2021年中考语法冲刺总练习-主谓一致讲解及提升练习（有答案）

中考语法冲刺总练习-主谓一致讲解及提升练习
一、
主谓一致:指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致，主谓一致必须遵循三原则：语法一致原则，意义一致原则，就近一致原则。
　　1.
语法一致：指主语是单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语也用复数形式。
例如：Maria
is
a
successful
singer
.
玛利亚是一个成功的歌唱家。
　　
They
often
play
football
on
the
playground.
　他们经常在操场上踢足球。
　　2.
意义一致：指主语形式上为单数，但意义为复数，因此谓语动词用复数形式；或主语形式上为复数，但表示单数意义，这是谓语动词用单数形式。
例如：My
family
are
having
lunch
now.
　我们一家人现在正吃午饭。
　　
Twenty
dollars
is
too
expensive
for
the
book.
　这本书20美元太贵了。
　　3.
就近一致：指谓语动词用单数形式还是用复数形式，取决于最靠近它的主语。
例如：There
is
a
pen
and
some
books
on
the
desk.
课桌上有一支钢笔和一些书。
Not
only
the
students
but
also
their
English
teacher
likes
playing
football.
不仅老师喜欢踢足球，而且他的学生也喜欢踢足球。
　　
　　
二、常考题型。
以下是谓语动词用单数的情况：
1.
不可数名词作主语时，谓语用单数形式。
例如：Some
water
is
in
the
bottle.
　一些水在瓶子里。
　　2.
many
a+单数名词作主语，意义虽为“许多”，但谓语要用单数形式。
例如：Many
a
student
has
been
to
Shanghai.
　许多学生到过上海。
　　3.
more
than
one+单数名词作主语，谓语用单数。
例如：More
than
one
student
has
ever
been
to
Beijing.不止一个学生曾经去过北京。
　　4.
表示时间，价格，重量，数目，长度，数学运算等的词或短语作主语时，这些通常作一个整体概念，谓语用单数形式。
例如：Two
months
is
a
long
holiday.
两个月是一个长假。
　　
Tweney
pounds
isn’t
so
heavy.
　2
0英镑并不太重。
　
　Ten
miles
isn’t
a
long
distance.
　1
0英里并不是一段很长的距离。
　　
Five
minus
four
is
one.
　　5减4等于1。
　
5.
主语是each/every+单数名词+and(each/every)+单数名词时，谓语动词用单数。
例如：Each
boy
and
each
girl
has
got
a
seat.
每个男孩和女孩都有一个座位。
　　
Every
man
and
every
woman
is
at
work.
每个男人和女人都在工作。
　　6.
one
and
a
half+复数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。
例如：One
and
a
half
hours
is
enough.
　　一个半小时足够了。
　　7.
动词不定式，动名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
例如：To
see
is
to
believe
　　眼见为实。
　　
Doing
eye
exercises
is
good
for
your
eyes.
做眼睛保健操对你的眼睛十分有益。
　　8.
a/an+单数名词+or
two
作主语，谓语动词用单数。
例如：A
student
or
two
has
failed
the
exam.
　　一两个学生考试不及格。
　　9.
当主语部分含有with，together
with，along
with，as
well
as，besides，except，but，like等介词或介词短语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
例如：Mike
with
his
father
has
been
to
England.
迈克同他的父亲去过英格兰。
　　
Mike,like
his
brother,enjoys
playing
football.　迈克像他的哥哥一样喜欢踢足球。
　
10.不定代词（也叫复合不定代词）somebody,someone,something,anybody,
anyone，anything,everybody,everyone,everything,nobody,no
one,nothing作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
例如：Is
everyone
here
today？
今天大家到齐了吗？
　　
Something
is
wrong
with
him.
他有毛病。
　　
Nobody
was
in.
没有人在家。
Everyone
knows
about
him?每个人都知道他。
　　
11.
当each,either,neither,another,the
other
（或跟of）作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
例如：Neither
answer
is
correct.　两个答案都不正确。
Each
of
them
has
an
English
dictionary.
