Unit
15
Learning
美国学校开展互学项目，要求同龄学生互相帮助以提高阅读、写作能力，效果颇佳。同龄学生互为彼此的老师，既新奇、有创意，又极大地提高了学习效率，提高了学习成绩，可谓一举两得、一箭双雕。
Sometimes
the
best
way
for
students
to
learn
isn't
from
a
teacher—it's
from
another
student.A
new
learning
program
pairs
students
having
difficulty
in
reading
at
Handley
High
School
with
struggling
readers
at
Quarles
Elementary
School
to
help
them
improve
their
reading
and
writing
skills
while
working
together.“It
builds
their
confidence
reading
with
other
students，”said
Jessica
Cavalier，a
reading
expert
at
Handley.“There's
an
understanding
between
the
older
and
younger
students
because
they
both
struggle.”
Eight
students
from
Handley
began
visiting
Quarles
twice
a
week
to
work
with
struggling
fourth?graders.The
fourth?graders
taking
part
in
the
program
were
picked
by
their
teachers
and
reading
experts
at
the
school.For
30
minutes，the
students
read
together
in
Quarles'
library，working
with
the
same
“reading
buddy
(朋友)”
each
week.“They're
building
relationships，”said
Cavalier.“We're
seeing
some
progress.”
Handley
freshman
Noemi
Lopez
said
each
week
she
picked
books
she
thinks
her
reading
buddy，Emily
Gomez，would
like.“We
like
to
read
together，”she
said，adding
that
she
has
seen
Emily's
reading
skills
improve
over
the
past
few
months.Emily
said
she
likes
reading
with
Noemi
because
“she
makes
me
laugh
by
telling
jokes.”
The
idea
to
pair
struggling
readers
from
such
different
grade
levels
was
developed
by
Cavalier
and
Quarles
Principal
Joanie
Hovatter.“It's
positive，”Hovatter
said
about
the
program.“It's
peer?to?peer.It's
all
about
reading.They're
comfortable
with
each
other.It's
productive.
They're
involved，and
they're
learning.These
kids
are
teaching.”
[诱思导读]
阅读短文，回答下列问题。
What
does
Quarles
Principal
Joanie
Hovatter
think
of
the
idea?
It's
positive
and
productive.
[阅读障碍词]
1．struggling
adj.
努力的
2．freshman
n.
新生
3．productive
adj.
高效的；多产的
4．involve
vt.
使参与
SectionⅠ Reading(Ⅰ)
(Warm?up
&
Lesson
1)
Ⅰ.匹配下列单词的词性及汉语意思
( )1.spelling
A．v.怀疑
( )2.correction
B．n.邮费
( )3.simplify
C．n.现状；社会地位
( )4.secure
D．v.指导，教导
( )5.suspect
E．n.改正，改进
( )6.status
F．vt.埋葬
( )7.postage
G．adj.稳定的，无忧无虑的
( )8.instruct
H．vt.区别，辨别；表现突出
( )9.bury
I．n.拼写
( )10.distinguish
J．vt.简化
[答案] 1－5 IEJGA 6－10 CBDFH
Ⅱ.选择下列句中词组的汉语意思
( )1.When
I
stood
up
to
speak，my
mind
went
blank.
( )2.It
is
now
our
aim
to
set
up
a
factory.
( )3.The
company
laid
off
100
workers
a
few
years
ago
because
of
the
financial
crisis.
( )4.Everything
seemed
quite
regular
when
the
fire
broke
out.
( )5.He
was
suspected
of
cheating
us.
[答案] 1—5 DBEAC
The
Importance
of
Life?long
Learning
Nowadays，more
and
more
people
of
various
ages
and
backgrounds
are
continuing
to
study
to
improve
themselves.Here's
what
they
have
to
say
about
their
life?long
learning
experience.
Sun
Wen—28
years
old
“It's
never
too
late
to①
learn.”
That
was
the
advice
I
got
after
I
failed
my
college
entrance
exam.Now
I'm
about
to
graduate
from
the
School
of
Continuing
Education
at
Qinghua
University
with
a
Bachelor's
Degree
in
Computer
Engineering
by
distance
learning.Because
of
my
new
qualification，I'm
getting
promoted②
at
work.
In
the
past，if
someone
like
me
had
failed
to
get
into
university
through
the
college
exam，he
would
have
had
no
chance
of
getting③
a
degree.But
it's
different
now.I
decided
to
give
myself
a
second
chance
by
studying
for
a
degree
in
the
evenings
and
on
weekends
while
keeping
a
secure(稳定的)
full?time
job.Frankly(坦率地)
speaking，the
last
four
years
have
been
hard
work，but
it's
been
worth
it！
终身学习的重要性
现在，越来越多不同年龄，不同背景的人在不断的进修以提高自己。这里是他们对自己终身学习经历的描述。
孙文——28岁
“学习永远都不会太晚。”这是我在高考失败后得到的建议。现在我即将从清华大学的继续教育学院毕业，通过远程教育课程获得计算机工程专业学士学位。因为我拥有的新资质，我在工作上得以晋升。
过去像我这样未能够通过高考进入大学的人是没有机会拿到学位的。但是现在不同了。我决定再给自己一次机会，在保证一份稳定的全职工作的同时，利用晚上和周末的时间学习以取得学位。坦白的说，过去的四年很辛苦，但是很值得！
[助读讲解] ①too...to...太……而不能……
②get
promoted得到晋升
③have
no
chance
of
doing...没有机会做……
Ms
Tang－45
years
old
Three
months
ago，when
my
manager
told
me
that
I
would
be
laid
off，my
mind
went
blank(空白的)
and
my
heart
swelled(被充满)
with
anger.In
the
past，if
someone
had
worked
for
a
company
for
over
20
years，they
would
have
stayed
there
until
retirement④！I
suspect(怀疑)
that
they
laid
me
off
because
the
company
was
not
doing
that
well
but
it
still
brought
a
lump(团)
to
my
throat(咽喉)
and
made
me
want
to
cry.I
felt
as
if
I
had
done
something
wrong⑤！I
know
this
isn't
true
though.It's
just
the
status(现状)
of
the
job
market
at
the
moment.
At
first，I
enjoyed
being
a
full?time
housewife
and
called
myself
“CHO”
or
“chief
home
officer”．But
soon
I
got
bored
and
decided
to
do
a
business
course.I
have
always
dreamed
of
starting
my
own
company.
I
have
nearly
finished
the
course
now
and
it
has
been
very
helpful.I
have
learnt
so
many
new
skills
and
have
already
prepared
a
business
plan
for
setting
up
my
own
export
company！I
think
that
getting
laid
off
will
prove
to
be
the
best
thing
that
ever
happened
to
me.
唐女士——45岁
三个月前，当我的经理告诉我，我将要下岗了，我的脑子木了，心中充满愤怒。过去，如果一个人为同一家公司工作了二十多年，他就会留在公司里直到退休！我怀疑他们裁掉我是因为公司经营得不是很好，但是这仍然使我哽咽，让我想哭。我感觉自己似乎做错了什么！尽管我知道这不是真的。一切只是由于当时劳动力市场的状况。
起初，我很享受做一名全职的家庭妇女的生活，并且称自己为“CHO”或“家庭长官”。但不久我就厌倦了，决定去进修一门商业课程。我一直梦想开设自己的公司。
现在我几乎完成课程了，它非常有帮助。我学会了很多新技能，并且已经准备了一份商业计划，建立我自己的出口公司！我觉得被裁员将证明是我身上发生的最好的一件事。
[助读讲解] ④if引导虚拟条件句，此处表示对过去的假设。
⑤as
if引导表语从句，从句用虚拟语气表示对过去的假设。
Grandpa
Chen－75
years
old
I'm
sure
you
all
know
the
saying，“You
can't
teach
an
old
dog
new
tricks.”
Well，it's
certainly
not
true！I'm
an
old
dog，and
I'm
teaching
myself
new
tricks
every
day!
It
all
started
a
few
months
ago
when
postage(邮费)
went
up⑥.I'd
been
sending
letters
by
airmail(航空邮政)
to
my
daughter
in
the
US
once
a
week，but，suddenly，it
was
too
expensive.I
decided
that
it
was
time
I
became
an
Internet
user.I
got
my
grandson
to
instruct(指导)
me
on
how
to
email
and
use
the
Internet
and
I
really
enjoy
the
speed
at
which
my
messages
get
sent
and
answered.And
aside
from(除……之外)
emailing，it's
fun
to
see
and
talk
to
my
grandchildren
in
the
US
on
the
i?Cam.In
the
past，if
I'd
wanted
to
see
them，I
would
have
had
to
visit
them
in
person⑦.
So
many
people
think
that
after
you
retire，all
you
can
do
is
switch
off
your
brain
and
bury(埋葬)
everything
you've
ever
learnt.This
is
so
wrong!
Anyway⑧，it's
time
for
me
to
go
now.I
have
to
practise
the
alphabet(字母表)！I'm
doing
an
English
course
on
the
Internet.
陈爷爷——75岁
我肯定你们都知道这句格言，“老家伙学不了新把戏。”这句话一定错了！我是个老家伙，但我每天都在自学新把戏！
一切开始于几个月前邮费价格上涨的时候。过去我每周发一次航空邮件给我在美国的女儿，但现在太贵了。我觉得是我成为互联网用户的时候了。我让我的孙子教我怎样发电子邮件和使用互联网，我真的很喜欢我的信息的传送和回复的速度。除了发电子邮件，能在网络眼上看到我在美国的孙辈并与之交谈也很有意思。过去如果我想看到他们，就不得不亲自去他们那里。
很多人认为退休后你能做的所有的事就是关闭大脑，埋葬你曾经所学过的所有的东西。这真是大错特错！
不管怎样，我现在得走了。我要练习英语了！我正在互联网上进修一个英语课程。
[助读讲解] ⑥go
up上升，上涨 ⑦in
person亲自 ⑧anyway＝anyhow无论如何
第一步 速读——了解文章主题和段落大意
速读P36教材课文，选择最佳答案
1．What's
the
main
idea
of
the
passage?
A．It's
mainly
about
the
importance
of
formal
education.
B．It's
mainly
about
the
importance
of
life?long
learning.
C．It
mainly
tells
us
about
some
famous
people.
D．Why
people
continue
to
study
after
formal
education.
2．The
three
stories
in
the
passage
tell
us
.
A．“All
roads
lead
to
Rome”
B．“It's
never
too
late
to
learn”
C．“Failure
is
the
mother
of
success”
D．“Everyone
has
his
merits”
[答案] 1－2 BB
第二步 细读——把控文章关键信息
细读P36教材课文，选择最佳答案
1．Which
of
the
following
is
NOT
true
about
Sun
Wen
according
to
the
passage?
A．He
went
to
Qinghua
University
right
after
graduation
from
high
school.
B．He
is
still
working
now.
C．He
took
his
courses
in
the
evenings
and
on
weekends.
D．He
hasn't
got
a
Bachelor's
Degree
in
Computer
Engineering
by
distance
learning
yet.
2．Why
was
Ms
Tang
laid
off?
A．Because
she
was
too
old.
B．Because
she
hadn't
worked
hard
enough.
C．Because
she
had
done
something
wrong.
D．For
some
reason
we
don't
know.
3．What
would
Ms
Tang
mostly
probably
do
next?
A．To
further
her
study.
B．To
go
back
to
the
company
she
used
to
work
for.
C．To
set
up
her
own
business.
D．To
work
as
a
full?time
housewife.
4．What
made
Grandpa
Chen
learn
about
the
Internet?
A．The
fees
for
sending
airmails
were
too
high.
B．Surfing
the
Internet
was
exciting
and
interesting.
C．His
grandson
offered
to
instruct
him
on
how
to
email
and
use
the
Internet.
D．He
didn't
want
to
switch
off
his
brain.
[答案] 1－4 ADCA
第三步 研读——能力升华 接轨高考
根据P36教材课文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
Nowadays，more
and
more
people
of
various
ages
and
backgrounds
are
continuing
to
study
1.to
improve
(improve)
themselves.
Sun
Wen,28
years
old，was
getting
2.promoted(promote)
at
work
because
of
his
new
qualification
by
continuing
education.He
failed
his
college
entrance
exam.But
he
gave
3.himself
(him)
a
second
chance
by
studying
for
a
degree
in
his
spare
time
while
keeping
4.a
secure
full?time
job.
Ms
Tang,45
years
old，was
laid
off
and
became
a
full?time
housewife.
5.However，she
soon
got
bored
and
decided
to
do
a
business
course.Now
she
has
already
prepared
6.for
setting
up
her
own
export
company.She
thought
getting
laid
off
will
prove
to
be
the
7.best(good)
thing
that
ever
happened
to
her.
Grandpa
Chen,75
years
old，is
teaching
himself
new
tricks
every
day.It
started
8.when
the
price
of
postage
went
up
and
it
was
too
expensive
to
send
an
airmail
to
his
daughter
in
the
US，so
he
became
an
Internet
9.user(use)
by
asking
his
grandson
to
instruct
him
on
how
10.to
use(use)
the
Internet.He
thought
it
wrong
to
switch
off
one's
brain
and
bury
everything
one
has
ever
learnt
after
he/she
retires.
PAGEUnit
15
Learning
Section
Ⅱ Language
Points
(
Ⅰ
)
(Warm?up
&
Lesson
1)
Ⅰ.单词拼写
根据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列单词
1．He
let
go
without
warning
me
and
I
fell
backwards(向后)．
2．The
correction(改正)
of
all
my
mistakes
took
nearly
an
hour.
3．I
can
distinguish(辨别)
my
roommates
by
their
footsteps.
4．What
do
you
think
of
the
old
saying(谚语)：“Spare
the
rod，spoil
the
child”？
5．He
couldn't
swallow
because
of
a
sore
throat(喉咙)．
6．Try
to
simplify
your
explanation
for
the
children.
7．Who'll
instruct
them
to
do
the
experiment?
