词判断是单数的所有格形式还是复数的所有格形式。考生应掌握名词所有格的各类构成方法:
类别
构成方法
举例
有生命的单数名词
加's
my
brother's
pen
我哥哥/弟弟的钢笔
有生命的复数名词
以s结尾加'
the
teachers'
office老师们的办公室
不以s结尾加's
the
children's
homework孩子们的作业
类别
构成方法
举例
表示时间、距离、国家等的名词
单数加's
China's
development中国的发展
复数加'
ten
minutes'
walk步行十分钟的路程
用and连接两个并列的单数名词
表示共同拥有,在最后一个名词后加's
Tony
and
Jimmy'sfather托尼和吉姆的爸爸
表示分别各自拥有,在两个名词后加's
Mike's
and
John's
desks迈克的书桌和约翰的书桌
类别
构成方法
举例
表示无生命名词的所有格
用of表达
the
door
of
the
room房门
双重所有格
of+'s所有格
a
friend
of
my
father's
我父亲的一个朋友
of+名词性物主代词
a
book
of
mine
我的一本书
易错点:1.表示某人的家、店铺、住宅、公共建筑等地名时,所有格后面的名词常常省略。如:the
Smiths'史密斯夫妇的家;at
the
doctor's在诊所里。
2.of所有格与双重所有格的区别。如:
①Judy
is
a
friend
of
Henry.朱迪是亨利的朋友。(是朋友关系,不是其他关系)
②Judy
is
a
friend
of
Henry's.朱迪是亨利的一个朋友。(是多个朋友中的一个)
③This
is
a
photo
of
my
father.这是我父亲的一张照片。(照片上的人就是我父亲)
④This
is
a
photo
of
my
father's.这是我父亲的一张照片。(照片为我父亲所有,但照片上的人不一定是我父亲)
16.
—Oh,Nancy!
Do
you
live
here?
—No.
This
house
is
.
I’m
here
to
see
his
baby.
A.
my
son
B.
my
son’s
C.
the
baby
D.
the
baby’s
17.
March
8th
is
Day.
My
mum
often
goes
to
see
my
grandmother
on
that
day.
A.
Woman
B.
Woman’s
C.
Women
D.
Women’s
B
D
考点测验
18.
—How
far
is
it
from
your
hometown
to
Shijiazhuang?
—It’s
about
two
ride
by
high-speed
train.
A.
hour
B.
hour’s
C.
hours
D.
hours’
19.
I
know
the
man
in
a
blue
shirt
is
uncle.
A.
Jack
and
Mary’s
B.
Jack’s
and
Mary
C.
Jack’s
and
Mary’s
D.
Jack
and
Mary
20.
This
week
the
online
shops
sell
shoes
at
very
low
prices.
A.
child
and
men’s
B.
children
and
men’s
C.
children’s
and
men’s
D.
children’s
and
men
D
C
A
命题点3
用所给名词填空(9年13考)
中考解读:河北中考于2015年首次在词语运用题型中出现根据首字母提示填空题,名词分别考查了Monday,
place,
river(s),均为可数名词。
解题技巧:遇到此类试题,考生应该首先理解句意,根据上下文猜测出空格
首字母填空(10年3考)
考点透析
考向
1
所填词的词义,然后分析句子结构,弄清空格处在句中作什么成分,以确定填何种词性。若需填名词,还需根据语境判断填其单数还是复数。
1.如何判断空格处是否用名词
(1)位于句首,在句中作主语。如:
English
is
my
favorite
subject.英语是我最喜欢的科目。
(2)位于动词或介词后作宾语。如:
He
usually
goes
to
school
by
bike.他通常骑自行车去上学。
(3)位于形容词后(2016.77)。如:
What
an
interesting
book
it
is!
多么有趣的一本书啊!
(4)位于限定词this,
these,
those,
many,
some,
any,
a
lot
of,
every等后(2017.72,2015.79)。如:
She
likes
this
skirt
very
much.她非常喜欢这条裙子。
(5)位于数词后。如:
I
am
the
second
son
in
my
family.我是家里第二个儿子。
(6)其他情况:位于系动词后作表语;冠词、形容词性物主代词之后;名词所有格及一些固定搭配中。如:
She
is
a
teacher.
她是一位老师。
I
have
no
interest
in
playing
computer
games.我对玩电脑游戏没有兴趣。
2.
