上海交通大学附属中学2020-2021学年度第二学期
高二英语三月考试卷
第I卷
I.
Vocabulary
(10’)
Directions:
Complete
the
following
passage
by
using
the
words
in
the
box.
Each
word
can
only
be
used
once.
Note
that
there
is
one
word
more
than
you
need.
A.
commit
B.
confused
C.
fuel
D.
interacting
E.
genuine
F.
leapG.
poison
H.
setbacks
I.
stream
J.
upgrading
K.
unplug
With
so
many
investments
required
of
us
to
succeed
–
time,
resources,
talents,
responsibilities,
even
finances
for
our
retirement
–
it’s
easy
to
lose
sight
of
the
most
difficult
investment
of
all
to
____1____
to:
ourselves.
Getting
to
the
point
where
you’re
ready
to
start
___2___
to
you
2.0
isn’t
easy.
But
it
doesn’t
mean
dropping
the
ball
everywhere
else.
It's
not
about
omissions,
but
admissions.
Come
clean
with
yourself
to
kick-start
your
personal
growth.
Unstuck
starts
with
“u”
No
one
purposely
chooses
to
stop
learning
and
growing
again,
it
just
kind
of
happens
in
a
lot
of
daily
responsibilities
and
life.
And
if
it
were
easy
to
just
kick
it
into
gear
(挡位)
again,
you
would
have
already
done
it.
But
the
truth
is
inescapable.
If
you
want
to
get
off
that
place
to
higher
ground,
it’s
up
to
you
and
only
you.
No
one
will
just
hand
you
a
steady
___3___
of
opportunities
for
growth.
You’ve
been
working
in
your
life,
not
on
it
Activity
is
often
___4___
with
acceleration
(忙碌).
I
was
guilty
of
this
for
years
in
working
place
–
staying
always
busy
but
not
admitting
I
was
bored.
I
was
lost
in
activity
and
not
stepping
back
to
take
time
to
question
what
I
wanted
my
life
to
be.
Once
I
began
working
on
my
life
–
quitting
corporate,
becoming
an
entrepreneur,
restructuring
to
my
life
–
I
started
growing
once
again.
And
I’ve
never
been
happier.
Things
aren’t
happening
to
you,
they’re
happening
for
you
A
victim
mentality
(心态)
is
the
enemy
of
personal
growth.
Lamenting
over
everything
that
has
gone
wrong
in
your
life
only
wastes
energy
from
working
to
make
more
things
go
right.
If
you
want
to
kick-start
growth
you
must
view
___5___
as
having
a
purpose,
and
then
put
them
in
their
place.
The
past
shouldn’t
run
or
define
you
–
only
___6___
you.
The
perfect
time
to
start
doesn’t
exist
I
had
so
many
things
that
had
to
be
just
right
before
I
could
make
my
long-planned
___7___
from
corporate.
I’d
tell
myself,
“I’d
love
to
go
for
it
right
now,
but
practically
speaking.”
Well,
guess
what?
Practicality
is
___8___.
It’s
the
convenient
excuse
stopping
you
from
what
you’re
meant
to
become.
It’s
time
to
___9___
others’
opinions
Grow
where
you
want
to
grow.
Learn
what
you
want
to
learn.
Wherever
you
are
on
the
scale
of
what
you
want
to
learn
next
–
be
it
beginner
or
near-expert
own
it,
be
proud
of
it.
Pretences
are
for
pretenders.
You’re
just
trying
to
become
a
better
version
of
your
____10____
self.
II.
Reading
Comprehension
(30’+18’+6’)
Section
A
Directions:
For
each
blank
in
the
following
passage
there
are
four
words
or
phrases
marked
A,
B,
C
and
D.
Fill
in
each
blank
with
the
word
or
phrase
that
best
fits
the
context.
(A)
In
the
1960s,
African
American
mothers
noticed
something
wrong
in
their
children’s
seemingly
innocent
class
photos.
Every
year,
youngsters
tidied
up
in
their
Sunday
best
for
their
school
picture,
yet
these
treasured
images
didn’t
___11___
Black
and
White
children
equally.
White
children
were
rendered
(使成为)
as
they
look
in
everyday
life,
while
African
American
children
lost
___12___
of
their
faces
and
turned
into
ink
blots
(墨渍).
The
film
could
not
simultaneously
capture
both
dark
and
light
skin.
For
decades,
this
flaw
of
the
film
remained
out
of
___13___,
when
Black
boys
and
girls
and
white
boys
and
girls
were
photographed
separately.
But
with
the
integration
of
schools,
Black
mothers
___14___
that
color
film
left
their
Black
children
in
the
shadows.
In
2015,
two
London-based
photographers,
Adam
Broomberg
and
Oliver
Chanarin,
wanted
to
find
out
why
the
film
could
not
capture
the
___15___
of
children
of
all
races
in
a
school
photograph.
When
these
photographers
tested
the
film,
they
found
the
film
was
optimized
for
___16___
skin.
It
was
this
film’s
hidden
history
that
was
the
___17___
faces
in
a
class
photo
came
out
so
differently.
All
that
changed,
___18___,
when
large
corporations
made
a
fuss
about
Kodak’s
film,
which
they
bought
in
bulk
for
advertising.
A
team
of
two
unlikely
businesses
–
furniture
makers
and
chocolate
manufacturers
–
___19___
against
Kodak’s
films
for
discriminating
against
dark
hues.
Kodak
employees
worked
hard
to
fix
the
film,
making
new
film
formulations
and
testing
them
by
taking
photos.
While
the
complaints
from
Black
mothers
could
not
change
Kodak,
those
from
these
companies
could.
By
the
late
1970s,
new
-
and
more
___20___
-
formulations
of
color
film
were
in
the
works,
and
the
new
and
improved
Kodak
Gold
film
was
on
the
market
by
the
following
decade.
Technologies,
such
as
photographic
films,
sometimes
capture
the
beliefs
and
values
of
the
times.
This
bias
built
into
technology
has
___21___
today.
Today,
some
web
cameras,
following
instructions
from
algorithms
(算法),
are
unable
to
recognize
a
dark
face,
but
do
so
___22___
for
a
white
one.
What
the
makers
of
film
and
cameras
and
other
technologies
have
experienced
is
a
tacit
(心照不宣的)
subscription
to
a
belief
of
a
standard.
___23___,
they
have
gotten
on
the
escalator
of
“this
is
how
we
do
things”
without
asking
why.
Scholars
would
describe
this
type
of
bias
as
one
that
implicitly
(完全地)
and
___24___
accepts
norms.
But
it
isn’t
the
___25___
fault;
they
are
only
doing
what
the
lines
of
code
written
by
humans
tell
them
to
do.
These
devices
capture
the
biases
that
exist
in
our
world
and,
in
turn,
speak
to
whom
a
culture
values.
11.
A.
treat
B.
capture
C.
reflect
D.
divide
12.
A.
characters
B.
expressions
C.
features
D.
colors
13.
A.
fashion
B.
print
C.
range
D.
sight
14.
A.
recommended
B.
witnessed
C.
maintained
D.
urged
15.
A.
likeness
B.
frankness
C.
carelessness
D.
darkness
16.
A.
dark
B.
yellow
C.
white
D.
black
17.
A.
coincidence
B.
reason
C.
consequence
D.
result
18.
A.
therefore
B.
however
C.
furthermore
D.
meanwhile
19.
A.
guarded
B.
insured
C.
went
D.
protested
20.
A.
inclusive
B.
persuasive
C.
decisive
D.
offensive
21.
A.
echoes
B.
conclusions
C.
objections
D.
intentions
22.
A.
quickly
B.
equally
C.
easily
D.
similarly
23.
A.
As
a
result
B.
In
other
words
C.
For
example
D.
On
the
contrary
24.
A.
inconsistently
B.
unexpectedly
C.
inevitably
D.
uncritically
25.
A.
cameras’
B.
technologies’
C.
films’
D.
humans’
(B)
David
Dunning,
a
psychologist
at
Cornell
University,
and
Justin
Kruger,
his
graduate
student,
reason
that
while
almost
everyone
holds
favourable
views
of
their
abilities
in
various
social
and
intellectual
domains,
some
people
mistakenly
assess
their
abilities
as
being
much
higher
than
they
actually
are.
This
“illusion
of
___26___”
is
now
called
the
“Dunning-Kruger
effect”,
which
describes
the
cognitive
prejudice
to
increase
self-assessment.
To
___27___
this
phenomenon
in
the
lab,
Dunning
and
Kruger
designed
some
clever
experiments.
In
one
study,
they
asked
undergraduate
students
a
series
of
questions
about
grammar,
logic
and
jokes,
and
then
asked
each
student
to
estimate
his
or
her
score
overall,
as
well
as
their
relative
___28___
compared
to
the
other
students.
Interestingly,
students
who
scored
the
lowest
in
these
cognitive
tasks
always
___29___
how
well
they
did
–
by
a
lot.
Students
who
scored
in
the
___30___
one-fourth
estimated
that
they
had
performed
better
than
two-thirds
of
the
other
students!
This
“illusion
of
confidence”
___31___
beyond
the
classroom
and
spreads
through
everyday
life.
In
a
follow-up
study,
Dunning
and
Kruger
left
the
lab
and
went
to
a
gun
range,
where
they
quizzed
gun
hobbyists
about
gun
safety.
___32___
to
their
previous
findings,
those
who
answered
the
fewest
questions
correctly
wildly
overestimated
their
knowledge
about
firearms.
Outside
of
factual
knowledge,
___33___,
the
Dunning-Kruger
effect
can
also
be
observed
in
people’s
self-assessment
of
other
personal
abilities.
If
you
watch
any
talent
show
on
television
today,
you
will
see
the
___34___
on
the
faces
of
contestants
who
don’t
make
it
past
auditions
(海选)
and
are
___35___
by
the
judges.
While
it
is
almost
___36___
to
us,
these
people
are
genuinely
unaware
of
how
much
they
have
been
___37___
by
their
illusory
superiority.
Sure,
it’s
typical
for
people
to
overestimate
their
abilities.
One
study
found
that
80
per
cent
of
drivers
rate
themselves
as
above
average.
And
similar
___38___
have
been
found
when
people
rate
their
relative
popularity
and
cognitive
abilities.
The
problem
is
that
when
people
are
incompetent,
not
only
do
they
reach
wrong
conclusions
and
make
unfortunate
choices
but,
also,
they
are
___39___
of
the
ability
to
realize
their
mistakes.
Instead
of
being
confused,
perplexed
or
thoughtful
about
their
erroneous
ways,
incompetent
people
insist
that
their
ways
are
___40___.
As
Charles
Darwin
wrote
in
The
Descent
of
Man
(1871):
“Ignorance
more
frequently
begets
(产生)
confidence
than
does
knowledge.”
26.
A.
confidence
B.
happiness
C.
freedom
D.
reality
27.
A.
convince
B.
classify
C.
investigate
D.
summarize
28.
A.
reach
B.
range
C.
rate
D.
rank
29.
A.
defined
B.
overestimated
C.
overlooked
D.
doubted
30.
A.
top
B.
bottom
C.
former
D.
latter
31.
A.
overtakes
B.
renews
C.
extends
D.
evolves
32.
A.
Similar
B.
Contrary
C.
Parallel
D.
Opposite
33.
A.
though
B.
therefore
C.
meanwhile
D.
largely
34.
A.
calm
B.
guilt
C.
shock
D.
panic
35.
A.
selected
B.
favored
C.
restricted
D.
rejected
36.
A.
agreeable
B.
comical
C.
restless
D.
magical
37.
A.
misled
B.
taught
C.
tempted
D.
oriented
38.
A.
trends
B.
tricks
C.
strategies
D.
fashions
39.
A.
warned
B.
reminded
C.
robbed
D.
assured
40.
A.
wrong
B.
correct
C.
illusory
D.
popular
Section
B
Directions:
Read
the
following
four
passages.
Each
passage
is
followed
by
several
questions
or
unfinished
statements.
For
each
of
them
there
are
four
choices
marked
A,
B,
C
and
D.
Choose
the
one
that
fits
best
according
to
the
information
given
in
the
passage
you
have
just
read.
(A)
Two
hours
from
the
tall
buildings
of
Philadelphia
live
some
of
the
world’s
largest
bears.
They
are
in
northern
Pennsylvania’s
Pocono
Mountains,
a
home
they
share
with
an
abundance
(丰富)
of
other
wildlife.
The
streams,
lakes,
grasslands,
mountain
and
forests
that
make
the
Poconos
an
ideal
place
for
black
bears
have
also
attracted
more
people
to
the
region.
Open
spaces
are
threatened
by
plans
for
housing
estates
and
important
habitats
are
endangered
by
highway
construction.
To
protect
the
Pocono’s
natural
beauty
from
irresponsible
development,
the
Nature
Conservancy
named
the
area
one
of
America’s
“Last
Great
Places”.
Operating
out
of
a
century-old
schoolhouse
in
the
village
of
Long
Pond,
Bud
Cook,
the
president
of
the
Conservancy,
is
working
with
local
people
and
business
leaders
to
balance
economic
growth
with
environmental
protection.
By
forming
partnerships
with
people
like
Francis
Altemose,
the
Conservancy
has
been
able
to
protect
more
than
14,000
acres
of
environmentally
important
land
in
the
area.
Altemose’s
family
has
farmed
in
the
Pocono
area
for
generations.
Two
years
ago,
Francis
worked
with
the
local
branch
of
the
Nature
Conservancy
to
include
his
farm
in
a
county
farmland
protection
program.
