2012年中考新目标(Go for it)版英语基础知识复习第十二讲 八年级（下） Units 3～4

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第十二讲 八年级(下) Units 3～4
复习目标导航
考点完全攻略
同步训练
类别 新课标要求
重
点
词
汇
拓
展 1. strange→n.陌生人 stranger
2．follow→adj.下列的 following
3．amazing→adj.感到惊异的 amazed→(同义词)adj.令人惊奇的 surprising
4．happen→(同义短语) take place
5．bright→adv.明亮地 brightly
6．close→adj.关闭的 closed→(反义词)v.打开 open
7．recent→adv.最近；近来 recently
8．meaning→v.意思是；意味；打算 mean
9．mad→(同义词)adj. angry
10．true→adv.真实地 truly→n.真相 truth→(同义词)adj.真的 real
11．disappointing→adj.失望的；扫兴的 disappointed
类别 新课标要求
重
点
词
汇
拓
展 12．own→n.物主；拥有者 owner
13．danger→adj.危险的 dangerous→(反义词)n.安全 safety
重
点
短
语
记
忆 1. get out 出去；离开
2．take off 起飞
3．run away 逃跑；跑掉
4．come in 进来
5．hear about 听说
6．as...as 像……(一样)
重
点
句
型
整
理 1.The boy was walking down the street when the UFO landed.
2．While the girl was shopping，the alien got out.
3．—What did she say
—She said she was having a surprise party for Lana on Friday night.
重
点
短
语
记
忆 7．be mad at sb.生某人的气
8．first of all 首先
9．pass on 传递
10．be supposed to 被期望或被要求……
11．do well in 在……方面做得好
12．in good health 身体健康
13．get over 克服；恢复；原谅
14．open up 打开
15．care for 照料；照顾
1．The boy was walking down the street when the UFO landed.
当飞碟着陆时，那个男孩正在街上走。
While the boy was walking down the street，the UFO landed.
当男孩正在街上走时，飞碟着陆了。(Unit 3)
【辨析】 when与while
when和while这两个词都有“当……的时候”之意，都可以引导时间状语从句，但用法有所不同，使用时要特别注意。
①when意为“在……时刻或时期”，它兼指“时间点”与“时间段”，所引导的从句的谓语动词既可以是终止性动词，又可以是持续性动词。如：
When I came into the classroom，they were reading.
我进教室时，他们正在读书。
When she was young，she liked playing tennis.
她年轻时喜欢打网球。
②while只指“时间段”，不指“时间点”，从句的谓语动词只限于持续性动词。如：
While I was watching TV，she knocked at the door.
我正在看电视时，她来敲门。
【拓展】 持续性动词就是表示可以持续发生一段时间的动作
的动词，如wait，talk，sleep，walk，read等。它可以与表示一段时间的状语连用，如：for two days等。终止性动词指动作瞬间完成，如：stop，open，join等，它不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。
while作连词时也可理解为“然而”，表示转折关系；while作名词表示“一会儿；一段时间”。如：
I like pears while my brother doesn't.
我喜欢梨，弟弟却不喜欢。(连词)
The rain will fall in no while.
马上就要下雨了。(名词)
2．What was the girl doing when the UFO took_off
当飞碟起飞时，那个女孩在干什么？(Unit 3)
take off在本句中的含义为“起飞”，反义词为land，意为“降落”。take off还有“脱下(衣帽等)”之意，反义短语为put on，意为“穿上”。如：
Peter took off the old jacket and put on a new one.
彼得脱下了旧夹克，又穿上了一件新的。
Whenever a plane lands at the airport，another one will take off at the same time.
每当一架飞机降落在这座机场时，另一架飞机会在同一时间起飞。
【拓展】
3．You can imagine how_strange_it_was!