8．How
much
is
the
postage
for
an
airmail
letter
to
Canada?
9．Make
the
windows
secure
before
leaving
the
house.
10．What
made
you
suspect
her
of
having
taken
the
money?
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
根据词性或汉语提示，写出下列单词
1．correct
vt.改正，纠正→correction
n．改正，改进
2．simple
adj.简单的→
simplify
vt.简化
3．suspect
v．怀疑→suspicion
n．猜疑；怀疑→suspicious
adj.可疑的；多疑的
4．instruct
v．指导，教导→instruction
n．指令；教学；说明→instructor
n．教师；指导书
5．secure
adj.稳定的；无忧无虑的→security
n．安全；保证；证券
6．chief
adj.最高级别的→
chiefly
adv.主要地
7．frank
adj.坦率的，真诚的→frankly
adv.坦率地，真诚地
Ⅲ.补全短语
根据提示补全下列短语
1．be
about
to
即将做……，就要做……
2．get
promoted
得到提拔
3．dream
of
梦想，梦见
4．set
up
建立，成立
5．in
person
亲自
6．switch
off
关上
7．break
out
(战争、火灾、疫病等)突然爆发
8．lay
off
裁员；解雇
Ⅳ.选词填空
选用上述短语的适当形式填空
1．When
did
your
factory
lay
off
you
from
your
job?
2．They
set
up
a
tent
near
the
seashore.
3．The
winner
will
be
there
in
person
to
collect
the
prize.
4．He
got
promoted
soon
after
he
entered
the
company.
5．Many
people
dream
of
having
a
house
of
their
own.
6．Be
sure
to
switch
off
the
light
when
you
leave
the
office.
[寻规律、巧记忆]
adj.＋?ty→n.
v.＋out→动词短语
activity活动majority多数safety安全
pick
out挑选；辨认work
out算出；锻炼bring
out使显现；弄明白
背教材原句
记句式结构
仿写促落实
1.It's
never
too
late
to
learn.活到老，学到老。
too...to...结构
英语对玲玲来讲太难了。English
is
too
difficult
for
Lingling
to
learn.
2.I
felt
as
if
I
had
done
something
wrong！我感觉自己似乎做错了什么！
as
if从句
看起来一会儿就要下雨了。It
looks
as
if
it
will
rain
before
long.
3.I
decided
that
it
was
time
I
became
an
Internet
user.我觉得是我成为互联网用户的时候了。
it
is/was
time...
你该拿主意了。It
is
high
time
you
made
up
your
mind.
4.In
the
past，if
I'd
wanted
to
see
them，I
would
have
had
to
visit
them
in
person.过去，如果我想看他们，就不得不亲自去他们那里。
if条件句中的虚拟语气
如果他在这所学校学习的话，他会对你很熟悉。If
he
studied
at
this
school，he
would
know
you
well.
qualification
n.
资格，资历
(教材P36)Because
of
my
new
qualification，I'm
getting
promoted
at
work.
因为我拥有的新资质，我在工作上得以晋升。
qualify
v．
使具备资格
be
qualified
to
do
sth.
有资格做某事
be
qualified
for
具备……资格的；适合担任……的
①He
has
no
qualification
for
this
job.
他没有资格从事这项工作。
②He
knew
he
was
not
qualified(qualify)
to
be
a
teacher.
他知道他没有资格当老师。
③Strictly
speaking，he's
not
qualified
for
the
job.
严格说来，他没有资格做这份工作。
secure
adj.稳定的，无忧无虑的
vt.使安全；保卫
(教材P36)I
decided
to
give
myself
a
second
chance
by
studying
for
a
degree
in
the
evenings
and
on
weekends
while
keeping
a
secure
full?time
job.
我决定再给自己一次机会，在保证一份稳定的全职工作的同时，利用晚上和周末的时间学习以取得学位。
(1)be
secure
against/from
没有……的危险
be
secure
of
对……有把握；确信
fell/be
secure
about/as
to
对……觉得放心
(2)secure(sth.)against/from
使(某物)免遭……
①Now
my
house
is
secure
against
burglary.
现在我的房子没有被盗窃的危险。
②I
feel
secure
about
my
future.
我对未来感到放心。
③Some
measures
are
needed
to
secure
the
farmland
against
shifting(shift)
sand.
需要采取一些措施使农田免遭流沙的侵袭。
lay
off
裁员；解雇
(教材P36)Three
months
ago，when
my
manager
told
me
that
I
would
be
laid
off，my
mind
went
blank
and
my
heart
swelled
with
anger.
三个月前，当我的经理告诉我，我将要下岗了，我的脑子木了，心中充满愤怒。
lay
off
doing
sth.
停止做某事
lay
aside
把……搁置一旁；留存，储存
lay
down
放下；制定(条例或原则)
lay
out
摆开，铺开；安排，布置
①Why
don't
you
lay
off
smoking
for
a
while
until
your
cough
gets
better?
为何不戒一段时间烟，直到你咳嗽好些呢？
②The
factory
has
laid
off
workers
because
of
the
drop
in
sales.
由于销售额下降，工厂解雇了工人。
③Lay
aside
some
money
every
month
and
you'll
become
rich
some
day.
每月存一些钱，将来有一天你就会成为富人。
[名师点津]
注意下面几个动词的词形、词性及意义的区别：
①lie(vi.)—lied—lied撒谎
②lie(vi.)—lay—lain躺；位于
③lay(vt.)—laid—laid放；搁；下蛋，产卵
suspect
v．怀疑；不信任；猜想
n．可疑分子，嫌疑犯
(教材P36)I
suspect
that
they
laid
me
off
because
the
company
was
not
doing
that
well...
我怀疑他们裁掉我是因为公司经营的不是很好……
suspect
sth.
怀疑某事
suspect
sb.to
be
怀疑某人是……
suspect
sb.of
(doing)
sth.
怀疑某人(做)某事；怀疑
某人有罪
suspect＋that从句
怀疑……
①Some
people
suspected
him
of
theft.
有些人怀疑他偷窃。
②The
police
suspected
him
of
taking(take)
part
in
the
jewel
robbery.
警察怀疑他参与了珠宝盗窃案。
③The
doctor
suspected
that
he
was
ill
with
flu.
医生怀疑他得了流感。
instruct
v.
教导，指导
(教材P36)I
got
my
grandson
to
instruct
me
on
how
to
email...
我让我的孙子教我怎样发电子邮件……
(1)instruct
sb.in
sth.＝teach
sb.sth.教某人某事
instruct
sb.to
do
sth.
命令某人做某事
instruct＋that/wh?从句
命令……(从句用虚拟语气)
(2)instruction
n.
教授；传授；[pl.]指示；命令；用法说明
instructions
做某事的指示/命令
instruction
in
sth.
教授/传授某事
①Has
anyone
instructed
you
how
to
use
the
computer?
有人教过你如何使用电脑吗？
②Greater
effort
is
needed
to
instruct
children
in
road
safety.
教导孩子道路安全的知识需要付出更多的努力。
③The
captain
instructed
the
soldiers
to
retreat(retreat)．
上尉命令士兵们撤退。
④This
group
of
trainees
is
still
under
instruction(instruct)．
这群受训者还在接受指导。
bury
vt.埋葬；隐藏；专心致志
(教材P36)So
many
people
think
that
after
you
retire，all
you
can
do
is
switch
off
your
brain
and
bury
everything
you've
ever
learnt.
很多人认为退休后你能做的所有的事就是关闭大脑，埋葬你曾经所学过的所有的东西。
be
buried
alive
被活埋
bury...in...
把……埋到……里
bury
one's
head/face
in
one's
hands用手捂住头/脸
be
buried
in
thought
沉思
bury
oneself
in
(doing)
sth.
埋头于/专心于(做)某事
(be)
buried
in
(doing)
sth.
埋头于/专心于(做)某事
①He
buried
his
face
in
his
hands.他双手掩面。
②He
buried
himself(him)
in
his
work.他埋头工作。
③Buried(bury)
in
his
study，he
didn't
know
that
all
the
others
had
left.
他埋头学习，不知道其他人都早已离开了。
distinguish
vt.&vi.区分，辨别，分清
vt.使有别于，成为……的特征，使具有……特色；使出众
(教材P37)If
the
room
had
not
been
dark，he
would
have
distinguished
the
two
pictures.
如果房间不暗，他早就分辨出两幅图画了。
distinguish
between
A
and
B
区分A和B
distinguish
A
from
B
把A和B区分开
distinguish
oneself
(as...)
某人(作为……)著名/受人青睐
①Reading
good
books
can
not
only
enrich
our
knowledge
but
also
teach
us
to
distinguish
between
right
and
wrong.
阅读好书既能丰富我们的知识又能教我们分辨是非。
②It's
important
to
distinguish
reality
from
dreams.
重要的是要把现实与梦想区别开来。
③As
far
as
we
all
know，Lang
Ping
has
already
distinguished
herself
as
a
great
volleyball
coach
in
the
world.
众所周知，郎平作为优秀的排球教练在世界上已享有盛名。
(教材P36)It's
never
too
late
to
learn.
活到老，学到老。
【要点提炼】
too...to...中的too前面如果用了否定词(如never)，则该句表示肯定意义。
(1)too...to...中的too前如有far等词修饰，则这些词表示强调。
(2)too...to...结构意为“太……而不能……”，表示否定含义。
(3)too...to...句式中，too后接形容词ready(现成的)，incline(偏于……的)，apt(易于……)，eager(急切的)，anxious(着急的)等词时，无否定的意思。
(4)only
too...to...也表示肯定，其中，too后的形容词多为表示某种心情的，如：glad，pleased，willing，thankful，delighted等；也有描绘性的形容词，如：good，kind，true等。
①He
is
too
young
to
dress
himself.
他太小了，不会自己穿衣服。
②He
was
far
too
busy
to
think
of
giving
up.
他太忙，没有时间想到放弃。
③She
is
not
too
clever
to
go(go)
with
him.
她很机灵，没有跟他一起走。
④He
is
too
ready
to
talk(talk)．
他爱说话。
⑤The
film
is
only
too
good
to
see(see)．
这部电影很好，值得一看。
(教材P36)I
felt
as
if
I
had
done
something
wrong!
我感觉自己似乎做错了什么！
【要点提炼】 as
if/though引导方式状语从句。as
if意为“似乎，好像”，可以位于系动词look，seem，feel，sound，smell等后引导表语从句，以及act，treat等之后引导方式状语从句。
(1)as
if引导的方式状语从句所表示的情况是事实或具有很大可能性时，通常用陈述语气。常与look，seem，taste，smell，sound等词连用。
(2)as
if引导的方式状语从句所表示的情况不是事实，而是主观的想象或夸大的比喻，通常用虚拟语气，其形式如下：
①如果从句表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时。
②如果从句表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用“had＋过去分词”。
③如果从句表示与将来事实相反，谓语动词用“would/could/might＋动词原形”。
①It
seems
as
if
the
boy
has
lost
his
way.
好像这个男孩迷路了。
②He
is
a
happy
and
lucky
man
as
if
he
has
no
worries
and
cares
in
the
world.
他是个无忧无虑的人，好像世上没有什么让他烦恼和发愁的事。
③He
walks
as
if
he
were(be)
drunk.
他走起路来像是喝醉了似的。
(教材P36)I
decided
that
it
was
time
I
became
an
Internet
user.
我觉得是我成为互联网用户的时候了。
【要点提炼】
It's
time
that结构用于表示“是该……的时候了”。that后面的句子应使用虚拟语气，谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”或用一般过去时。
“是该做某事的时候了”的几种表达方式：
It
is
time
for
sth.
It
is
time
to
do
sth.
It
is
time
(for
sb.)to
do
sth.
It
is
time
for
doing
sth.
It
is
time
(that)
sb.should
do/did
sth.
①It
is
time
for
us
to
do
our
homework.
我们该做作业了。
②It's
high
time
that
the
article
were
published(publish)．
发表这篇文章是适时的。
③It's
time
you
should
do(do)
cleaning.
你该去打扫卫生了。
1．I
got
my
grandson
to
instruct
me
on
how
to
email
and
use
the
Internet
and
I
really
enjoy
the
speed
at
which
my
messages
get
sent
and
answered.
【分析】 本句是由and连接的并列句。第一个分句中，how
to
email
and
use
the
Internet是“疑问词＋不定式”作介词on的宾语；第二个分句中at
which引导定语从句，修饰先行词the
speed；定语从句中的谓语get
sent
and
answered是get
done结构。
【翻译】 我让我的孙子教我怎样发电子邮件和使用互联网，我真的很喜欢我的信息的传送和回复的速度。
2．So
many
people
think
that
after
you
retire，all
you
can
do
is
switch
off
your
brain
and
bury
everything
you've
ever
learnt.
【分析】 本句是两个主从复合句。So
many
people
think...是主句；that引导的是宾语从句，作think的宾语；after
you
retire是状语从句；you
can
do是省略that的定语从句，修饰先行词all；you've
ever
learnt是省略that的定语从句，修饰先行词everything。
【翻译】 很多人认为退休后你能做的所有的事就是关闭大脑，埋葬你曾经所学过的所有的东西。
突破(五)——虚拟语气(Ⅰ)
语
境
自
主
领
悟
先观察原句
后自主感悟
①I
decided
that
it
was
time
I
became
an
Internet
user.②I
felt
as
if
I
had
done
something
wrong！③In
the
past，if
someone
had
worked
for
a
company
for
over
20
years，they
would
have
stayed
there
until
retirement！
1.在“it
is/was
time(that)
...”结构中that引导的句子用虚拟语气，即用一般过去时或should＋动词原形，但should不可省略。2.在as
if引导的方式状语从句中，如果所表示的情况不是事实，通常用虚拟语气，如果从句表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用had＋过去分词。3.在if引导的虚拟条件句中，如果与过去事实相反，从句谓语用过去完成式(had
done)，主句谓语用would/should/could/might＋have
done。
一、虚拟语气的使用范围及判断
1．虚拟语气表示一种假设。它主要用于由if引导的条件状语从句中，也可用于主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句中。
2．if条件状语从句中虚拟语气的判断。
虚拟语气的假设，通常有三种情况：与过去事实相反，与现在事实相反，与将来事实可能相反。
3．后退一步法。
后退一步法指在准确地判断了该句与哪一事实相反后，按虚拟语气的后退一步法处理从句谓语动词的时态，即在非真实条件状语从句中，谓语动词按正常情况“后退一步”。也就是：与过去事实相反，在从句中用过去完成时形式表示；与现在事实相反，在从句中用一般过去时形式表示；与将来事实可能相反，在从句中用过去将来时形式表示。主句中则用would，should，could等情态动词加动词形式。
If
I
had
come
here
yesterday，I
would
have
seen
him.
