2012年中考新目标(Go for it)版英语基础知识复习第十三讲 八年级（下） Units 5～6

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第十三讲 八年级(下) Units 5～6
复习目标导航
考点完全攻略
同步训练
类别 新课标要求
重
点
词
汇
拓
展 1. against→(反义词)prep.支持；拥护 for
2．injured→v.受伤 injure
3．explain→n.解释 explanation
4．collect→n.搜集 collection→n.搜集者 collector
5．skate→n.溜冰者 skater→v.溜冰 skate
6．European→n.欧洲 Europe
7．Russian→n.俄罗斯 Russia
8．Australian→n.澳大利亚 Australia
9．foreigner→adj.外国的 foreign
10．quite→(同义词)adv.很；非常 very
11．certain→adv.确定地 certainly
12．miss→adj.丢失的 missing
重
点
短
语
记
忆 1.have a great time 玩得愉快
2．take away 拿走
3．around the world 在世界各地
4．make a living 谋生
5．all the time 一直；总是
6．a pair of skates 一双溜冰鞋
7．run out of 用完；用尽
8．by the way 顺便一提；附带说说
9．be interested in 对……感兴趣
10．the capital of ……的首都；……的省会
11．let sb. in 让……进来
12．get injured 受伤
13．get an education 受教育
14．have a difficult time doing sth. 做某事有困难
重点
句型
整理 1.If you go to the party，you'll have a great time!
2．—How long have you been skating
—I've been skating since nine o'clock.
3．—How long did you skate
—I skated for two hours.
1．If you become a professional athlete，you'll be able to make_a_living doing something you love.如果你成为一名职业运动员，你就可以做你喜爱做的事来谋生。(Unit 5)
make a living (by)意为“(以……)谋生”，介词by后面可接名词、代词、动词 ing形式，有时by也可以省略。如：
The young woman makes a living by singing.
这个年轻的妇女以唱歌为生。
2．—How long have you been skating
—I’ve been skating since_nine_o’clock.
——从九点钟起我一直在滑冰。
—I've been skating for_five_hours.
——我已经滑了五个小时了。(Unit 6)
【辨析】 since与for
①since意为“自……以来”，所表示的是一个时间点，既可作介词，后接时间名词或短语；也可作连词，引导时间状语从句，前面的谓语动词或主句的谓语动词必须是延续性的且句子用完成时态，从句用一般过去时态。如：
Mr.Brown has worked in that factory since 1998.
自1998年以来，布朗先生就在那家工厂工作了。
I have been collecting stamps since I was five years old.
我自五岁起就一直在收集邮票。
②for作介词，后面接时间段，多用于完成时态，句中的谓语动词用延续性动词。如：
I have had the dictionary for 2 weeks.
这本字典我买了两个星期了。
【拓展】 对since短语或从句及for短语提问用how long。如：
Lucy has been swimming since_she_was_10.(对划线部分提问)
How long has Lucy been swimming？
3．...students are skating to raise_money for charity.
……学生们正在滑冰来为慈善机构筹集资金。(Unit 6)
raise意为“筹集；筹募”。另外还有“举起；抬高；养育”之意。
【辨析】 raise与rise
这两个词都有“举起；上升”的意思，但用法不同：
①raise是及物动词，后面一定要有宾语。说明主语发出的动作是要作用于其他事物的。
②rise是不及物动词，后面不能跟宾语。说明主语自身移向较高的位置。
On Monday morning，we were watching the children raising the national flag，and we saw it rising slowly in the wind.
星期一早上，我们在观看孩子们升国旗，我们看到国旗在风中徐徐升起。
4．My mom says I have to stop，because we've run_out_of_room to store them.
妈妈说我必须停下来，因为我们已经没有空间去储存它们了。(Unit 6)
(1)【辨析】run out of与run out
①run out of“用完；用尽”，主语通常是人，与use up意思相同；run out of还可以表示“从……跑了出来”。
②run out“(时间、金钱、事物等)用尽；用完”，此时主语是时间、金钱等。
Tom has run out of all the money.
汤姆已经花光了所有的钱。
The ink has run out.墨水已经用完了。
【拓展】
(2)room在本句中是不可数名词，意为“空间”，此外，它还可作可数名词，意为“房间”。如：
The table takes up too much room in this room.
这张桌子占去了这个房间太多的空间。
5．In fact，the first Jews probably came to Kaifeng more than a thousand years ago...实际上，第一批犹太人大约在一千多年前就来到了开封……(Unit 6)
thousand的用法：
①thousand是基数词，意为“千”，在表示确切的数字时，不能使用复数形式，且后面不能加of。如：
There are two thousand students in our school.
我校有两千名学生。
②thousand作基数词表示不确定的数字时，意为“成千上万的”，这时要用复数形式，且后面还要加of。如：
Thousands of trees must be planted every year.
