2021年上海高考英语一模阅读理解说明文&议论文类真题汇编（含解析）

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2021年上海高三英语一模阅读理解说明文议论文类汇编
1.宝山区
(C)
Upon
reflection__of_th_e
ideal
social
moral
code,
within
one
sentence,
it
would
be:
be
constructive,
not
destructive.
Though
“be
constructive,
not
destructive”
sounds
sensible,
there
are
many
nuances
(slight
differences).
Sometimes
it
is
difficult
to
determine
if
an
act
is
exactly
constructive
or
destructive.
We
can
decid_e_if_s_omething
is
constructive
or
destructive
based
on
degree,
for
instance.
Say
your
preschool
son
is
acting
up
and
broke
a
glass
vase,
even
after
you
told
him
to
stop
grabbing
and
playing
with
it
several
times.
You
get
a
thought
in
your
mind
to
spank
him
to
give
a
punishment
for
his
naughty
action.
However,
you
start
to
feel
confused
about
whether
this
would
be
constructive
or
destructive.
It
might
show
him
that
not
listening
to
you
and
breaking
things
is
not
welcome,
but
on
the
other
hand,
spanking
him
is
an
act
of
aggression
that
will
hurt
him
physically
and
perhaps
teach
him
to
use
force
in
situations
later
in
life.
There
is
no
exact
wrong
or
right
in
these
moments.
However,
through
your
own
reasoning,
you
can
decide
to
what
degree
it
would
be
beneficial
or
harmful
to
him
and
the
situation
at
hand.
Personally,
I
would
not
spank
my
son,
as
I
think
it
does
more
destruction
than
construction.
But,
that
is
just
me.
Another
n_uance__to
consider
is
the
definition
we
give
to
construction
and
destruction.
For
example,
for
some
people,
construction
can
never
involve
violence,
while
for
others,
it
could
even
be
an
essential
part.
Take
the
example
of
going
back
in
time
and
killing
Hitler.
Killing
someone
is
definitely
termed
a
destructive
act.
However,
in
light
of
the
circumstances,
I
would
assume
that
the
majority
of
people
would
agree
that
killing
Hitler
at
the
height
of
his
power
if
they
had
the
chance
would
be
seen
as
a
constructive,
thus
positive
act.
Therefore,
our
definitions
often
determine
our
values
and
how
we
behave
upon
those
principles.
Additiona_lly,_c_onstruction
and
destruction
can
be
filtered
through
a
sociopolitical
lens.
Construction
can
be
seen
as
good
to
some,
and
bad
to
others.
Take
for
instance
creating
new
homes
in
a
forested
area.
Yes,
homes
for
humans
are
made,
but
also
the
habitat
for
countless
animals
is
being
destroyed,
or
at
least
altered
to
an
extreme.
Construction,
if
it
is
true,
it
should
be
beneficial
to
all
parties
included.
That
is
a
tall
order,
though.
Every
step
we
take
kills
bacteria
and
other
microorganisms—and
perhaps
plants,
insects,
and
who
knows
what
else.
Destruction
can
be
seen
as
a
part
of
each
moment.
Plus,
what
a
majority
might
regard
as
a
constructive
might
be
seen
as
destructive
to
a
minority.
Is
there
a
way
to
determine
which
side
is
correct?
It
is
almost
impossible.
Being
in
the
majority
in
terms
of
a
moral
outlook
does
not
mean
it
is
correct,
or
more
appropriate.
There
have
been
many
instances
in
history
when
acts
were
regarded
as
constructive,
but
were
later
seen
as
destructive
with
a
modern
lens.
Though
I
consi_der_???B_e
constructive,
not
destructive”
the
most
solid
one-sentence
social
moral
code,
it
is
not
without
its
nuances
and
problems.
For
instance,
the
degree
to
which
we
consider
something
constructive
or
destructive,
definitions
of
being
constructive
and
destructive,
and
construction
and
destruction
seen
through
a
sociopolitical
lens
are
all
nuances.
These
differences
consist
of
the
confusion
that
this
ideal
social
moral
code
causes.
However,
I
cannot
imagine
a
better
code
than
the
one
stated
in
this
essay
in
terms
of
living
one’s
life
in
a
social
context.
From
the
a_uthor???_s
view
whether
to
punish
a
kid’s
wrong
doing
or
not
depends
on
what
extent
.
A.it
would
bring
him
benefits
or
harms
B.his
act
is
constructive
or
destructive
C.he
would
modify
his
destructive
behavior
D.his
destructive
result
might
bring
about
64.
The
author
mentions
the
example
of
killing
Hitler
to
show
that
.
A.killing
someone
is
definitely
termed
a
destructive
act
B.killing
Hitler
is
seen
as
a
constructive
and
positive
act
C.the
majority
of
people
would
agree
to
kill
Hitler
D.definitions
of
social
code
decide
our
values
and
principles
65.
What
does
the
underlined
sentence
(paragraph
4)
imply?
A.Construction
and
destruction
can
advance
social
developments.
B.Construction
can
be
seen
as
good
to
some,
and
bad
to
others.
C.What
a
majo_rity_m_ight
regard
as
a
constructive
might
be
seen
as
destructive.
D.Being__in_th_e
majority
in
terms
of
a
moral
outlook
does
not
mean
it
is
correct.
66.
Which
of
the
following
is
the
best
title
of
the
passage?
A.Wrong
or
Right
of
Social
Moral
Code
B.Ideal
Social
Moral
Code
C.Judgment
of
Construction
or
Destruction
D.How
to
Live
One’s
Life
in
a
Social
Context
答案：
63—66ADDB
原文出处：
_https:///samples/academics/essays/reflective/ideal-social-moral-code.html_
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章对行为建设性和破坏性的判断进行了详细讨论。
【详解】
63.细节理_è§?é??????????????_二段倒第二句“However,
through
your
own
reasoning,
you
can
decide
to
what
degree
it
would
be
beneficial
or
harmful
to
him
and
the
situation
at
hand.
”（然而，通过你自己的推理，你可以决定在何种程度上，这将有利于或有害于他和当前的情况。）可知，作者认为是否惩罚一个孩子的错误行为取决于这会带给他的好处或坏处的程度。故选A。
64.推理判断题_??????????????????_最后一句“
Therefore,
our
definitions
often
determine
our
values
and
how
we
behave
upon
those
principles.”（因此，我们的定义往往决定了我们的价值观以及我们在这些原则基础上如何行动。）可推知，作者提到刺杀希特勒的例子来说明社会规范的定义决定了我们的价值观和原则。故选D。【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
65.词句猜测题。_??????????????????_第二句“Being
in
the
majority
in
terms
of
a
moral
outlook
does
not
mean
it
is
correct,
or
more
appropriate.
”（在道德观念上占多数并不意味着它是正确的或者更合适的。）可知，划线句暗示在道德观念上占多数并不意味着它是正确的。故选D。
66.主旨大意题。根据第一_??????????????????_Sometimes
it
is
difficult
to
determine
if
an
act
is
exactly
constructive
or
destructive.”（有时很难确定一个行为究竟是建设性的还是破坏性的。）可知，文章主要是讲对行为建设性和破坏性的判断。“建设性和破坏性的判断”最适合作文章标题。故选B。
2.崇明区
(C)
A
new
study
sug_gests__the
Apple
Watch
was
able
to
identify
abnormal
heart
rates
that
could
be
linked
to
a
serious
heart
condition.21·cn·jy·com
More
than__400,0_00
Apple
Watch
users
volunteered
for
the
study.
It
was
a
project
of
researchers
at
the
Stanford
University
School
of
Medicine.
Apple,
the
American
technology
company,
provided
money
for
the
study.
Results
were
recently
presented
at
a
major
conference
on
heart
health
in
New
Orleans,
Louisiana.21教育名师原创作品
The
re_search_ers
looked
for
signs
of
atrial
fibrillation,
also
called
“a-fib”,
the
most
common
form
of
irregular
heartbeat.
Some
people
with
a-fib
feel
changes
in
their
heartbeat,
while
others
do
not.
Because
of
this,
many
people
do
not
know
they
have
the
condition.
People
with
untreated
a-fib
are
about
five
times
more
likely
to
suffer
a
stroke
(中风).
In
the
United
States,
a-fib
causes
an
estimated
130,000
deaths
and
750,000
hospitalizations
each
year.
People__takin_g
part
in
the
study
wore
the
Apple
Watch
for
extended
periods.
The
devices
contain
an
app
that
continuously
gathers
information
without
users
having
to
do
anything.
It
uses
the
watch’s
light
sensor
technology
to
measure
blood
flow.
The
system
is
designed
to
identify
changes
that
might
show
an
irregular
heartbeat.
The
researcher_s_said_
that
out
of
those
taking
part,
about
2,000
subjects
(实验对象)
received
a
warning
from
the
device
that
they
might
have
a
problem.
Those
individuals
were
then
asked
to
contact
a
doctor,
who
decided
whether
they
should
receive
more
close
watch
for
a
possible
irregular
heartbeat.
Lloyd
Min_or,_he_ad
of
Stanford’s
School
of
Medicine,
said
in
a
statement
that
the
results
show
great
promise
in
using
technology
to
create
“more
predictive
and
preventive
health
care”.
Doctor
Minor
added
that
a-fib
is
just
one
example
of
a
condition
devices
can
help
identify
in
the
future.
“This
study
opens
the
door
to
further
research
into
wearable
technologies
and
how
they
might
be
used
to
prevent
disease
before
it
strikes,”
he
said.
But
so_me_hea_lth
researchers
warned
against
making
any
general
judgements
based
on
the
Apple-financed
study.