如果我昨天来这儿，我就能见到他了。
If
I
were
a
teacher，I
would
be
strict
with
my
students.
如果我是老师，我将会严格要求学生。
If
it
should
snow
tomorrow，they
couldn't
go
out.
如果明天下雪，他们就不能外出了。
4．在现代英语中，if条件状语从句中的谓语动词如果是be，其过去式一般用were。
二、虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的用法
虚拟条件句
主句
与现在事实相反的假设
If＋主语＋动词的过去式(be动词用were)
主语＋should/would/
could/might＋动词原形
与过去事实相反的假设
If＋主语＋had＋过去分词
主语＋should/would/
could/might＋have＋过去分词
与将来事实可能相反的假设
If＋主语＋动词过去式
主语＋should/would/
could/might＋动词原形
If＋主语＋were
to＋动词原形
If＋主语＋should＋动词原形
If
you
had
taken
my
advice，you
would
not
have
failed
in
the
exams.假如你听了我的建议的话，你就不会考试不及格了。(实际上没考好)
If
you
came
tomorrow，we
would
have
the
meeting.
假如你明天来的话，我们就开会。
If
it
were
to
rain
tomorrow，the
sports
meeting
would
be
put
off.如果明天下雨，运动会就推迟。
If
he
should
not
come
tomorrow，we
should
put
off
the
meeting
till
next
Monday.
假如他明天不来，我们将会议推迟到下周一。
[即时演练1] 单句语法填空
①If
Mr.Dewey
had
been(be)
present，he
would
have
offered
any
possible
assistance
to
the
people
there.
②We
would
be(be)
back
in
the
hotel
now
if
you
didn't
lose
the
map.
③I
should
not
have
laughed
if
I
could
have
thought(think)
you
were
serious.
三、使用虚拟条件句时要注意以下几点
1．当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时(被称为“错综时间条件句”)，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作相应的调整。
If
you
had
studied
hard
before，you
would
be
a
college
student
now.
假如你以前努力学习，你现在就是一位大学生了。
2．在条件句中可省略if，把were，had，should提到句首，变为倒装句式。
If
I
were
at
school
again，I
would
study
harder.
→Were
I
at
school
again，I
would
study
harder.
如果再次回到学校的话，我会更加努力地学习。
If
you
had
come
earlier，you
would
have
caught
the
bus.
→Had
you
come
earlier，you
would
have
caught
the
bus.如果早点来的话，你肯定赶上了公交车。
If
it
should
rain
tomorrow，we
would
not
go
climbing.
→Should
it
rain
tomorrow，we
would
not
go
climbing.
如果明天下雨的话，我们就不去爬山。
注意：若省略的条件句中的谓语动词为否定，不能用动词的缩略形式。
如：Were
it
not
for
the
expense，I
would
go
abroad
now.如果不是费用问题，我现在就出国了。
但不能说：Weren't
it
for
the
expense，I
would
go
abroad
now.
3．用介词短语代替条件状语从句。常用的介词有with，without，but
for。
What
would
you
do
with
a
million
dollars？(if
you
had
a
million
dollars)
假如有一百万美元的话，你会做什么？
We
couldn't
have
finished
the
work
ahead
of
time
without
your
help.(if
we
hadn't
got
your
help)
Without
your
help，we
couldn't
have
finished
the
work
ahead
of
time.
(＝But
for
your
help，...＝If
it
had
not
been
for
your
help，...＝Had
it
not
been
for
your
help，...)
如果没有你的帮助，我们是不能提前完成工作的。
4．含蓄条件句。
有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中并不总是出现if引导的条件句，而通过其他手段来代替条件句。
I
was
ill
that
day.Otherwise，I
would
have
taken
part
in
the
sports
meeting.(副词)
那天我病了。要不然我就参加运动会了。
He
telephoned
to
inform
me
of
your
birthday，or
I
would
have
known
nothing
about
it.(连词)
是他打电话告诉我你的生日的，否则我什么都不知道。
A
man
who
stopped
drinking
water
would
be
dead
in
about
seven
days.(定语从句)
一个人7天左右不喝水就会死。
I
might
have
given
you
more
help，but
I
was
too
busy.(连词)
我本可以给你更多帮助的，但我太忙了。
[即时演练2] 单句语法填空
①Without
your
help
the
old
man
would
not
live(not
live)
now.
②We
took
a
taxi
to
the
lecture
hall.Otherwise
we
would
have
been(be)
late
for
the
meeting.
③If
he
had
followed(follow)
the
doctor's
advice，he
would
recover
already.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．If
you
had
tried
harder，you
could/would
have
passed(pass)
your
exam.
2．They
wouldn't
have
gotten
it
done
today
if
I
hadn't
helped(help)
them.
3．If
the
bus
hadn't
been
delayed(delay)，I
might
have
arrived
on
time.
4．If
the
weather
had
been
more
favorable，the
crop
would
be
growing(grow)
still
better.
5．He
knew
that
if
he
were(be)
white，he
could
have
been
a
successful
professional
man.
6．Had
I
taken(take)an
umbrella
with
me，I
wouldn't
have
been
caught
in
the
rain.
7．If
I
were
you，I
wouldn't
have
missed(miss)the
film
last
night.
8．I
ran
all
the
way
to
school，otherwise
I
would
have
been
(be)late.
9．If
I
knew
his
telephone
number，I
would
tell
(tell)you.
10．If
he
should
come/were
to
come/came(come)here
tomorrow，I
could
talk
to
him.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．If
I
was
you，I
would
run
faster.
was→were
2．I
know
nothing
about
the
film.If
I
knew
about
it，I
will
tell
you.
will→would
3．If
she
worked
hard
enough，she
would
have
passed
the
English
exam.
worked前加had
4．If
it
were
not
rain
tomorrow，they
might
go
to
the
Great
Wall.
not后加to
5．If
it
were
not
for
the
fact
that
she
couldn't
sing，I
would
invite
her
to
the
party.
couldn't→can't
6．Should
the
weather
fine，we
might
go
on
a
trip.
fine前加be
7．She
was
very
busy
yesterday，otherwise
she
would
come
to
the
meeting.
would后加have
8．If
you
asked
him
yesterday，you
would
know
what
to
do
now.asked前加had
9．He
would
be
a
good
sportsman
now
if
he
trained
regularly.
trained前加had
10．How
nice
it
would
be
if
you
had
stayed
a
bit
longer！
去掉had
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Jack
has
obtained
a
qualification(qualify)．
2．Sometimes
the
police
are
not
absolutely
sure
that
someone
has
committed
a
crime，but
suspect
him
of
having
done
it.
3．He
was
buried(bury)
in
watching
TV.
4．A
computer
can
only
do
what
you
have
instructed
(instruct)
it
to
do.
5．My
car
has
broken
down.Would
you
help
me
to
get
it
started
(start)?
6．Comrade
Lei
Feng
was
too
ready
to
help(help)
others.
7．The
trees
can
secure
the
crops
against/from
sand.
8．The
workforce
was
laid
off
because
they
didn't
grasp
the
advanced
technology.
9．Don't
handle
the
vase
as
if
it
were(be)
made
of
steel.
10．It
is
time
that
he
should
come/came(come)
to
our
house
for
dinner.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．What
made
you
suspect
her
of
have
taken
the
money？have→having
2．He
buried
him
in
his
work
from
morning
till
night
to
redeem
the
lost
time.
him→himself
3．She
has
all
the
right
qualification
to
be
a
good
teacher.
qualification→qualifications
4．It
is
high
time
that
the
headmaster
make
up
his
mind.
make→made或make前加should
5．He
looks
as
though
he
haven't
had
a
decent
meal
for
a
month.
haven't→hadn't
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．把铅笔的一部分放进水里，它看起来好像折断了似的。
When
a
pencil
is
partly
in
a
glass
of
water，it
looks
as
if
it
were
broken.
2．能帮助您，我真是太高兴了。
I
am
only
too
glad
to
be
able
to
help
you.
3．是该干正事的时候了。
It's
high
time
that
we
should
get
down
to
business.
4．这个年轻人不担心自己的前途。
The
young
man
is
secure
about/of
his
future.
5．他们首先得为这项工程制订一个计划。
First
they
had
to
lay
down
a
plan
for
the
project.
PAGEUnit
15
Learning
Section
Ⅲ Reading(Ⅱ)
(Lesson
2
&
Lesson
3)
Ⅰ.匹配下列单词的词性及汉语意思
( )1.conservative
A．vt.反映；反射
( )2.assignment
B．vt.挑选
( )3.punishment
C．vt.缺乏，没有
( )4.reputation
D．n.(使用或见到的)机会，权利
( )5.outstanding
E．n.惩罚，处罚
( )6.reflect
F．v.误解
( )7.select
G．n.作业；任务，工作
( )8.misunderstand
H．adj.杰出的，优秀的
( )9.lack
I．adj.保守的，旧式的
( )10.access
J．n.名誉，名声
[答案] 1—5 IGEJH 6—10 ABFCD
Ⅱ.选择下列句中词组的汉语意思
( )1.To
some
extent，I
can
understand
their
attitude.
( )2.Tom
has
to
take
long
steps
to
keep
pace
with
his
father.
( )3.Proper
rest
and
enough
sleep
contribute
to
longevity.
( )4.The
flight
was
put
off
about
a
quarter，because
of
great
fog.
( )5.For
a
long
time
he
had
wanted
to
take
up
writing.
[答案] 1—5 CDEAB
(教师用书独具)
My
Teacher
Graham
Lawrence,29，science
author
who
gives
presentations
on
TV①，went
to
Overton
School,1981－1989.
I
haven't
seen
Mr
Jenkins
since
I
left
school
but
I
often
think
about
him.I
wasn't
very
good
at
most
school
subjects.I
suppose
I
was
a
bit
lazy
and
now
I
wish
I'd
done
more
work②，especially
in
maths.The
only
thing
I
can
remember
from
school
maths
is
that
the
angles
of
a
triangle
add
up
to
180
degrees③！But
when
I
was
15
and
went
into
Mr
Jenkins'
class，I
really
became
interested
in
a
subject
for
the
first
time.
Before
Mr
Jenkins，science
had
simply
been
a
subject
full
of
strange
words
to
me.I
had
no
idea
what
an
atom
was
and
I
didn't
really
want
to
know
either！I
found
it
all
so
boring
and
difficult.But
Mr
Jenkins
made
everything
interesting.He
used
to
explain
things
with
lots
of
practical
examples
and
simplified
things
that
seemed
difficult④.One
day，he
took
us
outside
and
we
built
a
rocket！I
remember
that
he
let
me
pour
some
powder
into
the
rocket
and
then
another
student
lit
a
flame
to
set
it
off.It
was
great
fun.
我的老师
格雷厄姆·劳伦，29岁，自然科学作家和电视明星，于1981至1989年间在奥菲顿中学读书。
自从我离开学校后再也没见过詹金斯先生，但我经常想起他。我上学时大多数科目都学得不太好。我想我当时有点懒，现在我真希望当时能多做些努力，特别是在数学方面。现在我对从学校所学的数学能够记得唯一的东西就是一个三角形的角度总和等于180度！但是当我十五岁走进詹金斯先生的课堂时，我平生第一次真正的对一门课产生了兴趣。
在詹金斯先生教我之前，科学课对我而言只是一门充满怪异词汇的科目。我不知道原子是什么，也不想知道！我觉得自然科学很乏味无聊，又深奥难懂。但是詹金斯先生使一切变得妙趣横生。他总是通过许多实实在在的例子来讲解知识，使看来难懂的事物简单化。有一天，他带我们到户外，我们自己制作了一个火箭！我还记得他让我把一些粉末倒入火箭，然后另一个学生点火使火箭射出去。真是有趣极了。
[助读讲解] ①此处是同位语，其中who引导定语从句修饰先行词author。
②wish从句使用虚拟语气，表示对过去的假设。
③I
can
remember是定语从句修饰先行词the
only
thing；that
the
angles
of....是that引导的表语从句。
④that
seemed
difficult是定语从句，修饰先行词things。
I
know
that
I
wasn't
a
willing
student
and
I
shouldn't
have
been⑤
so
difficult
at
school，but
it
was
probably
because
I
lacked
confidence
in
myself.Mr
Jenkins
made
me
feel
that
I
could
do
things.I
was
interested
in
astronomy
and
he
asked
me
to
give
a
presentation
to
the
class.That
was
really
the
first
time
I
ever
tried
to
explain
science
to
an
audience
and
now
it's
my
job！Often
when
I'm
preparing
a
programme，I
think
about
how
Mr
Jenkins
would
have
done
it.Sometimes
I
wish
I
could
phone
him
and
ask
for
his
opinion⑥！
我知道自己上学时不是一个特别上进的学生，我也知道自己本来不该这么叛逆，但那也许是因为我太缺乏自信了。詹金斯先生让我感到我能把事情做好。我对天文很感兴趣，于是他让我给全班上一堂课。这是我第一次面对听众讲解科学知识，而现在这成了我的工作！现在每当我准备一个节目时，我都会设想詹金斯先生怎样做。有时我真希望给他打个电话征求他的意见。
[助读讲解] ⑤shouldn't
have
done本不应该做某事
⑥wish后使用虚拟语气，表示对现在的假设。
My
Student
Brian
Jenkins，science
teacher
at
Overton
School.
