人教版高中英语必修4Women of achievement Unit 1语法主谓一致 课件（38张ppt）

(共41张PPT)
主谓一致
主谓一致:是指主语和谓语动词保持人称和数的一致。
主谓一致通常有三个原则：
语法一致原则；
意义一致原则；
就近一致原则。
I
am
seventeen.
We
are
seventeen.
He
is
a
teacher.
They
are
teachers.
Tom
often
gets
up
very
early
in
the
morning.
Nurses
have
a
meeting
every
morning
in
the
hospital.
一、语法一致原则：即形式上一致，谓语动词的单复数取决于其主语是单数还是复数。
1.不定代词
each;
another;
one…the
other;
neither;
either;
everyone;
everybody;
everything;
no
one;
someone;
somebody;
something;
anybody;
anyone;
anything;
nothing;
nobody作主语时，谓语动词用单数
例如：1.No
one____
(be)
absent.
2.____(be)
everyone
here?
3.There
are
two
books,
one
___
(be)
small,
the
other
___
(be)
big.
4.Either
of
the
answers
___(be)
right.
5.Each
of
us____
(have)
an
English
book
6.We
each
_____
(have)
an
English
book.
is
Is
is
is
is
has
have
2.each…and
each…;
many
a
…and
many
a
…;
no
…and
no…;
every
…and
every
…
;
many
a…;
each…;
every…作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
例如：1.Many
a
student
and
many
a
teacher
____(have)
seen
the
film.
2.
Many
students
____(be)
here.
3.Each
girl
and
each
boy
___
(be)
praised
at
the
meetings.
4.No
chair
and
no
desk
___(be)
permitted
to
be
taken
out.
5.Many
a
student____
busy
with
his
lessons.
has
are
is
is
was
3.
1)A/This/That
+
kind/type
of
+n.
(Cs/U)+谓(单)
2)One
of
+n.
(Cs)+谓(单)
3)A/This/That
pair
of
+
n.
(Cs)+谓(单)
4)名词+
of
+
this/that
+
kind/type
作主语时，谓语动词与名词保持一致。
例如：1.This
kind
of
apples____
highly
priced.
2.
Apples
of
this
kind____
highly
priced.
3.This
pair
of
trousers___
his.
4.A
pair
of
shoes___
under
the
bed.
My
shoes
___
under
the
bed.
5.One
of
them____
damaged.
is
are
is
is
are
is
4.more
than
one
+
名词单数;
the
number
of
+
n.
+谓(单)
a
number
of+
n.+谓(复)
例如：1.The
number
of
the
students
in
our
class____60.
2.A
number
of
the
students
___
(have)
seen
the
film.
3.More
than
one
person
____
injured
in
the
accident
yesterday.
is
is
have
5.表示时间、距离、金钱、度量等名词作主语，用于表示整体概念时，谓语动词用单数。
例如：1.Fifteen
minutes
___
not
enough.
2.Ten
miles____
too
much
for
him.
3.Twenty—five
dollars___
too
much
to
pay
for
the
coat.
4.Three
pounds
___
not
enough.
is
is
is
is
6.不可数名词、动名词、动词不定式和从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
例如：1.Seeing___
believing.
2.To
see
___
to
believe.
3.To
be
here
___
a
happy
thing.
4.Saving
his
life
___
my
duty.
5.Who
will
go
there
____
decided.
is
is
is
is
is
7.⑴表示两数相加、两数相乘作主语时，谓语动词既可用单数又可用复数。例如：
1.Fifteen
plus/and（加）five__________
(make)
twenty.
2.Five
times(乘)
six
________
thirty.
⑵表示两数相减、两数相除作主语时，谓语动词用单数。例如：
1.Fifteen
divided(除以)
by
three
___
five.
2.Five
minus(减)
two
____
three.
make/
makes
is/are
is
is
8.both,few,a
few,
many,
several等词及所修饰的名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
例如：1.Both
of
the
students
____
the
best.
2.Few
of
my
friends
_____
here.
3.A
few/Several
girls
____
going
to
see
a
film.