They
have
called
for
much
more
research
to
measure
the
effectiveness
of
wearable
devices
to
identify
signs
of
disease.
Richard
Kovacs,
who
was
with
the
American
College
of
Cardiology
and
was
not
involved
with
the
study,
told
the
Associated
Press
that
despite
the
results,
the
Apple
Watch
system
“is
not
perfect.”
He
noted
that
since
the
study
did
not
have
a
comparison
group
getting
regular
ECG
measurements,
there
is
no
way
of
knowing
if
the
device
missed
heartbeat
problems.
This
could
give
users
a
false
sense
of
security,
he
said.
Other
e_xperts_
agreed
that
more
studies
are
needed
before
similar
device-based
health
observation
systems
are
widely
recommended.
63.
What
does
the
new
study
mainly
find
out?
A.
Apple
_Watch__can
warn
of
heart
problems.
B.
Apple
Watch
can
protect
people
against
a-fib.
C.
Abnormal__heart_
rates
can
cause
a
stroke.
D.
Heart
problems
can
be
identified
and
cured.
64.
Apple
Watch
identifies
irregular
heartbeats
by
_____.
A.
mea_suring_
the
wearer’s
heart
rates
B.
sending
information
to
the
wearer
through
an
app
C.
extending
_the_ti_me
of
wearing
it
D.
monitoring
the
wearer’s
bloodstream
65.
Which
of__the_f_ollowing
might
be
what
Lloyd
Minor
means
in
his
statement?
A.
It’s
difficult
for
doctors
to
predict
and
prevent
disease
now.
B.
A-fi_b_is_j_ust
one
example
of
a
condition
that
causes
heart
problems.
C.
Wear_able_t_echnologies
might
identify
and
treat
any
disease
one
day.
D.
T_here_a_re
more
possibilities
of
development
in
wearable
technology.
66.
It
can
be
concluded
from
the
passage
that
_____.
A.
wearable
t_echnol_ogies
are
developing
fast
but
shouldn’t
be
applied
to
medicine
B.
the
study
_result_s
are
inspiring
but
more
proofs
are
needed
to
ensure
the
accuracy
C.
the
_study__is
sponsored
by
a
commercial
company
so
the
results
are
a
little
unfair
D.
device-bas_ed_hea_lth
observation
systems
are
convenient
and
should
be
widely
used
答案：63.
A
64.
D
65.
D
66.
B
题源出处：
_https://learningenglish./a/apple-watch-study-reports-success-identifying-heart-problem/_
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。一项新的研究表明_???è????????è?¨è??_够识别与严重心脏疾病有关的异常心率。文章介绍了这项研究的开展过程，苹果手表能够识别不规则心跳的技术原理以及专家对此的看法。
【63题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“A
n_ew_stu_dy
suggests
the
Apple
Watch
was
able
to
identify
abnormal
heart
rates
that
could
be
linked
to
a
serious
heart
condition.(一项新的研究表明，苹果手表能够识别可能与严重心脏疾病有关的异常心率)”可知，这项新研究发现苹果手表可以警告心脏问题。故选A。
【64题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中“It__uses__the
watch’s
light
sensor
technology
to
measure
blood
flow.
The
system
is
designed
to
identify
changes
that
might
show
an
irregular
heartbeat.(它使用手表的光传感器技术来检测血流。该系统被设计用来识别可能显示不规则心跳的变化)”可知，苹果手表通过监测佩戴者的血流来识别不规则的心跳。故选D。
【65题详解】
推理判断题。根据第六段“L_loyd_M_inor,
head
of
Stanford’s
School
of
Medicine,
said
in
a
statement
that
the
results
show
great
promise
in
using
technology
to
create
“more
predictive
and
preventive
health
care”.
Doctor
Minor
added
that
a-fib
is
just
one
example
of
a
condition
devices
can
help
identify
in
the
future.
“This
study
opens
the
door
to
further
research
into
wearable
technologies
and
how
they
might
be
used
to
prevent
disease
before
it
strikes,”
he
said.(斯坦福大学医学院院长Lloyd
Minor在一份声明中表示，研究结果显示，利用科技创造“更具预见性和预防性的医疗保健”具有巨大前景。迈纳博士补充说，心房纤颤只是未来设备可以帮助识别病情的一个例子。他说:“这项研究为进一步研究可穿戴技术，以及如何利用它们预防疾病打开了大门。”)”可知，Lloyd
Minor的声明的意思是可穿戴技术发展有更多的可能性。故选D。
【66题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第_????????????Ri_chard
Kovacs,
who
was
with
the
American
College
of
Cardiology
and
was
not
involved
with
the
study,
told
the
Associated
Press
that
despite
the
results,
the
Apple
Watch
system
“is
not
perfect.”
He
noted
that
since
the
study
did
not
have
a
comparison
group
getting
regular
ECG
measurements,
there
is
no
way
of
knowing
if
the
device
missed
heartbeat
problems.
This
could
give
users
a
false
sense
of
security,
he
said.(
美国心脏病学会的Richard
Kovacs没有参与这项研究，他告诉美联社，尽管有这些结果，苹果手表系统“并不完美”。他指出，由于该研究没有让对照组定期进行心电图测量，因此无法知道设备是否漏掉了心跳问题。他说，这可能会给用户一种虚假的安全感)”以及最后一段“Other
experts
agreed
that
more
studies
are
needed
before
similar
device-based
health
observation
systems
are
widely
recommended.(其他专家一致认为，在广泛推荐类似的基于设备的健康观察系统之前，还需要进行更多的研究)”可推知，研究结果令人鼓舞，但需要更多的证据来确保准确性。故选B。
3.奉贤区
(C)
The
two-hour
_show_o_n
March
25,
2019
put
on
by
Tim
Cook
may
be
remembered
as
a
milestone
for
the
company
–
and
the
entertainment
industry.
Mr.
Cook
did
not
announce
his
company’s
latest
device.
Instead,
he
unveiled
a
set
of
products
and
services,
including
video
streaming
(在线播放),
news
games
and
even
a
credit
card.
Apple’s
_900_mi_llion
iPhones
worldwide
grant
it
access
to
a
massive
potential
audience.
Analysts
speculate
that
Apple
will
eventually
offer
them
something
similar
to
Amazon
Prime,
where
customers
pay
a
fixed
monthly
fee
for
some
combination
of
news,
games,
cloud
storage,
music
and
video,
and
which
could
possibly
connect
with
the
company’s
iPhone
subscriptions
(订阅).
Apple
TV+,
w_hich_g_ot
prioritized
by
Mr.
Cook,
will
offer
original
programming
in
more
than
100
countries.
The
money
Apple
plans
to
spend
on
original
shows
–
perhaps
$1
billion
to
$2
billion
thus
far
–
is
dwarfed
by
that
of
Netflix,
which
will
spend
as
much
as
$15
billion
this
year
on
original
and
licensed
content,
or
Disney,
whose
own
video-streaming
is
expected
shortly.
But
Apple’s
high-profile
shows
are
for
now
meant
chiefly
to
draw
customers
to
its
universe
of
apps
and
services.
That
includes
subscription
services
for
games,
a
long
list
of
big
American
magazines
and
a
few
newspapers.
You
can
pay
for
it
all
using
your
new
Apple
Card,
developed
with
bankers
at
Goldman
Sachs
(高盛，著名投资银行).
The
credit
card
puts
Apple
in
direct
competition
with
banks:
it
has
no
fees
and
will
give
users
2%
cash
back
on
purchases
made
via
Apple
Pay,
the
company’s
payments
system
–
or
3%
on
purchases
of
Apple
kit
and
service.
Although__Apple_
continues
to
earn
most
of
its
money
from
devices,
its
business
in
services
is
growing
quickly,
accounting
for
nearly
$40
billion
of
revenues
of
$266
billion
in
2018.
The
new
subscription
offering,
which
is
easier
to
click
and
buy
than
their
predecessors
(先前版本),
should
accelerate
that
trend.
Its
new
partners
hope
to
be
along
for
the
ride.
Analysts
at
Goldman
Sachs
estimated
that
Apple
may
turn
10%
of
the
85
million
monthly
users
of
its
free
News
app
into
paying
subscribers,
wining
a
cut
of
newspaper
and
TV
subscriptions
sold
through
its
services.
Some
co_ntent__providers
are
cautious.
The
New
York
Times
and
The
Washington
Post
have
rejected
Apple’s
advances
on
behalf
of
its
news
service.
Netflix
and
Disney
will
not
take
part
in
Apple
TV+,
which
they
view
as
more
a
threat
than
an
opportunity.
63.
The
u_nderli_ned
word
dwarfed
in
paragraph
3
most
probably
means
________.
A.
made
to
appear
insignificant
B.
reduced
to
a
great
extent
C.
limited
to
a
fixed
scale
D.
grown
to
its
full
potential
64.
We
can
infer
from
the
article
that
________.
A.
Appl_e_inve_sted
heavily
in
its
entertainment
services
along
with
its
latest
devices
B.
Apple
Ca_rd_may_
be
favoured
because
it
offers
discounts
on
purchases
of
Apple
products
C.
The
popular_ity_of_
Apple
devices
may
bring
forth
huge
profit
potentials
in
its
new
service
D.
Apple’s
new__move__is
seen
as
an
opportunity
as
well
as
a
threat
by
its
competitors
65.
What
is__most__likely
to
be
further
discussed
if
the
article
continues?21世纪教育网版权所有
A.
What
action
Apple
might
take
to
attract
potential
subscribers.
B.
Who
might
gain
huge
benefits
from
Apple’s
new
service.
C.
How
Goldman
Sachs
won
the
support
from
Mr.
Tim
Cook.
D.
Why
some
companies
are
alert
to
Apple’s
strategy
changes.
