(共43张PPT)
课时提升作业
三十七 选修8
Unit
2 Cloning
(限时35分钟)
Ⅰ.
阅读理解
A
Twelve-year-old
Nishi
Uggalle,
the
new
champion
of
Channel
4’s
Child
Genius
show
is
said
to
have
an
IQ
“higher
than
Einstein’s”.
It
sounds
impressive,
but
does
that
comparison
actually
mean
anything
and
how
seriously
should
we
take
IQ
as
a
measurement
of
intellectual
capacity?
The
immediate
problem
is
that
no
one
knows
what
Einstein’s
IQ
was,
even
including
himself.
It
is
assumed
he
would
have
an
IQ
score
of
160+.
When
Nishi
was
tested
almost
three
years
ago
by
Mensa,
a
membership
organization
for
people
with
very
high
IQs,
she
scored
162—the
highest
possible
score
in
the
test
she
was
taking.
The
numbers
are
purely
normative(标准的):
the
test-taker’s
performance
is
scored
against
the
average
for
the
same
age
group,
based
on
a
series
of
tests
that
usually
concentrate
on
pattern
recognition,
logic
and
problem-solving
ability.
The
standard
for
the
whole
group
is
100,
and
most
people
fall
into
a
range
between
70
and
130.
Only
2.
5%
considered
to
have
an
IQ
above
130.
Mensa
only
accepts
members
who
are
in
the
top
2%
of
those
tested.
The
aim
of
an
IQ
test
is
not
to
measure
knowledge,
but
the
individual’s
ability
to
learn
and
their
speed
in
absorbing
information.
Having
zero
spatial(空间的)awareness,
I
look
down
on
them,
since
they
expose
me
as
stupid—I
once
came
bottom
in
an
army
intelligence
test
to
determine
whether
I
was
potential
officer
material.
Experts
differ
wildly
on
whether
IQ
tests
are
reliable.
Some
have
full
faith
in
them.
All
we
can
say
with
certainty
is
that
they
test
a
particular,
narrow
definition
of
intelligence—the
ability
to
problem-solve
under
pressure.
The
Mensa
spokeswoman
claims
there
is
a
strong
connection
between
high
IQ
and
good
health,
longevity(长寿)
and
career
success,
but
she
also
accepts
a
high
IQ
can
produce
social
loneliness.
One
of
Mensa’s
aims
is
to
bring
together
“gifted”
children
because
their
general
cohort(同龄人)may
find
them
a
little
odd.
I
know
many
chess
players
who
are
brilliant
problem-solvers
but
can
barely
deal
with
“real”
life.
What
is
intelligence?
That
remains
the
key,
unanswered
question.
【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文。作者通过一个据说比爱因斯坦智商还高的12岁小女孩为开头,
引出智商测试法,
阐述了智商测试并不涵盖智力的所有方面,
表达了自己对智商测试不赞成的态度。
1.
What
can
we
infer
from
Paragraph
1?
A.
Einstein’s
IQ
was
not
tested.
B.
Nishi
is
smarter
than
Einstein.
C.
Mensa
is
non-profit
organization.
D.
The
average
IQ
of
a
Mensa
member
is
160.
【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据第一段的“The
immediate
problem
is
that
no
one
knows
what
Einstein’s
IQ
was,
even
including
himself.
It
is
assumed
he
would
have
an
IQ
score
of
160+.
”可知,
没人知道爱因斯坦的智商究竟是多少,
包括他自己,
人们只是推测他的智商有160多,
因此可推断没测试过他的智商。
2.
What
do
we
know
about
IQ
tests?
A.
Experts
agree
that
they
are
reliable.
B.
The
numbers
of
IQ
tests
are
not
standardized.
C.
They
do
not
include
every
aspect
of
intelligence.
D.
They
are
designed
to
test
the
individual’s
knowledge.
【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第三段的“All
we
can
say
with
certainty
is
that
they
test
a
particular,
narrow
definition
of
intelligence——the
ability
to
problem-solve
under
pressure.
”可知,
智商测试不涵盖智力的所有方面。
3.
What
is
the
author’s
attitude
toward
IQ
tests?
A.
Unfavorable.
B.
Approving.
C.
Uncaring.
D.
Positive.
【解析】选A。观点态度题。根据第三段的“I
look
down
on
them,
since
they
expose
me
as
stupid”可知,
作者对智商测试是不赞成的。
4.
According
to
the
text,
a
person
with
a
high
IQ
may
.
?
A.
be
less
healthy
B.
have
a
poor
social
life
C.
find
it
hard
to
succeed
D.
die
at
an
early
age
【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据最后一段的“.
.
.
but
she
also
accepts
a
high
IQ
can
produce
social
loneliness.
One
of
Mensa’s
aims
is
to
bring
together
‘gifted’
children
because
their
general
cohort
may
find
them
a
little
odd.
”可知,
高智商的人可能不合群,
社交能力差。
B
A
group
of
university
professors
recently
created
a
scanner
they
believe
can
predict
the
perfect
job
for
anyone—simply
by
looking
at
their
fingerprints.
The
group
says
that
in
the
future,
fingerprints
could
help
tell
a
person’s
key
personalities.
To
use
the
scanner,
people
place
their
fingers
upon
the
fingerprint
reader
and
computer
technology
connected
up
to
sensors(传感器)reads
back
what
sort
of
work
would
suit
the
individual.
The
machine
bases
its
results
on
a
collection
of
a
large
amount
of
information
in
the
computer
about
how
fingerprint
shapes
connect
to
job
selection.
Local
companies
help
researchers
from
the
city’s
Kuban
University
of
Physical
Education
and
Sport
to
test
the
technology.
Twenty-one-year-old
Oscar
Galkin,
a
mathematics
graduate,
said,
“I
got
the
result
from
the
scanner
that
I
would
be
suited
to
a
job
in
IT,
which
is
exactly
what
I
want
to
do.
I
don’t
know
if
it
is
luck
or
if
it
can
really
read
a
person’s
talents,
but
it
worked
for
me.
”
And
Zara
Tokareva,
aged
20,
who
feels
uncomfortable
at
the
sight
of
blood,
said,
“I
want
to
be
a
house
designer
but
the
machine
said
I
should
be
a
nurse.
So,
no,
I
don’t
think
it
is
as
clever
as
it
is
being
made
out.
”
Though
fingerprint
identification
has
been
widely
used
in
crime
discovering,
it
is
still
a
science
that
has
a
lot
of
possibility
of
being
used,
say
experts,
from
discovering
drug
misuse
to
personality
analysis—exactly
as
hand
readers
have
been
saying
to
do
for
centuries.
“The
basic
idea
is
that
although
everybody’s
fingerprints
are
completely
different,
there
are
obvious
features
that
are
common
on
the
fingers
of
certain
professionals
working
in
certain
jobs,
”said
researcher
Ravil
Yudin.
“It’s
not
really
a
new
idea
because
hand
readers
have
been
saying
for
hundreds
of
years
that
you
can
tell
a
person’s
future
by
reading
their
hands.
We
want
to
match
that
by
looking
at
fingerprints
and
trying
to
tell
what
career
path
people
would
choose.
”
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。科学家们称他们研制出了可以根据指纹预测未来职业的指纹扫描仪,
本文介绍了这种扫描仪的工作原理及测试情况。
5.
From
the
text
we
know
that
the
fingerprint
scanner
.
?
A.
matches
fingerprints
to
jobs
B.
tells
people’s
characters
C.
helps
collect
job
information
D.
reads
individuals’
mind
【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据第一、二段的介绍可知,
指纹扫描仪是根据指纹预测职业。
6.
What
can
we
infer
from
the
5th
and
6th
paragraphs?
A.
The
fingerprint
scanner
has
been
used
in
job
hunting.
B.
The
fingerprint
scanner
is
popular
with
young
men.
C.
The
fingerprint
scanner
helps
companies
a
lot.
D.
The
fingerprint
scanner
needs
to
be
improved.
【解析】选D。推理判断题。第六段提到,
参与测试的这个人认为指纹扫描仪预测的职业跟她的实际情况不符,
据此推知,
指纹扫描仪还有待改进。
7.
What
can
we
learn
from
what
Ravil
Yudin
said?
A.
The
fingerprint
scanner
is
based
on
a
new
idea.
B.
Certain
people’s
fingers
actually
have
something
in
common.
C.
Telling
one’s
future
by
reading
his
hands
started
a
few
years
ago.
D.
The
technology
of
fingerprint
identification
can
be
used
in
many
fields.
【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“.
.
.
there
are
obvious
features
that
are
common
on
the
fingers
of
certain
professionals
working
in
certain
jobs”可知答案。
8.
What
is
the
purpose
of
the
text?
A.
To
tell
the
future
of
hand
readers.
B.
To
show
the
features
of
fingerprints.
C.
To
introduce
a
technical
product.
D.
To
help
job
hunters.
【解析】选C。推理判断题。本文主要介绍了科学家们研制出的据说能预测职业的指纹扫描仪。指纹扫描仪属于科技产品,
故C项为最佳答案。
Ⅱ.
