Unit 2 I'll help to clean up the city parks. Section B 讲义（含答案）

学生姓名
班级
辅导学科
英语
上课时间
课次
第 次课
授课主题
I’ll help to clean up the city parks.
Section B
教学重点
八下Unit 2 Section B重点词汇和短语的应用
教学难点
动词不定式
本次课教案：
【温故知新】
1.打扫或清除干净___________ 2.欢呼；喝彩 v__________
3.使变得高兴；振奋起来___________ 4.分发；散发___________
5.义务做；自愿做v 自愿者n___________ 6.想出；提出（主意、计划、回答等）___________
7.推迟___________ 8.标志；信号 n___________
9.通知、通告n注意到；意识到v___________ 10.分发___________
11.打电话给某人；征召___________ 12.曾经...；过去...___________
13孤独的；寂寞的 adj__________ 14.照顾；非常喜欢__________
考点一： I take after my mother. 我长的像我妈妈。 (P13)
【考点梳理】take after =be similar to在（外貌、性格等方面）与（父母）相像，不能用于进行时态。
take after是“动词十介词”构成的短语，无论是名词还是代词做宾语，都位于after的后面。
To my surprise, Jim doesn't take after his father at all.令我惊奇的是，吉姆和他的父亲一点儿也不像。
He takes after his father in mathematical ability.像他父亲一样，他很有数学天赋。
【考点拓展】look like...看起来像…，多指外貌；be similar to...与…相似 (可以是长相、外貌、观点等）。
She looks like her mother.
Your views on education are similar to mine.
【小试牛刀】
（ ）1. The girl _____ the woman. Maybe she is her daughter.
A. take care B. takes after C. takes off D. look after
（ ）2. Tom ___ his father, because they both are cheerful and easygoing.
A. looks like B. takes after C. doesn't take after D. isn’t like
考点二：I fixed it up. 我把它修理好了。(P13)
【考点梳理】fix up 修理，修补
【小试牛刀】
（ ）1. My watch doesn’t work. I wonder who can ____for me.
A. fix up it B. fix it up C. mix it up D. mix them up
（ ）2. My bike is broken. Could you help me to ?
A. fix it up B. set it up C. make it up D. put it up
考点三：I repaired it. 我把它修好了。(P13)
【考点梳理】repair的用法
repair为及物动词，意为“修理；修补”，对象着重于破损、毁坏或发生故障不能正常使用的物体。
He is repairing a model plane.他正在修理一个飞机模型。
【考点辨析】repair, fix, mend
1. repair与fix都表示使受到一定损坏或失灵的东西恢复其性能，其对象从道路、机器到日常用品等。
repair /fix a machine/watch/road修理机器/手表/道路
2. mend表示修补破损的东西，使其恢复原样，一般指较小的物品。
mend the window修理窗户
考点四：I’m similar to her . 我和她很像。(P13)
【考点梳理】similar adj. 相似的
1. be similar to 与...相似
The house is similar to ours, but ours has a big garden.
2. be similar in... 在...方面相似
The two sweaters are similar in colors.
【小试牛刀】
（ ）1. Mary is very similar ____her sister in appearance.
A. in B. to C. with D. for
（ ）2. Her sweater is ___ to my sister’s. They are the ____ color.
A. similar; same B. similar; similar C. same; same D. same; similar
考点五：I’m sure you know that this group was set up to help disabled people like me.(P14)
我确定你知道这个组织是为了帮助像我这样的残疾人而建立的。
【考点梳理】be sure (that) ...
1. be sure＋of/ about (doing) sth，“确信……”；“对……有把握”。
I'm sure of his honesty．我肯定他是诚实的。
2. be sure to do sth. 一定会做某事
It is sure to rain．天一定会下雨。
3. be sure+从句， 意为“确信某事一定会……”。
We are sure he will make great progress this term．
4. to be sure 诚然，的确
To be sure, it’s very hot in Changsha.