As
a
result,
his
family’s
land
can
be
protected
from
development
and
the
Altemoses
will
be
better
able
to
provide
a
secure
financial
future
for
their
7-year-old
grandson.
Cook
attributes
the
Conservancy’s
success
in
the
Poconos
to
having
a
local
presence
and
a
commitment
to
working
with
local
residents.
“The
key
to
protecting
these
remarkable
lands
is
connecting
with
the
local
community,”
Cook
said.
“The
people
who
live
here
respect
the
land.
They
value
quiet
forests,
clear
streams
and
abundant
wildlife.
They
are
eager
to
help
with
conservation
efforts.”
For
more
information
on
how
you
can
help
the
Nature
Conservancy
protect
the
Poconos
and
the
world’s
other
“Last
Great
Places,”
please
call
1-888-564
6864
or
visit
us
on
the
World
Wide
Web
at
www.tnc.org.
41.
The
purpose
in
naming
the
Poconos
as
one
of
America’s
“Last
Great
Places”
is
to
________.
A.
gain
support
from
the
local
community.
B.
protect
it
from
irresponsible
development.
C.
make
it
a
better
home
for
black
bears.
D.
provide
financial
security
for
future
generations.
42.
We
learn
from
the
passage
that
________.
A.
the
tourist
industry
is
growing
fast
and
has
great
influence
on
the
Pocono
area.
B.
wildlife
in
the
Pocono
area
is
dying
out
rapidly.
C.
the
security
of
the
Pocono
residents
is
being
threatened.
D.
farmlands
in
the
Pocono
area
are
shrinking
fast.
43.
What
does
Bud
Cook
mean
by
“having
a
local
presence”
in
Paragraph
5?
A.
Financial
contributions
from
local
business
leaders.
B.
Consideration
of
the
interests
of
the
local
residents.
C.
The
establishment
of
a
wildlife
protection
foundation
in
the
area.
D.
The
setting
up
of
a
local
Nature
Conservancy
branch
in
the
Pocono
area.
44.
What
is
important
in
protecting
the
Poconos
according
to
Cook?
A.
The
setting
up
of
an
environmental
protection
website.
B
Support
from
organizations
like
the
Nature
Conservancy.
C.
Cooperation
with
the
local
residents
and
business
leaders.
D.
Inclusion
of
farmlands
in
the
region’s
protection
program.
(B)
Life
was
easier
when
it
wasn’t
so
long:
learn
when
you’re
young,
work
while
you’re
able,
then
resign
yourself
to
a
slow
period
of
repose
-
and
decline.
But
in
the
past
century,
scientific
advancements
have
added
decades
to
the
average
human
life
span,
leaving
a
person’s
timeline
with
a
long,
often
aimless
tail.
Finding
rewarding
ways
to
fill
these
extra
years
-
particularly
in
ways
that
emphasize
social
ties
-
is
the
best
way
to
prolong
them,
research
is
finding.
“The
things
that
we
understand
now
to
be
important
for
healthy
longevity”
-
things
like
connecting
with
others,
a
positive
outlook,
making
peace
with
getting
older
-
“have
been
trivialized
over
the
years
by
some
scientists.
We
now
know
that
shouldn’t
be
the
case,”
says
Paul
Irving,
chairman
of
the
Center
for
the
Future
of
Aging
at
the
Milken
Institute,
a
think
tank
that
studies
older
age.
“One
of
the
great
opportunities
we
all
have
is
to
continue
that
search
for
meaning,
that
aspiration
to
do
our
most
enjoyable
and
important
work
later
in
our
lives.”
Here
are
other
strategies
that
may
help
you
make
the
most
of
your
extra
years.
EMBRACE
TECHNOLOGY
It’s
hard
to
beat
face
time,
but
FaceTime
(and
the
like)
can
also
help
older
adults
feel
less
alone,
research
shows.
“I
think
a
lot
of
work
can
be
done
to
make
the
existing
social
networks
more
accommodating
to
older
adults,”
Irving
says.
WELCOME
AGING
Your
feelings
about
getting
older
might
determine
how
well
you
age-and
even
how
well
your
brain
holds
up
against
Alzheimer’s.
A
team
of
researchers
at
Yale
University
found
that
when
people
who
thought
negatively
about
aging
were
simply
primed
to
view
it
in
a
better
light,
they
said
they
felt
more
positively
about
aging
and
even
showed
improvements
in
physical
strength.
SET
GOALS,
TAKE
RISKS
Plenty
of
research
links
a
sense
of
purpose
to
longevity.
But
how
do
people
search
for
a
purpose
if
they
don’t
have
one?
Take
an
online
course,
volunteer,
do
anything
new
that
challenges
you.
“The
assumption
that
you
should
only
do
one
thing
in
your
life,
to
me,
makes
no
sense,”
says
Irving.
EXPECT
THE
BEST
People
with
a
positive
outlook
recover
better
after
having
a
heart
attack
than
those
who
are
more
pessimistic,
a
recent
study
shows.
That’s
partly
because
a
hopeful
attitude
is
linked
to
other
healthy
behaviors,
like
quitting
smoking
and
maintaining
a
healthy
diet.
Optimism
is
also
linked
to
fewer
chronic
illnesses,
less
depression
and
even
a
stronger
immune
response
to
bugs
like
the
flu.
45.
What
does
Paul
Irving
mean
by
saying
“that
shouldn’t
be
the
case”
in
Paragraph
2?
A.
The
things
important
for
healthy
long
life
are
not
proved
scientifically.
B.
Healthy
longevity
is
not
an
appropriate
case
for
scientists
to
focus
on.
C.
It’s
improper
for
scientists
to
dismiss
the
things
important
for
longevity.
D
Emphasizing
social
ties
should
not
be
dismissed
by
those
scientists.
46.
Which
strategy
mentioned
in
the
article
can
help
fight
against
Alzheimer’s
disease?
A.
Embrace
technology.
B.
Welcome
aging.
C.
Set
goals,
take
risks.
D.
Expect
the
best.
47.
Which
of
the
following
statement
is
true
according
to
the
article?
A.
Doing
one
thing
well
in
life
makes
extra
years
in
life
meaningful.
B.
Technology
promotes
and
strengthens
old
people’s
social
network.
C.
Extra
years
should
not
be
spent
committing
to
enjoyable
work.
D.
A
positive
outlook
contributes
to
quicker
recovery
and
healthy
behaviors.
(C)
The
secret
to
eating
less
and
being
happy
about
it
may
have
been
cracked
years
ago—by
McDonald’s.
According
to
a
new
study
from
Cornell
University’s
Food
and
Brand
Lab,
small
non-food
rewards—like
the
toys
in
McDonald’s
Happy
Meals—stimulate
the
same
reward
centers
in
the
brain
as
food
does.
The
researchers,
led
by
Martin
Reimann,
carried
out
a
series
of
experiments
to
see
if
people
would
choose
a
smaller
meal
if
it
was
paired
with
a
non-food
item.
They
found
that
the
majority
of
both
kids
and
adults
opted
for
a
half-sized
portion
when
combined
with
a
prize.
Both
options
were
priced
the
same.
Even
more
interesting
is
that
the
promise
of
a
future
reward
was
enough
to
make
adults
choose
the
smaller
portion.
One
of
the
prizes
used
was
a
lottery
ticket（彩票）,
with
a
S10,
$50
or
$100
payout,
and
this
was
as
effective
as
a
tangible
gift
in
persuading
people
to
eat
less.
“The
fact
that
participants
were
willing
to
substitute
part
of
a
food
item
for
the
mere
prospect
of
a
relatively
small
monetary
award
is
interesting,”
says
Reimann.
He
theorizes
that
it
is
the
emotional
component
of
these
intangible
prizes
that
make
them
effective.
In
fact,
vaguely-stated
possibilities
of
winning
a
prize
were
more
effective
than
options
with
hard
odds
included.
“One
explanation
for
this
finding
is
that
possible
awards
may
be
more
emotionally
provoking
than
certainty
awards,”
says
Reimann.
“The
uncertainty
of
winning
provides
added
attraction
and
desirability
through
emotional
‘thrills.’
The
possibility
of
receiving
an
award
also
produces
a
state
of
hope—a
state
that
is
in
itself
psychologically
rewarding.”
In
other
words,
there’s
a
reason
why
people
like
to
gamble.
How
might
this
knowledge
be
used
to
help
people
eat
more
healthily?
One
possibility
is
a
healthy
option
that
offers
the
chance
to
win
a
spa（温泉疗养）weekend.
Or
maybe
the
reward
of
a
half-sized
portion
could
be
a
half-sized
dessert
to
be
claimed
only
on
a
future
date.
That
would
get
you
back
in
the
restaurant—and
make
you
eat
a
little
less.
48.
What
do
we
learn
about
McDonald’s
inclusion
of
toys
in
its
Happy
Meals?
A.
It
may
shed
light
on
people's
desire
to
crack
a
secret.
B.
It
has
proved
to
be
key
to
McDonald’s
business
success.
C.
It
appeals
to
kid’s
curiosity
to
find
out
what
is
hidden
inside.
D.
It
may
be
a
pleasant
way
for
kids
to
reduce
their
food
intake.
49.
What
is
the
finding
of
the
researchers
led
by
Martin
Reimann?
A.
Reducing
food
intake
is
not
that
difficult
if
people
go
to
McDonald’s
more.
B
Most
kids
and
adults
don’t
actually
feel
hungry
when
they
eat
half
of
their
meal.
C
Eating
a
smaller
portion
of
food
does
good
to
the
health
of
kids
and
adults
alike.
D.
Most
kids
and
adults
would
choose
a
smaller
meal
that
came
with
a
non-food
item.
50.
What
is
most
interesting
in
Martin
Reimann’s
finding?
A.
Kids
preferred
an
award
in
the
form
of
money
to
one
in
the
form
of
a
toy.
B.
Adults
chose
the
smaller
portion
on
the
mere
promise
of
a
future
award.
C.
Both
kids
and
adults
felt
satisfied
with
only
half
of
their
meal
portions.
D.
Neither
children
nor
adults
could
resist
the
temptation
of
a
free
toy.
51.
How
does
Martin
Reimann
interpret
his
finding?
A.
The
emotional
component
of
the
prizes
is
at
work.
B.
People
now
care
more
about
quality
than
quantity.
C.
People
prefer
certain
awards
to
possible
awards.
D.
The
desire
for
a
future
reward
is
overwhelming.
52.
What
can
we
infer
from
Martin
Reimann’s
finding?
A.
People
should
eat
much
less
if
they
wish
to
stay
healthy
and
happy.
B.
More
fast
food
restaurants
are
likely
to
follow
McDonald’s
example.
C.
We
can
lead
people
to
eat
less
while
helping
the
restaurant
business.
D.
More
studies
are
needed
to
find
out
the
impact
of
emotion
on
behavior.
Section
C
Directions:
Read
the
following
passage.
Fill
in
each
blank
with
a
proper
sentence
given
in
the
box.
Each
sentence
can
be
used
only
once.
Note
that
there
are
two
more
sentences
that
you
need.
Suppose
you
become
a
leader
in
an
organization.
It’s
very
likely
that
you’ll
want
to
have
volunteers
to
help
with
the
organization’s
activities.
_____53_____
Let’s
begin
with
the
question
of
why
people
volunteer.
Researchers
have
identified
several
factors
that
motivate
people
to
get
involved.
For
example,
people
volunteer
to
express
personal
values
related
to
unselfishness,
to
expand
their
range
of
experiences,
and
to
strengthen
social
relationships.
If
volunteer
positions
do
not
meet
these
needs,
people
may
not
wish
to
participate.
_____54_____
People
also
volunteer
because
they
are
required
to
do
so.
To
increase
levels
of
community
service,
some
schools
have
launched
compulsory
volunteer
programs.
Unfortunately,
these
programs
can
shift
people’s
wish
of
participation
from
an
internal
factor
(e.g.,
“I
volunteer
because
it’s
important
to
me”)
to
an
external
factor
(e.g.,
“I
volunteer
because
I’m
required
to
do
so”).
__________55__________
People
must
be
sensitive
to
this
possibility
when
they
make
volunteer
activities
a
must.
Once
people
begin
to
volunteer,
what
leads
them
to
remain
in
their
positions
over
time?
To
answer
this
question,
researchers
have
conducted
follow-up
studies
in
which
they
track
volunteers
over
time.
Having
followed
238
volunteers
in
Florida
over
a
year,
they
have
found
that
one
of
the
most
important
factors
that
influenced
their
satisfaction
as
volunteers
was
the
amount
of
suffering
they
experienced
in
their
volunteer
positions.
This
result
may
lead
to
practical
advice.
The
researchers
note
that
attention
should
be
given
to
“training
methods
that
would
prepare
volunteers
for
troublesome
situations
or
provide
them
with
strategies
for
coping
with
the
problem
they
do
experience”.
______56______
It
was
assumed
that
those
people
for
whom
the
role
of
volunteer
was
most
part
of
their
personal
identity
would
also
be
most
likely
to
continue
volunteer
work.
Participants
indicated
the
degree
to
which
the
social
role
mattered
by
responding
to
statements
such
as
“Volunteering
in
Hospital
is
an
important
part
of
who
I
am.”
Consistent
with
the
researchers’
expectations,
they
found
a
positive
correlation
between
the
strength
of
role
identity
and
the
length
of
time
people
continued
to
volunteer.
A.
Another
study
of
302
volunteers
at
hospitals
in
Chicago
focused
on
individual
differences
in
the
degree
to
which
people
view
“volunteer”
as
an
important
social
role.
B.
To
select
volunteers,
you
may
need
to
understand
the
motivations
of
the
people
you
wish
to
attract.
C.