你可以想象那有多奇怪吧！(Unit 3)
此复合句中的感叹句how strange it was 是宾语从句，作动词imagine的宾语。感叹句表示说话时的惊异、喜悦、赞扬和气愤等情绪，这类句子常用what或how引导。
常见感叹句式：
类别 结构 例句
以
what
引
导 What＋a/an＋adj.＋单数可数名词＋主语＋谓语！ What a beautiful mountain it is！
多么美丽的山啊！
类别 结构 例句
以
what
引
导 What＋adj.＋复数可数名词＋主语＋谓语！ What great inventions he has made！
他的发明多么伟大啊！
What＋adj.＋不可数名词＋主语＋谓语！ What bad weather it is today！
今天的天气多么糟糕啊！
以
how
引
导 How＋adj.＋a/an＋可数名词单数＋主语＋谓语！ How clever a boy he is！
多么聪明的男孩！
How＋adj./adv.＋主语＋谓语！ How quickly Tom runs！
汤姆跑得真快！
4.What happened while Linda was on the telephone
琳达在打电话时发生了什么事？(Unit 3)
【辨析】 happen与take place
两者都可以译为“发生”。
①happen指偶然发生，具有不可预测性，主语一般是某物/某事。表示“某人发生了什么事”时用sth.happen to sb.。happen还可以表示“碰巧”，常用sb.＋happen＋to do sth.和It happens＋that从句两种结构。
②take place指事先计划好或预先布置而发生，指某种确定事件。
happen和take place都没有被动语态。
What happened to him？他怎么了？
Great changes have taken place in my hometown.
我的家乡发生了很大的变化。
I happened to know his brother.
＝It happened that I knew his brother.
我碰巧认识他弟弟。
5．Lana said she would bring some drinks and snacks
to Marcia's house.拉娜说她要带些饮料和小吃去马西娅家。(Unit 4)
【辨析】 take，bring，carry，get与fetch
这五个动词都有“拿；带”的意思，但用法各不相同：
①take(...to...)“拿去；带去”，指把某物(人)从说话处带到别处，
它与bring所表示的方向相反。注意take在购物时可代替buy表示“买”。
②bring(...to...)“带来；拿来”，指把某物(人)从别处带到说话人所在的地方。
③carry“提；拿”，不强调方向性，但有负重之意。
④get“拿来；取来”，与fetch同义，指到别处去把某物(人)带来，常用在口语中，强调的是动作的往返。
Mother was ill yesterday，so I took her to hospital.
昨天妈妈病了，因此我带她去了医院。
Bring the sugar to me.给我拿糖来。
Let me help you carry the box！让我帮你搬这个箱子吧！
Get/Fetch me a glass of water.去给我倒杯水来。
6．You were_supposed_to meet at the bus stop this morning to return it...
你应当今天早上在车站见面以归还它……(Unit 4)
suppose意为“假定；认为；如果”，其用法如下：
①suppose＋(that)从句。如：
I suppose that he can finish the work on time.
我认为他能按时完成那项工作。
②suppose＋宾语＋宾补(不定式、形容词或介词短语)。如：
I suppose him to be over twenty.我猜他二十多岁了。
③be supposed to意为“理应；应当”，后跟动词原形，相当于should，用来表示劝告、建议、义务等。在否定句中用be not supposed to do sth.，意为“不准做某事；不应当做某事”，表示命令和禁止，相当于be not allowed to do sth.。如：
You're not supposed to smoke on the bus.
＝You're not allowed to smoke on the bus.
你不应该在公共汽车上吸烟。
①suppose后接宾语从句时，如果从句是表示否定意义的句子，要否定主句。如：
I don't suppose he will come here.
我想他不会来这儿的。
②suppose可引导条件状语从句，作用相当于if。如：
Suppose it rains，what will happen
如果下雨，会发生什么？
7．I said that was OK and that I was sure she would get_over it.
我说好，并且我相信她会想开的。(Unit 4)
get over意为“克服；恢复”。如：
How did you get over that problem
你们是怎样克服那个难题的？
It took me a very long time to get over the shock of her death.我花了很长时间才从她死亡的震惊中恢复过来。
【拓展】 over构成的短语还有：
go over复习；look over检查；turn over翻转；翻身。
get over意为“克制；控制；恢复”时为“动词＋介词”
结构，宾语只能放在get over之后；look over，turn over为“动词＋副词”结构，当宾语为代词时，只能置于中间。
八年级下(3～4单元)
(训练时间：60分钟　分值：100分)
基础知识过关
一、根据句意及首字母提示完成单词(10分)
1．What h________ while you were watching TV
2．You are not s________ to talk loudly here.The child is sleeping.