Before
Graham
came
into
my
class，he
was
very
difficult.I
had
heard
stories
about
his
bad
behaviour.Once
I
caught
him
and
a
friend
seeing
who
could
spit
the
furthest
off
the
school
stage！But
when
he
got
interested，he
changed.The
first
day
he
walked
into
my
class，he
was
dragging
his
school
bag
behind
him
and
looking
bored，but
as
soon
as
I
set
up
an
experiment
to
show
how
the
human
stomach
works
using
acid
and
an
onion，he
gave
me
his
full
attention.He
loved
science！He
was
very
bright
and
should
have
done
much
better
in
all
his
other
subjects.I've
read
a
couple
of
his
books
and
seen
him
on
TV.I
always
say
to
my
wife，“Oh
look，I
used
to
teach
him！”
I
wish
I
was
as
successful
with
all
my
students
as
I
was
with
Graham.It's
difficult
teaching
nowadays⑦.There
are
lots
of
problems
and
not
enough
money.The
government
should
have
put
more
money
towards
science
education.And
I
wish
they
would
decrease
the
size
of
classes
－
it's
not
easy
doing
lessons
in
laboratories
with
big
groups
and
it
must
be
even
worse
in
the
poorer
schools！At
least
with
schools
like
ours，we
have
laboratories!
My
wife
often
wishes
that
I
had
chosen
a
job
with
less
stress⑧
but
I
love
what
I
do.
The
thing
about
being
a
teacher
is
that
you
have
access
to
children's
minds
when
they
are
open
and
eager
to
learn⑨.And
if
what
I
do
as
a
teacher
can
help
turn
a
child
like
Graham
into
such
a
successful
adult，then
I
know
what
I'm
doing
is
worthwhile.
我的学生
布莱恩·詹金斯，奥菲顿中学的自然科学老师。
格雷厄姆来到我班以前他是个问题学生。我对他的恶劣行径早有所闻。有一次我当场抓到他与一个朋友比赛谁从学校舞台上吐口水吐的最远！但是当他萌生兴趣后，一切都改变了。在他走进我的课堂的第一天时，他身后拖着书包，表情厌倦，但是当我用酸和洋葱做实验以表现人的胃的运作时，他立刻变得全神贯注。他喜欢自然科学！格雷厄姆非常聪明，他本来应该能把他所有的科目都学得更好。我读过两本他写的书，也在电视上见过他。我总是对妻子说，“看那，我曾经教过他”。
我想我教其他所有学生也能像教格雷厄姆这样成功。如今教书不那么容易了。有许多问题，经费很紧张。政府应该再给自然科学的教育多拨些款。我还希望他们能减少在实验室上课的班级人数，小组人数太多不太好操作，比较穷的学校里情况一定更差！至少像我们这样的学校，我们有实验室！
我的妻子常常希望我选择一份压力小点的工作，但是我热爱我所做的一切。作为老师你可以在孩子们心灵顿开、渴望学习时进入他们的思想。如果我作为老师所做的工作能够帮助将一个像格雷厄姆这样的孩子变成如此成功的一个成年人，那么我知道我所做的一切都是值得的。
[助读讲解] ⑦it作形式主语。
⑧wish后跟虚拟语气，表示对过去的假设。
⑨that引导表语从句，从句中when引导时间状语从句。
第一步 速读——了解文章主题和段落大意
速读P40教材课文，匹配段落大意
Part
1 My
Teacher
1．Para.1
A．Graham
began
to
show
interest
in
his
study.
2．Para.2
B．Mr
Jenkins's
teaching
method
benefits
Graham
a
lot.
3．Para.3
C．Graham
wasn't
very
good
at
most
school
subjects.
Part
2 My
Student
4．Para.1
A．Mr
Jenkins
thinks
what
he's
doing
worthwhile.
5．Para.2
B．Mr
Jenkins
would
take
pride
in
Graham's
success.
6．Para.3
C．There
are
lots
of
problems
in
teaching
nowadays.
[答案] 1－6 CABBCA
第二步 细读——把控文章关键信息
细读P40教材课文，选择最佳答案
1．From
the
two
passages
we
know
Graham
Lawrence
and
Brian
Jenkins
are
.
A．son
and
father
B．student
and
teacher
C．classmates
D．employee
and
employer
2．Graham
was
before
Mr
Jenkins
came
into
his
life.
A．good
at
maths
B．interested
in
science
C．a
stupid
student
D．a
bit
lazy
3．In
what
way
did
Mr
Jenkins
turn
Graham
into
a
good
student?
A．Punishing
him
if
he
didn't
do
well
in
his
lessons.
B．Asking
him
to
give
lessons
to
his
classmates.
C．Inspiring
him
to
believe
that
he
could
do
things.
D．Letting
him
pour
some
powder
into
a
rocket.
4．From
the
passage
we
know
Mr
Jenkins
is
a
teacher
.
A．who
could
make
his
classes
very
interesting
B．who
often
feels
tired
when
teaching
C．who
had
only
one
successful
student
D．who
paid
no
attention
to
the
status
of
education
5．Which
of
the
following
is
NOT
mentioned
as
a
problem
in
the
passage?
A．There
is
lack
of
money.
B．There
are
too
many
students
in
one
class.
C．There
are
not
enough
teachers.
D．Science
education
has
not
been
paid
enough
attention
to.
[答案] 1－5 BDCAC
第三步 研读——能力升华 接轨高考
根据P40教材课文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
Graham
Lawrence，a
science
author
1.who
gives
presentations
on
TV，went
to
Overton
School，from
1981
to
1989.He
wasn't
very
good
at
most
school
subjects.But
when
he
went
into
Mr
Jenkins'
class，he
2.became(become)
interested
in
a
subject
for
the
first
time.Before
Mr
Jenkins'
class，science
had
3.simply(simple)
been
a
subject
full
of
strange
words
to
him.But
Mr
Jenkins
made
everything
4.interesting(interest)．
He
used
to
explain
things
with
lots
of
practical
examples
and
5.simplified(simplify)
things
that
seemed
difficult.Graham
knew
that
he
wasn't
a
willing
student
and
he
shouldn't
have
been
so
difficult
at
school，but
it
was
probably
6.because
he
lacked
confidence
in
himself.Mr
Jenkins
made
7.him(he)
feel
that
he
could
do
things.Just
as
Mr
Jenkins
said
Graham
was
very
difficult
at
first.But
when
he
got
interested，he
changed.He
loved
science！He
was
very
bright
and
should
have
done
much
8.better(good)
in
all
his
other
subjects.Mr
Jenkins
finds
it's
difficult
9.to
teach(teach)
nowadays.There
are
lots
of
problems
but
not
enough
money.The
government
should
have
spend
more
money
10.on
science
education.So
he
wishes
they
would
decrease
the
size
of
classes！
PAGEUnit
15
Learning
Section
Ⅳ Language
Points(
Ⅱ
)(Lesson
2
&
Lesson
3)
Ⅰ.单词拼写
根据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列单词
1．He
is
the
best
man
who
can
finish
the
assignment(任务)．
2．He
had
gained
himself
a
reputation(名声)
for
unfairness.
3．Soldiers
are
trained
to
obey(服从)
without
question.
4．He
made
outstanding(杰出的)
contributions
in
the
realm
of
foreign
affairs.
5．Let
us
drag(拖)
the
heavy
box
out
of
the
cupboard.
6．He
spoke
so
clearly
as
not
to
be
misunderstood.
7．A
bright
surface
will
reflect
sunlight.
8．The
boy
avoided
punishment
by
running
away.
9．You
may
select
whoever
you
think
is
suitable.
10．All
students
have
free
access
to
the
library.
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词
1．reflect
vt.反映；反射→reflection
n．反射；反映；沉思→reflective
adj.反射的
2．repute
n．名声；名气；声望→reputation
n．名誉，名声
3．select
vt.挑选→selective
adj.选择的；选择性的→selection
n．选择；挑选
4．alternate
vi.交替；轮流→alternative
adj.非传统的；另类的
5．assign
vt.分配；指定；指派→assignment
n．作业；任务，工作
6．lack
vt.缺乏，没有→lacking
adj.缺少的；没有的
7．access
n．(使用或见到的)机会，权利→accessible
adj.可得到的；易接近的；可进入的
Ⅲ.补全短语
根据提示补全下列短语
1．to
some
extent
在某种程度上
2．have
no
alternative/choice
but
to
do
别无选择只能做
3．keep
pace
with
与……步调一致
4．contribute
to
有助于；导致
5．select...as
挑选……作为
6．put
off
推迟
7．take
up
从事；占据
8．stand
out
突出；显眼；杰出
9．go
over
复习
Ⅳ.选词填空
选用上述短语的适当形式填空
1．Now
let's
go
over
all
the
lessons
we
studied.
2．You
have
no
alternative
but
to
stay
here
overnight.
3．The
little
boy
can't
keep
pace
with
his
big
brothers.
4．The
garden
party
is
put
off
because
of
the
weather.
5．The
tall
tower
stood
out
among
the
low
buildings.
6．Too
much
alcoholic
drink
will
contribute
to
your
ruin.
[寻规律、巧记忆]
n.＋?ble→adj.
v.＋over→复合短语
variable易变的reliable可靠的horrible可怕的
get
over克服take
over接管knock
over撞翻
背教材原句
记句式结构
仿写促落实
1.Some
schools
teach
how
to
pass
tests
so
that
the
students
can
go
to
university.有些学校教授如何通过考试，以便学生能上大学。
so
that目的状语从句
他戴了一个面罩，使别人认不出他来。He
wore
a
mask
so
that
no
one
should
recognize
him.
2.Once
I
caught
him
and
a
friend
seeing
who
could
spit
the
furthest
off
the
school
stage！有一次我当场抓到他与一个朋友比赛谁从学校舞台上吐口水吐的最远！
catch
sb.doing...
昨晚，警察抓住他正在偷车。The
police
caught
him
stealing
a
car
last
night.
alternative
adj.可选择的；另类的
n.
可供选择的事物；可供……
(教材P38)Jack
had
a
“traditional”
education
and
Nicholas
had
an
“alternative”
one.
杰克接受了“传统”教育，而尼古拉斯则接受了“可选择的”教育。
an
alternative
to...
……的替代品
①To
stay
where
I
was
is
my
only
alternative.
留在原地是我唯一的选择。
②I'm
afraid
I
have
no
alternative
but
to
report(report)
you
to
the
police.
恐怕除了向警方告发你以外，我别无选择了。
③His
idea
is
an
alternative
to
the
orginal
plan.
他的主张是原定计划的备选。
[名师点津]
“别无选择只好做某事”还可表示为：①cannot
but
do
sth. ②have
no
choice
but
to
do
sth. ③cannot
help
but
do
sth.
reflect
vt.反映；反射vi.认真思考；沉思
(教材P38)Our
school
motto
reflects
the
importance
we
place
on
good
manners，hard
work
and
success.我们学校的箴言反映了我们对崇尚礼貌、努力和成功的重视。
(1)reflect
sb./
sth.in
sth.
映出；反映
reflect
on/upon
仔细想；考虑；反省
reflect
that...
思考……
(2)reflection
n.
反映；反射；映像；沉思；深思；思考
a
reflection
on...
反映了……
on
reflection
经再三思考
①She
could
see
herself
reflected
in
his
eyes.
她在他眼里看到了自己。
②I'm
sitting
in
the
small
yard，reflecting
on
the
plan.
我坐在小院子里，想着这个计划。
③The
moon
looks
bright
because
of
the
reflection(reflect)
of
light.
月亮由于光的反射看上去很亮。
[图形助记]
select
vt.挑选；选择；选拔
(教材P39)Well，select
another
one
then.
然后，选择另一个。
be
selected
to
do
sth.
选来做某事
select
sb./sth.as/
for...
选某人/某物为……
select
sb./sth.from...
从……中挑选……
selection
n.
挑选，选择，选拔
①Four
skiers
will
be
selected
to
represent
each
country.
每个国家将选出四名滑雪者作为代表。
②We
select
him
as
our
leader.
我们选他作我们的领导。
[明辨异同] select/choose/pick
select
强调在广泛的范围内进行“精选或淘汰”，侧重按客观标准进行选择。
choose
侧重根据个人意愿和判断从众多的对象中进行选择，着重指被选者的优点。
pick
为口语化，强调“在众多事物之中进行仔细挑选”。
用select，choose，pick
out填空
③He
looked
through
the
suits
and
selected
the
cheapest
one
for
me.
④Pick
out
all
the
words
in
the
poem
that
suggest
despair.
⑤He
chose
his
words
carefully，hoping
to
avoid
a
quarrel.
to
a
certain
extent在某种程度上
(教材P39)Well，to
a
certain
extent，you're
right.
在某种程度上，你是对的。
to
a
great/large
extent
很大程度上，非常
to
some
extent
在某种程度上，(多少)有一点
to
the
extent
that...
达到……的程度
to...extent
在……程度上，到……程度
①Success
depends
to
a
large
extent
on
attitudes.
成功在很大程度上取决于态度。
②A
balanced
diet
is
the
key
to
a
healthy
life.To
what
extent
do
you
agree
or
disagree
with
this?
均衡的饮食对健康生活至关重要。你在多大程度上同意或不同意这一观点呢？
[名师点津]
表示“在某种程度上”的短语还有：in
some/a/one
way，to
some/a
certain
degree等。
set
off出发，动身；使爆炸；引发，激起
(教材P40)...then
another
student
lit
a
flame
to
set
it
off.
……然后另一个学生点火使火箭发射出去。
写出下列句中set
off的含义
①Our
drifting
team
will
set
off
after
a
while.