【考点梳理】set up 建立；设立
【考点梳理】disabled adj. 肢体有残疾的 disabled people 残疾人
【加前缀dis- 构成的词】 dislike 不喜欢disorder 无秩序dishonest 不诚实 disappear 消失
Though he is __________(able) , Liu Wei made his dream – to be a pianist – come true.
【小试牛刀】
（ ）1.The primary school _____in 1995 with the hope of young people.
A. was set up B. was put up C. was found
（ ）2.We have ____ some organizations to help the poor students in the western areas of China.
A. taken up B. put up C. picked up D. set up
考点六：You helped to make it possible for me to have Lucky. 你的帮助使我拥有“幸运”这件事成为可能。
【考点梳理】make it +adj.+ for sb.to do sth.的用法
本句中是“make it+形容词(+for sb.)+to do sth.”结构，意为“使（某人）帮某事成为…”。在此结构中，make为使役动词，意为“使；让”，it做形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式短语，用于这种结构的动词还有think，find等。make it possible表示“使………成为可能”，it指代 to have Lucky。
We will make it easier to do it in this way.
I found it very difficult to learn a foreign language well.
【小试牛刀】
（ ）1. The twins are so alike that even their father finds _______ hard to tell them from each other.
A. it B. him C. them （2020长沙中考真题）
（ ）2. Friends make ________ easier for us to go through difficulties in life. They ________ a shoulder for us to cry on. （19-20-2麓山国际一模）
A. that; offer B. it; provide C. it; give
考点七：Lucky makes a big difference to my life. “幸运”对我的生活产生了很大的影响。(P14)
【考点梳理】makes a difference 影响；有作用
make some/no difference (to sb./sth.) 意为“对...有些影响/没有影响, 对...重要/不重要”
Fresh air makes a difference to our health.
【小试牛刀】
（ ）The heavy snow didn’t ___ the international airlines.
A. pay attention to B. add to C. make a difference to D. keep to
考点八: Or imagine you can’t walk or use your hands easily. (P14)
或是想象一下你不能走路或自如地使用你的手。
【考点梳理】imagine的用法
imagine + n/ v-ing/ pron/从句 v.想象 → imagination n.想象
1. 接that或what引导的宾语从句。
I couldn't imagine what would happen next.
2. imagine doing sth. 意为“想象做某事”。
I can't imagine living in such a place.
【小试牛刀】
（ ）— My mother can’t imagine ____ on line.
— Many people don’t know how to do it.
A. shop B. to shop C. shopping D. shopped
考点九: But many people have these difficulties. 但是很多人有这些困难。(P14)
【考点梳理】have difficulty (in) doing sth 做某事有困难
I’ll ask my friends for help when I have difficulty in doing something.
【小试牛刀】
（ ）— I have great difficulty in ________ the work by myself. Could you help me?
— No problem.
A. finished B. finishing C. to finish D. finish
考点十: I love animals and I was excited about the idea of having a dog.
我热爱动物，并且为能拥有一只狗这个主意感到兴奋。
【考点梳理】be excited about 对......感到激动
exciting adj.令人激动的 excited adj.感到激动的
【小试牛刀】
1. We are ________________ about the ________________ news.(excite)
（ ）2. —What __________ news!
—Yes. We are all ___________ about it.
A. exciting; exciting B. excited; excited C. exciting; excited
考点十一: For example, I say, “Lucky! Get my book,” and he does it at once. (P14)
例如，我说：“Lucky！把我的书拿来。” 它马上就照做。
【考点辨析】get/fetch, bring, take, carry
get/fetch
指从说话者所在地到某处，然后从某处把某物带回到说话者所在地, 动作是先去后回往返。
bring
指从别处把某人或某物带到说话人所在的地点，动作由远及近。
take
指从说话者所在地把某人或某物带走，动作由近及远。
carry
不特别表示带到什么地方，而携带或搬运的方式可以是提、扛、背、抱、抬等。
Don't forget to bring me that book next time you come.
When he leaves, he will take the book with him.
You have to fetch/get the book.
The box is too heavy for me to carry.
