Unit 10 I've had this bike for three years. Section B 讲义 （含答案）

学生姓名
班级
辅导学科 英语
上课时间
课次 第 _____ 次课 授课主题 I’ve had this bike for three years.
Section B
教学重点 八下Unit 10 SectionB重点词汇和短语的应用
教学难点 现在完成时（三）
本次课教案：
【温故知新】
1. 察看；观察 _______________ 2.清理；丢掉_______________
3. 不再；不复 _______________ 4.属于自己的_______________
5.放弃、交出 _______________ 6.至于；关于_______________
考点一：Nowadays, millions of Chinese leave the countryside to search for work in the cities.
现在，数以百万计的中国人离开农村到城市里找工作。(P78)
【考点梳理】to search for为动词不定式做目的状语，用来修饰动词，表示某一状态或动作的目的。
【考点梳理】nowadays的用法
nowadays为副词，意为“现今；现在；目前”，相当于these days，at present。通常用于一般现在
时，多用于句首，表示时间，常在句中做状语，该词含有与过去相比较的意味。
Nowadays, most kids prefer watching TV to reading.
【考点梳理】search for的用法
search for意为“寻找，搜寻，探索”，相当于look for。
They are searching for a better way to solve the problem.
【考点辨析】look for, search, search for
1. look for是寻找的通俗说法，指寻找某人或某物；指物时，表示寻找遗忘或遗失的东西。
What are you looking for? 你在找什么?
2. search用于对某处或地点进行搜查，用于人时指“搜身”。常用结构：search+地点+for sb./sth.。
The police searched his house for the lost child.
3. search for是比较正式的用语，做“寻找；搜寻；探索”讲，指竭力想找到某人或某物，如寻人、找工作
找矿、找文件等，这些人或物都是失踪了的或希望得到而一下子没能得到的，强调寻找的行为，有时
相当于look for。
【配套例题】
( ) —Tom, my keys were lost. Can you help me to ________ them?
—Sure, where did you lose them?
A. look after B. search for C. go out D. set up
考点二：Among these is Zhong Wei, a 46 year old husband and father.
钟伟就是这些人中一个，一个46岁的丈夫和父亲。(P78)
【结构分析】本句是一个倒装句，在英语中，有时为了强调内容或为了避免句子头重脚轻，会用完全倒
装结构，将介词短语置于句首，谓语动词置于主语前。
【考点梳理】among, between
1. among指三者或三者以上的“在………中间；在……之间”。
He is sitting among the classmates.
They live among the mountains.
2. between表示“在……中间”时，指“在两者之间”，如果指三个以上人或物中的每两个之间，仍然要用between。
There's a small river between the two villages.
He told me to take some medicine between three meals every day.
The teacher Is sitting between Tom and John, and sometimes he stands among the students.
【配套例题】
He is the tallest one ______________(在……当中) the boys.
考点三：He has lived in Wenzhou for the last 18 years. 过去的13年里，他住在温州。(P78)
【结构分析】时间状语for the last 13 years表示从现在算起在过去一段时间内，通常要与现在完成时连用。the last...year(s)是现在完成时的标志。
The house has changed hands three times in the last two years.
I have been here for the last two weeks.
We've planted thousands of trees in the past five years.
【配套例题】
( ) In the last twenty years great changes ______________ in Chongqing.
A. took place B. have taken place C. take place
考点四：It's a shame, but I just don't have the time...很遗憾，但是我只是没时间…(P78)
【考点梳理】shame的用法
shame在此处为可数名词，意为“令人惋惜的事”，常与不定冠词a连用。
It's a shame for you not to see the film. 你没看这部电影真遗憾。
【固定搭配】
1. It's a shame (+that从句)真遗憾……
It's a shame that you can't stay for dinner. 你不能留下吃晚饭，真遗憾。
2. That's a shame! / What a shame! / It's a shame! 真遗憾/多可惜啊！
— I have to finish my homework so I can’t go to the movies with you.
— What a shame!
3. It's a shame to do sth.……真是可惜/真遗憾。
It’s a shame to lose this game.
【考点拓展】
shame还可做不可数名词，意为“羞耻；羞愧；惭愧”。to one's shame: “令某人感到惭愧的是”。
To her shame, she gained back all the weight she'd lost.
【配套例题】
( ) —The air pollution in the small town is getting worse. People have to wear thick masks almost every day.
— ______________!