出发
②A
gang
of
boys
were
setting
off
fireworks
in
the
street.
使爆炸
③His
speech
set
off
violence
in
the
crowd.
激起
set
up
开办，建立
set
down
放下；记下
set
out
to
do
sth.
动身；开始做某事
set
about
doing
sth.
开始；着手做某事
set
aside
把……放到一边，不理会
④She
set
out
to
break
the
world
record.
她一心努力要打破世界纪录。
⑤We
need
to
set
about
finding(find)
a
solution.
我们需要着手寻找一个解决办法。
⑥We
try
to
set
aside
some
money
every
month.
我们每个月都尽量存点钱。
lack
vt.缺乏，没有
n．缺乏，不足
(教材P40)I
know
that
I
wasn't
a
willing
student
and
I
shouldn't
have
been
so
difficult
at
school，but
it
was
probably
because
I
lacked
confidence
in
myself.
我知道自己上学时不是一个特别上进的学生，我也知道自己本来不该那么叛逆，但那也许是因为我太缺乏自信了。
(1)lack
for
nothing
不缺乏；应有尽有
(2)lacking
adj.
短缺的；缺乏的
be
lacking
in
缺少
(3)a
lack
of
缺乏……
through/for
lack
of
因缺乏……
no
lack
of...
不缺乏……
①Lacking
natural
resources，Japan
imports
more
than
95%
of
its
energy.
由于缺乏自然资源，日本所需的能源95%以上需要进口。
②Lack
of
experience
made
John
fail
in
the
interview.
经验的缺乏使得约翰在面试中失败。
③The
child
seems
to
be
lacking
in
intelligence.
这孩子似乎智力低下。
access
n.
接近或进入之路；(使用或见到的)机会，权利
(教材P40)The
thing
about
being
a
teacher
is
that
you
have
access
to
children's
minds
when
they
are
open
and
eager
to
learn.
作为老师你可以在孩子们心灵顿开、渴望学习时进入他们的思想。
access
to...
进入……的通道
get/have/gain/obtain
access
to...
有权进入……，有权使用……
accessible
adj.
可到达的，可接近的，可用的，可进入的
be
accessible
to...
对……而言容易接近/进入
①The
court
gave
him
access
to
his
child
at
weekends.
法庭准许他周末看看孩子。
②The
only
access
to
that
cottage
is
across
the
farmland.
到达农舍的唯一通路是穿过农田。
③The
information
is
there
and
waiting
to
be
accessible(access)
by
anyone
here.
这里的信息，允许在这里的任何人访问。
worthwhile
adj.值得(努力、花时间、花钱)的
(教材P40)And
if
what
I
do
as
a
teacher
can
help
turn
a
child
like
Graham
into
such
a
successful
adult，then
I
know
what
I'm
doing
is
worthwhile.
如果我作为老师所做的工作能够帮助将一个像格雷厄姆这样的孩子变成如此成功的一个成年人，那么我知道我所做的一切都是值得的。
It
is/was
worthwhile
doing/to
do
sth.
做某事是值得的
be
worth＋n.
值得……，值……
be
worth
doing
某事值得被做
be
worthy
of＋n.
值得某事物
be
worthy
of
being
done/be
worthy
to
be
done
某事值得被做……
①He
who
does
his
duty
is
worthy
of
praising.
凡是忠于职守的人都值得奖励。
②I
don't
think
it
worthwhile
to
devote/devoting
(devote)
so
much
time
to
discussing
the
matter.
我认为花这么多时间来讨论这件事不值得。
③He
notes
down
everything
that's
worth
remembering(remember)．
他把值得记住的东西全都写了下来。
[名师点津]
(1)表示“很值得做……”要用副词well来修饰。
(2)worth一般只作表语；而worthy和worthwhile既可作表语又可作定语。
(教材P38)Some
schools
teach
how
to
pass
tests
so
that
the
students
can
go
to
university.
有些学校教授如何通过考试，以便学生能上大学。
【要点提炼】
so
that
在这里引导目的状语从句，意为“为了……”，相当于in
order
that。so
that引导目的状语从句时，常与can，could，be
able
to连用。
so...that...如此……以至于……?that
引导的结果状语从句?so的后面跟副词或形容词。
so...that...的句型构成是so＋adj./adv.＋that,such...that...的句型构成是such＋?adj.?n.＋that
①The
teacher
speaks
so
fast
that
I
can't
catch
the
words.
老师说得太快了，以至于我听不清楚他的话。
②He
caught
such
a
bad
cold
that
he
coughed
day
and
night.
他得了重感冒以至于日夜地咳嗽。
[名师点津]
“such＋a(n)＋adj.＋单数名词”结构可以与“so＋adj.＋a(n)＋单数名词”结构互换，其他结构则不可互换。
③It
was
so
lovely
a
day
that
we
decided
to
go
outing.
＝It
was
such
a
lovely
day
that
we
decided
to
go
outing.
天气太好了，我们决定去郊游。
(教材P40)Once
I
caught
him
and
a
friend
seeing
who
could
spit
the
furthest
off
the
school
stage!
有一次我当场抓到他与一个朋友比赛谁从学校舞台上吐口水吐得最远！
【要点提炼】
句中catch
sb.doing
sth.意为“发现/撞见某人正在做某事”，动词?ing形式在其中作宾语补足语。也可以放在感觉或心理状态的动词后作宾语补足语，常见的动词及短语有hear，feel，listen
to，notice，observe，smell，watch等。
①You
wouldn't
catch
me
working
on
Sunday!
你绝对不会看到我在星期天工作！
②The
joke
set
everybody
laughing.
这个笑话让每个人大笑。
③The
teacher
caught
him
cheating(cheat)
in
the
exam.
老师抓住他在考试中作弊。
④He
saw
some
birds
flying(fly)into
the
woods.
他看见一些鸟正飞进树林中。
突破(六)——虚拟语气(Ⅱ)
语
境
自
主
领
悟
先观察原句
后自主感悟
①Now
I
wish
I'd
done
more
work，especially
in
maths.②I
shouldn't
have
been
so
difficult
at
school.③Sometimes
I
wish
I
could
phone
him
and
ask
for
his
opinion！
1.wish后常接宾语从句，从句一般用虚拟语气，表示一种不可能实现的愿望。2.如果从句表示与现在事实情况相反，则谓语动词用过去时，be
的形式用were，但在单数人称中也可用was；与过去事实情况相反，则谓语动词用过去完成时。
一、虚拟语气在wish后的宾语从句中的应用
动词wish后的宾语从句中，如果表示与事实相反或不大可能实现的愿望，谓语动词须用虚拟语气。
1．对将来发生的事情表示祝愿或愿望时，宾语从句的谓语用“would/could/might＋动词原形”。
I
wish
he
would
try
again.
我真希望他能再试一次。
I
wish
I
could
be
of
some
help.
我真希望自己能帮点忙。
2．表示与现在事实相反的愿望时，宾语从句的谓语用一般过去时或过去进行时。
I
wish
I
knew
how
to
operate
the
new
computer.
我真希望我知道如何操作这台新电脑。
I
wish
I
weren't
going
to
Paris.
但愿我不用去巴黎。
3．对过去发生的事情表示遗憾或后悔时，宾语从句的谓语用过去完成时或“could/would
have
done”的形式。
I
wish
you
had
come
to
our
New
Year's
party.
我真希望你来参加我们的新年聚会了。
[即时演练1] 单句语法填空
①How
I
wish
I
knew(know)
how
to
go
to
the
library.
②It's
too
cold.I
wish
it
would
become(become)
sunny
this
afternoon.
③Linda
failed
the
final
exam.She
wishes
she
had
worked(work)
harder.
二、should(not)have
done
本(不)该做某事
1．“should
＋
have
done”表示过去应该做某事却没有做，常含有后悔、责备、埋怨的口气，常译作“本应当……”“应当……就好了”。“shouldn't＋have
done”表示过去不该做某事却做了，也常含有责备、不满的意思，常译为“本不应该……”。
With
all
the
work
finished，I
should
have
gone
to
the
party
last
night.
昨天晚上当所有的工作完成之后，我本来应该去参加聚会的。
You
should
not
have
gone
back
to
work
yesterday
without
the
doctor's
permission.
你昨天没有得到医生的允许，本不应该回去工作的。
We
shouldn't
have
spent
our
money
examining
so
many
people，most
of
whom
are
healthy.
我们本不该花钱去检查那么多人，他们大多数都很健康。
2．“should＋动词原形”表示猜测，表示“可能，该，估计，按理应当”等意义。
They
should
be
there
by
now，I
think.
我想现在他们该到那儿了。
So
far
as
I
know
you
shouldn't
have
any
problems
there.
据我所知，你们在那儿不应该有什么麻烦。
[即时演练2] 单句语法填空
①He
requested
that
he
(should)get(get)
more
help
from
us.
②It
was
suggested
that
we
(should)
put(put)
an
end
to
the
project.
③We
were
surprised
that
he
should
work(work)
out
such
a
difficult
problem
in
such
a
short
time.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．How
I
wish
I
remembered(remember)
your
address
and
telephone
number!
2．The
officer
ordered
that
all
men
(should)
leave(leave)
at
once.
3．I
wish
I
had
told(tell)
him
the
way
to
the
supermarket.
4．I
remember
it
clearly
as
if
it
had
happened(happen)
yesterday.
5．They
suggested
that
the
meeting
(should)be
put(put)
off
till
next
week.
6．They
should
have
arrived(arrive)
at
lunchtime
but
their
flight
was
delayed.
7．I
shouldn't
have
seen(see)
that
movie—it'll
give
me
horrible
dreams.
8．If
I
had
followed
his
advice
yesterday，I
would
succeed
(succeed)now.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．Tony
wished
his
mother
bought
him
a
bike
for
his
birthday.bought前加had
2．We
wish
we
arrived
there
two
hours
earlier.arrived前加had
3．We
wish
we
paid
more
attention
to
our
pronunciation.paid前加had
4．I
wish
I
know
the
answer
to
the
question.know→knew
5．I
wish
you
called
earlier.called前加had
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The
man
set
off
the
body
bomb
in
the
market.
2．Only
a
few
people
have
access
to
the
full
facts
of
the
case.
3．Owing
to
lack
of
time，we
cannot
do
more
than
what
we
have
done.
4．I
often
reflect
on/upon
the
beauty
and
complexity
of
life.
5．I
caught
her
smoking
(smoke)
in
the
bathroom.
6．To
a
certain
extent
what
she
argues
is
true.
7．I
was
sent
to
bed
as
a
punishment
(punish)．
8．He's
a
bright
kid
and
eager
to
learn
(learn)．
9．It's
generally
believed
that
hard
work
contributes
to
good
results.
10．It's
worthwhile
watching/to
watch
(watch)
a
movie
like
this.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．公共汽车抛锚了，因此我们必须步行。
The
bus
broke
down，so
that
we
had
to
walk.
2．如果你坚持要求涨工资，那么除了辞退你我别无选择。
If
you
insist
on
your
demand
for
a
pay
rise，I
shall
have
no
alternative
but
to
dismiss
you.
3．做这个试验证明是值得的。
It
proved
worthwhile
to
do
the
experiment.
4．我们选她作为我们的代表去参加会议。
We
selected
her
to
represent
us
to
attend
the
conference.
5．孩子们的智力发育必须与他们的体格发育齐头并进。
Children's
mental
development
must
keep
pace
with
the
growth
of
their
body.
PAGEUnit
15
Learning
Section
Ⅴ Reading
(Ⅲ)
(Lesson
4
&
Communication
Workshop)
Ⅰ.匹配下列单词的词性及汉语意思
( )1.acquire
A．adj.值得的
( )2.worthy
B．vt.力劝，强烈要求
( )3.defence
C．v.启发；鼓舞
( )4.ignore
D．adj.有用的，有益的
( )5.assumption
E．vt.(使)适应
( )6.urge
F．adj.极其重要的
( )7.inspire
G．vt.忽视，不顾
( )8.vital
H．n.保卫，保护
( )9.beneficial
I．vt.获得，得到
( )10.adapt
J．n.假定，假设
[答案] 1－5 IAHGJ 6－10 BCFDE
Ⅱ.选择下列句中相应词组的汉语意思
( )1.Conditions
here
are
not
what
she
is
accustomed
to.
( )2.These
foreigners
have
put
forward
a
proposal
for
a
joint
venture.
( )3.We
can't
approve
of
this
sort
of
thing.
( )4.His
novels
tend
to
be
very
boring.
( )5.As
a
whole,
our
efforts
did
not
prove
to
be
futile.
[答案] 1－5 DBECA
(教师用书独具)
“Who
questions
much，shall
learn
much，and
remember
much.”—Francis
Bacon
(1561－1626)
It
seems
obvious
now
how
we
acquire
knowledge
and
understanding①.
To
start
with，you
need
questions.Then，to
find
answers，you
observe
the
world
around
you
and
study
the
facts.After
that
you
consider
possible
answers
and
test
each
to
find
the
right
ones.Although
today
we
are
more
accustomed
to
typing
a
few
key
words
into
a
search
engine
and
waiting
for
the
Internet
to
spit
the
answer
out
for
us，modern
scientists
and
thinkers
are
still
solving
the
world's
problems
with
this
type
of
analysis—luckily
for
us.