66.
What
is
the
best
title
for
this
article?
A.
Tech
Gia_nt_App_le
Stages
New
Moves
B.
A
Great
Challenge
to
the
Entertainment
Industry
C.
The__Enter_tainment
Industry
Calls
for
Cooperation
D.
A
New
Bottleneck
for
Tech
Giant
Apple
答案：63-66
ACDA
题源出处：
_https://business/2019/03/26/with-iphone-sales-slowing-apple-bets-on-video-gaming-news-and-a-credit-card_
【解析】
这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要_?????????è????????_司推出一系列产品和服务，包括在线视频播放、新闻游戏，甚至还有信用卡。分析了这一举措可能带来的影响以及其他公司对此的态度。
【63题详解】
词义猜测题。根据画线词_?????????The_
money
Apple
plans
to
spend
on
original
shows
–
perhaps
$1
billion
to
$2
billion
thus
far”以及后文“Netflix,
which
will
spend
as
much
as
$15
billion
this
year
on
original
and
licensed
content”可知，苹果计划花在原创节目上的10亿到20亿美元的花费——与Netflix花费150亿美元在原创和授权内容上相比，显得微不足道。画线词意思为“显得微不足道”。故选A。
【64题详解】
推理判断题。_??????????????????_“Apple’s
900
million
iPhones
worldwide
grant
it
access
to
a
massive
potential
audience.(苹果在全球拥有9亿部iphone，这让它能够接触到大量潜在用户)”倒数第二段中“Although
Apple
continues
to
earn
most
of
its
money
from
devices,
its
business
in
services
is
growing
quickly,
accounting
for
nearly
$40
billion
of
revenues
of
$266
billion
in
2018.
The
new
subscription
offering,
which
is
easier
to
click
and
buy
than
their
predecessors,
should
accelerate
that
trend.(尽管苹果的大部分收入继续来自设备，但其服务业务正在迅速增长，2018年的营收为2660亿美元，其中近400亿美元来自服务。新的订阅服务比之前的订阅服务更容易点击和购买，应该会加速这一趋势)”以及“Analysts
at
Goldman
Sachs
estimated
that
Apple
may
turn
10%
of
the
85
million
monthly
users
of
its
free
News
app
into
paying
subscribers,
wining
a
cut
of
newspaper
and
TV
subscriptions
sold
through
its
services.(高盛分析师估计，苹果可能会将其免费新闻应用8500万月度用户中的10%转变为付费用户，并从通过其服务出售的报纸和电视订阅中获得分成)”可推知，苹果设备的普及可能为其新服务带来巨大的利润潜力。故选C。
【65题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一_??????Some_
content
providers
are
cautious.
The
New
York
Times
and
The
Washington
Post
have
rejected
Apple’s
advances
on
behalf
of
its
news
service.
Netflix
and
Disney
will
not
take
part
in
Apple
TV+,
which
they
view
as
more
a
threat
than
an
opportunity.(一些内容提供商则持谨慎态度。《纽约时报》和《华盛顿邮报》代表其新闻服务部门拒绝了苹果的要求。Netflix和迪士尼不会参与Apple
TV+，他们认为这更多是一种威胁，而非机遇)”可推知，如果这篇文章继续下去，最有可能进一步讨论为什么一些公司对苹果的战略变化持谨慎态度。故选D。
【66题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“The__two-h_our
show
on
March
25,
2019
put
on
by
Tim
Cook
may
be
remembered
as
a
milestone
for
the
company
–
and
the
entertainment
industry.
Mr.
Cook
did
not
announce
his
company’s
latest
device.
Instead,
he
unveiled
a
set
of
products
and
services,
including
video
streaming,
news
games
and
even
a
credit
card.(
2019年3月25日，Tim
Cook主持的这场两小时展示会可能会被铭记为该公司——以及娱乐业的里程碑。Cook没有宣布公司的最新产品。相反，他推出了一系列产品和服务，包括在线视频播放、新闻游戏，甚至还有信用卡)”结合文章主要介绍了苹果公司推出一系列产品和服务，包括在线视频播放、新闻游戏，甚至还有信用卡。分析了这一举措可能带来的影响以及其他公司对此的态度。可知，A选项“科技巨头苹果公司推出新举措”符合文章标题。故选A。
4.虹口区
(C)
Allan
T.
Dem_aree,__a
retired
executive
editor
of
Fortune
magazine,
gladly
makes
donations
to
Princeton
University,
his
alma
mater.
His
son,
who
also
went
to
Princeton,
points
to
its
endowment
(捐赠基金)
of
$15.8
billion,
and
will
not
give
it
a
penny.
“Why
give
mo_ney_to_
an
institution
that
can
seemingly
live
off
its
interest
when
other
very
deserving
entities
need
money
to
function
tomorrow?”
asked
the
son,
Heath
Demaree,
a
professor
at
Case
Western
Reserve
University
who
instead
donates
to
Virginia
Tech,
where
he
was
a
graduate
student.
His
question
captures
how
the
wealth
collected
by
elite
universities
like
Princeton
through
soaring
endowments
over
the
past
decade
has
widened
the
divide
between
a
small
group
of
dramaticly
wealthy
universities
and
all
others.
The
re_sult_i_s
that
America’s
already
stratified
(形成阶层的)
system
of
higher
education
is
becoming
ever
more
so,
and
the
gap
is
creating
all
sorts
of
tensions
as
the
less
wealthy
colleges
try
to
compete.
Even
state
universities
are
going
into
fund-raising
overdrive
and
trying
to
increase
endowments
to
catch
up.
The
wealthiest__colle_ges
can
tap
their
endowments
to
give
considerable
financial
aid
to
families
earning
$180,000
or
more.
They
can
tempt
star
professors
with
high
salaries
and
hard-to-get
apartments.
They
are
starting
advanced
new
research
laboratories,
expanding
their
campuses
and
putting
up
architecturally
notable
buildings.
Higher
educ_ation__has
always
been
stratified,
but
the
differences
were
never
as
large
as
today.
The
last
decade
brought
a
sea
change,
as
skilled
money
managers
hired
by
the
universities
moved
their
portfolios
(投资组合)
into
high-performing
investments,
and
endowments
skyrocketed.
Until
r_ecentl_y,
top
public
research
universities
could
rely
on
enough
public
subsidy
(补贴)
to
hold
their
own,
when
the
taxpayer
money
was
combined
with
tuition
and
fund-raising.
But
that
world
is
changing.
The
Unive_rsity__of
California,
Berkeley
has
a
$3
billion
endowment,
but
it
is
stretched
across
34,000
students.
And
with
state
budget
cuts
approaching,
Robert
Birgeneau,
its
president,
fears
he
will
no
longer
be
able
to
attract
the
best
professors
and
students.
“It
will
cost__less__for
a
student
from
a
family
with
an
income
of
$180,000
to
go
to
Harvard
than
for
a
student
with
a
family
income
of
$90,000
to
go
to
Berkeley,”
he
said,
taking
into
account
Harvard’s
recent
decision
to
give
more
financial
aid
to
families
earning
up
to
$180,000
annually.
63.
What
do
we
learn
about
Heath
Demaree?
A.
He
donated
to
Virginia
Tech.
B.
He
donated
as
much
as
his
father.
C.
He
donated
to
Princeton
University.
D.
He
donated
to
Case
Western
Reserve
University.
64.
What
is
said
about
state
universities?
A.
They
are
expanding
their
campuses.
B.
They
are
raising
funds
to
increase
endowments.
C.
They
manage
to
attract
elite
professors
and
students.
D.
They
are
starting
sophisticated
new
research
laboratories.
65.
What
c_an_we__learn
about
top
public
research
universities
at
present?
A.
They
can
not
hold
their
own
just
with
state
support.
B.
The
taxpayer
money
is
combined
with
tuition
and
fund-raising.
C.
Despit_e_poss_ible
state
budget
cut,
they
do
not
need
more
endowment.
D.
They__can_d_epend
on
enough
public
subsidy
to
lure
professors
and
students.
66.
What’s
the
best
title
for
the
passage?
A.
Upsides
and
Downsides
of
Endowments
B.
Harvard
or
Berkeley?
C.
Endowments__Widen_
a
Higher
Education
Gap
D.
Farewell
to
Stratified
Endowments
答案：63-66:
ABAC
原文出处：
_http://21?????????è?????/news/ViewInfo.aspx?NewsID=4656_
【解析】
这是一篇说明文_????????????è??è??_明了美国大学的捐赠基金扩大了高等教育之间的差距这一社会现象，这种差距正在造成各种紧张局势，即使是州立大学也在努力筹集资金，试图增加捐赠资金以迎头赶上。
【63题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段_??????Heat_h
Demaree,
a
professor
at
Case
Western
Reserve
University
who
instead
donates
to
Virginia
Tech,
where
he
was
a
graduate
student.(凯斯西储教授Heath
Demaree向弗吉尼亚理工大学捐款，他在那里读研究生)”可知，Heath
Demaree向弗吉尼亚理工大学进行了捐赠。故选A。
【64题详解】
细节理解题。根据_???????????????E_ven
state
universities
are
going
into
fund-raising
overdrive
and
trying
to
increase
endowments
to
catch
up.(即使是州立大学也在努力筹集资金，试图增加捐赠资金以迎头赶上)”可知，州立大学正在筹集资金以增加捐赠。故选B。
【65题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第_????????????Un_til
recently,
top
public
research
universities
could
rely
on
enough
public
subsidy
to
hold
their
own,
when
the
taxpayer
money
was
combined
with
tuition
and
fund-raising.