他们每人都有一本英语词典。
　
　12.
以—s
结尾的名词本身不表示复数意义，谓语通常用单数形式，如news,maths,physics等。
例如：No
news
is
good
news.
没有消息就是好消息。
　　
Maths
is
very
popular
in
our
class.
　　在我们班数学很受欢迎。
13.
the+形容词表示一类人时，谓语动词用复数形式，表示抽象概念时，用单数形式。
例如：The
beautiful
lives
forever.
美是永存的。
The
poor
are
very
happy,but
the
rich
are
sad.
穷人很快乐，富人却过得不快乐。
以下是谓语动词用单数和复数的情况：
14.
由and连接的两个单数名词作主语时，一般用复数形式，但and所连接的并列主语是同一个人，事物，或概念时，谓语动词用单数。这两种情况区分如下：a/the+单数名词+and+单数名词，指的是同一个人或物；a/the+单数名词+and+a/the+单数名词，指两个人或物。
例如：The
writer
and
teacher
is
coming.
那位作家兼教师来了。(作家和教师指同一个人)
　　
The
writer
and
the
teacher
are
coming.
作家和老师来了。(作家和老师是两个人)
　
15.
people,police等集体名词作主语，谓语动词用复数形式；family,class,group,team等集体名词作主语，若指一个整体时，谓语动词用单数形式，若指一个具体成员时，谓语动词复数形式。
例如：People
here
are
very
friendly.
这儿的人很友好。（people指这儿的很多人）
　
My
family
all
like
watching
TV.
　我们一家人都喜欢看电视。（family
all指一家人都）
His
family
isn’t
large.
他家的人不多。（family指他的家庭这一个整体）
　
16.
a
number
of+复数名词作主语，谓语动词用复数；
the
number
of
+复数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。
例如：The
number
of
the
students
is
over
eight
houndred.
我们学校的学生数超过800人。
A
number
of
famous
people
were
invited
to
party.　许多名人都被邀请参加这个聚会。
　
以下是谓语动词用单数和复数跟表示数量的词一致：
17.
当kind
of,pair
of,
glass
of
等表示确定数量的名词短语修饰主语时，谓语动词与kind,pair,glass等的单复数一致。
例如：This
pair
of
shoes
is
Tom’s.
这双鞋是汤姆的。
　　There
are
two
glasses
of
wather
on
the
table.
桌上有两杯水。
以下是谓语动词用复数或就近原则：
　
18.
由both…and…（两个）都连接两个单数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；
但由or,either…or…或者……或者……;不是……就是……，neither…nor…既不…也不…,not
only…but
also…不但……而且……,not…but…,连接两个名词或代词作主语时，根据就近原则决定谓语动词形式。
例如：Both
his
father
and
his
mother
are
both
teachers.
　他的爸爸和妈妈都是老师。
　
　Tom
or
Jack
is
wrong.
　　不是汤姆就是杰克错了。
　　
Either
this
one
or
that
one
is
OK.
　这一个或那一个都行。
　
19.
以here，there开头的句子，若主语在两个或两个以上，谓语动词通常与临近的主语一致。
例如：There
is
a
book
and
three
pens
on
the
desk.
　桌子上有一本书，三只钢笔。
　　Here
are
some
books
and
paper
for
you.