When
that
happens,
people
become
less
likely
to
volunteer
in
the
future.
D.
So
it
is
of
great
importance
to
study
volunteer
behaviors
and
how
to
organize
volunteer
activities.
E.
To
do
so,
it
should
help
to
understand
why
people
undertake
volunteer
work
and
what
keeps
their
interest
in
the
work.
F.
These
results
also
suggest
that
continued
efforts
might
focus
on
developing
a
volunteer
role
identity.
第II卷
Section
A
(20’)
(A)
Directions:
After
reading
the
passages
below,
fill
in
the
blanks
to
make
the
passages
coherent
and
grammatically
correct
For
the
blanks
with
a
given
word,
fill
in
each
blank
with
the
proper
form
of
the
given
word;
for
the
other
blanks,
use
one
word
that
best
fits
each
blank.
Are
Bamboo-Eating
Pandas
Really
Herbivores?
On
the
outside,
giant
pandas
look
like
herbivores
(食草动物).
They
spend
nearly
all
of
their
waking
hours
___57___
(eat)
bamboo.
But
on
the
inside,
they’re
built
like
carnivores
(食肉动物).
About
half
of
the
calories
they
eat
come
from
protein,
according
to
a
new
study.
The
ancestor
of
giant
pandas
were
omnivorous
(杂食的).
They
ate
both
animals
and
plants,
and
had
the
digestive
system
and
gut
bacteria
to
metabolize
(使发生新陈代谢)
them.
They
had
“umami
taste
receptors,”
to
appreciate
the
flavors
of
meat.
However,
about
2.4
million
years
ago,
things
began
to
change.
The
gene
for
their
“umami
taste
receptors”
became
___58___
(active).
Their
jaw
and
teeth
evolved
to
help
them
crush
bamboo,
and
their
wrist
bone
became
capable
of
grasping
the
stalks
(秆)
of
their
favorite
plant.
Scientists
think
pandas
switched
to
eating
bamboo
partly
___59___
they
didn’t
have
to
fight
with
other
animals
to
get
it.
Bamboo
is
high
in
fiber
but
has
a
low
concentration
of
nutrients,
so
pandas
___60___
eat
20
to
40
pounds
of
the
plant
every
day
just
to
get
by.
David
Raubenheimer,
a
nutritional
ecologist
at
the
University
of
Sydney,
and
his
colleagues
put
GPS
trackers
on
two
giant
pandas
and
followed
their
movements
throughout
the
year.
They
discovered
that
the
pandas
followed
the
protein.
Between
August
and
April,
they___61___
(seek)
food
in
low
elevations
(海拔)
on
China’s
Qinling
Mountains.
At
the
start
of
the
cycle,
they
ate
Bashania
fargesii
leaves
___62___
they
got
the
chance
to
feast
on
young
shoots,
which
contained
more
protein.
The
more
the
shoots
grew,
the
more
their
protein
was
diluted
(冲淡)
by
fiber.
That
caused
the
pandas
to
move
to
higher
ground,
___63___
Fargesia
qinlingensis
grew.
First,
they
ate
the
shoots,
but
these,
too,
went
from
being
protein-rich
to
fiber-rich
as
they
grew.
The
pandas
responded
by
switching
to
the
leaves.
They
fed
___64___
them
until
they
went
back
down
the
mountain
and
started
eating
Bashania
fargesii
leaves
again.
The
researchers
found
that
about
half
of
the
calories
the
pandas
ate
were
in
the
form
of
protein.
Scientists
think
the
research
shows
that
pandas
are
very
clever.
“They
can
know
exactly
where
to
go,
and
when
to
go,
so
they
can
get
the
most
of
the
nutrients
___65___
their
ecosystem
can
provide,”
said
Silvia
Pineda-Munoz,
who
was
not
involved
in
the
study.
The
work
also
shows
that
classifying
an
animal
as
herbivore
or
carnivore
is
more
complex
than
one
might
assume.
“It’s
not
___66___
you’re
eating
plants
but
what
part
of
the
plants
you’re
eating,”
said
Pineda-Munoz.
(B)
Directions:
After
reading
the
passages
below,
fill
in
the
blanks
to
make
the
passages
coherent
and
grammatically
correct
For
the
blanks
with
a
given
word,
fill
in
each
blank
with
the
proper
form
of
the
given
word;
for
the
other
blanks,
use
one
word
that
best
fits
each
blank.
Four-mile
Stretches
From
my
home
on
California’s
Monterey
Peninsula,
there
is
no
easy
way
to
get
anywhere.
To
go
north,
for
instance,
to
San
Francisco,
you
take
Highway.
1,
and
proceed
to
101,
also
known
as
the
Freeway
to
Make
You
Lose
Your
Religion.
Most
of
that
route
is
a
multi-lane
road,
___67___
depending
on
weather
and
traffic,
can
either
take
you
where
you’re
going
or
drive
you
out
of
your
mind.
Sometimes
it
does
___68___.
But
the
part
I
dread
most
-
or
___69___
at
one
time
-
is
a
two-lane
stretch
of
156
that
connects
highways
1
and
101.
In
the
South,
where
I
grew
up,
such
roads
are
called
cow
trails
because
they’re
frequented
by
tractors
and
other
slow-moving
vehicles
that
trot
along,
nose
to
tail,
at
bovine
speed;
and
also
because
if
you
get
on
such
a
road,
you’ll
be
___70___
it
until
the
cows
come
home.
In
some
ways,
roads
are
like
people;
they
have
personalities
that
are
shaped
by
how
we
see
them
and
feel
about
them.
I
discovered
that
when
my
first
husband
was
diagnosed
with
cancer
and
we
began
___71___
would
be
a
four-year
pilgrimage
to
Stanford
Medical
Center
for
treatment.
It
was
91
miles
-
two
hours,
give
or
take
-
and
I
hated
every
inch
of
it,
especially,
that
two-lane
bottleneck.
I
did
everything
I
could
to
avoid
it.
I
begged
to
get
appointments
at
off-peak
times,
only
to
end
up
___72___
(stick)
in
rush-hour
traffic
going
home.
I
spent
hours
poring
over
maps
and
drove
miles
out
of
the
way
trying
to
get
around
it,
only
to
realize
it
really
didn’t
matter;
there
was
no
___73___
(get)
around
it.
I
had
no
choice
but
to
drive
it.
But
that
didn’t
mean
I
had
to
like
it.
I
___74___
clench
my
teeth,
grip
the
wheel
and
feel
my
stomach
churn.
Once,
when
running
late
for
an
appointment,
I
muttered,
“I
hate
this
stupid
road.”
I
didn’t
think
my
husband
could
hear
me.
Morphine
is
great
for
pain,
but
it
doesn’t
do
much
for
conversation.
“Four
miles,”
he
said.
I
looked
over.
His
eyes
were
closed.
“What
did
you
say?”
“This
part
of
the
road,”
he
said,
using
his
teaching
voice,
___75___
lecturing
his
high
school
physics
students.
“It’s
only
four
miles
long.
That’s
easy.
You
can
do
anything
for
four
miles.”
I
clocked
it.
He
was
right.
Four
miles
exactly.
I
___76___
(swear)
it
was
20.
And
then
a
strange
thing
happened.
Somehow,
that
drive
got
easier.
I
don’t
mean
it
seemed
easier;
I
mean
it
was.
Sometimes,
when
the
road
ahead
seems
longer
and
harder
than
I
want
it
to
be,
I
break
it
up
in
pieces,
in
my
mind
and
my
heart
and
even
my
soul.
I
divide
it
into
four-mile
stretches
and
take
them
one
at
a
time.
Some
roads
seem
impassable.
But
you
can
do
anything
for
four
miles.
Section
B
(8’)
Directions:
Complete
the
following
sentences
with
the
help
of
the
Chinese
given.
77.
______________________(他们决定创造一些有长存价值的事物resolve)
so
that
they
can
survive
in
the
competitive
market.
(根据汉语提示完成句子)
78.
It
never
occurred
to
him
that
___________________________.
(他对青春的美好记忆注定会随着年岁增长变得模糊bound)
(根据汉语提示完成句子)
79.
_________________________(科学家们非常惊讶海豚竟然藏有治愈人们精神疾病的能力
marvel
v),
so
they
decided
to
make
further
exploration.
(根据汉语提示完成句子)
80.
Only
when
you
are
always
well-prepared
_____________________________
(才能抓住一切可能的机会实现想要的目标
intend)
(根据汉语提示完成句子)
Section
C
(4’+4’
=8’)
Directions:
Translate
the
following
sentences
into
English,
using
the
words
given
in
the
brackets.
81.
正当她深陷抑郁情绪不可自拔的时候，这位心理学家的话让她明白生命的美好,
这给了她更多面对挫折的勇气。(enlighten,
invest)
(汉译英)
82.
她总能够尽力超越现有的不完美，寻求生命的意义，这给所有在场的人留下了深刻的印象。(seek)
(汉译英)上海交通大学附属中学2020-2021学年度第二学期
高二英语三月考试卷
第I卷
I.
Vocabulary
(10’)
Directions:
Complete
the
following
passage
by
using
the
words
in
the
box.
Each
word
can
only
be
used
once.
Note
that
there
is
one
word
more
than
you
need.
A.
commit
B.
confused
C.
fuel
D.
interacting
E.
genuine
F.
leapG.
poison
H.
setbacks
I.
stream
J.
upgrading
K.
unplug
With
so
many
investments
required
of
us
to
succeed
–
time,
resources,
talents,
responsibilities,
even
finances
for
our
retirement
–
it’s
easy
to
lose
sight
of
the
most
difficult
investment
of
all
to
____1____
to:
ourselves.
Getting
to
the
point
where
you’re
ready
to
start
___2___
to
you
2.0
isn’t
easy.
But
it
doesn’t
mean
dropping
the
ball
everywhere
else.
It's
not
about
omissions,
but
admissions.
Come
clean
with
yourself
to
kick-start
your
personal
growth.
Unstuck
starts
with
“u”
No
one
purposely
chooses
to
stop
learning
and
growing
again,
it
just
kind
of
happens
in
a
lot
of
daily
responsibilities
and
life.
And
if
it
were
easy
to
just
kick
it
into
gear
(挡位)
again,
you
would
have
already
done
it.
But
the
truth
is
inescapable.
If
you
want
to
get
off
that
place
to
higher
ground,
it’s
up
to
you
and
only
you.
No
one
will
just
hand
you
a
steady
___3___
of
opportunities
for
growth.
You’ve
been
working
in
your
life,
not
on
it
Activity
is
often
___4___
with
acceleration
(忙碌).
I
was
guilty
of
this
for
years
in
working
place
–
staying
always
busy
but
not
admitting
I
was
bored.
I
was
lost
in
activity
and
not
stepping
back
to
take
time
to
question
what
I
wanted
my
life
to
be.
Once
I
began
working
on
my
life
–
quitting
corporate,
becoming
an
entrepreneur,
restructuring
to
my
life
–
I
started
growing
once
again.
And
I’ve
never
been
happier.
Things
aren’t
happening
to
you,
they’re
happening
for
you
A
victim
mentality
(心态)
is
the
enemy
of
personal
growth.
Lamenting
over
everything
that
has
gone
wrong
in
your
life
only
wastes
energy
from
working
to
make
more
things
go
right.
If
you
want
to
kick-start
growth,
you
must
view
___5___
as
having
a
purpose,
and
then
put
them
in
their
place.
The
past
shouldn’t
run
or
define
you
–
only
___6___
you.
The
perfect
time
to
start
doesn’t
exist
I
had
so
many
things
that
had
to
be
just
right
before
I
could
make
my
long-planned
___7___
from
corporate.
I’d
tell
myself,
“I’d
love
to
go
for
it
right
now,
but
practically
speaking.”
Well,
guess
what?
Practicality
is
___8___.
It’s
the
convenient
excuse
stopping
you
from
what
you’re
meant
to
become.
It’s
time
to
___9___
others’
opinions
Grow
where
you
want
to
grow.
Learn
what
you
want
to
learn.
Wherever
you
are
on
the
scale
of
what
you
want
to
learn
next
–
be
it
beginner
or
near-expert
own
it,
be
proud
of
it.
Pretences
are
for
pretenders.
You’re
just
trying
to
become
a
better
version
of
your
____10____
self.
【答案】1.
A
2.
J
3.
I
4.
B
5.
H
6.
C
7.
F
8.
G
9.
K
10.
E
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章对如何进行自我成长进行了建议。
【1题详解】
考查动词。句意：我们很容易忽视最困难的投资：我们自己。根据前文“With
so
many
investments
required
of
us
to
succeed
–
time,
resources,
talents,
responsibilities,
even
finances
for
our
retirement”（为了成功，我们需要投入这么多——时间、资源、人才、责任，甚至退休后的财务）可知，此处是指“投入”，应用动词commit
to，空前to为不定式符号，其后用动词原形。故选A。
【2题详解】
考查动词。句意：要达到准备好升级到2.0版本的你的程度并不容易。根据“you
2.0”可知，此处是指升级成2.0版本的你。upgrade意为“升级”符合语境，根据start
doing
sth.“开始做某事”可知，此处应用动名词作宾语。故选J。
【3题详解】
考查名词。句意：没有人会给你源源不断的成长机会。根据“a
steady”和“of
opportunities”可知，此处表示没有人会给你源源不断的成长机会。a
stream
of意为“一连串”。故选I。
【4题详解】
考查形容词。句意：活动经常与忙碌相混淆。根据后文“I
was
guilty
of
this
for
years
in
working
place
–
staying
always
busy
but
not
admitting
I
was
bored.