完形填空
I
had
worked
for
long
at
the
same
dead-end
job
with
no
pay
increases.
So
I
was
considering 1
the
profession
when
being
offered
the
job
of
Office
Manager
for
a
company
that
had
been
2
for
long.
My
job
would
be
to
change
the
situation,
which
meant
organizing
the
office
and
turning
the
company
profitable.
?
The
boss
knew
that
would
be
no
easy
task,
so
he
offered
me
a
good
salary.
And
I
accepted
it.
Later,
my
husband
joined
me
and
became
my
3 .
With
our
efforts
together,
our
company
became
profitable.
So
I
was
4
becoming
State
Manager
with
a
big
salary
increase.
As
our
income
increased,
so
did
our
5 .
My
husband
and
I
moved
into
a
large,
beautiful
home
with
great
furniture
and
purchased
two
beautiful
cars.
To
all
appearances,
we
were
living
the
American
Dream.
?
Later,
6
the
downturn
in
the
economy,
the
company
reorganized
and
my
7
was
removed,
and
so
was
my
husband’s.
Luckily,
we
got
new
ones,
but
made
minimum
wages.
We
had
to
move
into
a
tiny
apartment.
It
was
8 .
I
measured
personal
success
by
how
many
expensive
things
I
9 .
Without
them,
I
felt
unimportant
and
unsuccessful.
?
Unexpectedly,
our
loss
later
turned
out
to
be
a
blessing.
It
forced
us
to
come
to
a
complete
stop
and
10
what
we
really
wanted
out
of
life.
We
realized
that
to
keep
that
company
afloat,
we
had
been
so
11
every
day
that
we
had
sacrificed
time
that
should
have
been
spent
with
our
family
and
friends.
We
had
12
important
births,
graduations
and
weddings.
We
knew
we
needed
a
change.
Now
—
years
later
—
we
are
living
a
more
13
life.
Our
home
is
modest;
14 ,
it’s
fully
paid
for.
We
don’t
have
many
things
that
need
dusting—only
the
necessities.
Now
we
are
truly
living
and
15
the
American
Dream.
?
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述作者换工作后升职加薪,
住进大房子,
买了新车,
后由于经济不景气,
又换了工作,
重新搬进小房子,
也迫使作者停下来去思考真正想要的是什么,
最后过上了轻松的生活。
1.
A.
leaving
B.
regulating
C.
recommending
D.
observing
【解析】选A。句意:
因此,
当我被一家奋斗多年的公司录用为办公室经理时,
我正考虑离开这个职业。leaving离开;
regulating控制;
recommending推荐;
observing观察。根据上文我在同一个没有前途的工作上干了很长时间,
没有加薪,
所以这里应该是考虑离开这个职业,
故选A。
2.
A.
operating
B.
consulting
C.
struggling
D.
advocating
【解析】选C。operating操作;
consulting咨询;
struggling争取,
奋斗;
advocating提倡。根据下文说多年,
所以这里“争取,
奋斗”更符合语境,
故选C。
3.
A.
colleague
B.
competitor
C.
doctor
D.
barber
【解析】选A。句意:
后来,
我的丈夫加入了我的公司,
成为了我的同事。colleague同事;
competitor竞争者;
doctor医生;
barber理发师。根据上文说加入了我的公司,
所以应该是成为我的同事,
故选A。
4.
A.
hired
B.
comforted
C.
promoted
D.
prepared
【解析】选C。句意:
所以我被提升为州经理,
薪水也大幅增加。hired雇用;
comforted安慰;
promoted提升;
prepared准备。根据上文With
our
efforts
together,
our
company
became
profitable,
所以下文应该是升职加薪,
故选C。
5.
A.
experiences
B.
connection
C.
spending
D.
savings
【解析】选C。句意:
随着我们收入的增加,
我们的消费也在增加。experiences经历;
connection联系;
spending消费;
savings储蓄。根据下文搬进大房子,
买了新车,
可知这些都是消费,
故选C。
6.
A.
due
to
B.
regardless
of
C.
in
case
of
D.
in
comparison
to
【解析】选A。句意:
后来,
由于经济不景气,
公司进行了重组,
我的职位被撤掉了,
我丈夫的职位也被撤掉了。due
to由于;
regardless
of不管;
in
case
of万一;
in
comparison
to与……相比。根据下文说公司进行了重组,
我和我丈夫的职位都被撤掉了,
可知这里是由于经济不景气造成的,
故选A。
7.
A.
allowance
B.
position
C.
chance
D.
office
【解析】选B。allowance津贴;
position职位;
chance机会;
office办公室。根据上文说经济不景气,
公司重组,
我和我丈夫的职位被撤掉,
故选B。
8.
A.
amusing
B.
discouraging
C.
boring
D.
surprising
【解析】选B。句意:
这是令人沮丧的。amusing有趣的;
discouraging令人沮丧的;
boring令人厌烦的;
surprising令人惊讶的。根据下文我用我拥有多少昂贵的东西来衡量个人的成功。没有它们,
我觉得自己不重要,
不成功。故选B。
9.
A.
designed
B.
possessed
C.
sorted
D.
donated
【解析】选B。句意:
我用我拥有多少昂贵的东西来衡量个人的成功。designed设计;
possessed拥有;
sorted整理;
donated捐赠。根据下文没有它们,
我觉得自己不重要,
不成功,
可知这里是拥有,
故选B。
10.
A.
ignore
B.
abandon
C.
consider
D.
give
【解析】选C。句意:
它迫使我们完全停下来,
思考我们真正想从生活中得到什么。ignore忽视;
abandon放弃;
consider思考;
give给予。根据下文说停下来,
应该是去思考想从生活中得到什么,
符合语境,
故选C。
11.
A.
confident
B.
confused
C.
joyful
D.
occupied
【解析】选D。句意:
我们意识到,
为了维持公司的运转,
我们每天都忙得不可开交,
牺牲了本该与家人和朋友在一起的时间。confident自信的;
confused迷惑的;
joyful高兴的;
occupied无空闲的。根据下文牺牲了本该与家人和朋友在一起的时间,
可知这里应该表示“很忙的,
没有空闲的”,
故选D。
12.
A.
remembered
B.
missed
C.
mentioned
D.
loved
【解析】选B。句意:
我们错过了重要的出生、毕业和婚礼。remembered记得;
missed错过;
mentioned提到;
loved爱。根据上文我们每天都忙得不可开交,
牺牲了本该与家人和朋友在一起的时间,
可知这里应为“错过”,
故选B。
13.
A.
boring
B.
demanding
C.
privileged
D.
relaxed
【解析】选D。句意:
现在——几年后——我们过着更轻松的生活。boring令人厌烦的;
demanding要求高的;
privileged有特权的;
relaxed轻松的。根据上文说我们需要改变以及下文我们目前生活的描述,
可知应该是过着更轻松的生活,
故选D。
14.
A.
however
B.
instead
C.
therefore
D.
meanwhile
【解析】选A。句意:
我们的房子很小,
但是,
它是全额支付的。前后两句构成转折关系,
故选A。
15.
A.
expecting
B.
reporting
C.
enjoying
D.
replacing
【解析】选C。句意:
现在,
我们真正生活在美国梦中,
享受着美国梦。expecting期盼;
reporting报告;
enjoying享受;
replacing代替。根据上文说我们真正生活在美国梦中,
所以享受美国梦更符合语境,
故选C。
Ⅲ.
语法填空
阅读下面短文,
在空白处填入1个适当单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
More
than
700
years
ago,
a
17-year-old
Italian
youth
followed
his
father
and
uncle
on
a
journey
to
the
East,
dreaming
about
the
mysteries
of
China.
The
three
set
1.
on
a
path
that
might
have
frightened
even
the
most
ambitious
travellers.
The
young
adventurer
was
Marco
Polo.
?
Having
a
talent
for
languages,
Marco
Polo
learned
to
speak
Mongolian
language
and
Chinese.
Later
under
the
orders
of
Kublai
Khan,
he
2.
(travel)
far
and
wide
across
China.
Along
the
way,
he
stopped
3.
(record)
detailed
notes
about
the
local
customs,
geography
and
values
of
the
people,
so
as
to
report
back
to
the
Khan.
?
Marco
Polo
returned
to
Venice
24
years
later.
With
4.
(count)
treasures
brought
back
from
the
East,
he
became
5.
wealthy
man
overnight.
6.
he
witnessed
in
China
aroused
much
interest
among
his
countrymen.
Marco
Polo’s
journey
to
China
and
the
contents
of
the
7.
(vivid)
written
book,
The
Travels
of
Marco
Polo,
which
8.
(think)
to
be
a
fairy
tale
in
Europe
at
the
time,
triggered
a
wave
of
European
interest
in
the
Orient.
?
Marco
Polo’s
story
is
both
one
about
an
explorer’s
search
for
riches
and
a
Westerner
9.
(follow)
his
dream
to
reach
China.