But
that
world
is
changing.(直到最近，当纳税人的钱与学费和筹款相结合时，顶尖的公立研究型大学还可以依靠足够的公共补贴维持自己的办学规模。但这个世界正在改变。)”可推知，目前顶尖的公立研究型大学要仅靠国家的支持，无法维持办学。故选A。
【66题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段中_???His_q_uestion
captures
how
the
wealth
collected
by
elite
universities
like
Princeton
through
soaring
endowments
over
the
past
decade
has
widened
the
divide
between
a
small
group
of
dramaticly
wealthy
universities
and
all
others.(他的问题反映出，过去10年，像普林斯顿这样的精英大学通过不断飙升的捐赠资金积累的财富，是如何拉大了少数极其富有的大学与其他所有大学之间的鸿沟的)”结合文章主要说明了美国大学的捐赠基金扩大了高等教育之间的差距这一社会现象，这种差距正在造成各种紧张局势，即使是州立大学也在努力筹集资金，试图增加捐赠资金以迎头赶上。可知，C选项“捐赠基金扩大了高等教育的差距”最符合文章标题。故选C。
5.黄浦区
(C)
In
the
anc_ient_w_orld,
the
practice
of
medicine
was
inescapably
linked
to
supernatural
belief
and
magic.
That
was
until
the
Greeks
made
advances
in
the
field
and
brilliant
figures
such
as
Hippocrates
laid
the
foundations
for
our
medicine
today.
Recognized
as
the
father
of
modern
medicine,
Hippocrates
realised
what
seems
obvious
to
us
today—that
the
observation
and
noting
of
symptoms
is
primary.
He
travelled
across
Greece
teaching
medicine,
encouraging
the
view
that
disease
had
physical,
not
supernatural,
explanations.
Medical
students__still_
take
the
Hippocratic
Oath,
a
formal
promise
made
by
new
doctors
that
they
will
follow
the
standards
set
by
their
profession
and
try
to
preserve
life,
swearing
to
use
their
skills
to
heal
and
do
no
harm.
One
of
Hippocrates’
theories
was
of
the
‘four
humours’,
a
belief
that
disease
was
caused
by
an
imbalance
of
the
four
liquids
supposedly
contained
in
the
human
body—blood,
phlegm,
and
black
and
yellow
bile(a
liquid
produced
by
your
organ
which
helps
you
to
digest
fat).
Blood-lettin_g_was__a
common
response
to
illness
and
was
used
until
only
150
years
ago
in
the
mistaken
belief
that
it
would
restore
the
body’s
internal
balance.
But
while
the
Greeks
may
have
been
wrong
about
the
bleeding
and
the
bile,
they
were
still
the
first
civilization
to
understand
that
diseases
could
be
treated
by
using
careful
observation
and
logical
thought.
Aristotle,
p_olitic_al
theorist,
philosopher
and
teacher,
also
studied
the
natural
world
from
a
scientific
point
of
view.
He
was
the
first
to
classify
organisms,
and
although
his
method
may
seem
simple
now,
he
divided
them
into
two
basic
categories,
as
either
plant
or
animal—he
was
the
first
to
do
so.
Aristotle
valued
experimentation
and
discovered
that
evaporation,
the
process
of
becoming
a
vapour,
turned
salt
water
into
fresh
water.
He
was
also
a
believer
in
the
theory
that
all
matter
is
composed
of
four
elements—fire,
earth,
water
and
air.
Hippocrat_es_bel_ieved
the
four
humours,
related
to
the
four
liquids
in
the
body,
were
each
in
line
with
an
organ,
a
season
and
with
different
moods.
The
four
were
based
on
the
Greeks’
idea
of
four
base
elements
(air,
water,
fire,
earth).
Although
discredited
now,
the
humours
formed
the
basis
of
western
medicine
until
the
18th
century.
They
were:
-
Blood
from
the
liver:
associated
with
Spring;
with
courage
and
hope
-
Phlegm
from
brain
and
lungs:
Winter;
calm
and
unemotional
-
Yellow
bile
from
gall
bladder
(胆囊):
Summer;
anger
and
bad
temper
-
Black
bile
from
spleen(脾脏):
Autumn;
with
blue
and
dark
mood
63.
Which
of
the
following
is
NOT
TRUE
according
to
the
passage?
A.
It
_was_th_e
Greeks
that
made
advances
in
the
field
of
practice
of
medicine
in
the
ancient
world.
B.
The
_Hippoc_ratic
Oath
is
a
formal
promise
made
by
new
doctors
to
swear
their
responsibilities.
C.
Hippocra_tes_th_ought
disease
was
caused
by
an
imbalance
of
the
four
liquids
contained
in
the
human
body.
D.
Hippocra_tes_wa_s
the
first
to
believe
diseases
could
be
treated
by
careful
observation
and
logical
thought.
64.
T_he_pra_ctice
of
blood-letting
was
based
on
the
belief
that
____________.
A.
the
blood
was
polluted
by
viruses
B.
the
human
body
was
not
evenly
balanced
C.
the
patient
was
in
a
bad
humour
D.
too
much
blood
was
bad
for
people
65.
How
did
_Aristo_tle
find
out
that
salt
water
can
be
turned
into
fresh
water?
A.
He
studied
many
books
from
a
scientific
point
of
view.
B.
He
drew
t_he_con_clusion
according
to
the
two
basic
categories.
C.
He__made__the
discovery
based
on
conducting
experiments
himself.
D.
He
believed
that
all
matter
consists
of
four
base
elements.
66.
Why
is
Hippocrates
considered
the
founder
of
modern
medicine?
A.
_He_pro_ved
that
there
are
four
base
elements
in
all
matter
in
the
world.
B.
_He_sho_wed
the
procedure
of
how
the
four
bodily
liquids
affected
moods.
C.
He__insis_ted
that
almost
all
diseases
had
supernatural
explanations.
D.
He
_recogn_ized
the
importance
of
the
observation
and
noting
of
symptoms.
答案：63-66
DBCD
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了现代医学之父希波克拉底对现代医学的历史贡献。
【63题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段最_????????????Bu_t
while
the
Greeks
may
have
been
wrong
about
the
bleeding
and
the
bile,
they
were
still
the
first
civilization
to
understand
that
diseases
could
be
treated
by
using
carefully
observation
and
logical
thought.”（尽管希腊人关于流血和胆汁的说法可能是错误的，但他们仍然是第一个理解到疾病可以通过仔细观察和逻辑思维来治疗的文明。）可知，是其他希腊人而不是希波克拉底第一个相信疾病可以通过仔细观察和逻辑思维来治疗的人。所以D项是不正确的。故选D项。
【64题详解】
推理判断题。根据第_??????????????????_Blood-letting
was
a
common
response
to
illness
and
was
used
until
only
150
years
ago
in
the
mistaken
belief
that
it
would
restore
the
body's
internal
balance.”（放血是对疾病的一种常见反应，直到150年前，人们还误以为放血能恢复人体内部平衡。）可知，放血疗法的信念基于人体内部并不平衡。故选B项。
【65题详解】
细节理解题。根据第_????????????Ar_istotle
valued
experimentation
are
discovered
that
evaporation,
the
process
of
becoming
a
vapour,
turned
salt
water
into
fresh
water.”（
亚里士多德有价值的实验被发现，蒸发，即变成蒸汽的过程，把盐水变成淡水。）可知，亚里士多德是在他自己进行的实验基础上得出这个发现的。故选C项。
【66题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“Re_cogniz_ed
as
the
father
of
modern
medicine,
Hippocrates
realised
what
seems
obvious
to
us
today
--
that
the
observation
and
noting
of
symptoms
is
primary.
”（
希波克拉底被公认为现代医学之父，他意识到现在对我们来说显而易见的事实——对症状的观察和记录是重要的。）可知，希波克拉底之所以被认为是现代医学的创始人，是因为他认识到观察和记录症状的重要性。故选D项。
6.嘉定区
(C)
The
Australian__envir_onment
department
has
not
finalised
a
single
recovery
plan
for
threatened
species
in
nearly
18
months.
The
last
time
the
department
completed
a
recovery
plan
was
in
June
last
year.
And
the
department
says
it
has
no
time
frame
for
addressing
the
other
requests
for
recovery
plans,
which
include
the
critically
endangered
animal
Leadbeater’s
possum
(澳洲负鼠).
Recovery
pl_ans_ar_e
documents
that
outline
key
facts
about
endangered
animals
and
plants,
threats
to
their
survival,
and
what
should
be
done
to
prevent
their
extinction.
Under
national
laws,
it
is
the
environment
minister
who
decides
whether
a
species
requires
a
recovery
plan.
Once
a
plan
is
adopted,
the
minister
cannot
make
any
changes
that
might
harm
the
plan.
It
has
been
previously
reported
that
less
than
40%
of
the
listed
threatened
species
have
a
recovery
plan.
A
further
10%
have
been
identified
as
requiring
a
recovery
plan
but
those
plans
haven’t
been
developed.
The
Austra_lian_C_onservation
Foundation
said
the
exposure
was
“shocking”
and
accused
the
department
of
prioritizing
the
economic
development
over
environmental
protection.
“The
fact
that
iconic
(最具代表性的)
species
like
the
possum
still
don’t
have
a
recovery
plan
highlights
how
broken
the
system
is,”
James
Trezise,
a
policy
analyst
at
the
Foundation,
said.
“It
is
a
critical
issue
that
the
development
and
implementation
of
these
plans
seem
to
be
optional.
These
plans
should
be
developed,
as
required
by
law,
and
their
implementation
should
be
funded.”
Trezise
said
_the_si_gnificant
delay
in
developing
the
plans
stood
“in
sharp
contrast”
to
the
government’s
rush
to
carry
out
environmental
assessments
for
major
projects
like
the
one
for
the
mining
company
Rio
Tinto.