10.以“s”结尾的表示学科的名词
(
maths，physics，politics等)作主语时，谓语动词用单数。例如：
Politics
___
my
favorite
subject.
are
are
are
is
9.当主语是all,
most,
half,
part,
the
rest,
the
last,
the
remainder等词时，谓语动词取决于它所修饰的名词或所替代的名词的单复数。
例如：1.All
___
right.
2.All
___
present.
3.The
rest
of
the
book
___
interesting
4.The
rest
of
books
____
on
sale.
is
are
is
are
5.Most
of
the
wood
____
used
to
make
chairs.
6.Most
of
the
men
____
young
people.
7.Half
of
the
house
___
damaged.
8.Half
of
the
boys
____
going
to
the
library.
is
is
are
are
10.
⑴
a
lot
of,
lots
of,
plenty
of,
some
of,
all
of
①修饰不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。②修饰可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
⑵
①
none
of
+n.(C)+谓(单/复)
②
none
of
+n,(U)+谓(单)
（3）an
amount
of
/amounts
of+n.(U)+谓(单)
the
amount
of
+n.
(U)+谓（单）
（4）quantities
of
+n(U/C)+谓(复)
a
quantity
of
+
n.(C/U)+谓(单)
例如：1.There___
lots
of
people
waiting
outside.
2.
Lots
of
water
____
going
to
be
wasted.
3.Plenty
of
water
___
needed
by
everyone.
4.Plenty
of
books
___
needed
in
our
school.
5.None
of
my
friends
_____
here.
6.None
of
the
money
___
left.
are
is
are
is
is
is/are
7.Amounts
of
work
_____(have)
been
finished.
8.A
quantity
of
food
___
kept
in
the
cave.
9.A
quantity
of
books
___
sold
out.
10.Quantities
of
food
___
kept
in
the
cave.
11.Quantities
of
books
___
sold
out.
has
is
is
are
are
1.family,crew(全体人员),
audience,
group,
government,
team,
club,
public,
class,
enemy(敌人)
,
committee
（委员会）
等集体名词作主语，指整体概念时，谓语动词用单数。指成员时，谓语动词用复数。例如：1.Our
class
____
on
the
fourth
floor.
2.
Our
class
___
out.
is
are
二.意义一致原则
2.The
crew
___
made
up
of
able
men.
The
crew
___
busy
with
their
work.
3.My
family
___
not
large
My
family
___
watching
TV.
is
is
are
are
2.people,
youth(年轻人),cattle(牛)，clothes
,police(警察)作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
例如：
1.The
police
___
searching
for
the
lost
child.
2.The
cattle
___
eating
grass.
are
are
3.⑴由and连接的两个名词，指同一事物，同一人，同一概念作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
例如：1.Bread
and
butter
___
their
daily
food.
2.The
writer
and
artist
___
known
to
us.
3.The
writer
and
the
artist____
known
to
us.
4.A
cart(运货车
)
and
horse
___
seen
in
the
distance.
5.A
knife
and
fork
___used
by
him.
6.Early
to
the
bed
and
early
to
rise
____a
good
habit.
is
is
are
is
is
is
相似的名词短语：
war
and
peace
战争与和平
truth
and
honesty
真诚
iron
and
steel
钢铁
a
watch
and
chain
一块带链的手表
a
needle
and
thread
一套针线
cause
and
effect
因果
bread
and
butter
黄油面包
the
writer
and
artist
作家兼艺术家
a
cart(运货车
)
and
horse
运货马车
a
knife
and
fork
一副刀叉
+谓（单）
⑵由and和both…and…连接的两个并列成分作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
例如：1.Both
bread
and
butter
___
popular
with
children.
2.The
black
and
the
white
cat
___
asleep.
3.The
black
and
white
cat
___asleep.
4.Water
and
air
___
necessary
to
people.
is
are
are
are
⑶由and连接的两个疑问词，接同一个动词不定式或同一个句子作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
例如：1.Where
to
find
him
and
how
to
find
him
____unknown
to
us.
2.How
and
why
he
had
to
come
to
New
York
____
a
story
of
success.
is
is
4.population
⑴作为”人口”讲时，为集合名词，单独作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
例如：The
population
of
China
is
large
than
that
of
Japan.