More
than
700
years
later,
China,
the
once
mysterious
Oriental
nation,
is
igniting
the
Chinese
dream
of
many
modern
Marco
Polos,
attracted
by
its
rapid
10.
(develop)
and
its
growing
importance
in
the
world.
?
【文章大意】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。马可·波罗在17岁时就随父亲和叔叔来到中国,
看到了中国那时的发展情况。七百多年后的今天,
中国以其快速的发展和在世界上日益重要的地位吸引了更多人。
1.
【解析】off/out。考查动词短语。该句句意:
这三个人踏上了一条可能连最雄心勃勃的旅行者都害怕的道路。set
off/out为固定短语,
意为“启程,
出发”,
故可知答案。
2.
【解析】travelled/traveled。考查动词的时态。根据第一段第一句中的时间状语“More
than
700
years
ago”可知,
此处讲述的事情发生在七百多年前,
故用一般过去时。
3.
【解析】to
record。考查动词不定式。一路上,
他停下来详细记录当地的风俗、地理和人们的价值观,
以便向可汗汇报。根据语境可知,
空处表示停下来的目的,
故用动词不定式作目的状语。
4.
【解析】countless。考查形容词。根据语境可知,
他从东方带回了无数的珍宝,
一夜之间成了富翁。空处修饰名词treasures,
故用形容词形式,
再根据语境可知,
应填countless,
表示“数不尽的”。
5.
【解析】a。考查不定冠词。该处泛指“一位富翁”,
且wealthy的发音以辅音音素开头,
故用不定冠词a。
6.
【解析】What。考查主语从句。分析该句结构可知,
空处引导主语从句,
也在从句中作及物动词witnessed的宾语,
故用What引导该主语从句。
7.
【解析】vividly。考查副词。空处修饰动词written,
故用副词形式。
8.
【解析】was
thought。考查时态和语态。which指代The
Travels
of
Marco
Polo,
为从句的主语,
且该主语和动词think之间是被动关系,
故用被动语态;
再根据前文时态可知,
应用一般过去时。
9.
【解析】following。考查非谓语动词。a
Westerner和动词follow之间是主动关系,
且该处作后置定语,
故用动词-ing形式。
10.
【解析】development。考查名词。空前的形容词rapid修饰空处,
且空处与后面的importance并列,
故空处用名词形式。(共36张PPT)
课时提升作业
三十六 选修8
Unit
1 A
land
of
diversity
(限时35分钟)
Ⅰ.
阅读理解
A
(2021·广州模拟)
Many
people
wrongly
think
that
cities
don’t
have
farms
and
that
fruit
and
vegetables
are
only
grown
in
the
country.
Believe
it
or
not,
there
are
more
and
more
urban
farms
popping
up
in
cities
all
over
the
world.
Alexandra
Sullivan,
a
food
system
researcher
in
New
York
City,
studies
urban
agriculture.
Urban
agriculture
is
another
name
for
farming
and
gardening
in
a
city
environment.
Ms
Sullivan
studies
everything
from
tiny
gardens
in
empty
lots
between
buildings
to
bigger
fields
that
have
been
planted
and
grown.
According
to
Ms
Sullivan,
“Urban
agriculture
has
existed
since
cities
have,
across
the
world.
”
The
number
of
humans
living
in
urban
areas,
or
cities,
is
increasing.
The
amount
of
people
who
want
to
garden
in
urban
areas
is
also
rising.
Ms
Sullivan
says,
“In
small
gardens,
on
rooftops
and
indoors,
they
grow
fruit,
vegetables,
grains,
and
herbs,
and
raise
animals
to
produce
milk,
eggs,
honey,
and
meat.
They
use
these
foods
as
supplements
to
food
produced
by
rural
agriculture.
”
Even
though
some
people
who
live
in
urban
areas
grow
crops,
urban
residents
still
need
to
rely
on
food
grown
in
rural
areas.
This
is
because
a
city
doesn’t
have
enough
space
to
grow
enough
food
for
everyone
living
in
it.
In
New
York
City,
urban
farmers
have
come
up
with
many
different
ways
to
grow
their
own
produce,
even
though
there
isn’t
a
lot
of
room.
For
example,
Brooklyn
Grange
is
a
farming
operation
that
has
two
rooftop
vegetable
farms
in
New
York
City.
All
together,
the
farms
are
made
up
of
2.
5
acres
of
rooftop
space.
This
makes
Brooklyn
Grange
one
of
the
largest
rooftop
farming
operations
in
the
world.
Brooklyn
Grange
grows
all
kinds
of
things.
The
farming
company
sells
its
vegetables
to
local
residents
and
restaurants.
And
because
the
farms
are
on
the
rooftops,
they
are
specially
adapted
to
their
urban
location.
They
use
available
space
that
is
not
needed
for
anything
else.
As
more
urban
farmers
find
ways
to
grow
food
in
cities,
urban
residents
will
be
better
able
to
get
fresher
materials
for
their
meals.
【文章大意】文章主要介绍了都市农场方面的事情。
1.
Which
of
the
following
is
Ms
Sullivan’s
opinion
according
to
the
text?
A.
The
number
of
people
living
in
cities
is
increasing
slowly.
B.
Urban
residents
still
rely
on
food
grown
in
rural
areas
completely.
C.
Urban
agriculture
has
a
history
as
long
as
cities.
D.
Urban
agriculture
can
provide
huge
income.
【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句According
to
Ms
Sullivan,
“Urban
agriculture
has
existed
since
cities
have,
across
the
world.
”可知,
Sullivan女士认为都市农业拥有与城市一样长的历史。
2.
What
does
the
underlined
word
“they”
in
Paragraph
3
refer
to?
A.
Farmers.
B.
City
residents.
C.
Rural
residents.
D.
Companies.
【解析】选B。代词指代题。根据第三段可知,
住在城市里的人的数量在增长,
想要在城市里从事园艺的人的数量也在增长,
并结合该段Sullivan所说的话可推知they指的是“城市居民”。
3.
What
can
we
learn
about
Brooklyn
Grange
in
New
York
City
from
the
text?
A.
It
has
large
farming
areas.
B.
It
can
only
grow
single
products.
C.
It
produces
enough
food
for
citizens.
D.
It
makes
use
of
rooftop
space
to
grow
vegetables.
【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第四段“For
example,
Brooklyn
Grange
is
a
farming
operation
that
has
two
rooftop
vegetable
farms
in
New
York
City.
”可知,
Brooklyn
Grange利用屋顶上的空间种植蔬菜。
4.
What
may
be
the
best
title
for
the
text?
A.
Farms
in
Cities
B.
Future
Food
System
C.
Food
Grown
in
Cities
D.
Agriculture
of
New
York
City
【解析】选A。主旨大意题。纵观全文可知,
文章主要讲述都市农场,
城市居民利用有限的空间,
充分利用屋顶,
花园和家里种植蔬菜、水果、谷物和药草,
并饲养动物。文章就是围绕城市农场这一中心展开的,
因此
A项作为标题最合适。
B
Plant
a
trillion(万亿)trees?
The
goal
21-year-old
Felix
Finkbeiner
has
set
for
his
organization,
Plant-for-the-Planet,
is
on
the
ambitious
side.
Unrealistic,
though?
Not
if
you
consider
Felix’s
track
record
so
far.
After
founding
Plant-for-the-Planet
at
the
age
of
nine
in
2007,
Felix
had
already
passed
the
million-tree
mark
2010.
Today,
Plant-for-the-Planet’s
tree
counter
stands
at
well
over
15
billion.
This
began
with
a
school
presentation
on
climate
protection.
Having
been
impressed
by
Wangari
Maathai,
a
Kenyan
woman
whose
heroic
campaign
resulted
in
the
planting
of
30
million
trees
in
30
years
and
won
her,
in
2004,
the
Nobel
Prize,
Felix
ended
his
presentation
with
a
call
to
action,
“Let’s
plant
a
million
trees
in
every
country
on
earth!
”
“Being
fourth-graders,
we
probably
didn’t
have
the
clearest
idea
of
how
many
a
million
was,
”
Felix
recalls
with
a
smile.
That
didn’t
stop
them
from
getting
the
ball
rolling,
however.
Just
three
years
later,
Felix
and
his
friends
had
planted
a
million.
?
These
days,
Plant-for-the-Planet
functions
as
an
international
youth
organization.
“We
see
ourselves
as
climate
protection
advocates,
”Felix
explains.
In
one-day
workshops,
children
and
teens
can
apply
to
become
ambassadors
for
climate
justice.
This
involves
holding
presentations,
organizing
local
campaigns,
and
passing
their
training
on
to
others.
Some
63,
000
ambassadors
are
currently
active
in
58
countries.
When
it
comes
to
planting
trees,
Plant-for-the-Planet
also
works
with
other
organizations
to
ensure
a
high
standard
of
quality.
“We
make
sure
that
the
right
kinds
of
trees
are
planted
and,
ideally,
that
they
can
be
used
in
some
type
of
economic
activity,
”Felix
reports.