A. What a shame B. What shame C. What a surprise D. What surprise
考点五：Many people like Zhong Wei regard with great interest how their hometowns have changed.
许多人像钟伟一样带着极大的兴趣看待着他们家乡的变化。(P78)
【考点梳理】regard的用法
本句中的regard为动词，意为“看待”，后接宾语how their hometowns have changed。
with great interest在句中做状语。
Mr. Li is regarded as the most popular teacher in our school. 李老师被认为是我们学校最受欢迎的老师。
【考点拓展】regard 作名词时常用复数regards, 表示“致意；问候”。
Please give my regards to your parents. 请代我向你的父母致意。
【固定搭配】
1. regard...as把………当作/认为/视为，相当于treat...as 或consider...as, regard和as后面都接名词/代词。
1 regard him as a friend.
2. as regards至于；关于。
As regards myself, I can only say that I'm hard-working.
【配套例题】根据汉语意思完成句子。
杨绛被她的丈夫钱钟书视为最贤的妻，最才的女。
Yang Jiang was __________ __________ the most virtuous wife and the most talented female by her husband.
考点六：Children have learned to read and count at my old primary school since the mid-20th century.
自从20世纪中期孩子们就在我的旧小学里学习读书和数数了。(P78)
【考点梳理】century的用法
century为名词，意为“百年，世纪”，相当于one hundred years,某一世纪的表达法：the+序数词+century，表示多少世纪时，定冠词the必须有。
The building was built in the 19th century.
【考点拓展】
1. “in the 1760s=in the 1760's”表示“在18世纪60年代”。
2. 表示某世纪（年代）的早期、中期和后期，可以在定冠词后添加early, mid-和late
【配套例题】中译英。
鲁迅出生于19世纪80年代。
__________________________________________________________________
考点七：According to Zhong Wei, however, some things will never change.
然而，据钟伟所说，一些事物将永远不会改变。（P78)
【考点梳理】according to的用法
according to意为“依据；按照”，表示信息来自别人或别的地方，而不是来自我们自己已经知道的情况，其中to为介词、后常接名词或代词，to后接表示人的名词时，according to表示“按…所说”。
I'll finish the work according to your advice.
According to my watch, it's time for dinner.
According to the English law, he is innocent.
考点八：In my hometown, there was a big old tree opposite the school.
在我的家乡，学校对面有一棵很大的老树。(P78)
【考点梳理】opposite的用法
1. opposite作介词，意为“在……对面”，相当于across from，常与名词一起构成介词短语，表方位。
They live opposite the bank.
2. opposite作形容词，意为“另一边的；对面的；相反的”。
We live on the opposite side of the road. 我们住在马路对面。
3. opposite作副词，意为“在对面”。
There’s an old man living opposite. 有一个老人住在对面。
4. opposite作名词，意为“相反的人或物；对立面”，常与介词of一起使用。例如：
“ Tall” is the opposite of “short”. “高”是“矮”的反义词。
考点九：Most of the children in my time liked to play together under that big tree, especially during the summer holidays.
在我的那个年代，大多数的孩子都喜欢在那棵大树下一起玩耍，特别是在暑假的时候。(P78)
【考点梳理】especially 的用法
especially为副词，意为“尤其，特别，格外”，修饰形容词、动词等，不能位于句首。当陈述某一事实之后，要列举一个具有代表性的例子做进一步强调时，常用especially，其后可接名词、介词短语、从句等
She is especially fond of chocolate biscuits.
【考点辨析】especially,specially
1. especially “尤其、特别” ，用于列举某事或某物的特殊程度。
She never likes long walks, especially in hot days.
2. specially “专门，特地”，多指为了某一特别的目的而做某事。
The bikes are specially made for children.
【配套例题】
( ) — How do you feel about your hometown?
— It's beautiful, _________ in winter.
A. nearly B. specially C. expensively D. especially
考点十：consider考虑 (P79)
【考点梳理】consider的用法
consider为及物动词，意为“注视；仔细考虑”，可接名词、代词、动名词、带疑问词的动词不定式或wh-从句做宾语。接动名词做宾语时，可用于进行时态。
I am considering changing my job.
【固定搭配】
1. consider +名词/代词 “考虑…”
Please consider my suggestion.
2. consider doing sth. “考虑做某事”
I first considered writing to him, but then decided to see him by myself.
3. consider sb. to be... “认为某人...”
I consider him to be a clever boy.
4. consider +从句 “认为...”
I consider that he is a selfish man.