I
was
lost
in
activity
and
not
stepping
back
to
take
time
to
question
what
I
wanted
my
life
to
be.”（多年来，我在工作中为此感到内疚——总是很忙，但不承认自己很无聊。我沉浸在活动中，没有后退一步，花时间去质疑我想要的生活。）可知，此处是指活动经常与忙碌相混淆。confused意为
“混乱的”，符合语境，此处作表语。故选B。
【5题详解】
考查名词。句意：如果你想启动成长，你必须把挫折看成是有目的的，然后把它们放回原位。根据前文“Lamenting
over
everything
that
has
gone
wrong
in
your
life
only
wastes
energy
from
working
to
make
more
things
go
right.”（为生活中所有出错的事情而哀叹，只会浪费精力，无法让更多事情变得更好。）可知，此处是指你必须把挫折看成是有目的的。setback意为“挫折”，符合语境。故选H。
【6题详解】
考查动词。句意：过去不应该影响你或定义你——它只会给你加油。根据“The
past
shouldn’t
run
or
define
you”可知，此处是指过去发生的事只会给你加油。fuel意为“加油”，主语the
past指代过去的很多事情，故谓语动词复数形式。故选C。
【7题详解】
考查名词。句意：在我完成计划已久的跳槽之前，我有很多事情要做得恰到好处。根据“I’d
tell
myself,
“I’d
love
to
go
for
it”可知，此处是指跳槽。名词leap意为“跳跃，跳槽”。故选F。
【8题详解】
考查名词。句意：实用性是毒药。根据后文“It’s
the
convenient
excuse
stopping
you
from
what
you’re
meant
to
become.”（它只是一个方便的借口，阻止你成为你命中注定要成为的人。）可知，实用性是毒药。poison意为“毒药”。故选G。
【9题详解】
考查动词。句意：是时候摒弃别人的观点了。根据“Grow
where
you
want
to
grow.
Learn
what
you
want
to
learn.
”（在你想成长的地方成长。学习你想学的东西。）可知，此处是指摒弃别人的观点。unplug意为“拔掉”，符合语境。故选K。
【10题详解】
考查形容词。句意：你只是想成为一个更好的、真实的自己。根据“Grow
where
you
want
to
grow.
Learn
what
you
want
to
learn.
”（在你想成长的地方成长。学习你想学的东西。）可知，此处是指成为真实的更好的自己。genuine意为“真正的”，符合语境。故选E。
II.
Reading
Comprehension
(30’+18’+6’)
Section
A
Directions:
For
each
blank
in
the
following
passage
there
are
four
words
or
phrases
marked
A,
B,
C
and
D.
Fill
in
each
blank
with
the
word
or
phrase
that
best
fits
the
context.
(A)
In
the
1960s,
African
American
mothers
noticed
something
wrong
in
their
children’s
seemingly
innocent
class
photos.
Every
year,
youngsters
tidied
up
in
their
Sunday
best
for
their
school
picture,
yet
these
treasured
images
didn’t
___11___
Black
and
White
children
equally.
White
children
were
rendered
(使成为)
as
they
look
in
everyday
life,
while
African
American
children
lost
___12___
of
their
faces
and
turned
into
ink
blots
(墨渍).
The
film
could
not
simultaneously
capture
both
dark
and
light
skin.
For
decades,
this
flaw
of
the
film
remained
out
of
___13___,
when
Black
boys
and
girls
and
white
boys
and
girls
were
photographed
separately.
But
with
the
integration
of
schools,
Black
mothers
___14___
that
color
film
left
their
Black
children
in
the
shadows.
In
2015,
two
London-based
photographers,
Adam
Broomberg
and
Oliver
Chanarin,
wanted
to
find
out
why
the
film
could
not
capture
the
___15___
of
children
of
all
races
in
a
school
photograph.
When
these
photographers
tested
the
film,
they
found
the
film
was
optimized
for
___16___
skin.
It
was
this
film’s
hidden
history
that
was
the
___17___
faces
in
a
class
photo
came
out
so
differently.
All
that
changed,
___18___,
when
large
corporations
made
a
fuss
about
Kodak’s
film,
which
they
bought
in
bulk
for
advertising.
A
team
of
two
unlikely
businesses
–
furniture
makers
and
chocolate
manufacturers
–
___19___
against
Kodak’s
films
for
discriminating
against
dark
hues.
Kodak
employees
worked
hard
to
fix
the
film,
making
new
film
formulations
and
testing
them
by
taking
photos.
While
the
complaints
from
Black
mothers
could
not
change
Kodak,
those
from
these
companies
could.
By
the
late
1970s,
new
-
and
more
___20___
-
formulations
of
color
film
were
in
the
works,
and
the
new
and
improved
Kodak
Gold
film
was
on
the
market
by
the
following
decade.
Technologies,
such
as
photographic
films,
sometimes
capture
the
beliefs
and
values
of
the
times.
This
bias
built
into
technology
has
___21___
today.
Today,
some
web
cameras,
following
instructions
from
algorithms
(算法),
are
unable
to
recognize
a
dark
face,
but
do
so
___22___
for
a
white
one.
What
the
makers
of
film
and
cameras
and
other
technologies
have
experienced
is
a
tacit
(心照不宣的)
subscription
to
a
belief
of
a
standard.
___23___,
they
have
gotten
on
the
escalator
of
“this
is
how
we
do
things”
without
asking
why.
Scholars
would
describe
this
type
of
bias
as
one
that
implicitly
(完全地)
and
___24___
accepts
norms.
But
it
isn’t
the
___25___
fault;
they
are
only
doing
what
the
lines
of
code
written
by
humans
tell
them
to
do.
These
devices
capture
the
biases
that
exist
in
our
world
and,
in
turn,
speak
to
whom
a
culture
values.
11.
A.
treat
B.
capture
C.
reflect
D.
divide
12.
A.
characters
B.
expressions
C.
features
D.
colors
13.
A.
fashion
B.
print
C.
range
D.
sight
14.
A.
recommended
B.
witnessed
C.
maintained
D.
urged
15.
A.
likeness
B.
frankness
C.
carelessness
D.
darkness
16.
A.
dark
B.
yellow
C.
white
D.
black
17.
A.
coincidence
B.
reason
C.
consequence
D.
result
18.
A.
therefore
B.
however
C.
furthermore
D.
meanwhile
19.
A.
guarded
B.
insured
C.
went
D.
protested
20.
A.
inclusive
B.
persuasive
C.
decisive
D.
offensive
21.
A.
echoes
B.
conclusions
C.
objections
D.
intentions
22.
A.
quickly
B.
equally
C.
easily
D.
similarly
23.
A.
As
a
result
B.
In
other
words
C.
For
example
D.
On
the
contrary
24.
A.
inconsistently
B.
unexpectedly
C.
inevitably
D.
uncritically
25.
A.
cameras’
B.
technologies’
C.
films’
D.
humans’
【答案】11.
B
12.
C
13.
D
14.
B
15.
A
16.
C
17.
B
18.
B
19.
D
20.
A
21.
A
22.
C
23.
B
24.
D
25.
A
【解析】
【分析】本文是记叙文，讲述了在相机胶片上的种族歧视史并进行了寻根溯源。
【11题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：每年，孩子们都穿着最好的衣服去学校拍照，然而这些珍贵的照片拍摄到的黑人和白人孩子并不一样。A.
treat对待；B.
capture拍摄；C.
reflect反应；D.
divide分开。下文“The
film
could
not
simultaneously
capture
both
dark
and
light
skin.”（该胶片不能同时拍摄黑皮肤和白皮肤。）是对本句的进一步阐述，其中“simultaneously
capture
both
dark
and
light
skin.”与设空处“___1___
Black
and
White
children
equally.”语意一致，动词capture原词复现。故选B项。
【12题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：白人儿童看起来就是他们在日常生活中的样子，而非裔美国儿童失去了他们的面部特征，变成了墨迹。A.
characters性格；B.
expressions表达；C.
features面部特征；D.
colors色彩。根据下文“turned
into
ink
blots
(墨渍)”可知照片中的非裔美国儿童面部无法辨识，失去了面部特征。故选C项。
【13题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：几十年来，当黑人男孩和女孩以及白人男孩和女孩被分开拍摄时，胶片的这个缺陷一直没有被发现。A.
fashion时尚；B.
print印刷业；C.
range范围；D.
sight视野。根据上下文“For
decades,…Black
boys
and
girls
and
white
boys
and
girls
were
photographed
separately”可推出，因为黑人孩子与白人孩子几十年都未曾同框，所以胶片的这个缺陷应该是被忽视的。out
of
sight表示“在视野之外；看不到”。故选D项。
【14题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是随着学校的融合，黑人母亲们目睹了彩色胶卷把他们的黑人孩子置于阴影之中。A.
recommended推荐；B.
witnessed目睹；C.
maintained维护；D.
urged催促。根据句中连词But可知，前后句用转折关系。前文说“胶片的这个缺陷一直没有被发现”，结合句意可知下文应该讲“问题被发现”。witness表示“目睹；目击”。故选B项。
【15题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：2015年，两位来自伦敦的摄影师Adam
Broomberg和Oliver
Chanarin想要找出为什么这些胶卷不能在一张学校照片中捕捉到所有种族儿童的样子。A.
likeness样子；B.
frankness率直；C.
carelessness粗心；D.
darkness黑暗。第一自然段讲在照片中“非裔美国儿童失去了他们的面部特征，变成了墨迹”，本句中两位摄影师要弄明白的是同样的问题，“为什么在胶卷拍不出非裔美国儿童的样子”。故选A项。
【16题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当这些摄影师测试这种胶卷时，他们发现这种胶卷最适合白色皮肤。A.
dark黑暗；B.
yellow黄色；C.
white白色；D.
black黑色。根据上文中拍不清楚非裔美国儿童的样子可判断这种胶片适合白色皮肤。故选C项。
【17题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种胶卷隐藏的历史就是为什么班级照片中的面孔会出现如此不同的结果的原因。A.
coincidence巧合；B.
reason原因；C.
consequence后果；D.
result结果。本句是强调句型，改为普通句式
“This
film’s
hidden
history
was
the
___7___
faces
in
a
class
photo
came
out
so
differently.”后可知This
film’s
hidden
history是faces
in
a
class
photo
came
out
so
differently的原因。故选B项。
【18题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，当大公司对柯达的胶卷大惊小怪时，一切都变了。A.
therefore因此；B.
however但是；C.
furthermore而且；D.
meanwhile同时。根据上文All
that
changed可知题目所在段落与前段有明确的转折关系，结合句意可知应用however。故选B项。
【19题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：一个由两家不太可能的企业组成的团队——家具制造商和巧克力制造商——抗议柯达胶片歧视深色色调。A.
guarded保卫；B.
insured确保；C.
went走；D.
protested抗议。根据下文“against
Kodak’s
films
for
discriminating”（反对柯达胶片的歧视）可判定应用动词protest。故选D项。
【20题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：到20世纪70年代末，新的、更广泛的彩色胶卷配方开始研制，而经过改进的柯达金色胶卷在接下来的十年里上市了。A.
inclusive广泛的；B.
persuasive有说服力的；C.
decisive决定性的；D.
offensive冒犯的。根据上文可知旧胶片只适合单一的白色皮肤，受到诟病，那么新改进后的胶片就应该“适合更广泛的肤色”。故选A项。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种根植于技术中的偏见在今天也在重复。A.
echoes重复；B.
conclusions结论；C.
objections反对；D.
intentions目的。根据下文举例“Today,
some
web
cameras,
following
instructions
from
algorithms
(算法),
are
unable
to
recognize
a
dark
face”（今天，一些网络摄像头，按照算法的指令，无法识别黑脸……）可知这种偏见在现在仍然存在。故选A项。
【22题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：如今，一些网络摄像头按照算法的指令无法识别黑脸，但却能轻易识别白脸。A.
quickly快速地；B.
equally平等地；C.
easily容易地；D.
similarly相似地。根据前文“unable
to
recognize
a
dark
face”和转折连词but可判断下文是指能很容易地识别白脸。故选C项。
【23题详解】
考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：换句话说，他们已经选择了一种思维模式——“这就是我们做事的方式”，不用问原因。A.
As
a
result结果；B.
In
other
words换句话说；C.
For
example例如；D.
On
the
contrary正相反。上文“a
tacit
(心照不宣的)
subscription
to
a
belief
of
a
standard”和下文“this
is
how
we
do
things”
without
asking
why“互为解释。in
other
words表示“换句话说”。故选B项。
【24题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：学者们将这种类型的偏见描述为一种完全地和不加批判地接受规范的偏见。A.
inconsistently不一致地；B.
unexpectedly出乎意料地；C.
inevitably无法避免地；D.
uncritically不加鉴别地。上文““this
is
how
we
do
things”
without
asking
why”讲了一种不问原因全盘接受的做事方式，与uncritically（不加鉴别地；不加批评地）同义。故选D项。
【25题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：但这不是像机的错；它们只是按照人类编写的代码行来做。A.
cameras’相机的；B.
technologies’技术的；C.
films’电影的；D.
humans’人类的。根据下文“they
are
only
doing
what
the
lines
of
code
written
by
humans
tell
them
to
do.”可知这里说的是像机。故选A项。
(B)
David
Dunning,
a
psychologist
at
Cornell
University,
and
Justin
Kruger,
his
graduate
student,
reason
that
while
almost
everyone
holds
favourable
views
of
their
abilities
in
various
social
and
intellectual
domains,
some
people
mistakenly
assess
their
abilities
as
being
much
higher
than
they
actually
are.