“The
department’s
priorities
are
all
wrong,”
he
said.
“They
can
bring
bills
before
the
congress
for
mining
projects
that
harm
the
environment,
but
they
can’t
get
just
one
recovery
plan
for
a
threatened
species
completed.”
He
said
the
de_lays_w_ould
push
more
species
closer
to
extinction.
He
called
on
the
government
to
urgently
address
the
issue
and
commit
more
resources
to
recovery
planning.
But
for
now,
officials
could
not
tell
when
the
delays
would
be
addressed,
saying
it
would
“take
a
very
long
time”.
Emma
Campbell,
a
senior
official,
said
the
department
was
working
with
an
independent
scientific
committee
to
“reevaluate”
which
species
should
have
a
recovery
plan.
63.
The__under_lined
phrase
“the
exposure”
(Line
1,
Para
3)
refers
to
______________.
A.
the
coming
extinction
of
many
endangered
animals
B.
the
lack
of
funding
for
the
implementation
of
the
plan
C.
the
denial
of
the
critical
situation
facing
some
species
D.
the
government’s
delay
in
developing
recovery
plans
64.
Which
of
the
following
is
TRUE
about
recovery
plans?
A.
They
can
be
changed
as
the
environment
minister
likes.
B.
They
can
help
prevent
endangered
animals
from
going
extinct.【出处：21教育名师】
C.
They
document
how
endangered
animals
interact
with
humans.
D.
They
cover
more
than
half
of
the
threatened
species.
65.
What
can
be
inferred
from
the
passage?
A.
The
government
has
not
done
enough
about
the
recovery
plans.
B.
The
endangered
animal
possum
will
be
extinct
in
18
months.
C.
The
government
prioritizes
Rio
Tinto
over
mining
projects.
D.
The
independent
committee
is
vital
to
addressing
the
issue.
66.
What
might
be
the
best
title
of
the
passage?
A.
Enviro_nment__department
accepting
bribes
B.
Endangered
animal
protection
with
no
funding
C.
Thr_eatene_d
species
at
risk
with
no
recovery
plans
D.
Government
forming
tense
relationship
with
the
public
答案：63-66
DBAC
原文出处：
_https:/theguardian.com/environment/2020/oct/19/australian-threatened-species-at-risk-due-to-government-inaction-over-backlog-of-recovery-plans_
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了澳大利亚环境部门没有及时制定并实施针对濒危物种的恢复计划，这导致了包括澳洲负鼠等许多濒危物种面临灭绝的风险。
【63题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第二段关键句_???It_ha_s
been
previously
reported
that
less
than
40%
of
the
listed
threatened
species
have
a
recovery
plan.
A
further
10%
have
been
identified
as
requiring
a
recovery
plan
but
those
plans
haven’t
been
developed.”（此前有报道称，不到40%的濒危物种有恢复计划。另有10%被确定需要恢复计划，但这些计划尚未制定。）可知，在已知的濒危物种中，只有40%有恢复计划，10%被确定需要恢复计划，但计划仍然没有被制定，由此可知，政府针对濒危物种的救助方面的措施是缓慢且拖延的。由此可推断出，划线短语表示的是“政府迟迟没有制定恢复计划”，正是这一举动“令人震惊”，The
Australian
Conservation
Foundation指责将经济发展置于环境保护之上的行为。故选D项。
【64题详解】
细节理解题。根_???????????????é??_句“Recovery
plans
are
documents
that
outline
key
facts
about
endangered
animals
and
plants,
threats
to
their
survival,
and
what
should
be
done
to
prevent
their
extinction.”（恢复计划是概述濒危动植物的关键事实、对它们生存造成威胁的是什么以及应该采取什么措施来防止它们灭绝的文件。）可知，恢复计划告诉我们哪些动植物濒临灭绝，对它们生存造成威胁的是什么，我们应该怎样做才能防止它们灭绝。由此可知，恢复文件可以帮助防止濒危动物灭绝。故选B项。
【65题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段Ja_mes_Tr_ezise的话“He
called
on
the
government
to
urgently
address
the
issue
and
commit
more
resources
to
recovery
planning.
But
for
now,
officials
could
not
tell
when
the
delays
would
be
addressed,
saying
it
would
“take
a
very
long
time”.”（他呼吁政府紧急解决这一问题，并投入更多资源用于恢复计划。但目前，官员们还无法判断何时能解决这些延误问题，他们表示，这将“需要很长时间”。）可知，政府对恢复计划所做出的努力是不够的，他们应该投入更多资源用于恢复计划，并且需要及时解决这些问题。由此可推断出，政府对恢复计划做得还不够。故选A项。
【66题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一_??????The__Australian
environment
department
has
not
finalised
a
single
recovery
plan
for
threatened
species
in
nearly
18
months.”（在近18个月的时间里，澳大利亚环境部尚未敲定一份濒危物种的恢复计划）结合全文内容，可知这篇文章主要介绍了澳大利亚环境部门没有及时制定并实施针对濒危物种的恢复计划，这导致了包括澳洲负鼠等许多濒危物种面临灭绝的风险。“Threatened
species
at
risk
with
no
recovery
plans”意为“濒危物种没有恢复计划”，能够概括文章的主要内容，最适合作文章标题。故选C项。
7.金山区
(C)
A
recent
surv_ey_con_ducted
by
the
Pew
Research
Centre
showed
that
a
mere
16%
of
Americans
think
that
a
four-year
degree
course
prepares
students
very
well
for
a
high-paying
job
in
the
modern
economy.
But
technology
also
seems
to
be
complicating
the
picture.
A
paper
publi_shed_b_y
a
trio
(三人小组)
of
Canadian
economists,
Paul
Beaudry,
David
Green
and
Benjamin
Sand,
questions
optimistic
assumptions
about
demand
for
non-routine
work
and
shows
that
since
2000
the
share
of
employment
accounted
for
by
high-skilled
jobs
in
America
has
been
falling.
This
analysis?supports?the
view
that
technology
has
come
as
a
blow
to?employment.
Skilled
and
unskilled
workers
alike
are
in
trouble.
Those
with
a
better
education
are
still
more
likely
to
find
work,
but
there
is
now
a
fair
chance
that
it
will
be
unenjoyable.
Those
who
never
made
it
to
college
face?being
squeezed
out
of?the
workforce
altogether.
This
is
the
argument
of
the
techno-pessimists.
There
is
an_other,_
less?pessimistic?possibility.
James
Bessen,
an
economist
at
Boston
University,
finds
that
since
1980
employment
has
been?growing
faster
in
occupations
that
use
computers
than
in
those
that
do
not.?Partial
automation
can
actually
increase
demand
by
reducing
costs.
But
even
though
technology
may
not
destroy
jobs?in
all,
it
does
force
change
upon
many
people.
In
many
occupati_ons_it_
has
become
essential
to
acquire
new
skills
as
established
ones
become
out-of-date.
Burning
Glass
Technologies,
a
Boston-based
startup
that
analyses
labor
markets
by?obtaining?data
from
online
job
advertisements,
finds
that
the
biggest
demand
is
for
new
combinations
of
skills—what
its
boss,
Matt
Sigelman,
calls
“hybrid
jobs”.??The
composition
of
new
jobs
is
also
changing
rapidly.
A
college__degre_e
at
the
start
of
a
working
career
does
not
answer
the
need
for
the
continuous
acquisition
of
new
skills,
especially
as
career
spans
(持续时间)
are
lengthening.
Vocational
training
is
good
at
giving
people
job-specific
skills,
but
those,
too,
will
need
to
be
updated
over
and
over
again
during
a
career
lasting
decades.
Vocational
training
has
a
role,
but
training
someone
early
to
do
one
thing
all
their
lives
is
not
the
answer
to
lifelong
learning.
Add
all
of__this__up,
and
it
becomes
clear
that
times
have
got
tougher
for
workers
of
all
kinds.
A
college
degree
is
still
a
prerequisite
(必备条件)
for
many
jobs,
but
employers
often
do
not
trust
it
enough
to
hire
workers
just?on
the
strength
of?that,
without
experience.
In
many
occupations
workers
on
company
payrolls
face
the
prospect
that
their
existing
skills
will
become
outdated,
yet
it
is
often
not
obvious
how
they
can
gain
new
ones.
63.
We
can
lea_rn_fro_m
the
paper
conducted
by
the
Canadian
economists
that
____________.
A.
employment
has
been
shaken
by
technology
B.
college
degree
is
a
necessity
in
career
success
C.
ski_lled_w_orkers
are
no
longer
required
in
most
American
industries
D.
_techno_-pessimism
paves
the
way
for
future
technology
development
64.
James
Bessen
believes
that
____________.
A.
increased
demand
can
bring
about
cost
reduction
B.
progressive
automation
is
beneficial
to
companies
C.
technology
advancement
has
a
positive
impact
on
most
people
D.
computer
has
always
been
an
essential
factor
in
employment
65.
Bur_ning_G_lass
Technologies
is
mentioned
as
an
example
to
show
that
____________.
A.
online
job
advertisements
require
a
precise
data
analysis21·世纪
教育网
B.
acquisition
of
new
skills
is
essential
in
current
job
market
C.
the
composition
of
new
jobs
is
shaped
by
technology
D.
Matt
Sigelman
predicts
a
bright
future
of
job
market
66.
Which
of
the
following
is
the
best
title
for
the
text?
A.
L_ifelon_g
Learning:
an
Economic
Priority
B.
Technology
Revolution:
the
Way
to
Success
C.
Colleg_e_Degr_ee:
a
Guarantee
for
Career
Change
D.