【配套例题】
( ) — I’m considering ____________ abroad for further study, but I haven’t decided yet.
— You'd better ask your English teacher for some advice.
A. going B. to go C. go
考点十一：... and his hometown is still the place that holds all his childhood...
...他的家乡仍是那个保留着他所有童年记忆的地方……(P79)
【考点梳理】hold的用法
hold为及物动词时，意为“拥有；抓住”，其过去式和过去分词均为held。
The little girl held her father's hand.
【考点拓展】hold v.举行；召集；主持；握住。
They were holding a meeting.
She was holding a book in her hand.
【固定搭配】
hold on坚持；（电话）别挂；稍等 hold back 阻止 hold out 伸出
hold (on) to坚持 hold up举起
【配套例题】
( ) Although Yang Liping is a well-known dancer, she still____________ a simple country life.
A. hold back B. hold up C. hold on to D. hold out
重点语法--现在完成时（三）
一、基本用法
某些动词的现在完成时可表示过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在的动作或状态，常与“for十一段时间”或“since+过去的时间点或从句”连用。
Mr. Black has taught in China since 2010.
Mr. Black has taught in China for ten years.
二、特殊用法
动词按其动作发生的方式、发生过程的长短可分为延续性动词与非延续性动词。
1. 延续性动词表示的动作能够延续，如learn, work, stand,lie, know, walk, keep, read, sleep, live, stay等，可以与表示一段时间的状语连用，表示经过、经历。
I have learnt English for three years.
2. 非延续性动词也叫瞬间动词，还叫终止性动词或短暂性动词，它所表示的动作一经发生立即完结，不再延续，即行为的结果。常见的这类动词有：come, go, leave, open, close, begin, start, buy, borrow, join, die等。
（1）非延续性动词不能与for或since引导的表示一段时间的状语连用。
（2）非延续性动词不能与how long引导的疑问句连用。
3. 非延续性动词如果和for、since引导的状语连用以及how long引导的疑问句连用，必须改为延续性动词。
非延续性动词 延续性动词
buy have
borrow keep
open be open
close be closed
begin/start be on
come be here
go be there
marry be married
die be dead
put on wear
wake up awake
fall asleep be asleep
join be in
leave be away
【小试牛刀】
( )1. Betty ________ hard since last term. That's why her exam results are so good!
A. has worked B. will work C. worked D. was working
( )2. —I'm sorry for being late.
— Never mind. The meeting ________ for only 5 minutes. This way, please.
A. has begun B. has ended C. has been on D. has started
( )3. I _________ in the city since I left school.
A. live B. will live C. was living D. have lived
( )4. — How long is it since he ________ this school?
— He ________ for three years.
A. has left; has left B. left; has been away C. leaves; has left D. has left; has left
( )5. —You have a nice car.
— Thank you. I ________ it for less than one month.
A. bought B. have bought C. had D. have had
( )6. Since we began to use the Internet, our lives ________ a lot.
A. change B. had changed C. will change D. have changed
( )7. — Over 100 countries and organizations ________ support to the Belt and Road Initiative since 2013.
— Wonderful! Our circle of friends is growing bigger!
A. give B. have given C. gave D. will give
( )8. Her grandfather ________ a car in 2007. He ________ the car for 10 years.
A. buy; has bought B.bought; has had C.buys; has had D.bought; has bought
( )9. Lily is my classmate.We ________ each other since she came to our school.
A. know B. knew C. have known D. will know
( )10. — Do you know her well?
—Sure. We ________ friends since ten years ago.
A. were B. became C. has become D. have been
Homework
一、完形填空
We live in a forest in Zambia(赞比亚). There aren't any neighbor ________1 nearby. And this community school is about an hour's drive from our home. It ________2 169 students from Grade 1 to Grade 7. There are four teachers in the school. They are volunteers and they teach students ________3 getting any money. But sometimes students will give ________4 teachers some chicken and corn. There are over 70 languages in Zambia. English is the most popular and ________5 of the students can speak English.
There is no running water in the school and the water pump (水泵) is broken. Teachers and students can't ________6 it for two months. So they have to ________7 their water from a nearby river. During school holidays, it always rains ________8 and the grass grows taller and taller. When school opens again, students will ________9 the grass and the school ground.
Most children in Zambia go to the community schools ________10 other schools are too far for them to go to. They like their schools and they love their teachers.