Felix
is
now
studying
international
relations
at
the
University
of
London.
“I
want
to
join
the
effort
to
solve
global
problems,
”
he
declares.
5.
How
many
trees
have
been
planted
by
the
program
so
far?
A.
Over
one
million.
B.
About
30
million.
C.
Over
15
billion.
D.
About
a
trillion.
【解析】选C。细节理解题。由第二段Today,
Plant-for-the-Planet’s
tree
counter
stands
at
well
over
15
billion这句话可知,
菲利斯·芬克拜纳和他的“植树救地球组织(Plant-for-the-Planet)”迄今为止已经种植了超过150亿棵树。
6.
What
do
we
know
about
Wangari
Maathai
from
the
text?
A.
She
set
a
good
example
to
Felix
Finkbeiner.
B.
She
encouraged
Felix
Finkbeiner
to
carry
on
with
his
plan.
C.
She
helped
Felix
Finkbeiner
with
his
Plant-for-the-Planet
program.
D.
She
taught
Felix
Finkbeiner
how
to
plant
so
many
trees
in
such
a
short
time.
【解析】选A。
推理判断题。由第三段Having
been
impressed
by
Wangari
Maathai,
a
Kenyan
woman
whose
heroic
campaign
resulted
in
the
planting
of
30
million
trees
in
30
years
and
won
her,
in
2004,
the
Nobel
Prize可知,
肯尼亚环保主义者旺加里·马塔伊(Wangari
Maathai)30年种了3000万棵树,
她的事迹深深打动了菲利斯·芬克拜纳。也就是说,
这位非洲杰出女性给菲利斯·芬克拜纳树立了好榜样。
7.
The
underlined
phrase
“getting
the
ball
rolling”
in
Paragraph
4
probably
means
“ ”.
?
A.
starting
doing
something
B.
offering
a
hand
to
someone
in
need
C.
developing
something
rapidly
D.
taking
part
in
a
ball
game
【解析】选A。词义猜测题。画线短语前一句说,
作为四年级学生,
菲利斯·芬克拜纳他们可能并不清楚一百万是什么概念。画线后一句说,
仅仅三年后,
菲利斯和他的朋友们就种植了一百万棵树。显然,
菲利斯和他的朋友们开始了他们雄心勃勃的植树计划。由此可推测get
the
ball
rolling的意思是“开始做某事(尤其是重大的事)”。
8.
What
is
the
author’s
purpose
in
writing
the
text?
A.
To
promote
the
Plant-for-the-Planet
program.
B.
To
report
the
heroic
deeds
of
a
young
man.
C.
To
raise
people’s
awareness
of
environmental
protection.
D.
To
call
on
more
people
to
become
ambassadors
for
climate
justice.
【解析】选B。目的意图题。文章讲述了Plant-for-the-Planet创始人菲利斯·芬克拜纳的事迹:
他要和小伙伴们一起种植1万亿棵新树。
Ⅱ.
阅读填句
(2021·杭州模拟)
阅读下面短文,
从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
How
do
you
relax
after
a
stressful
day
in
the
office?
There
are
many
ways
to
help
you
relax.
1
It
takes
a
little
effort
to
get
there
but
the
benefits
are
great
for
our
stressed-out
lives.
I
am
talking
about
the
activity
of
forest
bathing.
?
2 It
was
introduced
as
a
national
health
programme
by
the
country’s
government.
Stressed
Japanese
workers
are
today
still
relaxing
and
reconnecting
with
nature.
The
Forest
Therapy
Society
has
certified
62
forest
therapy
sites
in
the
country
and
the
forest
bathing
movement
is
also
booming
in
other
parts
of
the
world.
It
says,
“Just
as
bathing
in
a
hot
spring
helps
to
soak
your
cares
off,
going
for
a
walk
in
the
woods
is
said
to
have
a
comforting
effect.
”?
Forest
bathing
is
about
taking
time
to
wander
through
woodland
with
no
fixed
plan
or
route
and
just
expose
yourself
to
the
forest
atmosphere.
3
That’s
particularly
good
for
people
with
mental
health
issues.
A
study
conducted
in
24
forests
across
Japan
found
that
walking
among
trees
lowered
blood
pressure,
the
pulse
rate,
thus
improving
our
immune
systems.
4 ?
Another
study
carried
out
a
few
years
ago
by
Stanford
University
in
the
US,
found
similar
benefits.
Brain
scans
showed
reduced
activity
in
an
area
of
the
brain
linked
to
the
risk
of
mental
illness
in
participants
who
took
a
90-minute
walk
among
oaks,
birds
and
squirrels.
One
of
the
researchers,
Gregory
Bratman,
said,
“There’s
an
increasing
body
of
evidence
showing
that
natural
areas
benefit
us
at
least
emotionally
with
our
mood
and
our
physical
development
too.
”
The
evidence
seems
clear
that
forest
bathing
is
a
shot
in
the
arm
for
stressed-out
workers.
So
now
is
the
time
to
get
out
and
lose
yourself
in
the
natural
environment.
5 ?
A.
But
the
best
way
lies
in
the
great
outdoors.
B.
Connecting
with
nature
has
never
been
more
urgent.
C.
Forest
bathing
is
rising
in
popularity
around
the
world.
D.
Having
this
exposure
to
nature
seems
to
promote
well-being.
E.
You
could
even
hug
a
tree
as
it
could
be
your
new
best
friend!
F.
The
Japanese
concept
of
forest
bathing
dates
back
to
the
1980s.
G.
It
also
found
forest
bathing
could
decrease
stress,
anxiety,
and
depression.
【文章大意】本文是说明文。我们如何能够改善自己压抑的生活呢?
作者在文章中给出了建议——森林浴。
1.
【解析】选A。结合上文的“There
are
many
ways
to
help
you
relax”和下文的“the
activity
of
forest
bathing”可知,
作者认为放松有很多种方式,
下文又提到
forest
bathing这一户外活动,
故选A项“But
the
best
way
lies
in
the
great
outdoors”中的
the
best
way
呼应上文的many
ways,
great
outdoors
可以与文章中的
the
activity
of
forest
bathing相呼应。
2.
【解析】选F。结合下文的“It
was
introduced.
.
.
Stressed
Japanese
workers
are
today
still.
.
.
”可知,
下文都在讲述森林浴的相关内容,
而这与F项“The
Japanese
concept
of
forest
bathing
dates
back
to
the
1980s”(日本的森林浴概念可以追溯到20世纪80年代)相符。特别要注意关键词Japanese的匹配、空后的It指代选项中的forest
bathing及文章中的
today
still与选项中的dates
back
to的呼应。
3.
【解析】选D。结合上文提到的“expose
yourself
to
the
forest
atmosphere”和下文的“good
for
people
with
mental
health
issues”“lowered
blood
pressure,
the
pulse
rate,
thus
improving
our
immune
systems”可知,
森林浴让人接触森林,
体验大自然,
这也有利于身心健康。要注意文章中的
expose
与选项中的
exposure
的呼应,
且文中的“mental
health”“lowered
blood
pressure,
the
pulse
rate,
thus
improving
our
immune
systems”与选项D中的“promote
well-being”意义相符。
4.
【解析】选G。根据上文的“lowered
blood
pressure,
the
pulse
rate,
thus
improving
our
immune
systems”可知,
森林浴能够降低血压、脉搏,
提升免疫系统能力等,
这与G项“It
also
found
forest
bathing
could
decrease
stress,
anxiety,
and
depression”(研究还发现森林浴可以减少压力、焦虑和抑郁)语意较一致。该题要注意上文和选项中都提到了森林浴的好处,
同时也要注意lower与decrease的意义相近,
以及选项中的also所表达的上下文的承接性。选项中的It指代上文的A
study,
且与下文的“Another
study.
.
.
found”呼应。因此答案选G项。
5.
【解析】选E。结合上文的“The
evidence.
.
.
is
the
time
to
get
out
and.
.
.
”可知,
此处主要讲述我们需要到外面去,
拥抱大自然,
这与E项“You
could
even
hug
a
tree
as
it
could
be
your
new
best
friend!
”(你甚至可以拥抱一棵树,
因为它可能是你新的最好的朋友!
)的语意较一致。要注意选项中的even(甚至)的语气表示递进,
说明E项是对上文的进一步延伸,
故答案为E
项。
Ⅲ.
读后续写
阅读下面材料,
根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,
使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Once
in
a
kingdom,
a
man
named
Liam
protested
against(反对)the
King.
The
King
was
so
angry
because
he
didn’t
like
anyone
going
against
him
so
he
ordered
his
soldiers
to
arrest(逮捕)and
hang
the
man.
Liam
didn’t
show
any
fear
and
said,
“My
Lord,
I
will
gladly
accept
your
punishment
but
please
grant(允许)me
one
last
wish.
Please
give
me
some
time.
Before
dying
I
just
want
to
visit
my
home
and
see
my
children
one
last
time.
”
The
King
refused
his
request,
saying,
“No.