However，in
the
17th
century
when
Francis
Bacon
suggested
that
this
type
of
thinking
was
the
way
to
gain
knowledge②，
he
was
going
against
the
views
of
the
day.Bacon
held
an
important
rank
under
King
James
(1566－1625)
of
England
but
his
true
interest
was
not
the
day
to
day
bureaucratic
details
of
the
government，but
the
worthy
search
for
knowledge.This
was
certainly
not
the
interest
of
most
people
in
his
day.At
that
time，people
believed
more
in
religion
than
in
facts
and
people
like
Galileo
Galilei
(1564－1642)，who
proved
scientific
ideas
such
as
“the
Earth
is
not
the
centre
of
the
universe”，were
often
punished
by
the
church
with
no
one
coming
to
their
defence.The
church
and
many
people
tended
to
ignore
the
facts
and
were
unwilling
to
challenge
what
they
had
always
comfortably
believed③.They
preferred
to
make
assumptions
about
the
world
based
on
the
experience
of
others.In
fact，when
Galilei
proved
that
the
Earth
was
not
the
centre
of
the
universe，instead
of
believing
him，people
chose
to
believe
views
that
were
almost
2000
years
old！
“勤于提问的人学到更多，并且记忆更多。”——弗兰西斯·培根
(1561－1626)
我们如何获取知识以及如何理解现在似乎很显而易见。首先，你需要问题。然后为了找到答案你观察自己周围的世界，并且研究事实之后你考虑可能的答案，并且加以测试来找出正确的答案。尽管我们现在更习惯于在搜索引擎敲进几个关键词，等待互联网吐出答案，现代的科学家和思想家们仍然在用这种分析方法来解决世界的问题对我们来说很幸运。
然而，在17世纪，当弗兰西斯·培根提出这种思考方式是获取知识的方式时，他背离了当时的观念。在英国詹姆士(1566－1625)统治时期，培根是一位身居要职的官员，但是他真正的兴趣不是政府每日的繁文缛节，而是对知识的不断追求。这当然不是他那个时代大多数诗人的兴趣。那时人们更愿意相信宗教，而不是事实。伽利略(1564－1642)这样证明了例如地球不是宇宙的中心等科学观点的人常常受教会惩罚。教会和许多人经常忽略事实，不愿意去挑战他们一直坚信的一切，他们宁愿以前人的经验为依据对世界做出假设。事实上，当伽利略证实地球不是宇宙的中心时，人们不相信他的话，却要相信几乎是两千年以前的观点。
[助读讲解] ①it作形式主语，真正的主语是how引导的从句。
②when引导定语从句，修饰先行词the
17th
century；that引导宾语从句。
③what引导从句作challenge的宾语。
It
is
not
surprising
that
people
wanted
to
believe
these
ancient
views
as
they
had
been
put
forward
by
the
great
philosopher
Aristotle
(384－322
BC)④.He
said
that
the
Earth
must
be
the
centre
of
the
universe
because
it
felt
like
the
Earth
was
standing
still.Galilei
disagreed.At
first，people
approved
of
his
studies
and
urged
him
to
continue，but
later
when
he
proved
Aristotle
wrong，they
grew
angry
and
put
him
in
prison.They
didn't
want
to
challenge
what
they'd
always
thought
was
true.
This
also
shows
how
people
didn't
want
to
search
for
their
own
understanding
or
educate
themselves.And
this
is
still
often
true
today.People
feel
that
if
someone
important
and
respected
says
that
something
is
right，then
it
must
be
so.But
even
though
Aristotle
was
a
great
man
who
inspired
many
great
scientists
and
philosophers
after
him，he
was
wrong
at
times⑤.
And
Galilei
too
made
mistakes.He
is
now
known
as
the
father
of
astronomy
but
he
believed
that
the
earth
moved
round
the
sun
in
a
perfect
circle.He
was
wrong.Therefore
our
understanding
of
the
world
around
us
is
constantly
growing
and
changing.In
other
words⑥，we
learn
more
every
day
and
none
of
us
can
ever
sit
back
and
say，“We
know
it
all”．
因为这些观点是伟大的哲学家亚里士多德(384－322
BC)提出来的，人们愿意相信这些古老的见解这也不足为奇。亚里士多德认为地球是宇宙的中心，因为从感觉上来讲地球是静止不动的。伽利略不同意这种说法。起初，人们赞同他的研究并鼓励他继续进行，但是当他证实亚里士多德的观点是错误的时候，他们就生气了，把他关进了监狱。他们不愿意挑战他们向来认为是正确的东西。
从这一点可以看出，人们是多么不愿意追求自己对事物的理解或自己教育自己。在今天，这仍然是事实。人们认为，如果某位重要的和受尊敬的人说某事是正确的，那一定是正确的。但是即使是亚里士多德这样一位鼓舞了许多后继的科学家和哲学家的伟大人物，有时也会犯错误。伽利略也犯过错误。虽然他当时以天文学之父而闻名，但是他认为地球以一个精确的圆圈围绕太阳而转动。这是不正确的。因此，我们对周围世界的理解是不断的发展和变化的。换句话说，我们每天都在学习更多的东西，谁也不能悠闲地说：“我们都知道。”
[助读讲解] ④It是形式主语，that引导的从句是真正的主语；本句中as引导原因状语从句。
⑤even
though引导让步状语从句；who引导定语从句修饰先行词a
great
man。
⑥in
other
words换句话说。
We
need
to
thank
the
great
men
of
the
past
for
the
wisdom
to
know
that
we
don't
know
it
all
and
probably
never
will，for
that
would
mean
a
world
without
questions⑦.So
much
of
our
knowledge
and
understanding
of
the
world
today
is
due
to
people
like
Bacon
and
Galilei，who
were
brave
enough
to
step
out
from
the
shadows
of
conventional
thought
in
order
to
find
the
kingdom
of
knowledge
that
today's
civilisation
is
built
upon.These
men
knew
that
knowledge
and
understanding
are
things
to
fight
for⑧；
more
vital
to
a
man，and
more
beneficial
to
mankind，some
might
say，than
all
the
money
in
the
world.
“All
truths
are
easy
to
understand
once
they
are
discovered;
the
point
is
to
discover
them.”—Galileo
Galilei
(1564－1642)
我们要感谢历史上伟人的才智，它让我们懂得，我们不是什么都懂，也许我们永远有不懂的地方，因为那将意味着世界上没有问题了。我们今天对世界拥有这么多的知识和理解，是因为有培根和伽利略这样的人，为了发现建造今天文明的知识王国，他们勇敢地从传统思想的阴影中走出。他们懂得获得知识和理解是要奋斗的。有人说，对个人或人类来说，它比世界上所有的金钱都重要，都有益。
“所有的真理一旦被发现都很容易理解：问题是要去发现它们。”
——伽利略(1564－1642)
[助读讲解] ⑦for是并列连词，表示原因。
⑧fight
for为……而战
第一步 速读——了解文章主题和段落大意
速读P42－43教材课文，匹配段落大意
1．Para.1
A．People
thanked
the
great
man
who
study
in
a
scientific
way.
2．Para.2
B．The
writer's
suggestions
of
understanding
things.
3．Paras.3－4
C．People
believed
in
religion
in
ancient
times.
4．Para.5
D．People
believed
in
what
someone
important
and
respected
said.
[答案] 1－4 BCDA
第二步 细读——把控文章关键信息
细读P42－43教材课文，选择最佳答案
1．What
is
the
first
step
to
acquire
knowledge
and
understanding?
A．To
find
answers.
B．To
study
the
facts.
C．To
test
answers.
D．To
put
forward
questions.
2．Who
solve/solved
problems
by
thinking
and
analyzing
according
to
the
passage?
A．People
nowadays.
B．People
in
the
17th
century.
C．Modern
scientists
and
thinkers.
D．The
great
philosopher
Aristotle.
3．People
in
the
17th
century
didn't
believe
Galileo
Galilei
because
.
A．they
believed
more
in
religion
B．the
Earth
was
standing
still
C．Bacon
put
forward
the
view
that
the
Earth
must
be
the
center
of
the
universe
D．Galilei
couldn't
prove
his
view
that
the
Earth
was
not
the
center
of
the
universe
4．What's
the
aim
of
the
writer
when
Aristotle
and
Galilei
are
referred
to
in
the
fourth
paragraph?
A．Aristotle
was
wrong.
B．It's
unbelievable
for
great
men
to
be
wrong.
C．Galilei
was
wrong.
D．Everyone
can
be
wrong
at
times.
5．What's
the
main
idea
of
the
sentence
“All
truths
are
easy
to
understand
once
they
are
discovered;
the
point
is
to
discover
them”？
A．All
truths
are
easy
to
discover.
B．It's
most
important
to
discover
truths.
C．It's
more
important
to
understand
truths
than
to
discover
them.
D．If
we
want
to
discover
truths，we
should
first
understand
them.
[答案] 1－5 DCADB
第三步 研读——能力升华 接轨高考
根据P42－43教材课文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
“Who
1.questions(question)
much，shall
learn
much，and
remember
much.”
said
Francis
Bacon.Now
2.it
seems
obvious
how
we
acquire
knowledge
and
understanding.However，in
the
17th
century，people
3.believed(believe)
more
in
religion
than
in
facts.People
with
4.scientific(science)
new
ideas
may
be
punished
by
the
church.
As
a
result，people
tended
to
ignore
the
facts
and
5.were
unwilling(willing)
to
challenge
what
they
had
believed.Till
today，people
still
feel
6.that
if
someone
important
and
respected
says
that
something
is
right，then
it
must
be
so.7.But
sometimes
great
men
such
as
Aristotle
and
Galilei
might
make
mistakes.Therefore
our
8.understanding(understand)
of
the
world
around
us
is
constantly
growing
and
changing.In
other
words，we
learn
9.more
(much)every
day
and
none
of
us
can
simply
say，“We
know
it
all”．
“All
truths
are
easy
to
understand
once
they
are
10.discovered(discover);
the
point
is
to
discover
them.”
said
Galileo
Galilei.
PAGEUnit
15
Learning
Section
Ⅶ Writing——发言稿
[文体指导]
1．发言稿的格式。发言稿的格式与书信有点类似，可以由称呼语、正文、结束语和签名(也可以不写签名)构成。称呼一般以Dear...开头，有时也可不用称呼，直接写正文。
2．发言稿的结构。我们一般可以开门见山地提出要谈的问题及对问题的看法，然后说明理由，最后照应开头对全文作简明扼要的总结。在汇报经验、情况等的发言中，要注意对情况的叙述、介绍、自己的体会或者收获等做系统总结，内容要完整，不要遗漏要点。
[亮点句式]
1．I
strongly
suggest
that...我强烈建议……
2．It
is
absolutely
vital
that...……是至关重要的
3．come
to
realize...开始意识到……
4．be
beneficial/helpful
to...对……有益/有用
5．be
of
vital
importance是至关重要的
6．be
important/of
great
importance是重要的
7．attach
great
importance
to...重视……
8．be
of
great
significance
(to/for)
(对……)有重大意义
9．focus
more
on更加关注
10．play
an
important
role/part
in(在……中)
起着重要作用
11．draw
the
conclusion
that...得出结论……
12．for
example/for
instance/like/such
as例如
13．It's
my
great
honor
to
be
here.很荣幸来到这里。
14．First，I'd
like
to
talk
about...首先，我想谈谈关于……
[写作任务]
假如你们班将进行“大学毕业后留在大城市还是小城镇”的讨论。
请你用英语写一篇发言稿，发表你的看法，内容包括：
请提出主张：应该回小城镇工作
陈述理由：(1)小城镇污染少，空气清新，水源干净；
(2)与喧闹的大城市比起来，小城镇环境安静；
(3)小城镇自然景色优美，较市中心更宜居住。
得出结论：居住在小城镇健康长寿，年轻人应该回小城镇工作。
[审题谋篇]
体裁
发言稿
时态
一般现在时为主
主题
毕业选择
人称
第三人称为主
结构
第一段：说明留在小城镇的优势；第二段：得出结论。
[遣词造句]
Ⅰ.对接单元词汇
1．benefit
益处
2．compare
with
同……比较
3．be
suitable
to
更适合……
4．draw
a
conclusion
得出结论
5．provide
with
提供……
Ⅱ.巧用单元句式、语法
(一)完成句子
1．住在小城镇和大城市都有其位置优势。
Living
in
a
small
town
and
living
in
a
large
city
both
present
benefits
of
their
location.
2．大学毕业后我更喜欢在小城镇工作。
I
personally
prefer
to
work
in
a
small
town
after
graduating
from
college.
3．同喧闹的大城市比较，小城镇更能给我们提供安静的环境。
Compared
with
the
noisy
big
cities，a
small
town
can
provide
us
with
a
quiet
environment.
(二)句式升级
4．There
is
less
pollution
in
a
small
town.I
can
breathe
clean
air
and
drink
clean
water.(改成并列句)
There
is
less
pollution
in
a
small
town，and
therefore
I
can
breathe
clean
air
and
drink
clean
water.
5．We
can
safely
draw
a
conclusion.Living
in
a
small
town
makes
it
possible
for
us
to
live
a
long
and
healthy
life.(用名词性从句合并句子)
We
can
safely
draw
a
conclusion
that
living
in
a
small
town
makes
it
possible
for
us
to
live
a
long
and
healthy
life.
[妙笔成篇]
【参考范文】
Boys
and
girls，
Living
in
a
small
town
and
living
in
a
large
city
both
present
benefits
of
their
location.However，I
personally
prefer
to
work
in
a
small
town
after
graduating
from
college.First
of
all，there
is
less
pollution
in
a
small
town，and
therefore
I
can
breathe
clean
air
and
drink
clean
water.Secondly，compared
with
the
noisy
big
cities，a
small
town
can
provide
us
with
a
quiet
environment.Last
but
not
least，with
beautiful
natural
scenery，small
towns
are
much
more
suitable
to
live
in
than
urban
centers.
From
what
has
been
mentioned
above，we
can
safely
draw
a
conclusion
that
living
in
a
small
town
makes
it
possible
for
us
to
live
a
long
and
healthy
life.Therefore，I
call
on
young
people
to
choose
their
jobs
in
a
small
town.