Vocational
Training:
a
Blessing
for
Job
Seekers
答案：63-66
ABBA
原文出处：
_https:///special-report/2017/01/12/lifelong-learning-is-becoming-an-economic-imperative_
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了在现代经济时代大学文凭仍然是找工作的先决条件，但是现有技术可能会过时，要不断获取新技能。
【63题详解】
细节理解题。根据_????????????Th_is
analysis
supports
the
view
that
technology
has
come
as
a
blow
to
employment.（这一分析支持了一种观点，即技术已经对就业造成了打击。）”可知，我们可以从加拿大经济学家的论文中了解到就业受到了科技的冲击。故选A项。
【64题详解】
细节理解题。根据_????????????Ja_mes
Bessen,
an
economist
at
Boston
University,
finds
that
since
1980
employment
has
been
growing
faster
in
occupations
that
use
computers
than
in
those
that
do
not.
Partial
automation
can
actually
increase
demand
by
reducing
costs.（波士顿大学的经济学家James
Bessen发现，自1980年以来，使用电脑的职业的就业增长速度比不使用电脑的职业要快。部分自动化实际上可以通过降低成本来增加需求。）”可知，渐进式自动化对公司有益。故选B项。
【65题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“In
m_any_oc_cupations
it
has
become
essential
to
acquire
new
skills
as
established
ones
become
out-of-date.
Burning
Glass
Technologies,
a
Boston-based
startup
that
analyses
labor
markets
by
obtaining
data
from
online
job
advertisements,
finds
that
the
biggest
demand
is
for
new
combinations
of
skills—what
its
boss,
Matt
Sigelman,
calls
“hybrid
jobs”.（在许多职业中，由于现有技能已经过时，获得新技能已成为必要。波士顿的新兴公司Burning
Glass
Technologies通过获取网上招聘广告的数据来分析劳动力市场，发现市场对新技能组合的需求最大——该公司老板Matt
Sigelman称之为“混合工作”。）”可知，以Burning
Glass
Technologies为例说明了在目前的就业市场上，获得新技能是必不可少的。故选B项。
【66题详解】
主旨大意题。根_?????????????????¨_现代经济时代大学文凭仍然是找工作的先决条件，但是现有技术可能会过时，要不断获取新技能。可知，在现代经济时代首先要注意的是终身学习。A选项“终身学习:经济上的优先”最适合作文章标题。故选A项。
8.静安区
(C)
If
you’ve
e_ver_ta_ken
a
class
in
drawing,
painting
or
pottery
and
in
spite
of
your
best
effort,
couldn’t
make
the
final
result
look
anything
like
the
model
shown,
you
may
have
thought,
“I
don’t
have
a
creative
bone
in
my
body.”
Accordi_ng_to__some
scientists,
who
for
the
past
20
years
have
put
the
elusive
subject
of
creativity
through
the
rigors
of
research,
you
are
underrating
yourself.
Da
Vinci
you
may
never
be,
but
when
it
comes
to
creativity,
we
are
all
somewhat
blessed.
It’s
learning
to
foster
this
unique
tool
of
extraordinary
productivity,
and
then
applying
it
in
everything
you
do,
that
counts
to
tell
you
from
figures
like
Da
Vinci.
“Even
if__we_do_n’t
have
the
good
fortune
to
discover
a
new
chemical
element
or
write
a
great
story,
the
love
of
the
creative
process
for
its
own
sake
is
available
to
all,”
says
Mihaly
Csikszentmihalyi
in
Creativity:
Flow
and
Psychology
of
Discovery
and
Invention.
Most
pe_ople_b_elieve
the
realm
of
creativity
has
been
awarded
to
those
perceived
to
have
special
talent.
We
look
upon
these
“creative
geniuses,”
as
we
often
call
them,
with
awe
and
a
bit
of
envy.
Their
abilities,
most
people
assume,
are
bestowed
by
good
genes,
or,
as
if
in
Greek
mythology,
from
some
kind
of
divine
inspiration.
There
is
no
argu_ment_t_hat
the
world
is
never
short
of
highly
talented
and
creative
people.
They
are
masters
of
their
trades
and
stand
heads-and-shoulders
above
commoners,
making
new
pathways
for
others
to
follow,
and
providing
greater
context
and
understanding
of
our
world.
It
could
be
said
that
without
creativity
humanity
would
not
evolve
so
rapidly.
But
like
a
publi_cly_re_cognized
creative
baseball
player
who
hones
his
skill
through
years
of
continuous
training,
foregoing
other
pursuits
for
the
sole
passion,
people
who
show
the
slightest
reluctance
for
arduous
labor
are
bound
to
witness
their
boasted
ability
disappear.
After
closely
_studyi_ng
91
creative
and
influential
people,
including
novelists,
playwrights,
composers,
musicians
and
scientists,
Csikszentmihalyi
concludes
that
no
one
would
ignore
the
sweat
they
shed
and
their
almost
insane
willingness
to
follow
their
creative
endeavor
to
the
very
end,
wherever
that
may
be.
These
are
the
very
things
we
all
can
master,
so
long
as
we’d
like
to.
It’s
widely
believed
that
creativity
comes
from
.
good
training
people
receive
from
artistic
classes
the
tool
we
learn
from
masters
like
Da
Vinci
the
inborn
genes
or
relevant
gifts.
certain
Greek
historical
textbooks
Which
of
the
following
statements
is
TRUE
according
to
the
passage?
Common
people
rather
than
creative
ones
lead
in
various
professions.
People’s
admiration
of
geniuses
makes
humanity
develop
quickly.
The
field
of
baseball
requires
more
gifts
than
hard
work.
The
essence
of
creativity
lies
in
devotion
and
effort
The
underlined
word
foregoing
is
closest
in
meaning
to
.
A.
giving
up
B.
combining
C.
referring
to
D.
extending
What
is
the
passage
mainly
about?
How
ordinary
people
and
scientists
view
things
differently.
People’s
misunderstanding
of
creativity
and
its
true
nature.
The
reasons
for
the
development
of
various
trades
and
humanity.
Ordinary
pe_ople???s_
unwillingness
to
follow
the
examples
of
creative
ones.
答案：63-66
CDAB
原文出处：
_https://21?????????è?????creativity-/main/media/imagine.magazine.html_
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。_?????????è????????_了人们普遍认为创造力是一种天赋其实是一种误解，科学家验证了创造力是与人的辛苦付出分不开的。只要人们愿意付出艰辛努力，创造力是可以掌握的。
【63题详解】
细节理解题。_??????????????????_段“Most
people
believe
the
realm
of
creativity
has
been
awarded
to
those
perceived
to
have
special
talent.
We
look
upon
these
“creative
geniuses,”
as
we
often
call
them,
with
awe
and
a
bit
of
envy.
Their
abilities,
most
people
assume,
are
bestowed
by
good
genes,
or,
as
if
in
Greek
mythology,
from
some
kind
of
divine
inspiration.”。可知，大多数人认为，创造力是授予那些被认为有特殊才能的人的。我们带着敬畏和些许嫉妒看待这些我们通常称之为“创造性天才”的人。大多数人认为，他们的能力来自于良好的基因，或者，就像希腊神话中那样，来自于某种神圣的灵感。由此可知，人们普遍认为，创造力来自与生俱来的基因或相关的天赋。故选C项。
【64题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第六段内_??????But__like
a
publicly
recognized
creative
baseball
player
who
hones
his
skill
through
years
of
continuous
training,
foregoing
other
pursuits
for
the
sole
passion,
people
who
show
the
slightest
reluctance
for
arduous
labor
are
bound
to
witness
their
boasted
ability
disappear.”可知，通过多年的持续艰苦训练才会成就有创造力的棒球运动员，而对于没有坚持艰苦付出和努力的人是不会再有所夸耀的“创造力”的。选项D“The
essence
of
creativity
lies
in
devotion
and
effort.(创造力的本质在于奉献和努力。)”为贴合文章内容的合理论述。故选D项。
【65题详解】
词义猜测题。分析可知，划线单词_?????¨???è?????f_oregoing
other
pursuits
for
the
sole
passion”中“the
sole
passion”应是指前文“But
like
a
publicly
recognized
creative
baseball
player
who
hones
his
skill
through
years
of
continuous
training”提及的“baseball”，棒球运动，由此可知，一个有创造力的棒球运动员应是为了棒球运动这一目标而不断努力训练，从而会放弃其他的“爱好”。由此可推知，“foregoing”应是“放弃”含义，与选项A“giving
up”含义一致。故选A项。
【66题详解】
主旨大意题。通过阅读文章可知_??????????????????_内容“According
to
some
scientists,
who
for
the
past
20
years
have
put
the
elusive
subject
of
creativity
through
the
rigors
of
research,
you
are
underrating
yourself.
Da
Vinci
you
may
never
be,
but
when
it
comes
to
creativity,
we
are
all
somewhat
blessed.(根据一些科学家的说法，在过去的20年里，他们把创造力这个难以捉摸的课题通过了严格的研究，你低估了自己。你也许永远不会成为达芬奇，但说到创意，我们都多少有点福气。)”根据文章第四段“Most
people
believe
the
realm
of
creativity
has
been
awarded
to
those
perceived
to
have
special
talent.
We
look
upon
these
“creative
geniuses,”
as
we
often
call
them,
with
awe
and
a
bit
of
envy.
Their
abilities,
most
people
assume,
are
bestowed
by
good
genes,
or,
as
if
in
Greek
mythology,
from
some
kind
of
divine
inspiration.”。可知，大多数人认为，创造力是授予那些被认为有特殊才能的人的。我们带着敬畏和些许嫉妒看待这些我们通常称之为“创造性天才”的人。大多数人认为，他们的能力来自于良好的基因，或者，就像希腊神话中那样，来自于某种神圣的灵感。根据最后一段“Csikszentmihalyi
concludes
that
no
one
would
ignore
the
sweat
they
shed
and
their
almost
insane
willingness
to
follow
their
creative
endeavor
to
the
very
end,
wherever
that
may
be.