3．Don't c____ others' homework，do it by yourself.
4．This is my o___ car.I bought it last year.
5．You speak too quickly，I can't f______ you.
6．Where is my school ID card？I can't find it a_________.
appened
upposed
opy
wn
ollow
nywhere
7．He r____ his bicycle to school yesterday.
8．Remember to r______ the library books on time.
9．I h______ the news just two hours ago.
10．The shop c_______ on weekends.It only opens from Monday to Friday.
二、用所给词的适当形式填空(14分)
1．When I _________ (arrive) in Shanghai，it was dark.
2．What _____ you ______ (do) when your father came back
3．While I was ________(take) a walk in the park，I ____ (see) some birds in the tree.
ode
eturn
eard
loses
arrived
were
doing
taking
saw
4．Mary told me that she ___ (be) going to have a birthday party for her mother.
5．He said he ___________ (not be) angry with his friends anymore.
6．They felt ______ (luck) to be volunteers.
7．There're lots of national ________ (hero) in Chinese history.
三、句型转换(6分)
1．I was walking_down_the_street when the UFO landed.(就画线部分提问)
was
would not be
lucky
heroes
___________ you ______ when the UFO landed
2．He watched TV last night.(用at this time yesterday改写句子)
He _____________TV at this time yesterday.
3．My mother was cooking when my father came back.(用while改写句子)
_______ my mother _____________ ，my father came back.
4．“I'm going to your house on Sunday afternoon，”he said to me.(改为间接引语)
He _____ me ________ going to my house on Sunday afternoon.
What were
doing
was watching
While
was cooking
told
he was
5．He said，“The earth goes around the sun.”(改为间接引语)
He ______ the earth _____________ the sun.
6．I suppose she will come to the party.(改为否定句)
I _____________ she _____ come to the party.
综合能力提高
一、单项选择(10分)
1．(2011·昆明)Waiter，the porridge ________.Please take it away.
A．tastes good B．taste good
C．taste terrible D．tastes terrible
said
goes around
don't suppose
will
【解析】考查系动词的用法。从主谓一致来看容易排除B、C。从Please take it away可知稀饭尝起来不好。
【答案】D
2．(2011·凉山)—Look at the sign.What does it mean
—It means “________”．
A．Don't talking B．No talking C．Not talk
【解析】考查句式结构的用法。表示“不要说话”可以使用Don't talk.或No talking.两种形式，故选B。
【答案】B
3．Many students are easy to get ________ before exams or contests.
A．relaxed B．nervous
C．amazing D．alone
【解析】考查形容词辨析。relaxed“放松的”；nervous“紧张的，焦虑的”；amazing“迷惑的，不解的”；alone“孤单的”。句意为“很多学生考试或比赛前容易焦虑。”故选B。
【答案】B
4．(2011·百色)It's raining heavily outside.Why don't you ________ your raincoat
A．put on B．to put on
C．take off D．to take off
【解析】考查短语辨析。put on“穿上”，take off“脱下”，“Why don't you＋动词原形？”意思是“你为什么不……？”用来表示提建议，根据句子的意思，故选A。
【答案】A
5．He is good ________ English while his sister does well ________ Chinese.
A．at; in B．in; at
C．at; at D．in; in
【解析】考查固定短语。be good at意思是“擅长”；do well in意思是“在……方面做得好”。句意是“他擅长英语，而他妹妹擅长汉语。”故选A。
【答案】A
6．—Have your parents got back from New York
—Yes. They ________ home last Sunday.
A．got B．came C．returned D．went
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。get“到达，抵达”；come“来，过来”；return“返回，回来”；go“去；离开”。句意是“你父母从纽约回来了吗？”“是的，他们上周日回家的。”故选C。
【答案】C
7．—Is your Chinese teacher pleased with your lessons
—Yes. He said ________.