I
can’t
allow
it.
There
is
no
guarantee(担保)that
once
you
leave
you
will
come
back.
”
Just
then
a
man
from
the
crowd
came
forward
and
said,
“My
Lord,
please
arrest
me
instead
of
him
as
a
guarantee.
If
he
doesn’t
come
back
on
time,
you
can
hang
me
instead
of
him.
”
The
King
was
surprised
because
he
had
never
seen
a
man
who
would
offer
his
own
life
for
someone
else.
He
believed
that
there
was
no
real
friendship
in
the
world.
The
King
asked
him.
“Why
are
you
ready
to
take
this
person’s
place?
”
The
man
replied,
“My
Lord,
Liam
is
my
best
friend
and
I
have
trust
in
him.
He
is
a
man
who
always
keeps
his
promise.
I
am
sure
that
he
will
be
back
once
he
finishes
meeting
his
family.
”
The
King
agreed
and
allowed
Liam
to
leave
for
his
home.
He
was
given
six
hours
in
all.
He
would
need
one
hour
to
go
and
come
back
from
his
house,
so
he
had
at
most
five
hours
to
meet
his
family.
Liam
left
for
his
house.
He
met
his
family.
He
still
had
enough
time
to
reach
the
King’s
palace
before
the
time
of
his
hanging.
Liam
wanted
to
come
back
to
the
hanging
place
as
soon
as
possible,
but
on
his
way
he
fell
from
his
horse
and
got
hurt.
Because
of
this,
he
got
delayed(耽搁).
注意:
续写词数应为150左右。
At
the
same
time,
as
time
passed,
his
friend
was
being
held
and
prepared
for
hanging.
____________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
Listening
to
this,
Liam
went
up
to
his
friend
and
said___________________
_______________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
At
the
same
time,
as
time
passed,
his
friend
was
being
held
and
prepared
for
hanging.
His
friend
was
standing
on
board
to
be
hanged,
happy
to
give
his
own
life
for
him.
Just
as
his
friend
was
about
to
be
hanged,
Liam
arrived,
out
of
breath,
and
fell
to
the
ground.
Liam
shouted,
“Please
stop!
I
am
back.
Please
set
my
best
friend
free.
”
His
friend
replied,
“Liam!
You
are
finally
back.
I
would
be
happy
to
take
your
place
and
die
here.
”
Listening
to
this,
Liam
went
up
to
his
friend
and
said,
“My
friend,
thank
you
for
your
help.
Now
please
go.
This
is
my
punishment
and
I
should
face
it.
”
Seeing
this,
the
King
was
greatly
touched
by
their
friendship
and
said,
“I
forgive
you.
I
had
never
thought
that
you
would
keep
your
promise.
More
importantly,
your
true
friendship
has
made
a
deep
impression
on
me.
You
are
so
lucky
to
have
a
friend
who
has
trust
in
you
and
always
stays
by
your
side
no
matter
what
happens.
You
both
are
free
to
go.
”(共40张PPT)
课时提升作业
三十九 选修8
Unit
4 Pygmalion
(限时35分钟)
Ⅰ.
阅读理解
A
(2021·合肥模拟)
Most
of
Bangladesh
is
at
or
below
sea
level.
Rising
seawater
linked
to
climate
change
has
severely
affected
the
country.
High
water
from
storms
in
coastal
areas
also
adds
salt
to
soil.
The
land
is
becoming
salty.
Crops
are
less
productive
and
many
areas
of
cropland
in
the
country
are
becoming
unfit
for
farming.
These
are
big
problems
for
the
small
country.
More
than
155
million
people
live
in
Bangladesh.
Growing
crops
is
the
most
common
way
Bangladeshis
support
themselves.
To
find
a
way
out,
farmers
in
the
country
are
learning
to
grow
vegetables
in
so-called“vertical
gardens”.
The
soil
in
these
gardens
is
better
because
heavy
rains
have
removed
much
of
the
salt.
A
vertical
garden
is
easy
to
make.
Villagers
fill
containers
with
good
soil
and
natural
fertilizers.
They
put
the
containers
on
bricks
so
they
are
off
the
ground.
They
add
pieces
of
the
bricks
to
the
soil
to
help
water
flow
and
drain(排水).
The
farmers
cut
small
holes
into
the
sides
of
the
containers.
This
permits
vegetables
with
short
roots
a
place
to
grow.
Vegetables
with
long
roots
grow
on
top
of
the
container.
One
bag
of
soil
can
produce
up
to
eight
kilograms
of
vegetables
in
one
season.
The
farmers
also
grow
vegetables
in
containers
made
from
large,
thin
pieces
of
plastic
supported
by
bamboo.
This“vertical
tower”
measures
more
than
a
meter
wide.
Each
of
these
towers
can
produce
more
than
100
kilograms
of
vegetables.
It
costs
about
$12-$13
to
build.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。“农作物产量减少”是孟加拉国的一个大问题。为了找到出路,
这个国家的农民正在学习在所谓的“垂直花园”里种植蔬菜。
1.
What
is
mentioned
as
a
big
problem
for
Bangladesh?
A.
Severe
climate
conditions.
B.
Too
many
people
to
support.
C.
Lack
of
enough
fresh
water.
D.
Reduced
crop
productivity.
【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Crops
are
less
productive
and
many
areas
of
cropland
in
the
country
are
becoming
unfit
for
farming.
These
are
big
problems
for
the
small
country.
”可知,
“农作物产量减少”是孟加拉国的一个大问题。
2.
Which
mainly
makes
vegetables
growing
in
vertical
gardens
successful?
A.
Places
in
the
soil
for
roots.
B.
Heavy
rains
kept
in
the
soil.
C.
The
good
soil
with
little
salt.
D.
Brick
pieces
added
to
the
soil.
【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第二段的第二句“The
soil
in
these
gardens
is
better
because
heavy
rains
have
removed
much
of
the
salt.
”可知,
少盐的好土让垂直花园的蔬菜种植成功。
3.
What
does
the
underlined
word“they”
in
Paragraph
3
refer
to?
A.
Bricks.
B.
Fertilizers.
C.
Villagers.
D.
Containers.
【解析】选D。代词指代题。根据第三段可知,
垂直花园很容易建造。村民们用好土和天然肥料装满容器。他们把容器放在砖上,
这样它们就离地了。他们在土壤中加入砖块来帮助水流和排水。由此推断画线词they指代的是“容器”。
4.
What
can
we
infer
about
the
vertical
tower?
A.
It
is
off
the
ground.
B.
It
drains
very
improperly.
C.
It
uses
bamboo
for
containers.
D.
It
is
unfit
for
growing
vegetables.
【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据最后一段的前两句“The
farmers
also
grow
vegetables
in
containers
made
from
large,
thin
pieces
of
plastic
supported
by
bamboo.
This
‘vertical
tower’
measures
more
than
a
meter
wide.
”可知,
农民们也在由竹子支撑的大而薄的塑料片制成的容器里种植蔬菜。这个“vertical
tower”有一米多宽。
B
It
is
one
of
the
oldest
magic
tricks
in
the
book—a
magician
locks
a
woman
in
a
box,
with
her
head
and
feet
sticking
out
from
either
end,
and
saws(锯)
it
in
half.
But
when
she
finally
jumps
out
of
the
box
the
woman
is
unharmed.
This
trick
was
introduced
nearly
a
century
ago.
It
has
been
around
for
some
time,
but
it
never
goes
wrong.
Why
is
it
so
successful?
The
answer
is
simple:
The
human
mind
is
easily
fooled.
Our
brain
processes
the
world
around
us
based
on
information
that
sensory
organs,
including
the
eyes,
pick
up.
For
instance,
when
we
see
a
cow
or
a
horse
standing
behind
a
tree,
we
automatically“fill
in”
the
part
of
the
animal’s
body
that
is
hidden
from
our
sight.
“So
the
brain
is
taking
this
kind
of
very
sparse(匮乏的)
information
about
the
world
and
it’s
generating
this
rich
world
by
filling
in
information,
”Stephen
Macknik,
scientist
at
the
Barrow
Neurological
Institute
in
Arizona,
US,
told
Science
magazine.
But
since
our
brains
are
filling
in
the
gaps,
sometimes
they
get
it
wrong.
They
tend
to
be
driven
by
your
previous
experiences
and
you
expect
things
to
go
as
they
did
in
the
past
even
if
sometimes
they
do
not.
This
tendency
explains
magicians’
success
in
fooling
people
with
well-known
coin
tricks.
For
example,
when
you
see
a
magician
throw
a
coin
up
and
down
in
one
hand
and
then
fake
a
coin
thrown
to
the
other
hand,
you
would
naturally
believe
that
the
coin
is
in
the
other
hand.
Apart
from
the
information
gaps,
magicians
also
use
the“blind
spots”theory
when
doing
their
shows.
The
most
well
known
experiment
demonstrating
this
theory
is
called
the
“invisible
gorilla”,
in
which
volunteers
watch
a
video
of
two
basketball
teams.