　这是给你的书和纸。
注意：表示两者的both,?either与neither
?1.both,?either和neither都用来谈论两者：both?意为“（两者）都”，either意为“（两者中）任意一个”，neither?意为“（两者）都不”。若要指三者或三者以上，分别用?all?意为“（三者）都”，any?意为“（三者中）任何一个”，none?意为“（三者）都不”等。
比较：
He
has
two
sons,
both
of
whom
are
clever.?他有两个儿子，都很聪明。
He
has
three
sons,
all
of
whom
are
clever.?他有三个儿子，都很聪明。
He
has
two
sons,
either
of
whom
is
clever.?他有两个儿子，哪个都很聪明。
He
has
three
sons,
any
of
whom
is
clever.?他有三个儿子，哪个都很聪明。
He
has
two
sons,
neither
of
whom
is
clever.?他有两个儿子，两个都不聪明。
He
has
three
sons,
none
of
whom
are
clever.?他有三个儿子，个个都不聪明。
?它们既可用作代词，也可用作形容词。用作形容词时，both?后接复数名词，而?either?和?neither?之后要接单数可数名词。
如：
Both
of
the
brothers
are
here.?/?Both
brothers
are
here.?兄弟俩都在这儿。
Either
of
the
books
will
do.?/?Either
book
will
do.?两本书中哪一本都行。
Neither
of
the
stories
is
interesting.?/Neither
story
is
interesting.?两个故事都没有趣。
代词both,
either,
neither?用作主语时，both?之后的谓语动词总是复数，either?和?neither?后的谓语动词通常用单数。
3.?这3个词都可用作连词，但搭配和意义各不相同。总的说来，要注意它们应连接两个平行对等的句子成分（即同为两个主语、谓语、宾语、状语等）：
(1)?both…and…?表示两者兼有。
如：
She
was
both
tired
and
hungry.?她又累又饿。
He
speaks
both
English
and
French.?他既说英语又说法语。
?either…or…?表示两者或两种可能性中任择其一。
如：
I
will
go
on
business
either
this
week
or
next
week.?我将在这星期或下星期出差。
You
can
either
come
by
bus
or
take
a
taxi.?你可以坐公共汽车来，也可以乘出租车来。
?neither…nor…?表示两者都否定。
如：
Neither
Simon
nor
Sally
can
swim.?西蒙和萨利都不会游泳。
He
neither
knows
nor
cares
what
happened.?他对发生的事情不闻不问。
以上连词连接主语时，both…and…?一般只与复数谓语连用，either…or…和neither…nor…?则通常根据就近原则，要求谓语动词与最邻近主语的人称、数保持一致。如：
Neither
he
nor
she
was
at
home.?他和她都不在家。
Either
my
father
or
my
brothers
are
coming.?不是我父亲就是我兄弟要来。
4.?注意下面两个同义句：
（1）两边都有商店。
正：There
are
shops
on
both
sides.
正：There
are
shops
on
either
side.
（2）两个我都不要。
正：I
want
neither
of
them.
正：I
don’t
want
either
of
them.
?巩固提升：
一、单选题
1．Tom
along
with
his
friends
________
going
to
Shanghai
next
week.
A．are
B．be
C．am
D．is
2．The
survey
on
the
children________that
more
than
five
sixths
of
the
students________interested
in
science
books
because
they
seems
a
little
boring.
A．show;
is
B．shows;
are
C．shows;
is
D．show;
are
3．The
singer
and
the
writer
______
come
to
the
meeting.
A．has
B．is
C．have
D．are
4．_________
Jim
_________
his
cousin
_________
America
several
times，but
neither
of
them
knows
the
country
well.
A．Both；and；have
gone
to
B．Either；or；has
been
to
C．Not
only；but
also；has
been
to
D．Not
only；but
also；have
been
to
5．If
you
want
to
drive
on
Mars,
you
can
buy
a
car
which
________.
A．floats
in
the
air
B．float
on
the
air
C．floating
in
the
air
D．floats
on
the
air
6．—What
kind
of
movies
do
you
prefer?
—I
prefer
the
movies
_________me
something
to
think
about.
A．which
give
B．that
gives
C．which
gives
D．who
gives
7．Neither
my
parents
nor
my
head
teacher
___________
me
to
play
computer
games
too
much.
They
think
it
is
harmful
to
my
health.
A．allowed
B．will
allow
C．allows
8．There
is
going
to
_____
a
car
exhibition
in
Sunshine
Town
tomorrow.
A．has
B．have
C．be
D．hold
9．There
a
concert
on
Qixing
Square
next
Monday
evening.
Shall
we
go
there
together?