A．I was a little lazy B．he was very hard working
C．it was so difficult D．I was hard working
【解析】考查宾语从句的用法。句意为“你的汉语老师对你的课程满意吗？”“是的，他说我很用功。”将其他选项代入题干，A项“我有点懒”；B项“他很用功”；C项“它很难”均不符合题意，根据上句的意思可知，选D。
【答案】D
8．(2011·广元)English ________ more and more widely(广泛)today.So we must learn it well.
A．uses
B．used
C．is used
【解析】考查动词语态。根据句意“如今英语越来越被广泛地应用。”可知要用一般现在时被动语态，其构成：is/am/are＋动词过去分词。故选C。
【答案】C
9．(2011·德州)—I really hope to get in touch with Tony.
—Sorry，I don't know ________.
A．why he loves China
B．how he returned to Canada
C．what his phone number is
D．where he studied Chinese
【解析】考查宾语从句的用法。宾语从句应该用陈述句语序，又根据问句句意“我非常想和托尼取得联系”及答语“Sorry”可知，不知道联系方式。故选C。
【答案】C
10．You shouldn't do such things again, young man. ________， you are not a child any longer.
A．First of all B．After all
C．All over D．Above all
【解析】考查短语辨析。first of all“首先”；after all“毕竟，终究，别忘了”；all over“到处，全部”；above all “最重要的”。句意为“你不应该再做这种事情了，年轻人。毕竟，你已经不是小孩子了。”故选B。
【答案】B
二、完形填空(15分)
Our neighborhood used to be very quiet.However，these days，__1__ things are happening in our neighborhood and everyone is unhappy.Zhao Jun，the local school teacher is extremely __2__.When he was interviewed by the local newspaper，he said，“Every night we hear strange noises __3__ our window.My wife thinks that it could be an __4__，but my friends and I think it must be teenagers having __5__.My parents called the police，but they can't __6__ anything strange.They think it might be the __7__.I don't think so！”
Zhao Jun's next door neighbor Xiang Dan is __8__ ，too.“At first，I thought it might be a cat，but I can't see a cat，and I still hear the noises outside.”Everyone in our neighborhood is worried，and everyone has his or her own __9__.There must be something __10__ the homes in our neighborhood，but what is it
1．A.interesting B．exciting
C．strange D．terrible
【解析】由题意“然而，最近奇怪的事情在我们的居民区发生了……”可知选C。
【答案】C
2．A.worried B．pleased C．satisfied D．relaxed
【解析】由题意“……当地学校的老师很担心这件事”可知选A。
【答案】A
3．A.of B．outside C．from D．inside
【解析】由题意“每晚我们都听到窗外有奇怪的声音”可知选B。
【答案】B
4．A.actor B．accident C．object D．animal
【解析】由题意“我妻子认为那可能是一种动物……”可知选D。
【答案】D
5．A.trouble B．fun C．lessons D．sports
【解析】由题意“……但我朋友和我认为一定是孩子取闹”可知选B。
【答案】B
6．A.find B．think C．make D．feel
【解析】由题意“……但他们没有发现奇怪的东西”可知选A。
【答案】A
7．A.water B．laughter C．music D．wind
【解析】由题意“他们认为是风声”可知选D。
【答案】D
8．A.nervous B．surprised C．unhappy D．mad
【解析】此处指“老师的邻居也不高兴”，故选C。
【答案】C
9．A.ways B．matters C．habits D．ideas
【解析】由题意“……人们都有各自的观点”可知选D。
【答案】D
10．A.cleaning B．visiting C．breaking D．moving
【解析】由题意“肯定有东西拜访这些家庭……”可知选B。
【答案】B
三、阅读理解(15分)
(2011·烟台)Bill Gates is head of the software company Microsoft and one of the world's richest men.He was born on October 28,1955 and grew up in Seattle with his two sisters.He was a very bright boy.Science and math were his two favorite subjects at school.And he dreamed of being a scientist.