【小试牛刀】
( ) 1.—Sam, my iPhone is in my bedroom. Could you _____ it for me?
—No problem.
A. bring B. fetch C. take D. carry
( ) 2.—I’ve left my keys in the meeting room. Please ________ them for me.
—All right.
A. buy B. paint C. wash D. fetch
考点十二: I’ll send you a photo of him if you like, and I could show you how he helps me.(P14)
如果你喜欢我会给你寄张他的照片，并且我会告诉你他是如何帮助我的。
【考点梳理】if如果 引导真实条件状语从句，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时。（主将从现）
【小试牛刀】
( ) 1. Please hold on to your dream ______ one day it comes true.
A. if B. until C. unless D. though
( ) 2. The children will climb the hill if it___________ tomorrow.
A. won't rain B. didn't rain C. isn't raining D. doesn't rain
( ) 3. If Nancy ______ the exam, she will go to Australia for English study.
A. pass B. passed C. passes D. will pass
考点十三: The ideas that he came up with worked out fine.他提出的这些想法效果很好。(P16)
【考点梳理】work out的用法
work out意为“产生良好的结果；成效”。
Things worked out well for Jenny in the end.
If the traffic plan works out, it will be used in other cities, too.
【考点拓展】work out还可意为“解决；算出来”。
The problem is so difficult that I can't work it out.
Sometimes?parents?should?leave?their children?to?work?out?problems by themselves.
【小试牛刀】
( ) Xiongan New Area will help ______big problems in Beijing, such as traffic jams.
A. set out B. check out C. work out D. give out
大显身手
单项选择
( ) 1. Linda is _______ her mother in many ways．For example，they are both tall and thin．
A．similar to B．kind to C．friendly to D．different from
( ) 2. Lisa，please go to the study and _______ me that book．
A．take B．pass C．fetch D．carry
( ) 3. My grandparents’ clock doesn’t work．I’m trying to find a repairman who can _______ for them．
A．fix it up B．fix up it C．put up it D．put it up
( ) 4. This big bag is too heavy for the little boy _______. Who volunteers to help him?
A．carries B．carrying C．carried D．to carry
( ) 5. The window is broken．Please _______ who broke it．
A．looked B．found C．find out D．look at
( ) 6. The problem was too difficult for me to _________.
A. work out B. work it out C. work out it D. work on
( ) 7. Her cell phone number is 1356789900. Please ________.
A. write it down B. write down it C. write them down D. write down them
( ) 8. Miss Smith has made ________interesting for us to learn English by establishing English study group.
A. it B. this C. that D. her
( ) 9. It’s raining. You’d better ________umbrella with you.
A. bring B. take C. fetch D. get
( ) 10. She made a decision _________for a volunteer after-school program.
A. trying out B. handing out C. to try out D. to hand out

重点语法-- 动词不定式
一、 构成：动词不定式基本形式为：to+动词原形。有些动词不定式不带to。
在句中不能做谓语，to本身无意义。
二、功能及用法：
1. 用作主语 　　
多数情况用it作形式主语，把真正的主语——动词不定式置于句末，特别是不定式短语较长时。动词不定式作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
For him, to talk with his mother is necessary. =It is necessary for him to talk with his mother.
2. 用作表语
动词不定式作表语，常说明主语的内容、性质、特征。含有将来意义，常用语be动词的后面。　
My duty is to look after the animals.
3. 用作宾语
（1）可以接带to的动词不定式作宾语的动词主要有：想要，拒绝，忘记(want, refuse, forget)，
需要，努力，学习(need, try, learn)；选择，同意，帮助(choose, agree, help)
希望，决定，开始(hope /wish/expect, decide, begin /start)
　　We decided to talk to some students.
I forgot to close the window.
（2）动词decide, know, learn, show, teach, tell...后可用“疑问词+to的不定式短语”作宾语。
　　Could you please tell me where to park my car?
（3）动词feel, find, make, think等后面，可以用it作形式宾语，代替真正的宾语—动词不定式，句子结构是sb. feel / find / make / ...+ it+adj. / n.+to do...。　　
I find it difficult to remember everything.