This
“illusion
of
___26___”
is
now
called
the
“Dunning-Kruger
effect”,
which
describes
the
cognitive
prejudice
to
increase
self-assessment.
To
___27___
this
phenomenon
in
the
lab,
Dunning
and
Kruger
designed
some
clever
experiments.
In
one
study,
they
asked
undergraduate
students
a
series
of
questions
about
grammar,
logic
and
jokes,
and
then
asked
each
student
to
estimate
his
or
her
score
overall,
as
well
as
their
relative
___28___
compared
to
the
other
students.
Interestingly,
students
who
scored
the
lowest
in
these
cognitive
tasks
always
___29___
how
well
they
did
–
by
a
lot.
Students
who
scored
in
the
___30___
one-fourth
estimated
that
they
had
performed
better
than
two-thirds
of
the
other
students!
This
“illusion
of
confidence”
___31___
beyond
the
classroom
and
spreads
through
everyday
life.
In
a
follow-up
study,
Dunning
and
Kruger
left
the
lab
and
went
to
a
gun
range,
where
they
quizzed
gun
hobbyists
about
gun
safety.
___32___
to
their
previous
findings,
those
who
answered
the
fewest
questions
correctly
wildly
overestimated
their
knowledge
about
firearms.
Outside
of
factual
knowledge,
___33___,
the
Dunning-Kruger
effect
can
also
be
observed
in
people’s
self-assessment
of
other
personal
abilities.
If
you
watch
any
talent
show
on
television
today,
you
will
see
the
___34___
on
the
faces
of
contestants
who
don’t
make
it
past
auditions
(海选)
and
are
___35___
by
the
judges.
While
it
is
almost
___36___
to
us,
these
people
are
genuinely
unaware
of
how
much
they
have
been
___37___
by
their
illusory
superiority.
Sure,
it’s
typical
for
people
to
overestimate
their
abilities.
One
study
found
that
80
per
cent
of
drivers
rate
themselves
as
above
average.
And
similar
___38___
have
been
found
when
people
rate
their
relative
popularity
and
cognitive
abilities.
The
problem
is
that
when
people
are
incompetent,
not
only
do
they
reach
wrong
conclusions
and
make
unfortunate
choices
but,
also,
they
are
___39___
of
the
ability
to
realize
their
mistakes.
Instead
of
being
confused,
perplexed
or
thoughtful
about
their
erroneous
ways,
incompetent
people
insist
that
their
ways
are
___40___.
As
Charles
Darwin
wrote
in
The
Descent
of
Man
(1871):
“Ignorance
more
frequently
begets
(产生)
confidence
than
does
knowledge.”
26.
A.
confidence
B.
happiness
C.
freedom
D.
reality
27.
A.
convince
B.
classify
C.
investigate
D.
summarize
28.
A.
reach
B.
range
C.
rate
D.
rank
29.
A.
defined
B.
overestimated
C.
overlooked
D.
doubted
30.
A.
top
B.
bottom
C.
former
D.
latter
31.
A.
overtakes
B.
renews
C.
extends
D.
evolves
32.
A.
Similar
B.
Contrary
C.
Parallel
D.
Opposite
33.
A.
though
B.
therefore
C.
meanwhile
D.
largely
34.
A.
calm
B.
guilt
C.
shock
D.
panic
35.
A.
selected
B.
favored
C.
restricted
D.
rejected
36.
A.
agreeable
B.
comical
C.
restless
D.
magical
37.
A.
misled
B.
taught
C.
tempted
D.
oriented
38.
A.
trends
B.
tricks
C.
strategies
D.
fashions
39.
A.
warned
B.
reminded
C.
robbed
D.
assured
40.
A.
wrong
B.
correct
C.
illusory
D.
popular
【答案】26.
A
27.
C
28.
D
29.
B
30.
B
31.
C
32.
A
33.
A
34.
C
35.
D
36.
B
37.
A
38.
A
39.
C
40.
B
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了对“自信的错觉”即“邓宁-克鲁格效应”的几项研究。
【26题详解】
考查名词辨析。句意：这种“自信的错觉”现在被称为“邓宁-克鲁格效应”，即通过认知偏见来增强自我评估。A.confidence自信；B.happiness开心；C.freedom自由；D.reality现实。根据“some
people
mistakenly
assess
their
abilities
as
being
much
higher
than
they
actually
are”（有些人错误地认为自己的能力比实际要高得多）可知，此处是指自信的错觉。故选A。
【27题详解】
考查动词辨析。句意：为了在实验室里研究这一现象，邓宁和克鲁格设计了一些巧妙的实验。A.convince使相信；B.classify分类；C.investigate研究；D.summarize总结。根据“Dunning
and
Kruger
designed
some
clever
experiments”可知，此处是指在实验室里研究这一现象。故选C。
【28题详解】
考查名词辨析。句意：在一项研究中，他们向本科生提出了一系列关于语法、逻辑和笑话的问题，然后让每个学生估计自己的总体得分，以及与其他学生相比的相对排名。A.reach范围；B.range范围；C.rate比率；D.rank排名。根据“compared
to
the
other
students”可知，此处是指与其他学生相比的相对排名。故选D。
【29题详解】
考查动词辨析。句意：有趣的是，在这些认知任务中得分最低的学生总是高估了自己的表现——高估了很多。A.defined定义；B.overestimated高估；C.overlooked忽视；D.doubted怀疑。根据“Students
who
scored
in
the
bottom
one-fourth
estimated
that
they
had
performed
better
than
two-thirds
of
the
other
students!”（得分最低的四分之一的学生估计他们比其他三分之二的学生表现得好！）可知，此处是指在这些认知任务中得分最低的学生总是高估了自己的表现。故选B。
【30题详解】
考查形容词辨析。句意：得分最低那四分之一的学生估计他们比其他三分之二的学生表现得好！A.top顶端的；B.bottom底部的；C.former前者的；D.latter后者的。根据“they
had
performed
better
than
two-thirds
of
the
other
students”可知，这四分之一的学生是得分最低的。故选B。
【31题详解】
考查动词辨析。句意：这种“自信的幻觉”延伸到课堂之外，并在日常生活中传播开来。A.overtakes赶上；B.renews更新；C.extends延伸；D.evolves演变。根据“beyond
the
classroom
and
spreads
through
everyday
life”可知，此处是指延伸到课堂之外。故选C。
【32题详解】
考查形容词辨析。句意：与他们之前的发现相似，那些回答最少问题的人大大高估了他们对枪支的了解。A.Similar相似的；B.Contrary相反的；C.Parallel平行的；D.Opposite相反的。根据“those
who
answered
the
fewest
questions
correctly
wildly
overestimated
their
knowledge
about
firearms”可知，这与他们之前的实验发现相似。故选A。
【33题详解】
考查副词辨析。句意：然而，除了事实知识之外，邓宁-克鲁格效应也可以在人们对其它个人能力的自我评估中观察到。A.though然而；B.therefore因此；C.meanwhile同时；D.largely主要地。“the
Dunning-Kruger
effect
can
also
be
observed
in
people’s
self-assessment
of
other
personal
abilities”和前文提到的对事实知识掌握的认知构成转折关系。故选A。
【34题详解】
考查名词辨析。句意：如果你今天在电视上看任何一档选秀节目，你都会看到那些没能通过海选被评委淘汰的选手脸上的震惊。A.calm平静；B.guilt罪；C.shock震惊；D.panic恐慌。根据“the
Dunning-Kruger
effect
can
also
be
observed
in
people’s
self-assessment
of
other
personal
abilities”可知，那些被淘汰的选手并不认为自己不够好，所以很震惊。故选C。
【35题详解】
考查动词辨析。句意：如果你今天在电视上看任何一档选秀节目，你都会看到那些没能通过海选被评委淘汰的选手脸上的震惊。A.selected选择；B.favored赞同；C.restricted限制；D.rejected拒绝。根据“don’t
make
it
past
auditions”可知，此处是指被评委淘汰的选手。故选D。
【36题详解】
考查形容词辨析。句意：虽然这对我们来说几乎是可笑的，但这些人真的没有意识到，他们被自己虚幻的优越感误导了多少。A.agreeable令人愉快的；B.comical可笑的；C.restless焦躁不安的；D.magical魔法的。根据“these
people
are
genuinely
unaware
of
how
much
they
have
been
misled
by
their
illusory
superiority”可知，此处是指这种虚幻的优越感是可笑的。故选B。
【37题详解】
考查动词辨析。句意：虽然这对我们来说几乎是可笑的，但这些人真的没有意识到，他们被自己虚幻的优越感误导了多少。A.misled误导；B.taught教学；C.tempted诱惑；D.oriented导向。根据“by
their
illusory
superiority”可知，此处是指被自己虚幻的优越感误导。故选A。
【38题详解】
考查名词辨析。句意：当人们评估自己的相对受欢迎程度和认知能力时，也发现了类似的趋势。A.trends趋势；B.tricks把戏；C.strategies策略；D.fashions时尚。根据similar可知，当人们评估自己的相对受欢迎程度和认知能力时，也会出现虚幻的优越感，这是一种倾向于高估自己的趋势。故选A。
【39题详解】
考查动词辨析。句意：问题是，当人们没有能力的时候，他们不仅会得出错误的结论，做出不幸的选择，而且，他们也被剥夺了意识到自己错误的能力。A.warned警告；B.reminded提醒；C.robbed剥夺；D.assured保证。根据“the
ability
to
realize
their
mistakes”可知，此处是指他们没有意识到自己错误的能力，所以是被剥夺了。故选C。
【40题详解】
考查形容词辨析。句意：没有能力的人不会对他们错误的方式感到困惑、不知所措或深思，而是坚持他们的方式是正确的。A.wrong错误的；B.correct正确的；C.illusory错觉的；D.popular受欢迎的。根据“Instead
of
being
confused,
perplexed
or
thoughtful
about
their
erroneous
ways”可知，他们会坚持他们的方式是正确的。故选B。
Section
B
Directions:
Read
the
following
four
passages.
Each
passage
is
followed
by
several
questions
or
unfinished
statements.
For
each
of
them
there
are
four
choices
marked
A,
B,
C
and
D.
Choose
the
one
that
fits
best
according
to
the
information
given
in
the
passage
you
have
just
read.
(A)
Two
hours
from
the
tall
buildings
of
Philadelphia
live
some
of
the
world’s
largest
bears.
They
are
in
northern
Pennsylvania’s
Pocono
Mountains,
a
home
they
share
with
an
abundance
(丰富)
of
other
wildlife.
The
streams,
lakes,
grasslands,
mountain
and
forests
that
make
the
Poconos
an
ideal
place
for
black
bears
have
also
attracted
more
people
to
the
region.
Open
spaces
are
threatened
by
plans
for
housing
estates
and
important
habitats
are
endangered
by
highway
construction.
To
protect
the
Pocono’s
natural
beauty
from
irresponsible
development,
the
Nature
Conservancy
named
the
area
one
of
America’s
“Last
Great
Places”.
Operating
out
of
a
century-old
schoolhouse
in
the
village
of
Long
Pond,
Bud
Cook,
the
president
of
the
Conservancy,
is
working
with
local
people
and
business
leaders
to
balance
economic
growth
with
environmental
protection.
By
forming
partnerships
with
people
like
Francis
Altemose,
the
Conservancy
has
been
able
to
protect
more
than
14,000
acres
of
environmentally
important
land
in
the
area.
Altemose’s
family
has
farmed
in
the
Pocono
area
for
generations.
Two
years
ago,
Francis
worked
with
the
local
branch
of
the
Nature
Conservancy
to
include
his
farm
in
a
county
farmland
protection
program.
As
a
result,
his
family’s
land
can
be
protected
from
development
and
the
Altemoses
will
be
better
able
to
provide
a
secure
financial
future
for
their
7-year-old
grandson.
Cook
attributes
the
Conservancy’s
success
in
the
Poconos
to
having
a
local
presence
and
a
commitment
to
working
with
local
residents.
“The
key
to
protecting
these
remarkable
lands
is
connecting
with
the
local
community,”
Cook
said.
“The
people
who
live
here
respect
the
land.
They
value
quiet
forests,
clear
streams
and
abundant
wildlife.
They
are
eager
to
help
with
conservation
efforts.”
For
more
information
on
how
you
can
help
the
Nature
Conservancy
protect
the
Poconos
and
the
world’s
other
“Last
Great
Places,”
please
call
1-888-564
6864
or
visit
us
on
the
World
Wide
Web
at
www.tnc.org.
41.
The
purpose
in
naming
the
Poconos
as
one
of
America’s
“Last
Great
Places”
is
to
________.
A.
gain
support
from
the
local
community.
B.
protect
it
from
irresponsible
development.
C.
make
it
a
better
home
for
black
bears.
D.
provide
financial
security
for
future
generations.
42.
We
learn
from
the
passage
that
________.
A.
the
tourist
industry
is
growing
fast
and
has
great
influence
on
the
Pocono
area.
B.
wildlife
in
the
Pocono
area
is
dying
out
rapidly.
C.
the
security
of
the
Pocono
residents
is
being
threatened.
D.
farmlands
in
the
Pocono
area
are
shrinking
fast.
43.
What
does
Bud
Cook
mean
by
“having
a
local
presence”
in
Paragraph
5?
A.
Financial
contributions
from
local
business
leaders.
B.
Consideration
of
the
interests
of
the
local
residents.
C.
The
establishment
of
a
wildlife
protection
foundation
in
the
area.
D.
The
setting
up
of
a
local
Nature
Conservancy
branch
in
the
Pocono
area.
44.
What
is
important
in
protecting
the
Poconos
according
to
Cook?
A.
The
setting
up
of
an
environmental
protection
website.
