高考英语高考二轮专题：短文改错答题6步法学案（附100道专项练习题+答案）

高考英语短文改错答题6步法（附100道专项练习题+答案）
1.
必须熟悉设错方式：多词、少词、错词。
⑴
多词现象大多出现在冠词、介词、助动词、连词、语义重复及行文逻辑等方面。
⑵
少词现象主要出现在冠词、介词、副词、助动词、不定式符号to、连词等。
⑶
错词现象主要在冠词、介词、名词单复数、动词时态、非谓语动词、主谓一致、代词、连词、词形。
2.
平时应加强基本功训练，用一个“错题集”本把自己或同学在书面表达中出现的错误归纳一下，以便考前复习。
短文改错与书面表达一样，最能反映一个人的语言功底。大家在该题上失分最厉害，因为此题而影响英语总成绩的占大多数。
大家应把改错内容当作一篇小短文来理解，这样能对短文有个宏观把握，对上下文有全面的了解。
在理解篇章的基础上逐句审读，分析判断，上下兼顾，把明显的、拿的准的题先做完，这样可以缩小包围圈，也有助于对全文的进一步理解。
1.
查看时态是否一致。
My
favorite
sport
is
football.
I
was
a
member
of
our
football
team.
全文都是用的一般现在时，此句中的was显然与上下文语境不符，应改为am。
2.
查看主谓是否一致。
Anyone
may
borrow
books,
and
it
cost
nothing
to
borrow
them.
cost应改为costs，因其主语是it(为形式主语)，且上下文均为一般现在时。
3.
查指代是否一致。
The
Smiths
did
his
best
to
make
me
feel
at
home.句中的主语the
Smiths表的是Smith一家人，因此指示代词his应改为their。
4.
查平行结构是否平行一致。
由and,
or,
but,
either...or...,
neither...nor...,
not
only...but
also...,
as
well
as等并列连词和词组连接的结构可称为平行结构。
It
was
very
kind
of
them
to
meet
me
at
the
railway
station
and
drove
me
to
their
home.
句中的drove显然与and前面的to
meet不平行，应改为drive。
5.
查名词的单复数与修饰词语或上下文是否一致。
We
study
quite
a
few
subject,
such
as
Maths,
Chinese...
quite
a
few
只能修饰复数名词，故subject应改为subjects。
6.
查行文逻辑是否一致。
Most
people
can
quickly
get
help
from
a
doctor
or
go
to
a
hospital
since
they
are
ill.根据行文逻辑，这里不应该由since来引导原因状语从句，而应该是when
/
whenever或if来引导时间或条件状语从句。
短文改错是有一定的规律可循的，纵观近几年的高考试题及我们平常的模拟考试，可以发现短文改错主要有以下十大错误：
1.
形容词与副词的误用
如exciting与excited，hard与hardly，possible与possibly，here与there等，以及形容词与副词的比较级与最高级。
2.
名词的单复数误用。
如在several，many，various，different，a
few，one
of等之后，常用名词的复数，在every与each之后常用单数。
3.
代词的误用。
如you与your，it’s与its，it与they或them，one与ones，宾格(如me)与反身代词(如myself)等的误用。
4.
介词的误用、缺少或多余。
常见的如in
与on，to与for，instead与instead
of，because与because
of等的误用。
5.
时态的错误。
看一篇文章，要有一种大局观，要上前下挂，看看上下文的时态是否一致。
6.
连词的误用。
如or与and的误用，and与but的误用，so与but的误用，because或since与so连用，though与but连用等。
7.
第三人称单数后的动词形式。
8.
一些固定结构的误用。
如so...that被误用作very...that，too...to被误用very...to，as...as被误作so...as等。
9.
定语从句中关系词的误用。
10.
一些常用词的误用。
如what与how，except与besides，any与some以及它们的合成词如anything与something，anywhere与somewhere等混淆不清。
改完后，要回过头来重读一遍全文，查看改过后是否能使语气通顺，时态一致，合乎逻辑。再次通读可以在初改时感觉不顺的地方集中精力，仔细推敲，使答案更加准确。
在平常的学习中一定要注重语感的培养，英语学习的根本任务是学习语言，而学习语言的根本在于学习和习得语感。语感一旦形成，就为英语学习打下了良好的基础。
语言是学出来的，所以要学好语言，一定要多读多背，尤其是背，它是语言习得最重要的途径之一。
单句改错.(下列句子各有一处错误，请改正)
1.
Now
people
get
a
lot
of
informations
from
TV.
2.
German
is
a
European
country.
3.