如何判断空格处是用名词单数还是复数
此部分具体可参考下面的考向2;名词单数变复数可参考命题点2中的规则变化表和不规则变化表。
适当形式填空(10年11考)
中考解读:河北中考在词语运用中考查用所给名词的适当形式填空,共考查了11次,其中单数变复数考查6次,名词变形容词考查4次,名词变名词考查1次。
解题技巧:遇到此类试题,考生首先应该分析句子结构,根据句子前后关系及所填词的“可数与不可数”来确定此空要填哪种形式。
考向
2
1.填名词
(1)
填名词单数或复数的判定方法:
具体判定方法详见本专题命题点2。
(2)填所有格的判定方法:
①名词前
②固定搭配中
名词所有格的构成方法详见本专题命题点2。
(3)填名词的判定方法:
①冠词(a/an/the)/名词所有格之后
②形容词性物主代词/形容词之后
③谓语动词之前
④介词之后
?名词变名词的方法
①n.-ist(表示人)
piano→pianist
science→scientist
violin→violinist
art→artist
②n.-er(表示从事某种职业的人)
farm→farmer
③n.-ese(表示民族、语言)
China→Chinese
Japan→Japanese
④其他形式
friend→friendship
class→classmate
music→musician
2.填(名词→)形容词
(1)填形容词的判定方法:
①用在名词前作定语(2013.82,2010.83);
②用在be动词之后作表语(2012.83);
③and连接的前后两个形容词词性保持一致;
④复合不定代词之后;
⑤用在形容词短语中,其结构为:be动词+形容词+介词;
⑥位于定冠词the后表示一类人;
⑦位于表感观的系动词之后;
⑧位于固定句型It
is+adj.+(for/of)
sb.+to
do
sth.和make/keep/leave+sb./sth.+adj.中。
(2)名词变形容词的方法:
①词尾加-ful(表示“……的”)
beauty→beautiful
cheer→cheerful
color→colorful
help→helpful
meaning→meaningful
success→successful
peace→peaceful
wonder→wonderful
②词尾加-y(表示性质)
直接加-y:
health→healthy
luck→lucky
rain→rainy
sleep→sleepy
wind→windy
snow→snowy
双写末尾字母再加-y:
fun→funny
fog→foggy
sun→sunny
去结尾字母e再加-y:
noise→noisy
taste→tasty
③词尾加-ing(形容物)
interest
→interesting
surprise→surprising
④词尾加-ed(形容人)
interest→interested
surprise→surprised
talent→
talented
⑤词尾加-al(表示“……的”)
culture→cultural
centre→central
music→musical
nature→natural
person→personal
⑥词尾加-able(表示能够)
value→valuable
knowledge→knowledgeable
⑦词尾加-less(表示没有、无)
care→careless
use→useless
help→helpless
home→homeless
hope→hopeless
meaning→meaningless
⑧词尾加-ly
friend→
friendly
love→lovely
⑨词尾加-en/-ern
north→northern
west→western
wood→wooden
gold→golden
3.填(名词→)副词(2011.83)
若空格处填的词修饰动词、形容词、副词或者整个句子时,此时考虑填副词。
?名词变副词的方法
名词变副词一般情况下是先由名词变形容词,再由形容词变副词,常见方法如下:
⑩其他
fool→foolish
hunger→hungry
pride→proud
名词
形容词
变形方法
副词
care
success
careful
successful
词尾加+-ly
carefully
successfully
truth
true
以“元音字母+e”结尾的形容词,去e再加-ly
truly
happiness
happy
以y结尾的形容词,变y为i,再加-ly
happily
possibility
possible
以“辅音字母+le”结尾的形容词,去e再加-y
possibly
21.
There
are
many
valuable
(chance)
hidden
in
the
challenge.
Open
your
eyes
to
find
them
and
catch
them
in
your
hands.
22.
We
are
sure
that
you
will
be
(success)in
the
Senior
High
School
Entrance
Examination.
23.
I
like
reading
very
much
because
reading
can
bring
me
(happy).
successful
happiness
chances
考点测验
24.
She
has
been
a
d
ever
since
she
graduated
from
this
medical
school.
25.
He
has
left
a
m
saying
that
he
has
something
important
to
do.
26.
Don’t
be
afraid
of
making
(mistake).We
can
learn
from
them.
27.
How
lucky
Peter
was!
Some
(policeman)
arrived
in
time
and
managed
to
help
him
out.
octor
mistakes
essage
policemen
28.
Students
can’t
enjoy
the
(color)
school
life
if
they
study
at
home
instead
of
going
to
school.
29.
It
is
good
for
our
health
to
eat
more
fruit
and
(vegetable).
30.
Our
city
is
trying
to
provide
(home)
people
with
special
shelter(庇护
所)
to
stay.
31.
S
is
my
favorite
season.
There
are
many
beautiful
flowers.
colorful
vegetables
homeless
pring
32.
My
cousin
likes
to
collect
(stamp)
in
his
spare
time.
33.
Please
open
the
w
and
let
some
fresh
air
in.
34.
Many
(hero)
have
set
good
examples
to
us
to
follow.
35.
I
think
you
can
imagine
how
surprised
I
was
when
they
told
me
the
n
.
stamps
indow
heroes
ews