These
are
the
very
things
we
all
can
master,
so
long
as
we’d
like
to.”Csikszentmihalyi总结说，没有人会忽视他们所流下的汗水，以及他们近乎疯狂的意愿，去追随他们创造性的努力，直到最后，无论那是在哪里。这些正是我们都可以掌握的东西，只要我们愿意。由此可知，本文主要是关于人们对创造力的误解及其本质。故选B项。
9.闵行区
(C)
The
story__of_th_e
emperor’s
new
clothes
is
one
of
Andersen’s
best-known
fables.
Conmen
(骗子)
fool
the
emperor
into
believing
they
have
made
him
a
fabulous
suit
that
the
unworthy
will
be
unable
to
see.
Courtiers
(侍从)
dare
not
say
that
the
emperor
is
naked;
it
takes
a
child
to
point
out
the
obvious.
The
mor_al_is__that
people
are
often
too
hidebound
by
social
tradition
to
state
their
views.
How
many
companies
have
ploughed
ahead
with
expensive
projects
that
were
favoured
by
the
chief
executive,
even
when
other
managers
have
had
doubts?
In
his
new
b_ook_Re_bel
Ideas:
The
Power
of
Diverse
Thinking,
Matthew
Syed
argues
that
the
key
to
dealing
with
this
problem
is
“cognitive
diversity”,
in
other
words,
assembling
a
team
of
people
with
different
perspectives
and
intellectual
backgrounds.
People
from
d_iffere_nt
backgrounds
approach
problems
from
different
angles—that
much
should
be
blindingly
obvious.
It
is
not
just
about
selecting
people
for
teams
from
both
sexes
and
various
ethnicities.
Hire
only
Cambridge
politics
graduates
or
Harvard
MBAs
or
Stanford
software
engineers
and
they
will
have
studied
under
the
same
professors
and
absorbed
similar
world
views
regardless
of
their
gender
or
skin
colour.
In
the
_modern_
world,
with
all
its
complexity,
co-operation
is
essential
if
breakthroughs
are
to
be
made.
In
science
and
engineering,
90%
of
papers
are
now
written
by
teams
rather
than
individuals.
Analysis
of
American
patent
fillings
since
1975
showed
teams
dominate
in
every
one
of
the
36
defined
categories.
There
is
ano_ther_e_lement
to
selecting
a
good
team:
ensuring
that
those
viewpoints
are
heard
and
respected.
That
may
not
happen
if
those
in
charge
are
overbearing.
A
study
of
over
300
projects
by
the
Rotterdam
School
of
Management
found
that
those
led
by
junior
managers
were
more
likely
to
succeed
than
those
led
by
senior
managers—maybe
because
other
team
members
were
less
scared
about
pointing
out
potential
dangers
to
someone
lower
down
the
pecking
order
(权力等级).
The
abili_ty_to__speak
up
within
an
organization,
without
fear
of
punishment,
is
known
as
“psychological
safety”.
Mr.
Syed
cites
a
study
of
teams
at
Google,
which
found
that
self-reported
psychological
safety
was
by
far
the
most
important
factor
behind
successful
teamwork
at
the
technology
giant.
One
wa_y_to_o_vercome
shyness
while
brainstorming,
for
instance,
is
for
everyone
to
write
down
their
ideas
but
ensure
their
names
are
never
known.
That
way,
opinions
about
thoughts
are
less
closely
tied
to
the
seniority
of
the
thinker
and
can
be
tested
against
each
other
with
less
fear
or
favour.
63.
The
author
m_ention_ed
one
of
Andersen’s
best-known
fables
to
______.
A.
conf_irm_th_e
popularity
of
Andersen’s
fables
B.
argue
children’s
wisdom
over
adults
C.
indicat_e_the__importance
of
different
opinions
D.
make
fun
of
the
foolishness
of
some
people
64.
By
using
the__word__“hidebound”
the
author
is
referring
to
those
who
______.
A.
close
th_emselv_es
to
a
fixed
mind
B.
pay
more
attention
to
other’s
behavior
C.
ad_vocate_
traditional
way
of
thinking
D.
hesitate
to
participate
in
team
activities
65.
Acc_ording_
to
the
passage,
which
of
the
following
makes
an
effective
team?
A.
Employing
graduates
from
the
same
excellent
university.
B.
Appointing
senior
managers
with
the
right
of
leading
a
team.
C.
Establishing
a
team
with
people
of
various
backgrounds.
D.
Hiring
people
assembling
their
chief
executives
in
thoughts.
66.
Which
of
the
following
can
be
inferred
from
the
passage?
A.
Co-ope_ration_
and
teamwork
contribute
to
the
complexity
of
the
world.
B.
The
less
ide_ntity__a
person
releases
the
more
he
is
ready
to
air
views.
C.
Viewpo_ints_f_rom
different
perspectives
are
likely
to
cause
conflicts.
D.
There
e_xists__the
danger
of
pecking
order
in
a
team
led
by
junior
managers.
答案：63.
C
64.
A
65.
C
66.
B
原文出处：_https://21?????????è?????/HLBBLOG/p/12361584.html_
【解析】
本文为议论文。短文谈论鼓励各抒己见于公司有利。
【63题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“The__story_
of
the
emperor’s
new
clothes
is
one
of
Andersen’s
best-known
fables.
Conmen
(骗子)
fool
the
emperor
into
believing
they
have
made
him
a
fabulous
suit
that
the
unworthy
will
be
unable
to
see.
Courtiers
(侍从)
dare
not
say
that
the
emperor
is
naked;
it
takes
a
child
to
point
out
the
obvious.”皇帝的新衣故事是安徒生最著名的寓言之一。骗子愚弄皇帝，让他相信他们已经为他做了一套神话般的西装，不配的人是看不到的。朝臣不敢说皇帝是赤身裸体的，明摆着要孩子来指点。第二段“The
moral
is
that
people
are
often
too
hidebound
by
social
tradition
to
state
their
views(这个道理是人们常常受社会传统的束缚而不能发表自己的观点).”可知，作者提到安徒生的著名寓言《皇帝的新衣》来说明不同意见的重要性，故选C。
【64题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第一段“Courtiers
(侍从)
dare
not
say
that
the
emperor
is
naked;
it
takes
a
child
to
point
out
the
obvious.
(朝臣不敢说皇帝是裸体，只有孩子才能指出显而易见的事实。)”，可知《皇帝的新衣》寓意是指人们常常受社会传统的束缚而“墨守成规”，不去发表自己的观点，选项A.
close
themselves
to
a
fixed
mind符合题意，故选A。
【65题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段_???Peopl_e
from
different
backgrounds
approach
problems
from
different
angles—that
much
should
be
blindingly
obvious.
It
is
not
just
about
selecting
people
for
teams
from
both
sexes
and
various
ethnicities.
Hire
only
Cambridge
politics
graduates
or
Harvard
MBAs
or
Stanford
software
engineers
and
they
will
have
studied
under
the
same
professors
and
absorbed
similar
world
views
regardless
of
their
gender
or
skin
colour.
(来自不同背景的人会从不同的角度看待问题，这应该是显而易见的。当然，不仅仅是根据不同性别和不同种族来挑选团队成员（尽管实际如此）。如果一家公司只聘用剑桥大学政治系毕业生（或哈佛大学工商管理硕士、或斯坦福大学软件工程师），虽然他们有着不同的性别和肤色，但他们将在相同的教授的指导下学习，并将有着相似的世界观。).”由此判断出，建立一个由不同背景的人组成的团队才是一个有效的团队，故选C。
【66题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第一_??????The__ability
to
speak
up
within
an
organization,
without
fear
of
punishment,
is
known
as
“psychological
safety”(在一个组织内，不惧怕惩罚而畅所欲言的能力被称为心理安全)”和最后一段“One
way
to
overcome
shyness
while
brainstorming,
for
instance,
is
for
everyone
to
write
down
their
ideas
but
ensure
their
names
are
never
known.
That
way,
opinions
about
thoughts
are
less
closely
tied
to
the
seniority
of
the
thinker
and
can
be
tested
against
each
other
with
less
fear
or
favour(例如，在团队开展头脑风暴时，克服羞怯的一个办法是让所有人写下自己的想法，但确保匿名。如此一来，团队成员看待想法时就不会那么多地考虑提出者的资历，因而能较为不偏不倚地对比检验这些想法).”可知，一个人暴露的身份越少，他就越愿意发表意见。故选B。
10.浦东新区
(C)
That
ea_sterne_rs
and
westerners
think
in
different
ways
is
not
mere
prejudice.
Many
psychological
studies
conducted
over
the
past
two
decades
suggest
Westerners
have
a
more
individualistic,
analytic
and
abstract
mental
life
than
do
East
Asians.
Several
hypotheses
(假设)
have
been
put
forward
to
explain
this.
One,
that
modern_izatio_n
promotes
individualism,
falls
at
the
first
hurdle:
Japan,
an
ultra-modern
country
whose
people
have
retained
a
collective
outlook.
A
second,
that
a
higher
rate
of
infectious
disease
in
a
place
makes
contact
with
strangers
more
dangerous,
and
causes
groups
to
turn
inward,
is
hardly
better.
Europe
has
had
its
share
of
plagues;
probably
more
than
either
Japan
or
Korea.