B.
Support
from
organizations
like
the
Nature
Conservancy.
C.
Cooperation
with
the
local
residents
and
business
leaders.
D.
Inclusion
of
farmlands
in
the
region’s
protection
program.
【答案】41.
B
42.
A
43.
D
44.
C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。波科诺的旅游业发展迅速，这对当地环境产生了很大的负面影响。文章介绍了当地是如何进行环境保护的。
【41题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句To
protect
the
Pocono’s
natural
beauty
from
irresponsible
development,
the
Nature
Conservancy
named
the
area
one
of
America’s
“Last
Great
Places”.（为了保护波科诺的自然美景免受不负责任的开发的伤害，大自然保护协会将该地区命名为美国“最后的伟大地方”之一。）可知，将波科诺命名为美国“最后的伟大地方”之一的目的是保护它免受不负责任的开发的伤害。故选B。
【42题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“The
streams,
lakes,
grasslands,
mountain
and
forests
that
make
the
Poconos
an
ideal
place
for
black
bears
have
also
attracted
more
people
to
the
region.
”（小溪、湖泊、草原、山脉和森林使波科诺成为黑熊的理想栖息地，也吸引了更多的人来到该地区。）可知，波科诺的旅游业发展迅速，根据第二段第二句“Open
spaces
are
threatened
by
plans
for
housing
estates
and
important
habitats
are
endangered
by
highway
construction.”（开放空间受到了住宅区计划的威胁，重要栖息地也受到了高速公路建设的威胁。）可知，波科诺的旅游业发展迅速对当地产生了很大影响。故选A。
【43题详解】
短语猜测题。根据倒第三段中的“working
with
local
residents.”（和当地居民合作）可知，having
a
local
presence是指倒第四段第二句“
Two
years
ago,
Francis
worked
with
the
local
branch
of
the
Nature
Conservancy
to
include
his
farm
in
a
county
farmland
protection
program.”（两年前，弗朗西斯与自然保护协会的当地分支机构合作，将他的农场纳入了县里的农田保护计划。）中提到的在当地建立自然保护协会的当地分支机构。故选D。
【44题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“Operating
out
of
a
century-old
schoolhouse
in
the
village
of
Long
Pond,
Bud
Cook,
the
president
of
the
Conservancy,
is
working
with
local
people
and
business
leaders
to
balance
economic
growth
with
environmental
protection.
”长塘保护协会主席巴德?库克(bud
cook)在长塘村一所有百年历史的校舍里开展工作，与当地民众和商界领袖合作，平衡经济增长与环境保护之间的关系。根据倒第二段第一句“The
key
to
protecting
these
remarkable
lands
is
connecting
with
the
local
community”（保护这些神奇土地的关键是与当地社区联系起来）可知，与当地居民和商业领袖的合作对于保护波科诺很重要。故选C。
(B)
Life
was
easier
when
it
wasn’t
so
long:
learn
when
you’re
young,
work
while
you’re
able,
then
resign
yourself
to
a
slow
period
of
repose
-
and
decline.
But
in
the
past
century,
scientific
advancements
have
added
decades
to
the
average
human
life
span,
leaving
a
person’s
timeline
with
a
long,
often
aimless
tail.
Finding
rewarding
ways
to
fill
these
extra
years
-
particularly
in
ways
that
emphasize
social
ties
-
is
the
best
way
to
prolong
them,
research
is
finding.
“The
things
that
we
understand
now
to
be
important
for
healthy
longevity”
-
things
like
connecting
with
others,
a
positive
outlook,
making
peace
with
getting
older
-
“have
been
trivialized
over
the
years
by
some
scientists.
We
now
know
that
shouldn’t
be
the
case,”
says
Paul
Irving,
chairman
of
the
Center
for
the
Future
of
Aging
at
the
Milken
Institute,
a
think
tank
that
studies
older
age.
“One
of
the
great
opportunities
we
all
have
is
to
continue
that
search
for
meaning,
that
aspiration
to
do
our
most
enjoyable
and
important
work
later
in
our
lives.”
Here
are
other
strategies
that
may
help
you
make
the
most
of
your
extra
years.
EMBRACE
TECHNOLOGY
It’s
hard
to
beat
face
time,
but
FaceTime
(and
the
like)
can
also
help
older
adults
feel
less
alone,
research
shows.
“I
think
a
lot
of
work
can
be
done
to
make
the
existing
social
networks
more
accommodating
to
older
adults,”
Irving
says.
WELCOME
AGING
Your
feelings
about
getting
older
might
determine
how
well
you
age-and
even
how
well
your
brain
holds
up
against
Alzheimer’s.
A
team
of
researchers
at
Yale
University
found
that
when
people
who
thought
negatively
about
aging
were
simply
primed
to
view
it
in
a
better
light,
they
said
they
felt
more
positively
about
aging
and
even
showed
improvements
in
physical
strength.
SET
GOALS,
TAKE
RISKS
Plenty
of
research
links
a
sense
of
purpose
to
longevity.
But
how
do
people
search
for
a
purpose
if
they
don’t
have
one?
Take
an
online
course,
volunteer,
do
anything
new
that
challenges
you.
“The
assumption
that
you
should
only
do
one
thing
in
your
life,
to
me,
makes
no
sense,”
says
Irving.
EXPECT
THE
BEST
People
with
a
positive
outlook
recover
better
after
having
a
heart
attack
than
those
who
are
more
pessimistic,
a
recent
study
shows.
That’s
partly
because
a
hopeful
attitude
is
linked
to
other
healthy
behaviors,
like
quitting
smoking
and
maintaining
a
healthy
diet.
Optimism
is
also
linked
to
fewer
chronic
illnesses,
less
depression
and
even
a
stronger
immune
response
to
bugs
like
the
flu.
45.
What
does
Paul
Irving
mean
by
saying
“that
shouldn’t
be
the
case”
in
Paragraph
2?
A.
The
things
important
for
healthy
long
life
are
not
proved
scientifically.
B.
Healthy
longevity
is
not
an
appropriate
case
for
scientists
to
focus
on.
C.
It’s
improper
for
scientists
to
dismiss
the
things
important
for
longevity.
D.
Emphasizing
social
ties
should
not
be
dismissed
by
those
scientists.
46.
Which
strategy
mentioned
in
the
article
can
help
fight
against
Alzheimer’s
disease?
A.
Embrace
technology.
B.
Welcome
aging.
C.
Set
goals,
take
risks.
D.
Expect
the
best.
47.
Which
of
the
following
statement
is
true
according
to
the
article?
A.
Doing
one
thing
well
in
life
makes
extra
years
in
life
meaningful.
B.
Technology
promotes
and
strengthens
old
people’s
social
network.
C.
Extra
years
should
not
be
spent
committing
to
enjoyable
work.
D.
A
positive
outlook
contributes
to
quicker
recovery
and
healthy
behaviors.
【答案】45.
C
46.
B
47.
D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。与他人联系、积极的态度、从容面对变老等因素对健康长寿很重要。文章对如何做到健康长寿提出了建议。
【45题详解】
句意猜测题。根据第二段第二句““The
things
that
we
understand
now
to
be
important
for
healthy
longevity”
-
things
like
connecting
with
others,
a
positive
outlook,
making
peace
with
getting
older
-
“have
been
trivialized
over
the
years
by
some
scientists.”（“我们现在理解的对健康长寿很重要的事情”——诸如与他人联系、积极的态度、从容面对变老——“多年来一直被一些科学家忽视。”）可知，Paul
Irving说“that
shouldn’t
be
the
case”的意思是科学家们忽视这些长寿的重要因素是不恰当的。故选C。
【46题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段第一句“Your
feelings
about
getting
older
might
determine
how
well
you
age-and
even
how
well
your
brain
holds
up
against
Alzheimer’s.
”（你对变老的感觉可能决定你衰老的程度，甚至决定你的大脑抵抗老年痴呆症的能力。）和第二句中的“when
people
who
thought
negatively
about
aging
were
simply
primed
to
view
it
in
a
better
light,
they
said
they
felt
more
positively
about
aging
and
even
showed
improvements
in
physical
strength.”（当那些对衰老持负面看法的人从更好的角度来看待衰老时，他们说他们对衰老的看法更加积极，甚至在体力方面也有了改善。）可知，文章中提到欢迎衰老可以帮助对抗老年痴呆症。故选B。
【47题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段前两句“People
with
a
positive
outlook
recover
better
after
having
a
heart
attack
than
those
who
are
more
pessimistic,
a
recent
study
shows.
That’s
partly
because
a
hopeful
attitude
is
linked
to
other
healthy
behaviors,
like
quitting
smoking
and
maintaining
a
healthy
diet.
”（最近的一项研究表明，乐观的人在心脏病发作后比悲观的人恢复得更好。这在一定程度上是因为充满希望的态度与其他健康的行为有关，比如戒烟和保持健康的饮食。）可知，积极的态度有助于更快的恢复和健康的行为。故选D。
(C)
The
secret
to
eating
less
and
being
happy
about
it
may
have
been
cracked
years
ago—by
McDonald’s.
According
to
a
new
study
from
Cornell
University’s
Food
and
Brand
Lab
small
non-food
rewards—like
the
toys
in
McDonald’s
Happy
Meals—stimulate
the
same
reward
centers
in
the
brain
as
food
does.
The
researchers,
led
by
Martin
Reimann,
carried
out
a
series
of
experiments
to
see
if
people
would
choose
a
smaller
meal
if
it
was
paired
with
a
non-food
item.
They
found
that
the
majority
of
both
kids
and
adults
opted
for
a
half-sized
portion
when
combined
with
a
prize.
Both
options
were
priced
the
same.
Even
more
interesting
is
that
the
promise
of
a
future
reward
was
enough
to
make
adults
choose
the
smaller
portion.
One
of
the
prizes
used
was
a
lottery
ticket（彩票）,
with
a
S10,
$50
or
$100
payout,
and
this
was
as
effective
as
a
tangible
gift
in
persuading
people
to
eat
less.
“The
fact
that
participants
were
willing
to
substitute
part
of
a
food
item
for
the
mere
prospect
of
a
relatively
small
monetary
award
is
interesting,”
says
Reimann.
He
theorizes
that
it
is
the
emotional
component
of
these
intangible
prizes
that
make
them
effective.
In
fact,
vaguely-stated
possibilities
of
winning
a
prize
were
more
effective
than
options
with
hard
odds
included.
“One
explanation
for
this
finding
is
that
possible
awards
may
be
more
emotionally
provoking
than
certainty
awards,”
says
Reimann.
“The
uncertainty
of
winning
provides
added
attraction
and
desirability
through
emotional
‘thrills.’
The
possibility
of
receiving
an
award
also
produces
a
state
of
hope—a
state
that
is
in
itself
psychologically
rewarding.”
In
other
words,
there’s
a
reason
why
people
like
to
gamble.
How
might
this
knowledge
be
used
to
help
people
eat
more
healthily?
One
possibility
is
a
healthy
option
that
offers
the
chance
to
win
a
spa（温泉疗养）weekend.
Or
maybe
the
reward
of
a
half-sized
portion
could
be
a
half-sized
dessert
to
be
claimed
only
on
a
future
date.
That
would
get
you
back
in
the
restaurant—and
make
you
eat
a
little
less.
48.
What
do
we
learn
about
McDonald’s
inclusion
of
toys
in
its
Happy
Meals?
A.
It
may
shed
light
on
people's
desire
to
crack
a
secret.
B.
It
has
proved
to
be
key
to
McDonald’s
business
success.
C.
It
appeals
to
kid’s
curiosity
to
find
out
what
is
hidden
inside.
D.
It
may
be
a
pleasant
way
for
kids
to
reduce
their
food
intake.
49.
What
is
the
finding
of
the
researchers
led
by
Martin
Reimann?
A.
Reducing
food
intake
is
not
that
difficult
if
people
go
to
McDonald’s
more.
B.
Most
kids
and
adults
don’t
actually
feel
hungry
when
they
eat
half
of
their
meal.
C.
Eating
a
smaller
portion
of
food
does
good
to
the
health
of
kids
and
adults
alike.
D
Most
kids
and
adults
would
choose
a
smaller
meal
that
came
with
a
non-food
item.
50.
What
is
most
interesting
in
Martin
Reimann’s
finding?
A.
Kids
preferred
an
award
in
the
form
of
money
to
one
in
the
form
of
a
toy.
B.
Adults
chose
the
smaller
portion
on
the
mere
promise
of
a
future
award.
C.
Both
kids
and
adults
felt
satisfied
with
only
half
of
their
meal
portions.
D.
Neither
children
nor
adults
could
resist
the
temptation
of
a
free
toy.
51.
How
does
Martin
Reimann
interpret
his
finding?
A.
The
emotional
component
of
the
prizes
is
at
work.
B.
People
now
care
more
about
quality
than
quantity.
C.
People
prefer
certain
awards
to
possible
awards.
D.
The
desire
for
a
future
reward
is
overwhelming.
52.
What
can
we
infer
from
Martin
Reimann’s
finding?
A.
People
should
eat
much
less
if
they
wish
to
stay
healthy
and
happy.
B.
More
fast
food
restaurants
are
likely
to
follow
McDonald’s
example.
C.
We
can
lead
people
to
eat
less
while
helping
the
restaurant
business.
D.
More
studies
are
needed
to
find
out
the
impact
of
emotion
on
behavior.
【答案】48.
D
49.
D
50.
B
51.
A
52.