1. A. restaurants B. classrooms C. schools D. libraries
2. A. serves for B. serves C. works D. works with
3. A. of B. with C. for D. without
4. A. their B. his C. her D. your
5. A. best B. more C. much D. most
6. A. dig B. use C. fill D. solve
7. A. send B. touch C. get D. borrow
8. A. heavily B. loudly C. quickly D. comfortably
9. A. raise B. cut C. clean D. choose
10. A. if B. because C. unless D. so
二、 阅读理解
I was traveling alone through the UK. To reach places that were off the public transportation map, I bought an old car, which cost most of my money. I couldn't afford to stay in the hotel, so I had to camp in my car for the rest of the trip.
One morning I awoke in my old car on a country road in Ireland and saw a single house. The water in my thermos (保温瓶) had gone cold, so I knocked on the door of the house. A woman opened it. I asked her for some hot water. But she wouldn't let me get away with just that! I was invited indoors. She asked me to sit at the table and have breakfast with her family. They filled my thermos before I left.
I was greatly moved. And I decided to pass the kindness on. The other day I met a young man who had been driving around to look for a parking lot. He looked increasingly upset. I was glad that I was able to point one out to him. His thankful smile was the hugest reward (奖赏) for me.
1. The writer bought the car in order to ________.
A. serve the public B. travel more easily
C. take the trip alone D. save more money
2. Why did the writer camp in his car?
A. Because he was short of money.
B. Because it was his habit.
C. Because he could have a better rest.
D. Because it would be warmer.
3. The writer asked the woman for ________.
A. a map B. a thermos
C. some hot water D. a light breakfast
4. How did the young man feel at last?
A. Funny. B. Upset.
C. Disappointed. D. Thankful.
5. What's the main idea of the text?
A. Traveling along is interesting. B. Sharing food is a pleasure.
C. Kindness is the sunshine in life. D. Smile is important to everybody.
三、任务型阅读
“Without music, life would be a mistake, ” famous German philosopher (哲学家) Friedrich Nietzsche said over a century ago. Music is a (A) big part of our lives. But in recent years, some US schools have cut music classes to control budgets (预算).
For example, Chicago public schools hurt arts education when they fired (解雇) over 1, 000 teachers. Among (B)them,__10 percent of the teachers taught art or music, according to The Washington Times. In fact, this is not just a problem in the US. In other (C)________, such as China and Britain, music class is not thought to be as important as classes like science, math and history. That's partly because music is not seen as a very important life skill, and it doesn't use an exam system (体系). (D)许多学生忙于作业, so parents and students choose to focus on subjects that are tested more often.
However, learning music is beneficial (有益的) in many ways.
Playing music is not as (E ) simple as it looks, according to Kenneth Guilmartin of Music Together, an early childhood music development program. (F) When making music, you need different abilities to work together. For example, when playing the piano, people see music notes and decode (解码器) them in their brains. They also use their fingers to make sounds. You need to deal with all these things at the same time.
Music has a special connection with science as well. You can see that many (G) ________ are good at playing music: Einstein played the violin, and German physicist Max Planck was talented in playing the piano.
1. 写出文中画线部分(A)和(E)的同义词或近义词：________；________
2. 文中画线部分(B)指代的是：________
3. 在文中(C)和(G)的空白处填入适当的单词：________；________
4. 将文中画线部分(D)译成英语：________________________________
5. 将文中画线部分(F)改写为：Different abilities ________ ________ to work together when you are making music.
每日记背
重点单词
1. among? prep.??在（其）中;?......之一? 2. shame????n.?羞耻;?羞愧;?惭愧?
3. regard?v.将......认为;?把......视为? 4. count???v.?数数?
5. century???n.?百年;?世纪 6. opposite? prep.;与...相对;?在...对面adj.?对面的?
7. especially??adv.?尤其;?特别;?格外? 8. childhood??n.?童年;?幼年?
9. consider???v.?注视;?仔细考虑? 10. hold?v.?(held,?held)?拥有;?抓住
八下Unit 10 Section B答案
温故知新
1.check out 2.clear out 3.no longer 4.own 5.part with 6.as for
考点一：B 考点二：among 考点三：B 考点四：A 考点五：regarded as
考点六：Lu Xun was born in the 1880s. 考点九：D 考点十：A 考点十一: C
重点语法 小试牛刀 1-5 ACDBD 6-10 DBBCD
Homework
一、 CBDAD BCACB
二、BACDC
三、1. large; easy
2. teachers
3. countries; scientists
4. Many students are busy with homework
5. are needed