That
led
Tho_mas_Ta_lhelm
of
the
University
of
Virginia
and
his
colleagues
to
look
into
a
third
suggestion:
that
the
crucial
difference
is
agricultural.
The
basic
West
crop
is
wheat;
the
East's
rice.
Before
the
mechanization
of
agriculture
a
farmer
who
grew
rice
had
to
spend
twice
as
many
hours
doing
so
as
one
who
grew
wheat.
To
organize
labour
efficiently,
especially
at
times
of
planting
and
harvesting,
rice-growing
societies
as
far
apart
as
India,
Malaysia
and
Japan
all
develop
co-operative
labour
exchanges
which
let
neighbors
stagger
their
farms’
schedules
in
order
to
assist
each
other
during
these
crucial
periods.
Since,
until
recently
almost
everyone
alive
was
a
farmer,
it
is
a
reasonable
hypothesis
that
such
a
collective
outlook
would
dominate
a
society’s
culture
and
behaviour,
and
might
prove
so
deep-rooted
that
even
now,
when
most
people
earn
their
living
in
other
ways,
it
helps
to
define
their
lives.
Mr.
Talhel_m_real_ized
that
this
idea
is
testable.
Large
areas
of
Asia,
particularly
in
the
north,
depend
not
on
rice,
but
on
wheat.
That,
as
he
explains
in
a
paper
in
Science,
let
him
and
his
team
put
some
flesh
on
this
theory’s
bones.
The
team
gathered
almost
1,200
volunteers
from
all
over
Asia
and
asked
them
questions
to
assess
their
individualism
or
collectivism.
The
answers
bore
little
relation
to
the
wealth
of
a
volunteer’s
place
of
origin.
There
was
a
striking
correlation,
though,
with
whether
it
was
a
rice-growing
or
a
wheat-growing
area.
This
difference
was
marked
even
between
people
from
neighbouring
counties
with
different
agricultural
traditions.
Undoub_tedly,_
Talhelm’s
hypothesis
has
pointed
to
a
direction
worth
further
exploration.
Viewing
the
message
from
modernized
countries
such
as
Japan,
Korea
and
Singapore,
which
still
hold
on
to
collectivism,
perhaps
we
can
say:
Asian
values--with
their
principles
of
mutual
support
and
collective
action--are
only
“Asian”
because
back
in
ancient
times,
farmers
in
many
parts
of
that
continent
found
rice
a
more
suitable
crop
to
grow
than
wheat.
63.
Accord_ing_to_
the
second
paragraph,
which
of
the
following
statements
does
the
author
most
probably
agree
with?
A.
The
firs_t_hypo_thesis
fails
to
justify
Japan’s
ever-keeping
collectivism
as
well
as
the
second.
B.
The
e_xposur_e
to
plague
outbreaks
increases
the
probability
of
the
Europeans
to
turn
back
to
individualism.
C.
Modernized
J_apan_s_tays
close
to
collectivism
as
firmly
as
Europe
maintains
individualism
in
the
times
of
plague.
D.
Neither
_modern_ization,
as
with
Europe,
nor
the
once
prevailing
plague,
as
with
Japan,
gives
any
evidence
that
promotes
individualism.
64.
What
does
the
underlined
word
“stagger”
probably
mean?
A.
arrange
events
so
that
they
do
not
happen
at
the
same
time
B.
help
someth_ing_to_
develop
more
strongly
because
it’s
about
to
collapse
C.
plan
or
o_rganiz_e
something
in
advance
to
make
it
neat
or
attractive
D.
offer
something
to
somebody
and
receive
something
in
return
65.
Mr.
Talhe_lm_stu_died
the
Asian
volunteers
growing
wheat
in
order
to
find
out
__________.
A.
whether
growing
wheat
results
in
more
sharing
behavior.
B.
whether
growing
wheat
leads
to
more
prosperous
community.
C.
whether
the
local
crop
affects
the
local
economy
positively.
D.
whether
the
local
crop
is
related
to
local
people’s
mental
life.
66.
Whi_ch_of__the
following
can
serve
as
the
best
title
for
this
passage?
A.
A
good
beg_inning_
makes
a
good
ending.
B.
The
grass
is
greener
on
the
other
side.
C.
As
you
sow,
so
you
will
reap.
D.
You
are
what
you
eat.
答案：63
C
64
A
65
D
66
D
原文出处：
_https://21?????????è?????/science-and-technology/2014/05/08/you-are-what-you-eat_
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要阐述了东方人倾向于集体主义，而西方人倾向于个人主义的几个不同假设，重点议论了这种现象与种植什么农作物有关。
【63题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一句_è?????One,_
that
modernization
promotes
individualism,
falls
at
the
first
hurdle:
Japan,
an
ultra-modem
country
whose
people
have
retained
a
collective
outlook.（其一，现代化促进了个人主义，第一个障碍落在了日本，一个极度现代化的国家，但它的人民保持了集体的观点。）”可知，假设一提出的现代化无法作为现代化促进个人主义的证据；根据第二句和第三句话“A
second,
that
a
higher
rate
of
infectious
disease
in
a
place
makes
contact
with
strangers
more
dangerous,
and
causes
groups
to
turn
inward,
is
hardly
better.
Europe
has
had
its
share
of
plagues;
probably
more
than
either
Japan
or
Korea.（第二，传染病在一个地方的高发率会使与陌生人的接触更加危险，并导致群体转向内向，这说法也不比第一个好到哪里去。欧洲也遭受过同样的灾难;可能比日本和韩国都要多。）”可知，假设二提出的传染病的发生也无法作为促进个人主义的证据，所以无论是像欧洲那样的现代化，还是像日本那样的曾经盛行的瘟疫，都没有任何证据表明会促进个人主义。故选D项。
【64题详解】
词句猜测题。根据_??????????????????_To
organize
labour
efficiently,
especially
at
times
of
planting
and
harvesting,
rice-growing
societies
as
far
apart
as
India,
Malaysia
and
Japan
all
develop
co-operative
labour
exchanges
which
let
neighbors
stagger
their
farms'
schedules
in
order
to
assist
each
other
during
these
crucial
periods.（为了有效地组织劳动，特别是在种植和收获的时候，远在印度、马来西亚和日本的水稻种植社都发展了合作劳动交换机制，让邻国错开他们的农场时间表，以便在这些关键时期互相帮助）”可知，印度、马来西亚和日本的水稻种植社通过合作劳动交换机制使彼此的务农日程错开，故可判断“stagger”的意思为安排一些事情使它们不同时发生。故选A项。
【65题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四_??????The__answers
bore
little
relation
to
the
wealth
of
a
volunteer's
place
of
origin.
There
was
a
striking
correlation,
though,
with
whether
it
was
a
rice-growing
or
a
wheat-growing
area.（这些答案与志愿者的出生地几乎没有关系。然而，这与它是水稻种植区还是小麦种植区有着显著的相关性。）”可知，研究种植小麦的志愿者主要是为了找到人们的集体主义文化是否与种植的农作物有关，即农作物的种植是否与所在地人们的精神生活有关。故选D项。
【66题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第三_??????????????????_Since,
until
recently
almost
everyone
alive
was
a
farmer,
it
is
a
reasonable
hypothesis
that
such
a
collective
outlook
would
dominate
a
society's
culture
and
behaviour,
and
might
prove
so
deep-rooted
that
even
now,
when
most
people
earn
their
living
in
other
ways,
it
helps
to
define
their
lives.（因为在近代以前几乎每个人都是农民，所以假说认为这种集体观念会支配一个社会的文化和行为是有道理的，而这种观念可能已深深扎根于文化，以至于到今天，尽管大部分人不以农业为主，但这多少还是决定了他们的生活）”可知，文章主要认同人们的文化观念是与他们所在地方种植的农作物有关，例如在种植水稻的地区的人们更偏向于集体主义，他们吃的什么农作物他们就是什么样的，故本文标题为吃什么就是什么。故选D项。
【点睛】阅读理解题的解题方法，_é???????????è§????_览，掌握大意。不要困扰在个别词汇的翻译上，偶有生词，走为上计。其次，读懂题干，带着问题再去微观细读。最后，分析句子，慎思明辨。阅读理解题之细节理解解题要注意：1.排除干扰项，突出主题。2.按文章的体裁，作者写作的组织模式及有关信息，预测应该到何处寻找自己所需要的事实。3.将注意力放在寻找你所需要的细节上，快速浏览，一目十行。发现细节，十目一行，放慢速度，仔细核对比较，直到找到正确答案。例如本文第2题，根据第三段句子“To
organize
labour
efficiently,
especially
at
times
of
planting
and
harvesting,
rice-growing
societies
as
far
apart
as
India,
Malaysia
and
Japan
all
develop
co-operative
labour
exchanges
which
let
neighbors
stagger
their
farms'
schedules
in
order
to
assist
each
other
during
these
crucial
periods.（为了有效地组织劳动，特别是在种植和收获的时候，远在印度、马来西亚和日本的水稻种植社都发展了合作劳动交换机制，让邻国错开他们的农场时间表，以便在这些关键时期互相帮助）”可知，印度、马来西亚和日本的水稻种植社通过合作劳动交换机制使彼此的务农日程错开，故可判断“stagger”的意思为安排一些事情使它们不同时发生。故选A项。
11.普陀区
(C)
The
Victorians’
Way
of
Having
Fun
Whether
it
was
v_isitin_g
a
human
zoo,
taking
a
bull
on
a
hot-air
balloon
ride,
or
singing
beautiful
songs,
Victorian
Londoners
loved
to
have
fun.
As
performance
managers
came
up
with
increasingly
well-designed
ways
to
make
money
from
the
capital’s
huge
potential
audience,
Victorians
effectively
invented
the
modern
leisure
industry
–