（4）既可接动词不定式又可接v-ing形式作宾语，意思差别不太大的动词有begin, start, like, love等。
　　Then I started to watch English-language TV.
I like to eat vegetables.
4. 用作定语
动词不定式（短语）做定语常用来修饰名词或不定代词，置于被修饰词之后，即做后置定语。
—Would you like something to eat?
—Yes,please.好的。
【注意】
动词不定式(短语）做定语修饰名词时，与其所修饰的名词具有逻辑上的动宾关系，如果不定式中的动词为不及物动词，其后应加上一个含义上所需要的介词。
The old man has no house to live in.
5. 用作补语
在主、被动语态句里用带to的动词不定式作补语的动词主要有：要求允许提议(ask, allow, advise)，期望邀请鼓励(expect, suppose, invite, encourage)，教导告诉想要(teach, tell, want)，等待希望愿意(wait for, wish, would like / love)。
　She asked me not to speak Chinese in English class.
6. 用作状语, 其逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致。
（1）目的状语，置于句首或句末，置于句首时常表示强调。如：
　　A group of young people came here to(in order to) discuss this question.
（2）原因状语，多见于“sb.+be+adj.+to do...”结构句中。如：
I’m sorry to trouble you. I’m glad to see you.
（3）结果状语，多见于“too...to”，“enough to...”结构句中。如：
　　Then I’m too tired to do well. What should I do?
　　The room needs to be big enough for three people to live in.
（4）独立动词不定式多用作插入语，表示说话人的心理状态或对事情的看法。如：
　 To be honest, I only eat food that tastes good.
To begin with, she spoke too quickly, and I couldn’t understand every word.
7. 动词不定式的复合结构
动词不定式的复合结构是“for / of sb. to do sth.”，for / of引出不定式动作的逻辑主语。这种结构在句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等。
不定式复合结构作主语时，需注意：
　　　It’s + 形容词 + for / of + sb + to do sth.　for前面的形容词是dangerous, difficult, easy, hard, heavy, important, interesting, necessary等，一般说明不定式动作的特性，不说明人的特性。如：　　It’s dangerous for children to swim in the river.
当上面的形容词指的是sb的性质时，用介词of。这些形容词往往修饰人：careful, clever, foolish, good, kind, nice, wise,bad, polite, careless
如：It’s very nice of you to say so.
8. 动词不定式的否定式
　　不定式的否定式是not to do...，不带to的不定式的否定式是not do...如：
Sometimes they decide not to talk to each other.
9. 常见的与不定式连用的词组和句型。
【不带to的动词不定式句型】
Why not do…?=Why don’t you do …? had better (not) do …
would rather do … prefer to do rather than do
Could/Would/Will you please…?
【特殊用法】
1.不定式（短语）做主语时，常用it代替它做形式主语，而将不定式放到后面，有三种情况：
（1）It is +名词+to do sth.
It's our duty to protect the environment.
（2）It takes/took sb.+some time+to do sth.
How long did it take you to finish your homework?
（3）It is+形容词+(for /of sb.)+to do sth.
It is clever of you to do that.
It’s difficult for you to clean the house.
2. feel, find, make, think等动词后如果是不定式做宾语，宾语补足语是形容词或名词，常用it做形式
主语，把不定式后移。
I find it difficult to learn English well.
3. 省略to的动词不定式的四种情况。
（1）一感二听三使四看
一感二听三使四看，主动语态to省略
一感
二听
三使（使役动词）
四看
feel
hear、listen to
make、let、have （马兰花）
see、watch、notice、observe
（2）help后的不定式可省略to，也可带上to。
He often helps me (to) learn maths.
（3）在一些固定搭配中，如“had better do sth.”，“Why not do sth.?”, "would rather do sth.than do sth.”等。
【小试牛刀】
( ) 1. _______ is difficult to work out the maths problem.