They
didn’t
want
me
to
do
any
work
at
family.
4.
Yesterday
I
met
an
old
friend
of
my
father.
5.
Boys
and
girls,
don’t
lose
hearts.
Do
better
next
time.
6.
They
are
of
different
size.
7.
It
is
so
beautiful
place
that
you
must
visit
it.
8.
What
a
terrible
weather
we
have
been
having!
9.
It
took
place
in
France,
an
European
country.
10.
Suddenly
I
caught
a
sight
of
my
English
teacher
in
the
crowd.
11.
What
good
time
we
had
last
night!
12.
We
shall
spend
three-day
holiday
together.
13.
I
came
to
understand
that
was
not
easy
to
earn
money.
14.
Some
parents
think
useless
for
girls
to
go
to
school.
15.
When
he
bought
a
chocolate
cake,
he
put
them
in
a
secret
place.
16.
One
day
I
wrote
a
little
story
and
showed
to
my
teacher.
17.
It’s
important
that
we
should
think
over
before
doing
anything.
18.
The
truck
was
moving
so
fast
that
the
driver
couldn’t
control.
19.
I
apologized
and
controlled
me
at
my
best
till
the
dinner
started.
20.
We
must
take
part
in
the
social
practice
to
prepare
us
well
for
our
future.
21.
The
teacher
did
not
punish
for
cheating
but
instead
gave
me
a
second
chance.
22.
Henry
did
not
like
his
car,
that
ran
badly
and
often
broke
down.
23.
There
was
a
five-pound
note
in
the
pocket
of
the
trousers
I
had
told
her
to
wash
it.
24.
People
can
hardly
do
some
fishing
there.
25.
I
visited
a
place
where
is
surrounded
by
mountains.
26.
I
am
sure
you
will
find
one
you
like
it.
27.
It
was
yesterday
when
he
broke
the
window.
28.
He
had
lost
his
glasses
without
them
he
couldn’t
see.
29.
Oliver
Twist,
the
hero
of
the
story,
he
was
an
orphan.
30.
It
starts
with
choosing
a
tree
from
neither
a
farm
or
a
store.
31.
She
never
has
enough
time
for
that
she
wants
to
do.
32.
I
find
what
I
have
one
shortcoming
in
my
character.
33.
What
necessary
it
is
that
we
get
rid
of
the
bad
habits
.
34.
It
didn’t
matter
that
I
would
win
or
not.
35.
People
in
the
US
drink
more
coffee
than
people
in
any
country.
36.
The
development
will
bring
us
much
more
hopes
and
chances.
37.
The
Olympics
are
held
each
four
years.
38.
A
summer,
Fane
traveled
abroad.
39.
I
hope
you
think
about
my
request
as
soon
as
possibly.
40.
I
know
you
are
particular
interested
in
Human
Rights.
41.
As
there
is
no
air
or
water,
there
can
be
no
life
,
too.
42.
There
were
too
many
nice
things
that
I
didn’t
know
what
to
choose.
43.
He
decides
to
travel
a
lot
and
visit
such
many
new
places
as
possible.
44.
I
couldn’t
see
as
clear
as
before.
45.
The
water
in
it
is
so
dirty
that
it
smells
terribly.
46.
I
appreciate
your
help
very
well.
47.
You
always
gave
me
specially
attention
and
inspired
me.
48.
It
was
until
midnight
that
it
stopped
raining.
49.
People
both
at
home
and
abroad
have
been
great
helped
by
the
new
computer.
50.
He
has
to
work
if
he
wants
to
live
comfortable.
51.
She
is
a
brave
and
honesty
girl.
52.
It
is
much
easy
to
make
plans
than
to
carry
them
out.
53.
It
is
convenient
for
me
to
prepare
for
the
exam
than
before.
54.
He
gave
me
an
order
worthy
15
million
dollars.
55.
The
tree
was
put
into
a
Christmas
stand
that
holds
the
tree
up
straightly.
56.
Is
teaching
kids
English
as
interested
as
you
expected
in
college?
57.
We
had
guests
last
night
who
had
not
stayed
in
it
ago.
58.
We
are
all
very
much
active
and
the
activities
are
enjoyable.
59.
If
you
won’t
want
to
take
a
taxi,
you
can
go
by
bus.
60.
Our
city
is
a
modern
city.
It
set
up
in
the
early
1980s.
61.
Bad
habits
not
come
suddenly.
62.
I
have
caught
a
bad
cold
for
a
week
and
I
can’t
get
rid
of
it.
63.
Following
the
road
and
you
will
find
the
store.
64.