每年必须种植成千上万棵树。
some，several，many等可以用来修饰thousands of，与thousand用法相同的词还有：hundred，million，billion等。
口诀：具体数字用单数；模糊数字用复数，后面还要跟of。
6．For a foreigner like me，the_more I learn about Chinese history，the_more I enjoy living in China.
对于像我这样的一个外国人来说，对中国的历史了解越多，我就越喜欢住在中国。(Unit 6)
“the＋比较级，the＋比较级”这种结构，表示“越……，就越……”。如：
The busier he is，the happier he feels.他越忙，越感到高兴。
The more，the better.越多越好。
【拓展】 比较级的用法：
①主语＋谓语(系动词)＋比较级＋than＋比较对象。
②“比较级＋and＋比较级”结构，表示“越来越……”。
③比较级前可用much，a lot，still，a little，even等修饰，来加强比较的语气。
Lily's room is bigger than mine.莉莉的房间比我的大。
It's getting warmer and warmer in spring.
春天天气变得越来越暖和。
It is much colder today than yesterday.
今天比昨天冷得多。
八年级下(5～6单元)
(训练时间：60分钟　分值：100分)
基础知识过关
一、根据所给的汉语提示及句意写出单词(4分)
1．There were some beautiful _______ (鲜花) in a glass of water on the table.
2．We had great difficulty in _________(筹集) the money.
3．I wrote him _______(几个) letters but he didn't answer.
4．Are you for it or _________(反对) it
5．My gloves are worn out, I’m going to buy a new ______(双)．
flowers
raising
several
against
pair
6．You must put a ______(邮票) on the envelope before you post it.
7．I've __________(收集) over three hundred Chinese stamps.
8．We are very happy to have the _______(机会) to take part in the sports meet.
二、用所给单词的适当形式填空(10分)
1．Jack is ___________ in the ___________ (interest)computer games.
2．The football player got ________ (injure)in the match.
stamp
collected
chance
interesting
injured
interested
3．There are two __________ (thousand)students in our school.
4．The __________ (foreign)speaks English.
5．I _______ (miss)my parents very much when I studied in Australia.
三、根据汉语提示完成句子(16分)
1．他辞去了办公室的工作，改以务农为生。
He left his office job to try to ____________ on the land.
2．我想带走你昨天给我看的那本书。
thousand
foreigner
missed
make a living
I want to ___________the book which you showed me yesterday.
3．我养了一只猫和一只狗，但它们老是打架。
I have a dog and a cat, but they fight _____________.
4．我对音乐不太感兴趣。
I'm not very much _____________ music.
5．成千上万的人到车站给他们送行。
_____________ people went to see them off at the station.
6．我们可以用电话和住在远处的人说话。
We can talk to those who live _________ by telephone.
take away
all the time
interested in
Thousands of
far away
7．顺便问一下，我给你的那些钱呢？
_____________, what happened to all the money I gave you
8．假设你的钱用完了呢？你将怎么办呢？
What if you were to ____________money What would you do
综合能力提高
一、单项选择(10分)
1．(2011·淄博)—Look！There is a big river.Let's swim in it!
—No，I think it's ________ dangerous.
A．much too B．too much C．too many D．much more
By the way
run out of
【解析】考查副词区别。much too“太”，用作副词修饰形容词；too much“太多”，修饰不可数名词；too many“太多”，修饰可数名词；much more“更多”。
【答案】A
2．—I'll go to the West Lake this weekend. What about you
—________. Let's go together.
A．No, I won't B．I won't go C．Me, too D．Sorry, I'm busy
【解析】考查一般将来时的答语。由答语“让我们一起去。”可知，回答是肯定的，直接排除A、B、D项，选C。
【答案】C
3．—It is said that a new zoo will be built in our town.
—I'm ________ it. Zoos are terrible for animals.
A．through B．besides
C．against D．except
【解析】考查介词的用法。through“通过”；besides“除了……还有”；against“反对”；except“不包括在内，除……没有”；根据句意选C。
【答案】C
4．(2011·邵阳)We didn't go home ________ the old man was sent to the hospital.
A．until
B．when
C．while
【解析】考查连词的用法。not...until...“直到……才……”。句意为“直到把老人送去医院，我们才回家。”故选A。
【答案】A
5．(2011·广安)—How much is the pair of shoes
—Twenty dollars ________ enough.
A．is
B．are
C．am
【解析】考查be动词的用法。twenty dollars看成一个整体，表示单数概念，故用is。
【答案】A
6．________ away this dirty shirt and bring me a clean one.
A．Pick B．Bring
C．Carry D．Take
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。pick“拾起，捡起”；bring“带来”；carry“搬走”；take“带走，拿走”。句意为“拿走这件脏衬衫，给我拿件干净的来”。故选D。
【答案】D
7．I'll go for a walk with you if it ________ tomorrow.