A．is
B．is
going
to
C．is
going
to
be
D．will
have
10．Not
only
Tom
but
also
I
______from
the
city
of
Paris.
A．am
B．is
C．are
D．was
11．—______
you
______
your
sister
has
learned
a
lot
in
the
school
over
the
three
years.
—
Yes,
so
we
really
want
to
say
thanks
to
our
kind
and
caring
teachers
who
have
given
us
wonderful
memories.
A．Either;
or
B．Neither;
nor
C．Not
only;
but
also
D．Both;
and
12．There
must
______
a
monkey
_______
bananas
in
the
zoo..
A．be;
eating
B．have;
eating
C．be;
eats
D．have;to
eat
13．The
number
of
teachers
in
our
school
________
60
and
a
number
of
them
________
men
teachers.
A．is；is
B．is；are
C．are；is
D．are；are
14．
One
of______
pieces
of
music
that
I
have
ever
heard______
Liangzhu.
A．the
most
moving;
are
B．the
most
moved;
are
C．the
most
moving；is
D．the
most
moved；is
15．Gina
along
with
her
parents______
going
to
France
next
week.
A．is
B．are
C．was
D．were
16．______
my
father
______
my
mother
take
good
care
of
me.
I
love
them
so
much.
A．Either,
or
B．Neither,
nor
C．Both,
and
D．Not
only,
but
also
17．--Where
is
Grace?
--She
with
her
brother
playing
basketball
at
school.
A．is
practice
B．is
practicing
C．are
practicing
D．are
practice
18．There
________
a
class
meeting
tomorrow.Please
get
to
the
classroom
on
time.
A．is
B．will
have
C．will
D．will
be
19．The
number
of
students
who
_______
the
music
club
_______
over
30.
A．join;
is
B．join;
are
C．take
part
in;
are
D．take
part
in;
is
20．--
the
young
the
old
are
getting
interested
in
WeChat.
--Yes.
WeChat
is
very
useful.
People
can
communicate
more
freely.
A．Not
only;
but
also
B．Neither;
nor
C．Not;
but
D．Either;
or
21．—Mike,
please
turn
down
the
music,
____Lucy
_____Lily
are
sleeping.
—Sorry,
I’ll
do
it
right
away.
A．neither;
nor
B．either;
or
C．not
only;
but
also
D．both;
and
22．There
a
number
of
books
in
the
library
and
the
number
of
them
increasing.
A．has;is
B．have;are
C．are;is
D．is;are
23．
Every
student
as
well
as
all
the
teachers
______asked
to
be
on
the
playground
to
have
a
school
meeting
at
once.
A．am
B．is
C．are
24．Tom
with
other
boys
to
go
to
the
game.
A．want
B．to
want
C．wants
25．The
story
______
me,
that
is,
I
am
_______
at
the
______
story.
A．surprise;
surprising;
surprised
B．surprises;
surprised;
surprised
C．surprise;
surprised;
surprising
D．surprises;
surprised;
surprising
26．She
as
well
as
her
classmates________
English
very
much.
A．like
B．Likes
C．have
liked
D．liked
27．There
________
a
concert
next
Monday
evening.
A．is
B．is
going
to
C．is
going
to
be
D．will
have
28．A
lot
of
people
think
there
________
more
e-books
than
paper
books
in
the
near
future.
A．are
B．have
C．will
be
D．will
have
29．The
train
________
at
11.
A．going
to
arrive
B．will
be
arrive
C．is
going
to
D．is
arriving
30．There
used________
a
sign
in
front
of
the
cage,
and
it
was
used
________
the
tourists
to
stay
away
from
the
lions
in
the
zoo.
A．to
have;
to
warn
B．to
have;
to
warning
C．to
be;
to
warn
D．to
be;
to
warning
31．This
pair
of
shoes________Mom,
and
it________very
comfortable.
A．was
made
with;
is
felt
B．were
made
from;
is
felt
C．were
made
by;
feels
D．was
made
by;
feels
32．We're
not
sure
_____________there'll
be_____________
or
not
tomorrow.