They
are
asked
to
count
how
many
times
the
teams
wearing
white
shirts
pass
the
ball.
In
the
meantime,
a
person
dressed
as
a
gorilla
walks
onto
the
court.
But
shockingly,
half
of
the
viewers
don’t
notice
the
gorilla,
even
when
they
appear
to
be
looking
directly
at
it.
Magicians
employ
this
trick,
what
they
call“misdirection”,
in
almost
every
one
of
their
acts.
They
direct
our
attention
somewhere
else
using
comedy
and
music,
which
can
make
us
miss
stuff
during
the
performance.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一些著名的魔术以及魔术师在表演过程中所使用的一些原理。
5.
For
what
purpose
is
the
magic
trick
mentioned
in
the
first
paragraph?
A.
To
introduce
the
steps
of
the
magic
trick.
B.
To
prove
magic
tricks
seldom
go
wrong.
C.
To
show
how
magic
tricks
are
designed.
D.
To
get
readers
to
wonder
about
magic
tricks.
【解析】选D。写作意图题。根据第一段可知,
文章描述了一个大家都熟悉的魔术场景,
目的是吸引读者的注意力,
让读者对魔术感到好奇。
6.
What
theory
do
the
magicians
use
in
coin
tricks?
A.
Information
gaps.
B.
Blind
spots.
C.
Misdirection.
D.
Invisible
gorilla.
【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第三、四段及第五段第一句可知,
魔术师取得硬币戏法的成功是利用了信息断层的原理。
7.
Why
do
volunteers
watching
the
video
ignore
the“gorilla”
in
the
experiment?
A.
They
don’t
look
directly
at
it.
B.
They
are
not
interested
in
it.
C.
They
are
too
focused
on
counting.
D.
They
consider
it
to
be
a
distraction.
【解析】选C。推理判断题。通读全文尤其是第六段第一句中的“use
the
‘blind
spots’
theory”可知,
“invisible
gorilla”实验证明了盲点理论;
再根据最后一段第一句中的“misdirection”可知,
这一实验之所以有这样的结果,
是因为在实验中用到了误导策略。由此可推知,
实验参与者被要求去数穿白色衣服球队的传球数目,
导致参与者的精力全都集中在数数上了,
所以他们看不到大猩猩。
Ⅱ.
完形填空
John
Carpenter
didn’t
like
to
buy
toys.
He
liked
the
fun
of
1
them
himself.
The
thought
that
they
were
his
own
works
2
him.
?
Tom,
one
of
his
playmates,
thought
a
toy
was
worth
nothing
3
it
cost
a
great
deal
of
money.
“Come
and
look
at
my
horse,
”
said
Tom,
one
day.
“It
4
a
dollar,
and
it
is
such
a
beauty!
”
John
was
soon
5
his
friend’s
horse,
and
hew
as
examining
it
6
to
see
how
it
was
made.
The
same
evening
he
tried
to
make
a
7
one
for
himself.
He
went
into
the
wood
shed
and
8
two
pieces
of
wood—
one
for
the
head
of
his
horse,
the
other
for
the
body.
It
took
him
two
or
three
days
to
shape
them
to
his
9 .
But
what
about
the
wheels?
This
10
him.
With
great
efforts,
he
finally
got
some
11
pieces
of
wood
which
could
suit
his
12 .
He
ran
to
his
friend
Tom
to
show
his
great
work.
?
“You
made
it
yourself!
Oh,
well,
it’s
a
good
horse
for
you
to
make.
But
it
is
not
as
good
as
mine.
Mine
cost
a
13 ,
and
yours
didn’t
cost
anything,
”
said
Tom.
?
“It
was
real
fun
to
make
it,
though,
”
said
John,
and
away
he
ran
with
his
horse
14
after
him.
?
Does
it
really
cost
nothing
and
all
his
efforts
are
15 ?
Of
course
not,
I
will
tell
you.
John
Carpenter
now
is
a
master
workman,
and
will
soon
have
a
shop
of
his
own.
?
【文章大意】你是喜欢自己亲手制作玩具,
还是花钱买玩具呢?
很多人会觉得花钱买的才有价值。其实当你发现自己动手制作玩具的乐趣时,
你才能了解其真正的意义。
1.
A.
collecting
B.
making
C.
doing
D.
inventing
【解析】选B。根据上一句“约翰·卡朋特不喜欢买玩具”可推知,
约翰喜欢自己制作(making)玩具的那份快乐。
2.
A.
concerned
B.
annoyed
C.
amazed
D.
delighted
【解析】选D。根据上文“He
liked
the
fun
of
them
himself.
”可知,
他喜欢自己制作玩具的乐趣,
可见这些玩具都是他自己的作品的想法让他非常高兴(delighted)。?
3.
A.
since
B.
in
case
C.
unless
D.
as
if
【解析】选C。根据上下文可知,
他的一个玩伴汤姆,
认为除非(unless)花很多金钱买来的玩具,
否则一文不值。
4.
A.
used B.
cost
C.
wasted
D.
needed
【解析】选B。此处指马花了一美元。cost意为“花费”。
5.
A.
searching
B.
feeling
C.
admiring
D.
attending
【解析】选C。根据下文约翰仔细观察,
研究如何做的,
然后自己做了一匹马可知,
当约翰看到他朋友的马,
很快就欣赏(admiring)起这匹马来,
看看是怎么做出来的。
6.
A.
patiently
B.
casually
C.
willingly
D.
hurriedly
【解析】选A。从空后的“to
see
how
it
was
made”以及下文所做的玩具马可知,
他耐心地(patiently)观察着。
7.
A.
vivid
B.
common
C.
similar
D.
rare
【解析】选C。根据上文可知,
他非常喜欢汤姆的马,
所以同一天晚上他试着给自己做一个类似的(similar)马。
8.
A.
picked
out
B.
took
up
C.
picked
up
D.
came
over
【解析】选A。根据常识可知,
他走进木棚,
挑选(picked
out)出两块木头,
一块做马头,
另一块做身体。
9.
A.
surprise
B.
regret
C.
relief
D.
satisfaction
【解析】选D。结合选项,
再根据后文内容可推知,
此处表示他花了两三天时间才做出令他满意的(to
his
satisfaction)形状。
10.
A.
excited
B.
cheered
C.
puzzled
D.
amused
【解析】选C。根据前一句“But
what
about
the
wheels?
”及后一句“With
great
efforts,
he
finally
got
some pieces
of
wood”可知,
他不知道用什么做轮子,
因此这让他很困惑(puzzled)。?
11.
A.
flat
B.
rough
C.
sharp
D.
round
【解析】选D。根据常识可知,
轮子是圆形的,
肯定要用圆的(round)木头。
12.
A.
approach
B.
curiosity
C.
concern
D.
purpose
【解析】选D。他挑选这几块圆木是为了满足他做轮子的意图(purpose)。
13.
A.
pound
B.
bill
C.
note
D.
dollar
【解析】选D。根据上文的It
a
dollar可知,
汤姆说他的马是花一美元买的。?
14.
A.
rolling
B.
slipping
C.
passing
D.
marching
【解析】选A。约翰做的是有轮子的马,
所以轮子是滚动(rolling)的。
15.
A.
for
sure
B.
in
vain
C.
in
order
D.
in
case
【解析】选B。根据空前“Does
it
really
cost
nothing(这真的没有什么价值吗?
)”和空后的内容可判断这里是问“他所有的努力都白费了(in
vain)吗”?
Ⅲ.
语法填空
阅读下面短文,
在空白处填入1个适当单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Iceland
is
a
land
of
volcanoes.
Nowhere
is
1.
(evident)
than
on
the
Westman
Islands
off
the
southern
coast
of
Iceland.
Here,
2.
(century)
of
volcanic
eruptions
formed
many
eye-catching
sea
cliffs(悬崖),
among
3.
one
stands
out:
A
part
of
the
volcano-formed
coast
on
Heimaey
looks
exactly
like
the
head
of
a
large
elephant
4.
(stick)
its
trunk
in
the
water.
?
In
fact,
it
looks
so
much
like
an
elephant
that
many
people
think
it
must
have
been
shaped
by
humans.
That
is
not
5.
case,
however.
The
elephant’s
realistic
6.
(appear)
is,
at
least
partially,
due
to
the
fact
that
the
cliff
7.
(consist)
of
a
special
rock.
The
rock
gives
the
figure
“skin”
that
looks
wrinkled
and
gray,
just
like
that
of
a
real
elephant.
?
The
most
common
theory
is
that
the
rock
formations
came
from
the
Eldfell
Volcano,
which
8.
(erupt)
many
times
since
the
1940s.
?
In
spite
of
the
strong
resemblance
to
an
elephant,
some
people
9.
(actual)
see
something
different
when
they
look
at
the
rock
formation.
They
see
the
fictional
character
Cthulhu,
a
sea
beast.
?
Whether
you
see
an
elephant
10.
a
fictional
beast,
as
one
of
many
attractions
on
Heimaey,
the
rock
does
draw
curious
sightseers.