I
rush
over
without
delay,
jumped
into
the
water
and
swam
towards
?him.
65.
You
must
do
everything
you
can
help
them.
66.
When
a
rabbit
see
something
dangerous,
it
runs
away.
67.
Its
tail,
which
is
white,
moving
up
and
down
as
it
runs.
68.
Think
perhaps
I
was
too
tired,
I
stood
up
and
was
going
to
sleep.
69.
I
was
often
tired
and
watch
TV
demands
little
effort.
70.
The
little
girl
hurried
home
with
the
remained
money.
71.
His
young
patient
was
soon
able
to
get
up
and
ran
about
again.
72.
It
was
kind
of
them
to
meet
me
at
the
station
and
drove
me
to
their
home.
73.
She
liked
it
very
much
and
reads
it
to
the
class.
74.
There
were
over
1000
students
attend
it.
75.
Is
it
likely
to
be
any
food
at
the
party
on
Saturday?
76.
Please
excuse
us
for
not
able
to
say
goodbye
to
you.
77.
He
spends
hours
on
the
telephone,
talks
to
his
friends.
78.
Filling
with
many
people,
the
room
is
crowded.
79.
At
the
interview
there
are
many
people
who
wait
to
interviewed
for
jobs.
80.
It
will
cost
a
rocket
a
hundred
thousand
years
to
reach
it.
81.
There
used
to
have
a
church
in
front
of
the
school.
82.
Hope
you
great
success
in
your
work!
83.
All
you
can
do
is
encouraging
him,
show
him
understanding
and
offer
him
advice.
84.
In
Friday
afternoon,
some
students
took
part
in
a
speech
activity.
85.
In
a
few
weeks
the
story
was
returned
to
her.
86.
It
was
very
fine
when
I
got
up
early
on
last
Sunday
morning.
87.
I
rushed
out
the
house
as
quickly
as
I
could.
88.
It
is
necessary
to
decide
what
is
worth
taking
notice.
89.
I
had
difficulty
in
grammar
after
I
entered
into
the
school.
90.
She
could
hardly
afford
for
the
medical
care.
91.
But
we
don’t
seem
to
have
much
time
to
talk
about
together.
92.
He
was
punished
because
what
he
had
done.
93.
The
ice
isn’t
thick
enough
for
us
to
skate.
94.
I
gave
you
my
luggage
at
a
quarter
of
an
hour
ago.
95.
I
am
writing
to
thank
you
with
your
kind
help.
96.
He
means
to
come
no
earlier
as
that
time.
97.
We
must
return
back
to
school
this
afternoon
98.
Child
as
he
is,
but
he
knows
a
lot.
99.
Having
been
ill
for
a
long
time,
so
she
fell
behind
her
classmates.
100.
Thinking
he
happened
to
have
no
work
to
do,
and
he
came
back
home.
Answers
1-5
informations-information;
German-Germany;
family-home;
father-father’s;
hearts-heart;
6-10
size-sizes;
a
place;
删除a;
an-a;
删除a
11-15
a
good
time;
a
three-day;
that后加it;
think后加it;
them-it;
16-20
showed后加it;
think后加it;
control后加it;
me-myself;
us-ourselves;
21-25
punish后加me;
that-which;
删除it;
some-any;
where-which;
26-30删除it;
when-that;
them-which;
删除he;
neither-either;
31-35
that-what;
what-that;
What-How;
that-whether;
any后加other;
36-40
much-many;
each-every;
A-One;
possibly-possible;
particular-particularly;
41-45
too-either;
too-so;
such-as;
clear-clearly;
terribly-terrible;
46-50
well-much;
specially-special;
was后加not;
great-greatly;
comfortable-comfortably;
51-55
honesty-honest;
easy-easier;
is后加more;
worthy-worth;
straightly-straight;
56-60
interested-interesting;
ago-before;
删除much;
won’t-don’t;
It后加was;
61-65
habits后加do;
caught-had
Following-Follow;
rush-rushed;
can后加to;
66-70
see-sees;
moving-moves;
think-Thinking;
watch-watching;
remained-remaining;
71-75
ran-run;
drove-drive;
reads-read;
attend-attending;
it-there;
76-80
not后加being;
talks-talking;
Filling-Filled;
to后加be;
cost-take;
81-85
have-be;
Hope-Wish;
encouraging-encourage;
In-On;
In-After;
86-90
删除on;
out后加of
notice后加of;
删除into;
删除for
91-95
删除about;
because后加of;
skate后加on;
删除at;
with-for;
96-100
as-than;
删除back;
删除but;
删除so;
删除and;