C
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。麦当劳通过给孩子一些小的非食品的玩具，让孩子少进食。通过一系列实验发现，非食品的奖励可以让人们选择小份量食物。
【48题详解】
细节理解题。
根据第一段small
non-food
rewards—like
the
toys
in
McDonald’s
Happy
Meals—stimulate
the
same
reward
centers
in
the
brain
as
food
does可知，对孩子来说，麦当劳快乐餐中的小玩具，
和食物一样，会起到奖励的作用。所以这可能是孩子们减少食物摄入的一种愉快的方式。故选D项。
【49题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段the
majority
of
both
kids
and
adults
opted
for
a
half-sized
portion
when
combined
with
a
prize可知，当有奖品时，大多数小孩和大人都会选择吃一半的量。所以马丁·雷曼领导的研究人员的发现是大多数孩子和成年人会选择一份含有奖励的小餐。故选D项。
【50题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段the
promise
of
a
future
reward
was
enough
to
make
adults
choose
the
smaller
portion可知，对未来奖励的承诺能够使成年人选择更小份量的食物。故选B项。
【51题详解】
细节理解题。根据第六段it
is
the
emotional
component
of
these
intangible
prizes
that
make
them
effective可知，是这些无形奖励的情感因素使其有效。所以马丁·雷曼通过奖励的情感因素在起作用来解释了他的发现。选项A是对文章此句的同义改写。故选A项。
【52题详解】
推理判断题。上文中提到可以通过给人们提供非食物的奖励让人们少进食。文章最后一段提到如何利用这些知识来帮助人们更健康地饮食，如：你可以通过选择健康饮食赢得周末温泉疗养的机会，或者奖励在将来的约会上可以吃一个甜点。根据最后一段That
would
get
you
back
in
the
restaurant—and
make
you
eat
a
little
less可知，采取这种非食物的奖励，让人们既可以到餐馆就餐，又会少吃。所以我们能从马丁·雷曼的发现中推断出我们可以引导人们少吃，同时帮助了餐馆的生意。故选C项。
Section
C
Directions:
Read
the
following
passage.
Fill
in
each
blank
with
a
proper
sentence
given
in
the
box.
Each
sentence
can
be
used
only
once.
Note
that
there
are
two
more
sentences
that
you
need.
Suppose
you
become
a
leader
in
an
organization.
It’s
very
likely
that
you’ll
want
to
have
volunteers
to
help
with
the
organization’s
activities.
_____53_____
Let’s
begin
with
the
question
of
why
people
volunteer.
Researchers
have
identified
several
factors
that
motivate
people
to
get
involved.
For
example,
people
volunteer
to
express
personal
values
related
to
unselfishness,
to
expand
their
range
of
experiences,
and
to
strengthen
social
relationships.
If
volunteer
positions
do
not
meet
these
needs,
people
may
not
wish
to
participate.
_____54_____
People
also
volunteer
because
they
are
required
to
do
so.
To
increase
levels
of
community
service,
some
schools
have
launched
compulsory
volunteer
programs.
Unfortunately,
these
programs
can
shift
people’s
wish
of
participation
from
an
internal
factor
(e.g.,
“I
volunteer
because
it’s
important
to
me”)
to
an
external
factor
(e.g.,
“I
volunteer
because
I’m
required
to
do
so”).
__________55__________
People
must
be
sensitive
to
this
possibility
when
they
make
volunteer
activities
a
must.
Once
people
begin
to
volunteer,
what
leads
them
to
remain
in
their
positions
over
time?
To
answer
this
question,
researchers
have
conducted
follow-up
studies
in
which
they
track
volunteers
over
time.
Having
followed
238
volunteers
in
Florida
over
a
year,
they
have
found
that
one
of
the
most
important
factors
that
influenced
their
satisfaction
as
volunteers
was
the
amount
of
suffering
they
experienced
in
their
volunteer
positions.
This
result
may
lead
to
practical
advice.
The
researchers
note
that
attention
should
be
given
to
“training
methods
that
would
prepare
volunteers
for
troublesome
situations
or
provide
them
with
strategies
for
coping
with
the
problem
they
do
experience”.
______56______
It
was
assumed
that
those
people
for
whom
the
role
of
volunteer
was
most
part
of
their
personal
identity
would
also
be
most
likely
to
continue
volunteer
work.
Participants
indicated
the
degree
to
which
the
social
role
mattered
by
responding
to
statements
such
as
“Volunteering
in
Hospital
is
an
important
part
of
who
I
am.”
Consistent
with
the
researchers’
expectations,
they
found
a
positive
correlation
between
the
strength
of
role
identity
and
the
length
of
time
people
continued
to
volunteer.
A.
Another
study
of
302
volunteers
at
hospitals
in
Chicago
focused
on
individual
differences
in
the
degree
to
which
people
view
“volunteer”
as
an
important
social
role.
B.
To
select
volunteers,
you
may
need
to
understand
the
motivations
of
the
people
you
wish
to
attract.
C.
When
that
happens,
people
become
less
likely
to
volunteer
in
the
future.
D.
So
it
is
of
great
importance
to
study
volunteer
behaviors
and
how
to
organize
volunteer
activities.
E.
To
do
so,
it
should
help
to
understand
why
people
undertake
volunteer
work
and
what
keeps
their
interest
in
the
work.
F.
These
results
also
suggest
that
continued
efforts
might
focus
on
developing
a
volunteer
role
identity.
【答案】53.
E
54.
B
55.
C
56.
A
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了研究人员通过一系列的调查，找出促使人们参加志愿工作的几个因素和促使他们长期对此感兴趣的原因。
【53题详解】
根据空前一句“Suppose
you
become
a
leader
in
an
organization.
It’s
very
likely
that
you’ll
want
to
have
volunteers
to
help
with
the
organization’s
activities.（假设你成为一个组织的领导者。很可能你会希望有志愿者来帮助组织的活动。）”以及下文的分析可知，此处承接上文，讲的是领导者要清楚人们为什么会对从事志愿者工作感兴趣。E选项“To
do
so,
it
should
help
to
understand
why
people
undertake
volunteer
work
and
what
keeps
their
interest
in
the
work.”（要做到这一点，它应该有助于理解为什么人们从事志愿工作和什么使他们对这项工作保持兴趣。）符合题意，故选E项。
【54题详解】
根据上文“If
volunteer
positions
do
not
meet
these
needs,
people
may
not
wish
to
participate.（如果志愿者的职位不满足这些需求，人们可能不愿意参与。）”可知，要想吸引志愿者得知道吸引人的动机。B选项“To
select
volunteers,
you
may
need
to
understand
the
motivations
of
the
people
you
wish
to
attract.”（为了选择志愿者，你可能需要了解你希望吸引的人的动机。）符合题意，故选B项。
【55题详解】
根据下文“People
must
be
sensitive
to
this
possibility
when
they
make
volunteer
activities
a
must.（当人们认为志愿活动是必须的时候，他们必须对这种可能性敏感。）”可知，要调动起人们的主观能动性，因为强制性志愿会使大家拒绝做志愿活动。C选项“When
that
happens,
people
become
less
likely
to
volunteer
in
the
future.”（当这种情况发生时，人们在未来就不太可能去做志愿者了。）符合题意，故选C项。
【56题详解】
根据后文“Consistent
with
the
researchers’
expectations,
they
found
a
positive
correlation
between
the
strength
of
role
identity
and
the
length
of
time
people
continued
to
volunteer.（与研究人员的预期一致，他们发现角色认同的强度和人们继续志愿服务的时间长度之间存在正相关。）”可知，本段研究人员是在做一个关于角色认同的强度和人们继续志愿服务的时间长度之间关系的调查。A选项“Another
study
of
302
volunteers
at
hospitals
in
Chicago
focused
on
individual
differences
in
the
degree
to
which
people
view
“volunteer”
as
an
important
social
role.”（另一项针对芝加哥医院302名志愿者的研究集中在人们将“志愿者”视为重要社会角色的程度上的个体差异。）符合题意，故选A项。
第II卷
Section
A
(20’)
(A)
Directions:
After
reading
the
passages
below,
fill
in
the
blanks
to
make
the
passages
coherent
and
grammatically
correct
For
the
blanks
with
a
given
word,
fill
in
each
blank
with
the
proper
form
of
the
given
word;
for
the
other
blanks,
use
one
word
that
best
fits
each
blank.
Are
Bamboo-Eating
Pandas
Really
Herbivores?
On
the
outside,
giant
pandas
look
like
herbivores
(食草动物).
They
spend
nearly
all
of
their
waking
hours
___57___
(eat)
bamboo.
But
on
the
inside,
they’re
built
like
carnivores
(食肉动物).
About
half
of
the
calories
they
eat
come
from
protein,
according
to
a
new
study.
The
ancestor
of
giant
pandas
were
omnivorous
(杂食的).
They
ate
both
animals
and
plants,
and
had
the
digestive
system
and
gut
bacteria
to
metabolize
(使发生新陈代谢)
them.
They
had
“umami
taste
receptors,”
to
appreciate
the
flavors
of
meat.
However,
about
2.4
million
years
ago,
things
began
to
change.
The
gene
for
their
“umami
taste
receptors”
became
___58___
(active).
Their
jaw
and
teeth
evolved
to
help
them
crush
bamboo,
and
their
wrist
bone
became
capable
of
grasping
the
stalks
(秆)
of
their
favorite
plant.
Scientists
think
pandas
switched
to
eating
bamboo
partly
___59___
they
didn’t
have
to
fight
with
other
animals
to
get
it.
Bamboo
is
high
in
fiber
but
has
a
low
concentration
of
nutrients,
so
pandas
___60___
eat
20
to
40
pounds
of
the
plant
every
day
just
to
get
by.
David
Raubenheimer,
a
nutritional
ecologist
at
the
University
of
Sydney,
and
his
colleagues
put
GPS
trackers
on
two
giant
pandas
and
followed
their
movements
throughout
the
year.
They
discovered
that
the
pandas
followed
the
protein.
Between
August
and
April,
they___61___
(seek)
food
in
low
elevations
(海拔)
on
China’s
Qinling
Mountains.
At
the
start
of
the
cycle,
they
ate
Bashania
fargesii
leaves
___62___
they
got
the
chance
to
feast
on
young
shoots,
which
contained
more
protein.
The
more
the
shoots
grew,
the
more
their
protein
was
diluted
(冲淡)
by
fiber.
That
caused
the
pandas
to
move
to
higher
ground,
___63___
Fargesia
qinlingensis
grew.
First,
they
ate
the
shoots,
but
these,
too,
went
from
being
protein-rich
to
fiber-rich
as
they
grew.
The
pandas
responded
by
switching
to
the
leaves.
They
fed
___64___
them
until
they
went
back
down
the
mountain
and
started
eating
Bashania
fargesii
leaves
again.
The
researchers
found
that
about
half
of
the
calories
the
pandas
ate
were
in
the
form
of
protein.
Scientists
think
the
research
shows
that
pandas
are
very
clever.
“They
can
know
exactly
where
to
go,
and
when
to
go,
so
they
can
get
the
most
of
the
nutrients
___65___
their
ecosystem
can
provide,”
said
Silvia
Pineda-Munoz,
who
was
not
involved
in
the
study.
The
work
also
shows
that
classifying
an
animal
as
herbivore
or
carnivore
is
more
complex
than
one
might
assume.
“It’s
not
___66___
you’re
eating
plants
but
what
part
of
the
plants
you’re
eating,”
said
Pineda-Munoz.
【答案】57.
eating
58.
less
active
59.
because
(不能用
since/as
等，前面有
partly
修饰)
60.
have
to
61.
sought
62.
until
63.
where
64.
on
65.
that
(不能用
which，先行词被最
高级修饰)
66.
whether
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章对大熊猫是草食动物进行了说明。
【57题详解】
考查固定搭配。句意：它们几乎所有醒着的时间都在吃竹子。spend...（in）doing意为“花（时间、金钱）做某事”，为固定搭配。故填eating。
【58题详解】
考查比较级。句意：它们的“鲜味感受器”基因变得不那么活跃。根据前文They
had
“umami
taste
receptors,”
to
appreciate
the
flavors
of
meat.（它们有“鲜味感受器”来品尝肉类的味道。）可知，“鲜味感受器”是用来品尝肉类的味道的，但是后来熊猫主要吃竹子了，所以“鲜味感受器”不那么活跃了，所以应用比较级。故填less
active。
【59题详解】
考查连词。句意：科学家们认为，熊猫转而吃竹子的部分原因是它们不必与其他动物争夺竹子。“they
didn’t
have
to
fight
with
other
animals
to
get
it”是“pandas
switched
to
eating
bamboo”的原因，所以应用because引导原因状语从句。故填because。
【60题详解】
考查动词短语。句意：竹子纤维含量高，但营养含量低，所以熊猫每天要吃20到40磅竹子才能勉强度日。根据“Bamboo
is
high
in
fiber
but
has
a
low
concentration
of
nutrients”可知，熊猫每天不得不吃20到40磅竹子才能勉强度日。表示“不得不”应用have
to
do。故填have
to。
【61题详解】
考查一般过去时。句意：8月到4月，它们在中国秦岭的低海拔地区寻找食物。根据“They
discovered
that
the
pandas
followed
the
protein.