A. This B. That C. It D. Its
( ) 2. We decided _______ at the end of this month.
A. travel B. not start out C. to leave D. going
( ) 3. They have no paper_______.
A. to write B. to write with C. write on D .to write on
( ) 4. Let him _______ a rest. I think he must be tired after the long walk.
A. has B. have C. to have
( ) 5. _______the computer is a problem.
A. How to use B. What to use C. Where to use D. Which to use
( ) 6. The teacher told us _______in bed.
A. don’t read B. read not C. to not read D. not to read
( ) 7. The old man was _______angry _______ say a word.
A. so, that B. as, as C. too, to D. very, to
( ) 8. Why _______home tomorrow?
A. not go B. not going C. not to go D. didn’t go
( ) 9. The TV set is too loud. Will you please _______?
A. turn down it B. turn it down C. to turn it down
( ) 10. It’s cold outside. You had better _______ your coat.
A. to put on B. putting on C. puts on D. put on

语篇翻译
It's important to teach children to create strong passwords（密码）.1.So why not remind them that passwords mustn’t be shared with anyone?
A strong password is a word that is as difficult as possible to guess because it looks like a set of random characters（随机字符）.
It's wise to use the whole keyboard to mix a password with letters, numbers and symbols. A password of 14 characters or more may be much safer.
The following tips will tell you how to create a strong and safe password:
Tip 1: 2.Think of a sentence that is easy to remember, but difficult to guess. For example: "My son Peter is five years old and my daughter Tina is one year old." 3.这个句子太长以至于它不可能是一个密码. So what you can do is to use the first letter of each word to make a new password that seems to be meaningless. That is "mspifyoamdtioyo"
Tip 2: 4.Make the password more difficult to guess by mixing big and small letters. One way to do this is to use big and small letters one after another. In this way this new password will be "MsPiFyOaMdTiOyO".
Tip 3: Still using the sentence above, you can also add numbers that are meaningful to you. As a result, the new password will be "Mspi5yOaMdTilyO".
Tip 4: Add punctuation（标点符号）and symbols to make the password much stronger. You may use symbols, numbers and punctuation to take the place of some letters which look similar. For example: "MsPi3y0@MdTi! y0". (o=0, a＝＠, 1=!）
5.对我们来说记住这些提示很有必要. They can help us to keep our personal information safe.
1. ________________________________________________________________________________________
2. ________________________________________________________________________________________
3. _________________________________________________________________________________________
4. ________________________________________________________________________________________
5. _________________________________________________________________________________________
HOMEWORK
I. 单项选择。
( ) 1. The classroom was a real mess. I decided________.
A. clean it up B. to clean it up C. clean up it D. to clean up it
( ) 2. —Mom, can I leave my homework for tomorrow?
—I'm afraid not. Don't________ what you can do today till tomorrow.
A. put on B. put down C. put up D. put off
( ) 3. My sister feels________ at school, because she has________ friends.
A. lonely; few B. alone; few C. lonely; little D. alone；little
( ) 4. The girl is________ a nice girl________ we all want to help her.
A. such; that B. too; to C. so; that D. very; that
( ) 5. —Lucy failed the exam. She must be very sad.
—Let's go and________.
A. wake her up B. cheer her up C. pick her up D. look her up
( ) 6. The teachers encourage their students to________ the problems by themselves, and in this way students can enjoy success.
A. give up B. work out C. look through D. set up
( ) 7. —Many young people usually offer their seats to the old on the bus.
—That's good. The old should be________.
A. looked for B. listened to C. depended on D. cared for
( ) 8. He________ his parents. Especially, he is like his mother.
A. takes after B. looks after C. runs after D. takes off
( ) 9. The woman in red________ a teacher. She works in a hospital now.
A. used to be B. is used to be C. was used to be D. is
( ) 10. Scientists are________ their best to________ ways to treat the terrible disease called H7N9.
A. try; give up B. trying; come up with
C. tries; look forward to D. tried; talk about
( ) 11. —The box is too heavy. I can't________ it.
— Don't worry. I can help you.