A．if;
rains
B．if;
rainy
C．whether;
rain
D．whether;
raining
33．Not
only
Jim
but
also
his
sister
________
a
few
cities
in
the
south
since
they
came
to
China.
A．have
visited
B．has
visited
C．visited
D．visits
34．___________
famous
Chinese
songs,
such
as
The
Love
Song
of
Kangding
and
Jasmine
Flowers,
were
sung
during
the
concert.
A．A
number
of
B．The
number
of
C．A
great
deal
D．a
great
deal
of
35．—Where
is
Mr.
Wang?
—He
together
with
his
students
_______Zhuyuwan
Park.
A．has
gone
to
B．have
gone
to
C．has
been
to
D．have
been
to
36．—How
many
teachers
are
there
in
your
school?
—About
200.
One
third
of
them
______________
men
teachers.
A．have
B．has
C．are
D．is
37．Not
only
you
but
also
I
__________
interested
in
the
cartoon
called
Peppa
Pig.
A．am
B．is
C．are
38．In
the
near
future,
there
____
self-driving
cars
in
our
city.
A．is
B．was
C．are
D．will
be
39．The
number
of
the
students
in
my
class
_____
fifty.
A
large
number
of
them
_____
from
the
countryside.
A．is,
are
B．is,
is
C．are,
is
D．are,
are
40．I
remember
the
excitement
of
the
New
Year's
parties
which
________
one
of
the
most
unforgettable
________
in
my
junior
high
school.
A．are;
memories
B．is;
memory
C．is;
memories
41．________
the
foreign
students
in
Tsinghua
University
has
increased
a
lot.
It's
said
that
there
are
________
European
students
in
it
now.
A．A
number
of;
eight
thousand
B．The
number
of;
eight
thousands
C．A
number
of;
thousands
of
D．The
number
of;
thousands
of
42．—________
it
________
who
will
go
to
the
meeting
that
is
due
tomorrow?
—Yes.
Either
you
or
one
of
your
students
________
to
attend
it.
A．Is,
decided;
are
B．Has,
been
decided;
is
C．Does,
decide;
is
D．Was,
been
decided;
are
43．一When
shall
we
meet
again
next
week?
一_________
day
is
possible.
It's
no
problem
with
me.
A．Either
B．Any
C．Neither
D．All
44．The
4K
restored
3D
version
(版本)
of
Harry
Potter
with
lots
of
excellent
actors
_______
on
August
14th
in
China.
A．were
shown
B．was
shown
C．have
been
shown
45．—It’s
a
pity
that
my
teachers
parents
allow
me
to
swim
alone.
—After
all
you
are
too
young,
safety
first.
A．either...or
B．neither…
nor
C．both...and
D．not
only...but
also
46．A
large
crowd
of
people
_________
waiting
_________
the
bus
stop.
A．are;
for
B．is;
for
C．are;
at
D．is;
at
47．My
life
________
a
lot
in
the
past
few
years.
A．has
changed
B．have
changed
C．changed
D．changes
48．In
our
school
library
there
________a
number
of
books
on
science
and
the
number
of
the
books
________growing.
A．are;
is
B．is;
are
C．is;
is
49．—
I
hear________your
grandpa
________your
grandma
likes
watching
Beijing
Opera.
—Right,
just
as
many
old
people
do
in
our
hometown.
A．both;
and
B．either;
or
C．neither;
nor
D．not
only;
but
also
50．She
as
well
as
you
______
from
the
same
country—China．
A．is
B．are
C．was
D．am
答案
1．D2．B3．C4．C5．A6．A7．C8．C9．C10．A11．C12．A13．B14．C15．A16．C
17．B18．D19．A20．A21．D22．C23．B24．C25．D26．B27．C28．C29．D30．C
31．D32．C33．B34．A35．A36．C37．A38．D39．A40．C41．D42．B43．B44．B
45．B46．C47．A48．A49．D50．A