A．won't rain B．doesn't rain
C．will rain D．not rains
【解析】考查条件状语从句的用法。含条件状语从句的主从复合句，当主句是将来时态时，条件状语从句用一般现在时表将来，故选B。
【答案】B
8．(2011·湘西)—What are you doing
—I'm ________ TV.
A．watching
B．watches
C．watched
【解析】考查时态。上句用进行时提问，所以答语也用进行时，构成进行时用“be＋现在分词”，所以选择答案A。
【答案】A
9．Don't ________ out of money, I think you should save money for your future.
A．try B．run C．get D．use
【解析】考查固定短语的用法。run out of“用光”，句意为“不要用光钱，我认为你应该为将来攒钱。”
【答案】B
10．(2011·邵阳)________ trees were cut down.And many birds lost their home.
A．Two thousands B．Thousands of C．Thousand of
【解析】考查数词的用法。thousand前边有数字不加s；
后边有of加s。
【答案】B
二、完形填空(20分)
(2011·山西)根据语篇内容，用方框中所给词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连贯。方框中有两个词为多余项。
Years ago，I lived in a house in a large city.The house next door was only a few meters away from __1__.Through the window，I could often see a woman __2__ I had never met doing
some reading in the house every afternoon.
Several __3__ went by，I began to notice that her window was dirty.Everything was not very clear through the dirty window.I wondered why the woman didn't wash her window.It __4__ looked terrible.
One bright morning，I decided to clean my house，including __5__ the window inside.Late in the afternoon when I finished all the cleaning，I sat down by the window with a cup of coffee for a rest.How __6__！I found that the woman's window was actually so clean that she could __7__ clearly sitting by the window.
That was quite an __8__ lesson for me.How often had I looked at others through my own shortcomings(缺点)!
Since then，I __9__ used to asking myself whether I am looking through my own dirty window.Before I want to judge(判断)someone，I always think __10__ than before and try to clean the dirty window so that I may see the world around me more clearly.
【答案】
1．mine　【解析】由句意“隔壁房子距我的房子仅仅几米远”可知用I的名词性物主代词mine表示“我的(房子)”。
2．who　【解析】先行词是人，并且关系代词在定语从句中
作宾语，故用who引导定语从句。
3．months　【解析】go by表示“(时间)逝去”，故此处应填一个时间名词； several后接名词复数，故用months。
4．really　【解析】修饰动词用副词形式，故填really。
5．washing　【解析】wash the window“擦窗户”；including是介词，后接动词时用动名词形式。
6．surprising　【解析】作者擦完窗户之后发现，并非隔壁妇女的窗户不干净，而是自己的窗户脏了。所以这是一件非常令人惊讶的事。how后接形容词，故填surprising。
7．be seen　【解析】由句意“……她能被很清楚地看到
坐在窗户旁边”可知用被动语态；含情态动词的被动语态的构成为“情态动词＋be＋及物动词的过去分词”，故填be seen。
8．important　【解析】此处应填入一个形容词作定语修饰名词lesson。由句意“对我来说，那是一个非常重要的教训”可知填important。
9．have been　【解析】be used to“习惯于”；由since then可知用现在完成时。
10．more　【解析】句中有than说明要用比较级；由句意“……我总是想得比以前多……”可知填much的比较级more。
三、阅读理解(10分)
(2011·山西)阅读下面短文，简要回答所给问题。
It was near Christmas during my first semester teaching at a new school.I loved my small special class more than any group I had taught in the past.They were hungry for knowledge and I was enjoying teaching.
Other teachers had told me that our children were from poor families and not to expect any child to bring a Christmas gift.In fact，I wasn't expecting any gifts.
Imagine my surprise when every child brought me a gift on the day before our holiday break.First，I got a much loved
stuffed monkey from a shy girl.I was told，“He is my favorite，but I love you and I want him to be with you，Miss Taylor.”How thrilled I was!
Next came a new set of Christmas tree lights that was “missing” from a mother's cupboard.
Finally，I came to one little boy's gift which I had never received.It was an old，dirty and broken Christmas story book.Just when I wanted to express my happiness，I was interrupted(打断)by the giver，“And see，it is new！It still has the price tag.”
When other children laughed at him，I stopped them and said，“Oh，books are good in that way.The story is always new if you have not read it before.Now，let's share one together.”Everyone listened quietly as I read the most wonderful Christmas story of my life.
I still keep those Christmas gifts.They always remind me of my lovely kids.
1．Why did the teacher like her small special class
____________________________________________________
【解析】由第一段的第二、三句“I loved my small
special class more than any group I had taught in the past.They were hungry for knowledge and I was enjoying teaching.”可知答案。
【答案】Because they were hungry for knowledge./Because her class were hungry for knowledge./She liked her special class because they were hungry for knowledge.