?
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文,
主要介绍了冰岛南部海岸的韦斯特曼纳群岛上一处由火山喷发形成的形状外观类似大象的景观。
1.
【解析】more
evident。考查形容词的比较级。根据空后的“than”判断,
此处表示比较概念,
故用比较级。evident的比较级为more
evident。
2.
【解析】centuries。考查名词的复数。century是可数名词,
前面没有修饰语,
故用复数形式centuries。
3.
【解析】which。考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,
两个句子之间是逗号,
而且没有连词,
故判断逗号后部分是非限制性定语从句。先行词是sea
cliffs,
所以介词后接which引导的定语从句。故填which。
4.
【解析】sticking。考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,
此处为非谓语动词短语作后置定语,
被修饰词elephant和动词stick之间是主动关系,
故用现在分词形式sticking。
5.
【解析】the。考查冠词。the
case
表示“实情,
事实”,
that
is
not
the
case事实并非如此。故填定冠词the。
6.
【解析】appearance。考查词性转换。名词所有格elephant’s和形容词realistic后面需跟名词,
而且谓语是is,
所以用名词的单数形式。故填appearance。
7.
【解析】consists。考查动词的时态和主谓一致。此处是介绍一个景观,
而且主语是单数名词cliff,
所以谓语动词应该用一般现在时的第三人称单数形式。consist
of
“由……组成”,
没有被动形式。故填consists。
8.
【解析】has
erupted。考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语“since
the
1940s”判断,
句子应用现在完成时,
因为which指代the
Eldfell
Volcano,
是单数,
所以此处应填
has
erupted。
9.
【解析】actually。考查副词。修饰动词see应用副词形式,
故填actually。
10.
【解析】or。考查连词。whether.
.
.
or.
.
.
表示“不管是……还是……”。故填or。(共31张PPT)
课时提升作业
三十八 选修8
Unit
3 Inventors
and
inventions
(限时35分钟)
Ⅰ.
阅读理解
A
Teen
Tour
Camps
at
Summer
Camps.
com
Rock-N-Water
Christian
Camps
Lotus,
California,
United
States
Duration:
4
weeks
Founded
in
1989,
Rock-N-Water
is
a
group
of
highly
trained
Christians
who
want
to
impact
young
people
with
the
joy
of
God’s
Living
Word.
We
focus
our
program
on
biblical
principles,
and
we
use
the
help
of
nature,
friendship,
and
challenge
to
develop
character
and
have
ridiculous
amounts
of
fun.
Odyssey
Expeditions:
Caribbean
Road
Town,
Tortola
Duration:
3
weeks
Odyssey
Expeditions
offers
tropical
sailing
and
scuba
diving
adventures
for
teenagers,
with
marine
biology,
water
sports,
and
scuba
certifications
at
exciting
Caribbean
locations.
Established
in
1995,
Odyssey
is
the
best
opportunity
to
safely
explore
the
Caribbean
aboard
a
beautiful
sailing
catamaran.
No
experience
necessary.
Reserve
your
spot
before
availability.
Small
groups
of
9-12
allow
you
to
have
the
most
fun!
The
G2
Academy
Golf
Camp
Bluffton,
South
Carolina
Duration:
variable
The
summer
program
at
G2
is
designed
specifically
for
girls
empowering
them
for
their
future
success.
Students
can
join
weekly
sessions
or
stay
the
entire
summer!
While
participating
in
the
G2
Academy
Summer
Program,
students
receive
G2
Proprietary
Training
in
golf,
mental
toughness,
physical
fitness,
nutrition,
and
empowerment.
Berklee’s
Aspire:
Music
Performance
Intensive
Boston,
Massachusetts,
United
States
Duration:
5
weeks
Berklee’s
Aspire
will
give
you
a
taste
of
Berklee,
the
preeminent
institute
of
contemporary
music
and
the
performing
arts.
Whether
you
are
in
middle
school,
high
school,
or
beyond,
there
is
a
Berklee
summer
program
in
music,
theater,
and/or
dance
for
you.
You’ll
enjoy
access
to
Berklee’s
state-of-the-art
facilities
as
you
learn
from
faculty
who
are
the
very
best
at
what
they
do,
joined
by
students
from
all
over
the
world.
【文章大意】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了SummerCamps.
com网站上的4个不同的青少年夏令营活动。
1.
Which
tour
camp
do
you
need
to
book
in
advance?
A.
The
G2
Academy
Golf
Camp.
B.
Rock-N-Water
Christian
Camps.
C.
Odyssey
Expeditions:
Caribbean.
D.
Berklee’s
Aspire:
Music
Performance
Intensive.
【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据Odyssey
Expeditions:
Caribbean中的“Reserve
your
spot
before
availability.
”可知,
该活动需要提前预订。故选C。
2.
What
is
the
primary
focus
for
Berklee’s
Aspire
tour
camp?
A.
Adventure.
B.
Sports.
C.
Music.
D.
Religion.
【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据Berklee’s
Aspire:
Music
Performance
Intensive可知,
Berklee’s
Aspire夏令营的重点活动是密集的音乐表演。故选C。
3.
What
is
unique
about
The
G2
Academy
Golf
Camp?
A.
It
offers
scuba
certifications.
B.
It
is
based
on
Christian
principles.
C.
It
requires
no
previous
experience.
D.
It
is
intended
for
girls
only.
【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据The
G2
Academy
Golf
Camp中的“The
summer
program
at
G2
is
designed
specifically
for
girls
empowering
them
for
their
future
success.
”可知,
G2的暑期项目是专门为女孩们设计的。故选D。
B
Twenty-one
years
ago,
my
husband
gave
me
Sam,
an
eight-week-old
schnauzer(雪纳瑞犬),
to
help
me
ease
the
loss
of
our
daughter.
Sam
and
I
developed
a
very
special
bond
over
the
next
years.
At
one
point,
my
husband
and
I
decided
to
move
to
a
new
home
in
New
Jersey.
Our
neighbor,
whose
cat
had
recently
had
kittens,
asked
if
we
would
like
one.
We
were
a
little
apprehensive
about
Sam’s
jealousy
and
how
he
would
handle
his
turf(地盘)
being
invaded,
but
we
decided
to
risk
it.
We
picked
a
little,
gray,
playful
ball
of
Fur.
She
raced
around
chasing
imaginary
mice
and
squirrels
and
jumped
from
table
to
chair
in
the
blink
of
an
eye,
so
we
named
her
Lightning.
At
first,
Sam
and
Lightning
were
very
cautious
with
each
other
and
kept
their
distance.
But
slowly,
Lightning
started
following
Sam—up
the
stairs,
down
the
stairs,
into
the
kitchen.
Later,
when
they
slept,
it
was
always
together;
when
they
ate,
it
was
always
next
to
each
other.
When
I
took
either
one
out,
the
other
was
always
waiting
by
the
door
when
we
returned.
That
was
the
way
it
was
for
years.
Then,
without
any
warning,
Sam
was
diagnosed
as
having
a
weak
heart.
I
had
no
other
choice
but
to
have
him
put
down.
The
pain
was
nothing
compared
with
what
I
experienced
when
I
had
to
walk
into
our
house
alone.
This
time,
there
was
no
Sam
for
Lightning
to
greet
and
no
way
to
explain
why
she
would
never
see
her
friend
again.
In
the
following
days,
Lightning
seemed
heart-broken.
I
could
see
the
disappointment
in
her
eyes
whenever
anyone
opened
the
front
door,
or
the
hope
whenever
she
heard
a
dog
bark.
One
day
as
I
walked
into
our
living
room,
I
happened
to
see
Lightning
was
lying
next
to
the
sculptured
replica(复制品)
of
Sam
that
we
had
bought
a
few
years
ago,
one
arm
wrapped
around
the
statue’s
neck,
contentedly
sleeping
with
her
best
friend.
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文,
主要讲述了一只猫和一只宠物狗之间的友谊。当宠物狗死了之后,
猫很伤心,
当发现宠物狗的雕像时,
它很开心地睡在了它“朋友”的身边。
4.
What
does
the
underlined
word“apprehensive”
in
Paragraph
2
mean?
A.
Shocked.
B.
Curious.
C.
Worried.
D.
Eager.
【解析】选C。词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“.
.
.
Sam’s
jealousy
and
how
he
would
handle
his
turf
being
invaded,
but
we
decided
to
risk
it.
”可知,
作者害怕领养一只猫会对宠物狗造成不好的影响。故选C。
5.
How
did
Sam
get
along
with
Lightning
at
first?
A.
Lightning
followed
Sam
everywhere
it
went.
B.
They
fought
with
each
other
fiercely.
C.
They
kept
a
certain
distance
from
each
other.
D.
Sam
was
unfriendly
to
Lightning.
【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第四段中的“At
first,
Sam
and
Lightning
were
very
cautious
with
each
other
and
kept
their
distance.
”可知,
起初Sam
和Lightning都对对方很谨慎,
保持一定距离。故选C。
6.