A. take B. bring C. carry D. get
( ) 12. We will have a field trip this afternoon. Everyone gets very________ hearing that.
A. excited B. scared C. happily D. luckily
( ) 13. The heavy snow didn't________ the international airlines.
A. pay attention to B. add to C. make a difference to D. keep to
( ) 14. —Who is the________ of this house?
—My aunt. She bought it last month.
A. singer B. engineer C. owner D. writer
( ) 15. —Look! Some girls are dancing in the playground.
—Yes. They want to________ money for poor students.
A. sell B. leave C. plan D. raise
II. 阅读表达。
I and many other people in Britain love charity(慈善) shops because we can find them on every street. The charity shops sell all kinds of things and they are very cheap.
The first charity shop was opened by Oxfam in 1947. Now there are over 7,000 charity shops in the UK. My favorite charity shop in my hometown is the Red Cross Shop. There I always find children’s books, all 10 to 20 pence each. They are really cheap.
Most of the shop workers in charity shops are volunteers, _________ each shop has a manager and he gets some money. Every morning you see hags of things outside the shops. Some people bring and put them there without waiting for thanks. In fact, over 90% of the things in charity shops are from kind people.
All the money the shops get goes to charity work. Charity shops raise more than 110 million pounds every year. The money is for sick and poor children, homeless and disabled people, and many others. In a charity shop you can get cheap but nice things. You might even feel special while shopping.
If possible, let’s do something for charity together.
16. What do the charity shops sell?
__________________________________________________________
17. 从短文中找出可以替换下面句子的一句话。
Oxfam opened the first charity shop in 1947.
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18. 在短文第三段的空白处填入一个适当的连词，使句意完整通顺。
19. How much do charity shops raise every year?
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20. 将短文划线部分（第五段）的英语句子译成汉语。
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每日记背
一、词性转换
1. repair → (n.) reparation 2. broken → (v.) break
3. disabled → (v.) disable 4. imagine → (n.) imagination
5. difficulty → (adj.) difficult 6. carry→ (pt.) carried
7. training → (v.) train 8. kindness → (adj.) kind
9. understand →(pt.)understood 10. interest → (adj) interesting

二、短语归纳
1. raise money 筹钱;募捐 2. take after 与......相像;像
3. give away 赠送;捐赠 4. fix up 修理;修补;解决
5. be similar to 与……相似 6. set up 建立;设立
7. disabled people 残疾人 8. make a difference 影响;有作用
9. be able to 能够 10. after-school reading program课外阅读项目

三、句型集萃
1. get a feeling of… 有……感觉
2. decide to do sth. 决定做某事
3. help sb.(to) do sth 帮助某人做某事
4. make a difference to 对……产生影响
5. make it possible for sb. to fo sth 使得做某事对某人来说是可能的














八下Unit 2 Section B 答案
温故知新
1. clean up 2. cheer 3. cheer up 4. give out 5. volunteer
6. come up with 7. put off 8. sign 9. notice 10. hand out
11. call up 12. used to 13. lonely 14. care for
考点一：BB 考点二：BA 考点四：BA 考点五：AD 考点六： AB 考点七：C
考点八: C 考点九：B 考点十：excited; exciting; C 考点十一：BD 考点十二：BDCC
大显身手 1-5 ACADC 6-10 AAABC
不定式：1-5 CCDBA 6-10 DCABD
语篇翻译：
1. 因此为什么不提醒他们密码是不能和任何人分享的？
2. 想一个容易记住但是很难猜到的句子.
3. This sentence is so long that it can't be a password.
4. 通过混合大小写字母让密码更难猜测。
5. It is very necessary for us to remember these tips.
Homework
1-5. B D A A B 6-10 B D A A B 11-15 C A C C D
16. All kinds of things.
17. The first charity shop was opened by Oxfam in 1947.
18. although/though/but
19. More than 110 million pounds every year.
20. 如果可能的话，让我们一起为慈善事业做点事吧。