PAGEUnit
15
Learning
[导读] 《魔法师的外甥》(The
Magician's
Nephew
)，英国作家C.S.路易斯，于1950年代所著《纳尼亚传奇》系列奇幻儿童文学小说第一部。
About
a
week
after
this
it
was
quite
certain
that
Digory's
Mother
was
getting
better.About
a
fortnight
later
she
was
able
to
sit
out
in
the
garden.And
a
month
later
that
whole
house
had
become
a
different
place.Aunt
Letty
did
everything
that
Mother
liked:
windows
were
opened，frowsy
curtains
were
drawn
back
to
brighten
up
the
rooms，there
were
new
flowers
everywhere，and
nicer
things
to
eat，and
the
old
piano
was
tuned
and
Mother
took
up
her
singing
again，and
had
such
games
with
Digory
and
Polly
that
Aunt
Letty
would
say
“I
declare，Mabel，you're
the
biggest
baby
of
the
three.”
When
things
go
wrong，you'll
find
they
usually
go
on
getting
worse
for
some
time;
but
when
things
once
start
going
right
they
often
go
on
getting
better
and
better.After
about
six
weeks
of
this
lovely
life
there
came
a
long
letter
from
Father
in
India，which
had
wonderful
news
in
it.Old
Great?Uncle
Kirke
had
died
and
this
meant，apparently，that
Father
was
now
very
rich.He
was
going
to
retire
and
come
home
from
India
forever
and
ever.And
the
great
big
house
in
the
country，which
Digory
had
heard
of
all
his
life
and
never
seen
would
now
be
their
home;
the
big
house
with
the
suits
of
armour，the
stables，the
kennels，the
river，the
park，the
hot?houses，the
vineries，the
woods，and
the
mountains
behind
it.So
that
Digory
felt
just
as
sure
as
you
that
they
were
all
going
to
live
happily
ever
after.But
perhaps
you
would
like
to
know
just
one
or
two
things
more.
Polly
and
Digory
were
always
great
friends
and
she
came
nearly
every
holidays
to
stay
with
them
at
their
beautiful
house
in
the
country;
and
that
was
where
she
learned
to
ride
and
swim
and
milk
and
bake
and
climb.
In
Narnia
the
Beasts
lived
in
great
peace
and
joy
and
neither
the
Witch
nor
any
other
enemy
came
to
trouble
that
pleasant
land
for
many
hundred
years.King
Frank
and
Queen
Helen
and
their
children
lived
happily
in
Narnia
and
their
second
son
became
King
of
Archenland.The
boys
married
nymphs
and
the
girls
married
woodgods
and
river?gods.The
lamp?post
which
the
Witch
had
planted
(without
knowing
it)
shone
day
and
night
in
the
Narnian
forest，so
that
the
place
where
it
grew
came
to
be
called
Lantern
Waste;
and
when，many
years
later，another
child
from
our
world
got
into
Narnia，on
a
snowy
night，she
found
the
light
still
burning.And
that
adventure
was，in
a
way，connected
with
the
ones
I
have
just
been
telling
you.
It
was
like
this.The
tree
which
sprang
from
the
Apple
that
Digory
planted
in
the
back
garden，lived
and
grew
into
a
fine
tree.Growing
in
the
soil
of
our
world，far
out
of
the
sound
of
Aslan's
voice
and
far
from
the
young
air
of
Narnia，it
did
not
bear
apples
that
would
revive
a
dying
woman
as
Digory's
Mother
had
been
revived，though
it
did
bear
apples
more
beautiful
than
any
others
in
England，and
they
were
extremely
good
for
you，though
not
fully
magical.But
inside
itself，in
the
very
sap
of
it，the
tree
(so
to
speak)
never
forgot
that
other
tree
in
Narnia
to
which
it
belonged.Sometimes
it
would
move
mysteriously
when
there
was
no
wind
blowing：I
think
that
when
this
happened
there
were
high
winds
in
Narnia
and
the
English
tree
quivered
because，at
that
moment，the
Narnia
tree
was
rocking
and
swaying
in
a
strong
south?western
gale.However，that
might
be，it
was
proved
later
that
there
was
still
magic
in
its
wood.For
when
Digory
was
quite
middle?aged
(and
he
was
a
famous
learned
man，a
professor，and
a
great
traveller
by
that
time)
and
the
Ketterleys'
old
house
belonged
to
him，there
was
a
great
storm
all
over
the
south
of
England
which
blew
the
tree
down.He
couldn't
bear
to
have
it
simply
chopped
up
for
firewood，so
he
had
part
of
the
timber
made
into
a
wardrobe，which
he
put
in
his
big
house
in
the
country.And
though
he
himself
did
not
discover
the
magic
properties
of
that
wardrobe，someone
else
did.That
was
the
beginning
of
all
the
comings
and
goings
between
Narnia
and
our
world，which
you
can
read
of
in
other
books.
When
Digory
and
his
people
went
to
live
in
the
big
country
house，they
took
Uncle
Andrew
to
live
with
them;
for
Digory's
Father
said，“We
must
try
to
keep
the
old
fellow
out
of
mischief，and
it
isn't
fair
that
poor
Letty
should
have
him
always
on
her
hands.”
Uncle
Andrew
never
tried
any
Magic
again
as
long
as
he
lived.He
had
learned
his
lesson，and
in
his
old
age
he
became
a
nicer
and
less
selfish
old
man
than
he
had
ever
been
before.But
he
always
liked
to
get
visitors
alone
in
the
billiard?room
and
tell
them
stories
about
a
mysterious
lady，a
foreign
royalty，with
whom
he
had
driven
about
London.“A
devilish
temper
she
had，”
he
would
say.“But
she
was
a
dem
fine
woman，sir，a
dem
fine
woman.”
大约一周以后，迪格雷的妈妈明显越来越好。两周后，她便能坐在花园里了。过了一个月，整幢房子都变了样。凡是妈妈喜欢的事蕾蒂姨妈都做了：窗户打开了，脏窗帘拉开后房间里一片明亮，到处都有新采的鲜花和很好吃的东西。旧钢琴调好音后，妈妈又开始了歌唱，而且和迪格雷以及波莉在一起玩耍，连蕾蒂姨妈都说：“我敢说，玛贝尔，你是三个孩子中最大的一个。”
当事情不顺心时，你会发现在一段时间里会越变越糟，但当事情一旦开始好转，又常常是越来越好。这种好日子大约过了六周之后，在印度的爸爸写来一封长长的信，里面有很多惊人的好消息。老叔祖父柯克去世了，这当然意味着爸爸现在非常富有。他即将从印度退休回家，再也不走了。迪格雷一生下来就听说过但从未见过的那幢乡下大房子现在成了他们的家。大房子里有几套盔甲，有马厩、养狗场，有河流、公园、暖房、葡萄园和树林，后面还有山。所以，迪格雷和你们一样，十分肯定地认为他们今后将过上幸福生活。但也许你想知道另外一两件事情。
波莉和迪格雷一直是非常要好的朋友，几乎每个假期她都到乡下去，和他们一起住在那幢漂亮的房子里：她在那儿学会了骑马、游泳、挤奶、烤面包和爬山。
在纳尼亚，动物们非常快乐地生活在和平之中，几百年里，女巫和其他任何敌人都没来骚扰那片乐土。弗兰克国王与海伦王后以及他们的孩子也非常幸福地生活在纳尼亚。他们的第二个儿子当了阿钦兰的国王。儿子们娶了仙女，女儿们嫁了河神与树神。女巫栽下(她自己并不知道)的路灯柱日夜照耀在纳尼亚的森林里，它长大的那片地方被叫作灯柱野林。很多年后，另一个孩子在一个下雪的夜晚，从我们的世界走进纳尼亚，发现那盏灯依然亮着。那次历险在某种意义上与我刚刚告诉你们的故事紧密相连。
事情是这样的。迪格雷埋在后花园里的苹果核长成了一棵美丽的树。因为长在我们这个世界的土壤里，远离阿斯兰的声音和纳尼亚年轻的空气，虽然它的果实比英格兰其他所有苹果都要漂亮得多，而且对你极有益处，但却没有十足的魔力，也不会再像救活迪格雷的妈妈一样使一个垂死的妇女恢复生机。但是，就这棵果树的内在性质而言，在它的汁液之中，这棵树(就这样称它吧)仍然没有忘记它所属的在纳尼亚的那棵树。有时没有刮风，它也会神秘地摇动。我想，这个时候纳尼亚一定在刮大风；在英格兰的这棵树之所以战栗，是因为纳尼亚的母树在强劲的西南风中摇摆晃动。然而，以后证明了，这棵树的木材中仍然存在着魔法。当迪格雷到了中年(那时，他成了著名的学者、教授和大旅行家)，凯特利家的老房子也归他所有，英格兰南部的一场风暴吹倒了那棵树。他不忍心让人把它当柴烧了，便用一部分木料做了一个大衣柜，放在他乡下的大房子里。他自己虽然没有发现那衣柜的魔力，另一个人却发现了。那就是我们的世界和纳尼亚之间所有故事的开端，你可以在其他书里读到。
当迪格雷和他的家人搬往乡下的大房子时，他们把安德鲁舅舅带了过去，与他们一起生活；因为迪格雷的爸爸说：“我们必须阻止这老家伙再捣乱，可怜的蕾蒂始终要照看他，太不公平。”安德鲁舅舅此后再也没有试过任何魔法。他吸取了教训，到了晚年，不再像从前那么自私，变得比较可爱。但他总是喜欢在弹子房里单独会客，给他们讲一个神秘的外国王族女人的故事，说他曾经和她一起驾着马车在伦敦街上兜风。“她脾气很坏，”他爱说，“可她是一个漂亮的贵妇人，先生，一个漂亮的贵妇人。”
[知识积累]
1．take
up
从事
2．apparently
adv.
显而易见地
3．mysteriously
adv.
神秘地
4．chop
up
碎成小块
[文化链接]
《魔法师的外甥》——感悟
这部小说告诉我们，做人一定要善良，就连安德鲁舅舅也在晚年时改邪归正了，我们不能像贾迪丝一样自私又残忍。
PAGEUnit
15
Learning
Section
Ⅵ Language
Points(Ⅲ)(Lesson
4，Communication
Workshop，Culture
Corner
&Bulletin
Board)
Ⅰ.单词拼写
根据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列单词
1．I
have
now
developed
an
appreciation(欣赏)
of
poetry.
2．One
should
adapt(适应)
oneself
to
the
changed
conditions.
3．The
change
is
beneficial(有益的)
in
some
ways
but
not
in
others.
4．The
civilization(文明)
of
mankind
has
taken
thousands
of
years.
5．We're
trying
to
inspire(激励)
him
with
confidence.
6．We
don't
acquire
knowledge
from
reading
alone.
7．It
is
a
present
highly
worthy
of
their
attention.
8．The
forest
will
act
as
a
defense
against
desert
dust.
9．The
whole
theory
rests
on
a
wrong
assumption.
10．We
cannot
afford
to
ignore
the
lessons
of
the
past.
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．acquire
vt.获得，得到→acquisition
n．获得；所获之物；采集
2．religion
n．宗教→religious
adj.宗教的；虔诚的；严谨的；信奉宗教的
3．defend
v．防守；防护；辩护→defence
n．保卫，保护
4．willing
adj.情愿的，乐意的→unwilling
adj.不情愿的
5．urge
vt.力劝，强烈要求→urgent
adj.紧急的；急迫的→urgency
n．紧急(的事)
6．benefit
vt.有益于；得益→beneficial
adj.有用的，有益的
7．adapt
vt.(使)适应→adaptable
adj.能适应的→adaptation
n．改编；适应
8．appreciate
vt.欣赏；赏识；感激；领会；意识到→appreciation
n．欣赏
Ⅲ.补全短语
根据提示补全下列短语
1．be
accustomed/used
to
doing...
习惯于……
2．tend
to
往往会；倾向于
3．be
unwilling
to
do...
不乐意去做
4．as
a
whole
总的来说
5．put
forward
提出，提前
6．approve
of
同意，赞成
7．to
start
with
首先，开始
8．in
conclusion
最后，总而言之
9．as
well
as
除……之外，也，又，还
Ⅳ.选词填空
选用上述短语的适当形式填空
1．He
is
a
good
leader
in
deed
as
well
as
in
name.
2．Students
are
quickly
accustomed
to
the
college
life.
3．He
put
forward
a
plan
for
improving
the
rate
of
production.
4．We
understand
that
you
don't
approve
of
our
idea.
5．I
was
a
secretary
to
start
with，then
a
manager.
6．Prices
tend
to
rise
at
this
time
of
year.
[寻规律、巧记忆]
n.＋?ous→adj.
as＋adj./adv.＋as
→复合短语
dangerous危险的mountainous多山的courageous勇敢的
as
long
as只要；和……一样长as
far
as就……而言；远到as
good
as和……几乎一样
背教材原句
记句式结构
仿写促落实
1.It
is
not
surprising
that
people
wanted
to
believe
these
ancient
views
as
they
had
been
put
forward
by
the
great
philosopher
Aristotle(384—322
BC).因为这些观点是伟大的哲学家亚里士多德(384—322
BC)提出来的，人们愿意相信这些古老的观点，这也不足为奇。
It
is＋adj.＋that...
那样的人竟当选真是令人惊讶。It
is
surprising
that
a
man
like
that
was
elected.
2.Why
did
Aristotle
assume
that
the
sun
moved
around
the
Earth？为什么亚里士多德认为太阳绕着地球转？
assume
that...
我们以为你已经收到了包裹。We
assume
that
you
have
received
the
package.
3.To
us
she
is
not
only
a
teacher，but
also
a
good
friend
and
a
loving
elder
sister.对于我们，她不仅是老师，还是好朋友和可爱的大姐姐。
not
only...but
also...
她不仅很会演奏，而且还会作曲。She
not
only
plays
well，but
also
writes
music.
be
accustomed
to习惯于
(教材P42)Although
today
we
are
more
accustomed
to
typing
a
few
key
words
into
a
search
engine
and
waiting
for
the
Internet
to
spit
the
answer
out
for
us...
尽管我们现在更习惯于在搜索引擎敲进几个关键词，等待互联网吐出答案……
be/get(become/grow)accustomed
to
对……(变得)习惯了；习惯于……
accustomed
adj.