Bill first started to play on computers at the age of 13.At that time，a computer was a very large machine.Once he was interested in a very old computer.He and some of his friends spent as much time as possible on computers.In the end，
they worked out a software program.Bill sold it for 4,200 dollars when he was only 17.
In 1973，Bill went to Harvard University.In 1975，Bill and his partners developed a software program called BASIC.This was not the first program ever created，but its inventors were the first to decide that people who wanted to use it should pay for it.BASIC was a success.Then Bill left Harvard to work for Microsoft，a company he started in 1975 with his boyhood friend Paul Allen.They thought the computer would come into every office and every home soon.So they began developing software
for personal computers.They improved the software to make it easier for people to use computers.After many years of hard work，Microsoft becomes one of the most successful companies.And Bill Gates also becomes one of the richest businessmen in the world.
根据文章内容将信息卡补充完整。
Information about Bill Gates
Date of birth：__October_28,1955__
Official position：__Head_of_Microsoft__
Dream job in the childhood：1.________
Thing first done in 1968：2.________
Name of the software program：3.________
Reason for developing personal software：4.________
Achievements：5.________
【答案】
1．(a)scientist　【解析】由第一段最后一句“And he dreamed of being a scientist.”知他的理想是成为一名科学家。
2．He/Bill(first)started to play on computers./Starting to play on computers.　【解析】由第二段第一句“Bill first started to play on computers at the age of 13.”及他的出生时间知他1968年首次接触电脑。
3．Basic/BASIC　【解析】由第三段中“In 1975，Bill and his partners developed a software program called BASIC.”知这个软件的名字叫BASIC。
4．They thought the computer would come into every
office and every home soon.　【解析】弄清题目要求“开发私人软件的原因”便能从原文中直接找到答案。
5．Microsoft becomes one of the most successful companies.Bill Gates also becomes one of the richest businessmen in the world.　【解析】题目要求中“achievements”意为“成就，伟绩”，全文最后两句话便是对比尔·盖茨及微软公司成就的评价。
四、根据情景，把下面对话内容补充完整，使其意思连贯(10分)
Reporter：Excuse me, I'm a reporter from a student magazine.1.________________？
Visitor：Sure, please.
Reporter：2.________________？
　　　Visitor：I'm from Germany.
Reporter：3.________________？
　　　Visitor：I came here two days ago.
Reporter：4.________________？
　　　Visitor：Yes, just a little. I began studying Chinese two months ago.
Reporter：How do you like Shanghai
　　　Visitor：I like it very much. The people here are very friendly.
Reporter：Thank you for answering my questions.5.________________.
　　　Visitor：Thank you.
【答案】
1．May/Can I ask you some questions　【解析】由下文内容可知此处询问能否问对方几个问题。
2．Where are you from/Where do you come from　【解析】由下句“I'm from Germany.”可知此处问对方来自哪里。
3．When did you come to Shanghai/here　【解析】由下句“I came here two days ago.”知问对方何时来这里(上海)的。
4．Can you speak Chinese　【解析】由下文“Yes...two months ago.”知此处问对方是否会讲汉语。
5．Enjoy yourself/Have fun/Have a good/great/wonderful time　【解析】由答语“Thank you.”可知此处是向对方表示良好的祝愿。
五、书面表达(20分)
李老师想了解班级同学的状况， 请你根据下面的内容要求， 给李老师写一封信， 说明自己的情况。
内容要点：
1．学习任务重， 睡眠不足， 缺少体育活动。同学间缺乏沟通和交流；
2．在家不允许看电视、 上网、 听音乐等。
Dear Ms Li，
I'm very glad to write to you. _____________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________
Best wishes.
Zhang Meng
I have a lot of troubles
these days. Every day I have a lot of homework to do. I don't have enough time to sleep. I nearly have no time to do sports. My friends and I can hardly find time to talk, or play together. When I get back home from school, I'm not allowed to watch TV, surf the Internet or listen to my favourite music. I feel worried about myself. I don't know what I should do. Could you please give me some suggestions