”可知，此处应用一般过去时。故填sought。
【62题详解】
考查连词。句意：在这个周期的开始，它们吃巴夏叶，直到有机会吃到含有更多蛋白质的嫩芽。根据“they
got
the
chance
to
feast
on
young
shoots,
which
contained
more
protein”可知，嫩芽含有更多蛋白质，是更好的食物，所以此处是指直到有机会吃到含有更多蛋白质的嫩芽，应用until表示“直到”，引导时间状语从句。故填until。
【63题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：这导致大熊猫迁往海拔较高的地方，也就是秦岭箭竹生长的地方。定语从句中不缺少主语、宾语或表语，且先行词为higher
ground在定语从句中作地点状语，所以应用关系副词where。故填where。
【64题详解】
考查固定短语和介词。句意：他们一直以它们为食，直到他们下山，又开始吃巴夏叶。feed
on意为“以……为食”，为固定搭配。故填on。
【65题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：它们能准确地知道去哪里，什么时候去，这样它们就能得到生态系统提供的大部分营养。定语从句中缺少provide的宾语，且先行词为nutrients，被最高级修饰，所以应用关系代词that。故填that。
【66题详解】
考查表语从句。句意：关键不在于你是否吃植物，而在于你吃的是植物的哪一部分。it代指前文“The
work
also
shows
that
classifying
an
animal
as
herbivore
or
carnivore
is
more
complex
than
one
might
assume.”（这项研究还表明，将动物分类为草食动物或食肉动物比人们想象的要复杂得多。）提到的将动物分类为草食动物或食肉动物，所以此处是指关键不在于你是否吃植物，而在于你吃的是植物的哪一部分。表示“是否”应用whether引导表语从句。故填whether。
(B)
Directions:
After
reading
the
passages
below,
fill
in
the
blanks
to
make
the
passages
coherent
and
grammatically
correct
For
the
blanks
with
a
given
word,
fill
in
each
blank
with
the
proper
form
of
the
given
word;
for
the
other
blanks,
use
one
word
that
best
fits
each
blank.
Four-mile
Stretches
From
my
home
on
California’s
Monterey
Peninsula,
there
is
no
easy
way
to
get
anywhere.
To
go
north,
for
instance,
to
San
Francisco,
you
take
Highway.
1,
and
proceed
to
101,
also
known
as
the
Freeway
to
Make
You
Lose
Your
Religion.
Most
of
that
route
is
a
multi-lane
road,
___67___
depending
on
weather
and
traffic,
can
either
take
you
where
you’re
going
or
drive
you
out
of
your
mind.
Sometimes
it
does
___68___.
But
the
part
I
dread
most
-
or
___69___
at
one
time
-
is
a
two-lane
stretch
of
156
that
connects
highways
1
and
101.
In
the
South,
where
I
grew
up,
such
roads
are
called
cow
trails
because
they’re
frequented
by
tractors
and
other
slow-moving
vehicles
that
trot
along,
nose
to
tail,
at
bovine
speed;
and
also
because
if
you
get
on
such
a
road,
you’ll
be
___70___
it
until
the
cows
come
home.
In
some
ways,
roads
are
like
people;
they
have
personalities
that
are
shaped
by
how
we
see
them
and
feel
about
them.
I
discovered
that
when
my
first
husband
was
diagnosed
with
cancer
and
we
began
___71___
would
be
a
four-year
pilgrimage
to
Stanford
Medical
Center
for
treatment.
It
was
91
miles
-
two
hours,
give
or
take
-
and
I
hated
every
inch
of
it,
especially,
that
two-lane
bottleneck.
I
did
everything
I
could
to
avoid
it.
I
begged
to
get
appointments
at
off-peak
times,
only
to
end
up
___72___
(stick)
in
rush-hour
traffic
going
home.
I
spent
hours
poring
over
maps
and
drove
miles
out
of
the
way
trying
to
get
around
it,
only
to
realize
it
really
didn’t
matter;
there
was
no
___73___
(get)
around
it.
I
had
no
choice
but
to
drive
it.
But
that
didn’t
mean
I
had
to
like
it.
I
___74___
clench
my
teeth,
grip
the
wheel
and
feel
my
stomach
churn.
Once,
when
running
late
for
an
appointment,
I
muttered,
“I
hate
this
stupid
road.”
I
didn’t
think
my
husband
could
hear
me.
Morphine
is
great
for
pain,
but
it
doesn’t
do
much
for
conversation.
“Four
miles,”
he
said.
I
looked
over.
His
eyes
were
closed.
“What
did
you
say?”
“This
part
of
the
road,”
he
said,
using
his
teaching
voice,
___75___
lecturing
his
high
school
physics
students.
“It’s
only
four
miles
long.
That’s
easy.
You
can
do
anything
for
four
miles.”
I
clocked
it.
He
was
right.
Four
miles
exactly.
I
___76___
(swear)
it
was
20.
And
then
a
strange
thing
happened.
Somehow,
that
drive
got
easier.
I
don’t
mean
it
seemed
easier;
I
mean
it
was.
Sometimes,
when
the
road
ahead
seems
longer
and
harder
than
I
want
it
to
be,
I
break
it
up
in
pieces,
in
my
mind
and
my
heart
and
even
my
soul.
I
divide
it
into
four-mile
stretches
and
take
them
one
at
a
time.
Some
roads
seem
impassable.
But
you
can
do
anything
for
four
miles.
【答案】67.
which
68.
both
69.
did
70.
on
71.
what
72.
stuck
73.
getting
74.
would
75.
as
if
76.
would
have
sworn
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。“我”苦恼于糟糕的交通状况，但是丈夫的话让我明白，有的道路看起来无法通过，但是如果把它分解成一段一段，就可以慢慢通过。
【67题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：这条路线大部分是多车道的道路，取决于天气和交通状况，要么带你去你要去的地方，要么让你发疯。在非限制性定语从句“depending
on
weather
and
traffic,
can
either
take
you
where
you’re
going
or
drive
you
out
of
your
mind”中缺少can的主语，且先行词为road，所以应用关系代词which。故填which。
【68题详解】
考查代词。句意：有时两者兼而有之。根据前文“either
take
you
where
you’re
going
or
drive
you
out
of
your
mind”可知，此处是指有时这两种情况都有，所以应用both代指。故填both。
【69题详解】
考查一般过去时。句意：但我最害怕的部分——或者曾经害怕过的部分——是连接1号和101号高速公路的156路双车道路段。根据at
one
time可知，此处应用一般过去时。前文中已经用了dread，所以此处再次表示“害怕”应用did代替。故填did。
【70题详解】
考查介词。句意：因为如果你在这样一条路上，你会一直在上面直到牛都回家了。此处的it指道路，此处是指会在这条路上待很久，表示在路上应用介词on。故填on。
【71题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：当我第一任丈夫被诊断出患有癌症时，我发现了这一点，于是我们开始了为期四年的斯坦福医学中心的治疗之旅。宾语从句中缺少主语，且是指事物，所以应用what引导。故填what。
【72题详解】
考查过去分词和固定搭配。句意：我请求在非高峰时段预约，结果却被困在回家的高峰时段。stick意为“困住”，和主语I构成被动关系，所以应用过去分词作状语。故填stuck。
【73题详解】
考查动名词。句意：我花了好几个小时仔细研究地图，开了好几英里的车试图绕过它，却发现这真的不管用；这是无法回避的。在no后，此处应用动名词作主语。故填getting。
【74题详解】
考查情态动词。句意：我会咬紧牙关，紧握方向盘，感到胃在翻腾。根据前文“But
that
didn’t
mean
I
had
to
like
it.”（但这并不意味着我必须喜欢它。）可知，此处用would表示一种倾向。故填would。
【75题详解】
考查连词。句意：“这一段路，”他用教学的声音说，好像在给高中物理课的学生讲课。根据“lecturing
his
high
school
physics
students”可知，此处表示“似乎”，应用as
if引导省略句。故填as
if。
76题详解】
考查虚拟语气。句意：我发誓是20英里。根据“Four
miles
exactly.”可知，此处是指与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。故填would
have
sworn。
Section
B
(8’)
Directions:
Complete
the
following
sentences
with
the
help
of
the
Chinese
given.
77.
______________________(他们决定创造一些有长存价值的事物resolve)
so
that
they
can
survive
in
the
competitive
market.
(根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】They
resolve
to
create
something/things
of
enduring
value
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语和时态。句意：他们决心创造具有持久价值的东西，以便在竞争激烈的市场中生存下来。根据提示可知，表示“决定做某事”应用resolve
to
do，表示“创造”可用动词create，表示“有长存价值的”可用介词短语of
enduring
value作后置定语修饰something或things。描述主语现在的状态，用一般现在时。故填“They
resolve
to
create
something/things
of
enduring
value”。
78.
It
never
occurred
to
him
that
___________________________.
(他对青春的美好记忆注定会随着年岁增长变得模糊bound)
(根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】his
fond
memories
of
youth
were
bound
to
be
dim
by
aging
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词和一般过去时。句意：他从来没有想到过，他对青春的美好记忆注定会随着年岁增长变得模糊。表示“美好记忆”可用fond
memories，表示“青春”可用名词youth，根据提示，表示“注定做某事”应用be
bound
to
do，根据“It
never
occurred
to
him”可知，从句中应用一般过去时。表示“模糊的”可用形容词dim。表示“随着年岁增长”可用by
aging。再结合其它句意，故填“his
fond
memories
of
youth
were
bound
to
be
dim
by
aging”。
79.
_________________________(科学家们非常惊讶海豚竟然藏有治愈人们精神疾病的能力
marvel
v),
so
they
decided
to
make
further
exploration.
(根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】Scientists
marveled
at
the
fact
that
Dolphins
should
have
hidden
powers
to
heal
people
with
mental
problems
【解析】
【详解】考查一般过去时、动词短语、同位语从句和情态动词。根据提示可知，此处应用marvel
at表示“对……感到惊讶”。“海豚竟然藏有治愈人们精神疾病的能力”是一个事实，所以用the
fact作宾语，“海豚竟然藏有治愈人们精神疾病的能力”表示为that
fact的同位语从句。同位语从句中不缺少成分和意义，所以用that引导。表示“竟然”应用情态动词should，。表示“藏”应用动词hide，表示“能力”可用名词power，修饰抽象名词power应用to
do不定式。表示“治愈”应用动词heal，表示“有精神疾病的”可用介词短语with
mental
problems，在people后作后置定语。故填“Scientists
marveled
at
the
fact
that
Dolphins
should
have
hidden
powers
to
heal
people
with
mental
problems”。
80.
Only
when
you
are
always
well-prepared
_____________________________
(才能抓住一切可能的机会实现想要的目标
intend)
(根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】can
you
seize
every
possible
chance/
opportunity
to
realize
the
intended
goal/ambition.
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查部分倒装和动词短语。句意：只有当你时刻做好准备，你才能抓住每一个可能的机会来实现既定的目标。当only修饰状语放在句首时，主句应用部分倒装。表示“抓住一切可能的机会”应用seize
every
possible
chance/
opportunity，表示“能”应用情态动词can，根据提示，表示“想要的”应用过去分词intended，抓住机会是为了实现既定的目标，所以应用to
do不定式表目的。表示“实现”应用动词realize，表示“目标”可用名词goal或ambition。故填“can
you
seize
every
possible
chance/
opportunity
to
realize
the
intended
goal/ambition.”。
Section
C
(4’+4’
=8’)
Directions:
Translate
the
following
sentences
into
English,
using
the
words
given
in
the
brackets.
81.
正当她深陷抑郁情绪不可自拔的时候，这位心理学家的话让她明白生命的美好,
这给了她更多面对挫折的勇气。(enlighten,
invest)
(汉译英)
【答案】When
she
plunged
deep
into
depression,
the
psychologist
enlightened
her
on
the
beauty
of
life,
which
invested
her
with
more
courage
to
face
setbacks/frustration.
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查一般过去时、动词短语和定语从句。此处描述过去的事，应用一般过去时。表示“深陷”可用动词短语plung
deep
into，表示“抑郁情绪”可用名词depression，表示“心理学家”可用名词psychologist，根据提示可知，表示“让某人明白某事”可用enlighten
sb
on
sth，表示“生命的美好”可用the
beauty
of
life。表示“这给了她更多面对挫折的勇气”可用定语从句，修饰前面一整句话，关系词在定语从句中作主语，可用关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句。根据提示，表示“给某人某物”可用invest
sb
with
sth。表示“勇气”可用名词courage，表示“挫折”可用setback或frustration，setback为可数名词，应用复数形式，frustration为不可数名词。再结合其它句意，故翻译为“When
she
plunged
deep
into
depression,
the
psychologist
enlightened
her
on
the
beauty
of
life,
which
invested
her
with
more
courage
to
face
setbacks/frustration.”。
82.
她总能够尽力超越现有的不完美，寻求生命的意义，这给所有在场的人留下了深刻的印象。(seek)
(汉译英)
【答案】She
is
always
trying
her
best
to
go
beyond
her
present
imperfections
and
seek
out
the
meaning
of
life,
which
deeply
impresses
people
present./
which
leaves
a
deep
impression
on
people
present.
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查动词短语及定语从句。“尽力”使用动词短语try
one’s
best
to
do
sth.；“超越”使用动词短语go
beyond；“寻求”使用动词短语seek
out；由句中的“她总能够”可知，句子应用现在进行时，表示反复的动作，且表示带有感彩，所以“她总能够尽力超越现有的不完美，寻求生命的意义”译为“She
is
always
trying
her
best
to
go
beyond
her
present
imperfections
and
seek
out
the
meaning
of
life”；“这给在场所有的人留下了深刻的印象”可译为一个非限制性定语从句，先行词指代前句内容，关系词在从句中作主语，故用which引导，“给某人留下深刻印象”使用动词impress，后直接加宾语sb.，或用固定短语leave
a
deep
impression
on
sb.，从句用一般现在时，结合其他汉语提示，故翻译为She
is
always
trying
her
best
to
go
beyond
her
present
imperfections
and
seek
out
the
meaning
of
life,
which
deeply
impresses
people
present./
which
leaves
a
deep
impression
on
people
present.。