2．When did the children bring their teacher gifts
__________________________________________________________
【解析】由第三段的第一句“Imagine my surprise when every child brought me a gift on the day before our holiday
break.”可知，在假期的前一天，孩子们给老师带来了礼物。
【答案】On the day before their holiday break./On the day before their holiday break，they brought their teacher gifts./They brought their teacher gifts on the day before their holiday break.
3．Who sent a stuffed monkey to the teacher
_______________________________________________________
【解析】由第三段的第二句“First，I got a much loved stuffed monkey from a shy girl.”可知答案。
【答案】A shy girl./A shy girl sent a stuffed monkey
to the teacher.
4．Was the Christmas story book new
________________________________________________________
【解析】由第五段的第二句“It was an old，dirty and broken Christmas story book.”可知，那本圣诞故事书不是新的。
【答案】No，it wasn't.
5．How did the teacher feel when she got the gifts
_______________________________________________________
【解析】孩子们来自贫穷的家庭，却给老师带来了各种圣诞礼物：自己最心爱的玩具，偷偷地从妈妈的橱柜里拿来的装饰圣诞树
的灯，很旧的圣诞故事书等，由此推测老师的感受可能是高兴、满意、激动、感动等。
【答案】Happy./Thrilled./Pleased./Excited./Moved./...
She felt happy/thrilled/pleased/excited/moved/...when she got the gifts.
When she got the gifts，she felt happy/thrilled/pleased/excited/moved/...
四、把下列对话内容补充完整，使其意思连贯(10分)
(S＝Salesman; D＝Daniel)
S：1.____________________？
D：I am looking for a birthday present.
S：2.____________________？
D：I want to buy a Walkman for my father. Can you show me some
S：Sure. Here are some Walkmans. 3.___________________
D：It looks nice. But I wonder why you recommend this one to me.
S：Because old people like the color and it’s cheap.
D：4.____________________？
S：It costs only 150 yuan.
D：Wow! That's a good price. Can you show me how to use it
S：Certainly. Oops! We don't have any more batteries. Could you come back later
D：Sure! When shall I come back
S：In five minutes, OK
D：5.____________________.
【答案】
1．What can I do for you/Can I help you/Is there
anything I can do for you/Anything I can do for you　【解析】由情境知是在商店里，故此处是售货员常用语“有什么可以帮您吗？”
2．What are you going to buy/What will you buy/Who will you buy it for/What do you want (to buy)/What would you like (to buy)/Who/ Whom do you want to buy it for/For whom/Who/ Whom would you like to buy it for/What to buy　【解析】由下句“I want to buy a Walkman for my father.”可知此处询问顾客要买什么东西，或是为谁买礼物。
3．What about this (one)/How about this (one)/What do you think of this (one)/How do you like/ find/ feel this
(one)/Do you like this (one)　【解析】由下句“It looks nice.”可知此处是询问顾客“这个怎么样？”
4．How much (is it)/How much does it cost/What's the price (of it)/What's its price/How much should/ shall/ will I pay for it　【解析】由下句“It costs only 150 yuan.”可知此处是询问价格。
5．OK/All right/Sure/Of course/Certainly/Yes, of course/Yes, certainly/No problem　【解析】由上文“Sure！When shall I come back？”可知此处为肯定回答。
五、书面表达(20分)
(2011·扬州)在家庭里、在社会中，只要我们从自身做起，我们的行为就可以为实现和谐社会(harmonious society)起到推进作用。你们学校的English Newsletter正在以Doing Our Part(从自身做起)为题举行征文活动，请根据下列表格提示的内容，用英语写一篇征文。
行为 作用
在家庭里 (1)帮助父母做家务事
(2)和父母多交流 (1)让父母不太累
(2)……
在社会中 (1)不乱扔垃圾
(2)……
(3)…… (1)使环境美化(2)……
(3)……
展望：如果我们每个人……
要求：
(1)表达清楚，语法正确，上下文连贯；
(2)必须包括所有相关信息，并作适当发挥；
(3)词数：100左右(征文的开头已给出，不计入总词数)；
(4)不得使用真实姓名、校名和地名等。
Doing Our Part
We have grown up and it's time for us to do something for our family and society.
At home, ______________________________________________
we can help our parents do housework.Then our
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
parents won't be so tired.We should also spend time chatting with them so that parents and we can understand each other better.
When we are out，it's more important to pay attention to our behavior.To make the environment beautiful，we should pick litter up instead of dropping it.Besides，it's bad manners to talk loudly in public places.Others will be disturbed.Finally，we should help those people in need and they'll live a better life.
I'm sure if each of us does our part，our family and society will be more harmonious.