What
can
we
infer
from
the
text?
A.
Lightning
knew
Sam
had
died.
B.
Sam
means
a
lot
to
Lightning.
C.
We
took
Lightning
home
to
accompany
Sam.
D.
Sam
came
back
to
stay
with
Lightning
again.
【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据最后一段的介绍可知,
作者一天进屋时发现Lightning躺在Sam的复制品的旁边,
一个爪子搭在雕像的脖子上,
和她的好朋友心满意足地入睡了,
由此可推知,
Sam对于Lightning来说很重要。故选B。
7.
What
can
be
the
best
title
of
the
text?
A.
The
Friendship
Between
Sam
and
Lightning
B.
The
Coming
of
Sam
and
Lightning
C.
The
Death
of
Sam
to
Lightning
D.
The
Importance
of
Sam
to
Us
【解析】选A。标题归纳题。本文主要讲述了一只猫和一只宠物狗之间的友谊,
当宠物狗死了之后,
猫很伤心,
当发现宠物狗的雕像时,
它很开心地睡在其“朋友”的身边。故选A。
C
Almost
every
day
we
come
across
situations
in
which
we
have
to
make
decisions
one
way
or
another.
Choice,
we
are
given
to
believe,
is
a
right.
But
for
a
good
many
people
in
the
world,
in
rich
and
poor
countries,
choice
is
a
luxury,
something
wonderful
but
hard
to
get,
not
a
right.
And
for
those
who
think
they
are
exercising
their
right
to
make
choices,
the
whole
system
is
merely
an
illusion,
a
false
idea
created
by
companies
and
advertisers,
hoping
to
sell
their
products.
The
endless
choices
give
birth
to
anxiety
in
people’s
lives.
Buying
something
as
basic
as
a
coffee
pot
is
not
exactly
simple.
Easy
access
to
a
wide
range
of
everyday
goods
leads
to
a
sense
of
powerlessness
in
many
people,
ending
in
the
shopper
giving
up
and
walking
away,
or
just
buying
an
unsuitable
item
that
is
not
really
wanted.
Recent
studies
in
England
have
shown
that
many
electrical
goods
bought
in
almost
every
family
are
not
really
needed.
More
difficult
decision-making
is
then
either
avoided
or
trusted
into
the
hands
of
the
professionals,
lifestyle
instructors,
or
advisors.
It
is
not
just
the
availability
of
the
goods
that
is
the
problem,
but
the
speed
with
which
new
types
of
products
come
on
the
market.
Advances
in
design
and
production
help
quicken
the
process.
Products
also
need
to
have
a
short
lifespan
so
that
the
public
can
be
persuaded
to
replace
them
within
a
short
time.
The
typical
example
is
computers,
which
are
almost
out-of-date
once
they
are
bought.
This
indeed
makes
selection
a
problem.
Gone
are
the
days
when
one
could
just
walk
with
ease
into
a
shop
and
buy
one
thing;
no
choice,
no
anxiety.
【文章大意】本文主要分析了在面临购物选择时,
人们需要做出艰难的决定。
8.
What
does
the
author
try
to
argue
in
Paragraph
1?
A.
The
practice
of
choice
is
difficult.
B.
The
right
of
choice
is
given
but
at
a
price.
C.
Choice
and
right
exist
at
the
same
time.
D.
The
exercise
of
rights
is
a
luxury.
【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第一段“But
for
a
good
many
people
in
the
world,
in
rich
and
poor
countries,
choice
is
a
luxury,
something
wonderful
but
hard
to
get,
not
a
right.
”可知,
选择的实践过程是很难的。故选A。
9.
Why
do
more
choices
of
goods
give
rise
to
anxiety?
A.
People
are
likely
to
find
themselves
overcome
by
business
persuasion.
B.
Shoppers
may
find
themselves
lost
in
the
broad
range
of
items.
C.
Companies
and
advertisers
are
often
misleading
about
the
range
of
choice.
D.
Professionals
find
it
hard
to
decide
on
a
suitable
product.
【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第二段“Easy
access
to
a
wide
range
of
everyday
goods
leads
to
a
sense
of
powerlessness
in
many
people,
ending
in
the
shopper
giving
up
and
walking
away,
or
just
buying
an
unsuitable
item
that
is
not
really
wanted.
”可知,
更多选择商品的机会增加了焦虑是因为购物者可能会发现自己在各种各样的商品中迷失了。故选B。
10.
By
using
computers
as
an
example,
the
author
wants
to
prove
that
.
?
A.
products
of
the
latest
design
flood
the
market
B.
competitions
are
fierce
in
high-tech
industry
C.
everyday
goods
need
to
be
replaced
often
D.
advanced
products
meet
the
needs
of
people
【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Advances
in
design
and
production
help
quicken
the
process.
Products
also
need
to
have
a
short
lifespan
so
that
the
public
can
be
persuaded
to
replace
them
within
a
short
time.
The
typical
example
is
computers,
which
are
almost
out-of-date
once
they
are
bought.
”可知,
日益更新的产品源源不断地涌入市场,
尤其电脑产品更是如此。故选A。
11.
What
is
this
passage
mainly
about?
A.
The
opinions
on
people’s
right
in
different
countries.
B.
The
problems
about
the
availability
of
everyday
goods.
C.
The
helplessness
in
purchasing
decisions.
D.
The
variety
of
choices
in
modern
society.
【解析】选C。主旨大意题。通读全文可知,
本文主要分析了人们在面临购物选择时,
做出决定的艰难。故选C。
Ⅱ.
阅读填句
阅读下面短文,
从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Cold
Weather
Is
Good
for
You
With
winter
approaching,
people
begin
to
complain
about
cold
weather.
1
There’s
plenty
to
love
about
cold
weather.
And
there’s
plenty
of
evidence
that
cooler
temperatures
can
be
part
of
a
healthy
life.
?
First,
cooler
temperatures
can
help
you
lose
weight.
It
can
also
help
you
sleep
better.
You
might
feel
uncomfortable
at
first
if
you
cool
your
bedroom
down.
But
if
you,
for
example,
switch
your
bedroom
temperature
from
72
down
to
62
degrees
gradually
over
a
few
weeks,
your
body
will
adjust.
2 ?
I
have
long
kept
my
winter
house
temperature
at
62
degrees.
How
did
I
find
that
number?
Well,
I
experimented
on
myself
about
eight
years
ago.
3
I
started
at
66
and
turned
it
down
one
degree
every
few
days
until
60.
I
found
when
the
temperature
was
colder
than
62,
I
couldn’t
focus.
But
62
was
perfect.
Another
benefit
for
me
was
that
it
also
kept
me
clear-headed
while
working
at
home.
?
Interestingly,
science
also
says
62
degrees
is
the
magic
number
for
brainwork.
4
It
said
62
degrees
was
the
temperature
at
which
the
schoolboy
subjects
of
the
study
functioned
perfect.
And
while
we’re
speaking
of
work
and
school,
other
research
shows
that
people
study
better
when
the
weather
outside
is
“bad”.
?
5
But
according
to
a
Harvard
Health
Letter
from
2010,
proper
cold
temperatures
could
be
good
for
skin
because
it
trains
blood
vessels
in
the
skin
to
be
responsive.
So,
rosy
cheeks!
There’s
no
reason
to
be
afraid
of
winter
weather.
Hug
it
and
you,
too,
can
enjoy
the
season.
?
A.
I
recently
read
a
1972
study.
B.
And
you’ll
save
money
on
energy
costs
as
well.
C.
Many
people
like
to
use
cold
water
to
wash
their
face.
D.
At
that
time,
I
worked
at
home
and
liked
warm
temperature.
E.
Most
of
us
think
cold
weather
leads
to
dry
skin
and
wrinkling.
F.
The
reason
was
that
I
hated
spending
money
on
heating
bills.
G.
But
if
you’re
active
and
healthy,
it
doesn’t
have
to
be
a
negative
thing.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。作者从自身经验出发论证了低温对身体健康的好处,
比如:
低温可以帮助你减肥,
它也能帮助你睡得更好。且这一论点已经得到了科学的论证。
1.
【解析】选G。根据下文“There’s
plenty
to
love
about
cold
weather.
”可推测,
上文是提出寒冷的天气也未必是一件坏事,
故选G。
2.
【解析】选B。上文是举例说明低温对身体的好处,
空处应是对这一行为的继续说明,
故B项“低温也可以节省能源成本”切题。
3.
【解析】选F。根据语境可知,
空处是作者描述自己这么做的原因,
故F项“原因是我讨厌把钱花在取暖费上”切题。
4.
【解析】选A。上文说科学研究证明62度是脑力劳动的神奇数字,
故可知下文要提到科学方面的研究,
空后的It
said中的It指代A项中的1972
study,
故选A。
5.
【解析】选E。But为转折连词,
即前后文意思相反,
故前文应为人们对低温的误解,
故E项“我们大多数人认为寒冷的天气会导致皮肤干燥和皱纹”切题。