通常的；习惯的
accustom
vt.
使习惯
accustom
sb./oneself
to...
使某人/自己习惯于……
①It
is
important
that
children
become
accustomed
to
communicating
with
their
parents.
子女养成和父母沟通的习惯是非常重要的。
②You'll
soon
get
accustomed
to
walking(walk)
long
distances.
你会很快习惯长距离步行。
③He
quickly
accustomed
himself(him)
to
the
new
life.
他很快地适应了新生活。
[名师点津]
短语be
accustomed
to中的to为介词，所以后接名词、代词或动词的?ing形式。
(教材P42)The
church
and
many
people
tended
to
ignore
the
facts
and
were
unwilling
to
challenge
what
they
had
always
comfortably
believed.
教会和许多人经常忽视事实，不愿意去挑战他们一直坚信的一切。
(1)tend
to
往往会，倾向于
(1)tend
vt.(＝take
care
of/look
after)
照管；护理
tend
to
do
sth.
有做某事的倾向；有做某事的趋势
tend
to/towards
sth.
朝某方向
(2)tendency
n.
倾向；趋势
have
a
tendency
to
do
sth.
有做某事的倾向
①I
tend
to
go
to
bed
late
and
get
up
early
in
summer.
夏天我往往睡得晚起得早。
②The
sort
of
music
I
hear
varies，but
tends
to/towards
popular
music.
我所听的音乐种类很多，但是倾向于流行音乐。
③I
have
a
tendency(tend)
to
talk
too
much
when
I'm
nervous.
我紧张时总爱唠叨。
(2)ignore
vt.
忽视，不理会，不顾
(1)ignorant
adj.
(对某事物)不了解的；无知的
be
ignorant
of/about
sth.
不知道/没有意识到某事
(2)ignorance
n.
无知；愚昧；不知道
be
in
ignorance
of/about
sth.
不知道某事
①I
said
hello
to
her，but
she
ignored
me
completely.
我向她打招呼，可是她根本不理我。
②To
say
you
were
ignorant
of
the
rules
is
no
excuse.
说自己不知道规则是不能成为借口的。
③If
he
did
wrong，it
was
only
through
ignorance(ignore)．
要是他做错了，那也只是出于无知。
(教材P42)At
first，people
approved
of
his
studies
and
urged
him
to
continue，but
later
when
he
proved
Aristotle
wrong，they
grew
angry
and
put
him
in
prison.
起初，人们赞同他的研究并鼓励他继续进行，但是当他证实亚里士多德的观点是错误的时候，他们就生气了，把他关进了监狱。
(1)
approve
of赞成，赞许
(1)approve
vt.
批准
(2)approving
adj.
赞成的，同意的
(3)approval
n.
赞成，同意；批准，认可
in
approval
同意(常作状语)
give
one's
approval
to
批准
win
one's
approval
得到某人的赞同
①The
city
council
approved
the
building
plan.
市议会批准了这项建筑计划。
②His
parents
approved
of
his
trying(try)
to
make
some
money，but
asked
him
not
to
neglect
his
studies.
他的父母赞成他设法赚些钱，但叫他不要荒废了学业。
③She
gave
her
approval(approve)
to
the
scheme
but
not
without
several
qualifications.
她批准了这项计划，但附加了几项意见。
(2)
urge
vt.
敦促；鼓励；极力主张；力劝，强烈要求
n．强烈的愿望
urge
sb.to
do
催促/怂恿某人去做
urge
that
sb.(should)
do
力劝某人做……
It
is
urged
that
强烈要求
urge
sth.on/upon
sb.＝urge
on
sb.sth.
向某人强调某事
have
an
urge
to
do
sth.
迫切想做某事
urgent
adj.
紧迫的，紧急的
urgency
n.
紧迫，紧急
①They
urged
us
to
go
at
once.他们催促我们马上去。
②My
friends
urged
that
I
(should)
apply
(apply)
for
the
job.
朋友力劝我申请那份工作。
③The
situation
is
dangerous，but
the
UN
is
urging
caution
on
it.
局势岌岌可危，但联合国力主谨慎行事。
④I
need
not
press
on
you
the
urgency(urge)
of
the
matter.
我用不着向你强调这事的紧迫性了。
inspire
v．启发；鼓舞，鼓励；给(某人)创作灵感
(教材P43)But
even
though
Aristotle
was
a
great
man
who
inspired
many
great
scientists
and
philosophers
after
him，he
was
wrong
at
times.
但是即使是亚里士多德这样一位鼓舞了许多后继的科学家和哲学家的伟大人物，有时也会犯错误。
inspire
sb.with
sth.
激励/鼓舞某人……
inspire
sb.to
do
sth.
激励某人做某事
inspiring
adj.
鼓舞人心的；激动的；启发灵感的
inspired
adj.
能力卓越的；借助于灵感创作的
inspiration
n.
灵感；鼓舞人心(的东西)
①The
beautiful
scenery
inspired
the
composer.
美丽的景色激发了作曲家的灵感。
②The
teacher
inspired
us
to
make(make)
greater
efforts.老师激励我们要更加努力。
③The
news
inspired
us
with
courage.
那消息给了我们勇气。
④Dreams
can
be
a
rich
source
of
inspiration(inspire)
for
an
artist.
梦境可以成为艺术家灵感的丰富源泉。
beneficial
adj.有用的，有益的
(教材P43)
These
men
knew
that
knowledge
and
understanding
are
things
to
fight
for;
more
vital
to
a
man，and
more
beneficial
to
mankind，some
might
say，than
all
the
money
in
the
world.
他们懂得获得知识和理解是要奋斗的。有人说，对个人或人类来说，它比世界上所有的金钱都重要，都有益。
(1)be
beneficial
to
对……有益
(2)benefit
v．有益于
n．好处；利益
be
of
benefit
to
对……有好处
for
the
benefit
of
为了……的利益
benefit
from/by
从……中受益
benefit
sb.
对某人有益
①I
hope
your
holiday
will
benefit
you.
我希望你的假期会对你有益。
②The
developing
and
progressing
of
China
are
beneficial
to
human
civilization.
中国的发展和进步有利于人类文明。
③The
money
is
to
be
used
for
the
benefit
of
the
poor.
该款项将用于救助贫困居民。
assume
vt.假定，假设；承担(责任)
(教材P43)Why
did
Aristotle
assume
that
the
sun
moved
around
the
Earth?
为什么亚里士多德认为太阳绕着地球转？
(1)assume＋n.＋(to
be)n./adj.
认为……是……
It
is
(generally)
assumed
that...
人们(普遍)认为……
(2)assumption
n.
假定，假设
make
assumptions
about...
假定……
on
the
assumption
that...
假定……
(3)assuming
(that)...＝supposing
(that)...
假定……
①I
assume
that
you
have
heard
the
news.
我想你已听到了这个消息。
②I
assume
him(to
be)
an
honest
man.
我认为他是个诚实的人。
③A
growing
number
of
studies
suggest
that
this
assumption(assume)
is
wrong.
越来越多的研究表明这个假设是错的。
④Assuming(assume)
that
it
is
true，what
should
we
do
now?
假定那是真的，我们现在该怎么办？
[名师点津]
在英语中，有些看上去是现在分词或过去分词的词，实际上却常用作介词或连词。与assuming类似的词还有：
①considering
prep.&conj.
鉴于，考虑到
②given
prep.
鉴于，考虑到
③including
prep.
包括，包含
④supposing
conj.
假设，假如
⑤provided/providing
conj.
假如，如果
⑥concerning
prep.
关于
appreciation
n．赏识，鉴赏，感激
(教材P45)However，there
would
also
be
some
new
optional
subjects，for
example，literary
appreciation，astronomy，biochemistry，etc.
然而，也会有一些新的选修课程，例如文学欣赏、天文学、生物化学等。
appreciate
v．
欣赏；赏识；感激
appreciate
sth.
欣赏/感激某事
appreciate
doing
sth.
感激做某事
appreciate
one's
doing
sth.
感激某人做某事
I
would
appreciate
it
if...
如果……，我将不胜感激
①That's
because
you
can't
appreciate
music.
那是因为你不能欣赏音乐。
②I
appreciate
that
you
have
come
here
so
early.
感谢你来得这么早。
③We
shall
appreciate
hearing(hear)
from
you
again.
能再次收到你的来信，我们将十分感激。
④I
would
appreciate
it
very
much
if
you
would
help
me
with
it.
如果你能帮助我，我会十分感激。
in
conclusion总之；最后
(教材P45)In
conclusion,
I
think
my
school
would
have
a
good
variety
of
activities—something
for
everyone.
总之，我认为我理想中的学校应该有大量的活动——适合大家的某些活动。
a
conclusion
下结论，得出结论
conclude
v.
结束，使终止
It
was
concluded
that...
结论是……
①The
famous
scientist
concluded
his
speech
with
some
amusing
remarks.
著名的科学家用一些有趣的话结束了他的演讲。
②We
all
came
to/arrived
at
the
conclusion
that
the
room
must
have
been
empty
at
that
time.
我们大家得到的结论是：那个房间当时一定是空着的。
③It
was
concluded
that
this
was
a
true
story.
结论是，这是一个真实的故事。
adapt
vt.使适应
(教材P123)For
a
start，it
would
be
hard
adapting
to
a
new
culture.
一开始，适应新的文化会有困难。
adapt
to
适应，适合
adapt...to...
使……适应或适合……
adapt...from...
根据……改编或改写
adapt...for...
改编或改作……之用
①It's
hard
to
adapt
this
novel
for
children.
要将这小说改编为适合小孩子读的程度很困难。
②These
flowers
are
well
adapted
to
the
harsh
winter.
这些花卉特别适应冬天的严寒气候。
③He
tried
to
adapt
himself(him)
to
the
new
life.
他尽力使自己适应这种新生活。
④The
author
is
going
to
adapt
his
play
for
television.
作者将把他的剧本改编成电视剧。
(教材P42)It
is
not
surprising
that
people
wanted
to
believe
these
ancient
views
as
they
had
been
put
forward
by
the
great
philosopher
Aristotle(384—322
BC)．
因为这些观点是伟大的哲学家亚里士多德(384—322
BC)提出来的，人们愿意相信这些古老的见解，这也不足为奇。
【要点提炼】
It
is＋adj.＋that...，在该句型中it是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句。用于该句型的常见形容词有：necessary，strange，clear，possible，natural，important，likely，obvious等。
(1)It＋be＋过去分词＋that...
常见的过去分词有：said，reported，believed，supposed，ordered，(well)known，suggested...
(2)It＋不及物动词＋that...
常见的不及物动词(短语)：seem，appear，happen，turn
out，occur
to...
(3)It＋be＋名词短语＋that...
常见的名词短语有：a
pity，a
fact，a
wonder，a
surprise，no
wonder...
①It
occurred
to
me
that
this
is
something
that
I
should
never
do.
我突然觉得这是一件我永远都不该做的事。
②It
is
a
pity
that
you
didn't
come
in
time.
很遗憾你没有及时到达。
③It
is
suggested
that
students
(should)
take(take)
more
exercise
if
possible.
建议学生们在可能的情况下多锻炼。
(教材P47)To
us
she
is
not
only
a
teacher，but
also
a
good
friend
and
a
loving
elder
sister.
对于我们，她不仅是老师，还是好朋友和可爱的大姐姐。
【要点提炼】
not
only...but
also...是一个并列连词词组，其意思基本等于“both...and...”，但侧重点放在“but
also”上。
(1)not
only与but
also后面所连接的词的词性必须对等。
(2)not
only只能连用，而but
also既可连用，也可分开用。not
only与but
also后面所连接的词作主语时，谓语动词遵循“就近一致原则”，谓语动词的数应与but
also后的名词的数保持一致。
(3)
not
only放在句首，后接句子要用部分倒装。
①Television
is
not
only
boring，but
it
wastes
a
lot
of
time
as
well.
电视不仅乏味，而且还浪费许多时间。
②Not
only
are
you
funny，but
also
you
are
witty.
你不仅风趣而且机智。
③Not
only
you
but
also
she
has(have)
to
attend
the
ceremony.
不仅你而且她也得参加典礼。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Not
only
the
students
but
also
the
teacher
was(be)
invited.
2．We
came
to
a
conclusion(conclude)
that
the
room
must
have
been
empty.
3．I
really
appreciate
your
coming(come)
to
pick
me
up.
4．The
children
found
it
hard
to
adapt
to
their
new
school.
5．I
didn't
see
your
car，so
I
assumed
that
you'd
gone
out.
6．The
current
situation
is
very
beneficial(benefit)
to
the
people.
7．Inspired(inspire)
by
the
sunny
weather，I
decided
to
explore
the
woods.
8．It
is
urgent(urge)
that
the
acute
problem
of
air
pollution
in
the
city
be
solved.
9．After
they
lived
in
the
north
for
some
time，they
got
accustomed
to
the
life
there.
10．We
are
in
complete
ignorance(ignore)
of
your
plans.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．This
TV
play
was
adapted
for
a
historical
novel.
for→from
2．I
would
appreciate
it
very
much
that
you
would
help
me.
that→if
3．Li
Ming
as
well
as
Liu
Hua
enjoy
English.
enjoy→enjoys
4．This
movie
is
not
only
interesting
but
also
moved.
moved→moving
5．If
you
don't
approve
the
idea，why
don't
you
speak
up？
approve后加of
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．如果你把窗户关上，我将十分感激。
I
would
appreciate
it
if
you
would
close
the
window.
2．这本书不但有用而且有趣。
This
book
is
not
only
useful
but
also
interesting.
3．在这两种意见之间抉择是困难的。
It
is
difficult
to
decide
between
the
two
opinions.
4．我相信大家都会从这个活动中获益良多。
I
am
sure
everyone
will
benefit
a
lot
from
this
activity.
5．有所需求时常常难于开口。
You
tend
to
have
trouble
asking
for
what
you
need.
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