(2)如果population前有分数或百分数修饰作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
例如：Three
fourths
of
the
population
are
famers.
(3)形容人口多少用large/small
某地区的人口有多少，用has
a
population
of…
询问人口多少用What’s
the
population
of…
5.如果主语的中心名词后有with,
together
with,
as
well
as,
along
with,
but,
besides,
except,
in
addition
to,
not,
rather
than,
more
than,
including,
like(像),等，谓语动词取就远原则。
例如：1.The
teacher
with
two
students
___
at
the
meeting.
2.She
not
I
___
going
to
see
a
doctor.
3.The
girl
as
well
as
boys___（have）
seen
the
film.
4.You
rather
than
he____
punished
yesterday.
5.No
one
but
they____
my
friends.
is
is
has
were
is
6.（1）分数或百分数+n.(U)/n.(C单)
+谓(单)
(
2)分数或百分数+n.(Cs)
+谓(复)
(3)one
and
a
half
+
n.(C)
+谓(单)
(4)one
or
two
+n.(Cs)
+谓(复)
(5)a/an
+
名词单数
+
or
two
+谓(单)
例如：1.Three
fourths
of
the
surface
on
the
earth
___
sea.
2.Two
thirds
of
the
people
___
against
the
plan.
3.One
and
a
half
apples
___
a
good
meal
for
the
beggar(乞丐
).
4.One
or
two
days
___enough
for
the
work.
5.A
day
or
two
___
enough
for
the
work.
is
is
is
are
are
7.sheep,means,deer,Chinese,Japanese等单复数同形的名词作主语时，谓语动词根据其意义决定。
例如：1.One
sheep
____
enough.
2.Ten
sheep
____
missing.
3.Every
means
___
tried.
4.All
means
___
tried.
is
is
are
are
8.the
+
adj./done/doing
表一类人+谓（复）
表事物，谓（单）
例如：1.The
old
___
taken
good
care
of
by
the
government.
2.The
injured
___
taken
to
hospital
immediately.
3.The
beautiful
_____(give)
pleasures
to
all
of
us.
are
are
gives
9.(1)在定语从句中，
one
of
+
名词复数
+
that/who
+
谓语动词的复数形式
the
only/very/just/last
one
of
+
名词复数
+
who/that
+
谓语动词的单数形式。
例如：1.He
is
one
of
the
students
who
___
praised.
2.He
is
the
only
one
of
the
students
who
___
praised.
are
is
(2)在定语从句中，关系代词作主语时，其谓语动词的单复数与先行词保持一致。
Anyone
who
doesn’t
come
must
be
punished.
10.疑问词：which,
what,
who作主语时，根据意义决定谓语动词的单复数。
例如：1.Which
___
your
room.
2.Which
___
your
rooms.
3.What
I
say
and
think____
out
of
your
business.
4.Who
___
your
brother.
5.Who
___
your
classmates.
is
are
are
is
are
11.在强调句中，强调主语时，谓语动词与被强调的部分保持一致。
例如：1.It
was
he
that
____
invited
to
the
party.
2.It
is
I
that
____
your
friend.
was
am
12.such作主语时，谓语动词的单复数根据其意义而定。
例如：1.Such
____
what
he
said.
2.She
wants
to
have
a
big
bed
and
many
toys,
such
____
her
wishes.
was
are
三、就近原则
1.Here/There
+
be/exist/live/stand/lie
连接几个主语时，谓语动词取就近原则。
例如：1.There
___
a
pen
and
two
books.
2.There
___
two
books
and
a
pen.
3.Here
___
a
pen
and
a
few
books.
4.
Here
___
a
few
books
and
a
pen.
5.There
______(stand)
a
large
buildings.
6.In
our
hometown,
there____
(live)
2000
people
is
is
are
are
stands
live
2.由or,
either…or,
neither…nor,
not
only…but
also…,
not…but…连接两个主语时，谓语动词取就近原则。
例如：1.Not
only
he
but
also
his
parents
___
at
home.
2.Either
you
or
I
___
wrong.
3.____
either
you
or
I
wrong?
4.Not
you
but
I
___
to
answer
for
it.
5.___
neither
he
nor
I
for
the
agreement.
are
am
Are
am
Is