(共58张PPT)
二十九 选择性必修 第二册
Unit
5 A
delicate
world
(限时35分钟)
Ⅰ.
阅读理解
A
(2021·衡水模拟)
One
of
the
costs
of
being
a
lover
of
old
trees
is
the
all-too-frequent
loss
of
a
beautiful
soul
you’ve
grown
fond
of.
Last
summer
was
harder
than
most
for
old
trees
and
their
human
supporters.
The
spring’s
nonstop
rains
flooded
soils
and
caused
root
systems
of
many
large,
old
trees
to
rot
in
part.
Then,
when
the
summer
came,
trees
could
not
tap
deep
sources
of
water
that
would
normally
have
maintained
them.
Many
valuable
old
trees
died.
?
When
I
volunteered
on
the
Mount
Rainier
Tree
Commission,
I
heard
from
many
people
concerned
about
their
trees.
We
had
little
to
offer
them.
That’s
because
public
and
private
urban
tree
resources
and
programs
were
aimed
almost
entirely
at
planting
trees
and
not
at
all
maintaining
trees.
No
state
or
province
program
that
I
could
find
provided
any
financial
resources
for
maintaining
tree
health.
Small
and
under-resourced
cities
such
as
ours
were
on
their
own.
This
is
backward.
Scientists
are
learning
that
large,
old
trees
are
the
most
valuable,
especially
in
cities.
They
put
on
wood
fastest
and
take
the
most
carbon
out
of
the
air.
They
harbor
the
most
wildlife.
They
can
lower
summer
temperatures
by
20
degrees
or
more.
In
a
recent
study,
researchers
found
that
Boston
would
get
more
benefit
from
keeping
the
trees
it
has
alive
than
from
planting
new
trees.
There’s
the
reason
to
think
this
finding
would
apply
in
other
cities,
too.
Now,
our
public
and
private
tree
programs
often
ignore
old
trees
until
it
is
too
late.
As
long
as
we
abandon
our
old
trees,
planting
more
is
merely
to
keep
pace
with
growing
losses.
We
want
trees
to
help
protect
us,
but
we
leave
them
unprotected.
Consider
this
in
the
human
world.
Nobody
would
send
a
baby
into
the
world
and
expect
it
to
just
make
it.
Children
need
caring
for
and
it’s
why
we
have
schools
and
child
health-insurance
programs.
We
could
get
so
much
more
out
of
our
trees
if
we
just
put
a
little
more
into
them.
【文章大意】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文,
通过对一些古树死去和大树能够提供人们的资源的描述,
来提倡我们要保护树木,
这样才能从树木身上获取更多的益处。
1.
What
does
the
underlined
part
in
Paragraph
1
suggest?
A.
Strong
determination
to
plant
trees.
B.
Real
regret
at
growing
old
trees.
C.
Great
concern
about
tree
problems.
D.
Deep
love
for
valuable
old
trees.
【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据第一段
Last
summer
was
harder
than
most
for
old
trees
and
their
human
supporters.
.
.
Many
valuable
old
trees
died.
可知,
去年夏天对于古树和古树爱好者来说都很艰难,
因为古树被破坏了。由此可以推断画线处主要描述的是古树爱好者对古树的爱。
2.
Why
was
the
author
almost
powerless
to
help
people
worried
about
their
trees?
A.
The
urban
tree
programs
were
faced
with
financial
problems.
B.
The
author’s
knowledge
of
maintaining
tree
health
was
limited
C.
The
focus
of
the
tree
resources
and
programs
was
on
tree
planting.
D.
The
organization
the
author
volunteered
on
was
short
of
tree
experts.
【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第二段
When
I
volunteered
on
the
Mount
Rainier
Tree
Commission,
I
heard
from
many
people
concerned
about
their
trees.
We
had
little
to
offer
them.
That’s
because
public
and
private
urban
tree
resources
and
programs
were
aimed
almost
entirely
at
planting
trees
and
not
at
all
maintaining
trees.
可知,
作者无力帮助担心树木的人们,
是因为树木资源和计划的重点是植树。
3.
The
author
argues
in
Paragraph
3
by
_______.
?
A.
comparing
different
cases
B.
presenting
research
findings
C.
referring
to
scientists’
sayings
D.
carrying
out
some
experiments
【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据文章第三段
In
a
recent
study,
researchers
found
that
Boston
would
get
more
benefit
from
keeping
the
trees
it
has
alive
than
from
planting
new
trees.
There’s
the
reason
to
think
this
finding
would
apply
in
other
cities,
too.
可知,
本段是通过提出调查结果来进行论证的。
4.
Why
does
the
author
give
the
example
of
nursing
babies
in
the
end?
A.
To
stress
the
importance
of
tree
insurance
programs.
B.
To
show
the
close
connection
between
trees
and
babies.
C.
To
advocate
protecting
trees
as
humans
care
for
babies.
D.
To
persuade
human
beings
to
pay
more
attention
to
babies.
【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据最后一段
Consider
this
in
the
human
world.
Nobody
would
send
a
baby
into
the
world
and
expect
it
to
just
make
it.
Children
need
caring
for
and
it’s
why
we
have
schools
and
child
health-insurance
programs.
We
could
get
so
much
more
out
of
our
trees
if
we
just
put
a
little
more
into
them.
可知,
作者是在呼吁人们要关心和保护树木。
【词汇积累】
rot v.
腐烂
maintain
vt.
维持;
继续
benefit
from
从……受益
keep
pace
with
保持同步
B
(2021·衡水模拟)
Coral
reefs
are
a
necessary
part
of
sea
life
and
support
it
by
providing
shelter
and
habitat
to
various
organisms.
They
also
supply
and
recycle
nutrients
as
well
as
enable
a
fish
population
to
boom,
along
with
other
species,
for
a
healthy
and
diverse
ecosystem.
However,
the
rise
in
average
water
temperatures
due
to
climate
change
has
resulted
in
more
frequent
and
extended
“coral
bleaching
(珊瑚白化)”
events
that
damage
their
health,
causing
fish
and
other
sea
species
to
abandon
them.
In
order
to
repair
this
delicate
ecosystem,
scientists
from
the
UK
and
Australia
conducted
a
study
that
involved
using
speakers
underwater
near
damaged
coral
reefs
to
make
them
sound
healthy
and
attract
fish,
potentially
starting
the
natural
recovery
press
of
coral
reefs
and
their
dependent
life
forms.
The
location
for
this
experiment
was
the
Great
Barrier
Reef
in
the
Coral
Sea
found
alongside
the
east
coast
of
Queensland
Australia,
which
is
famous
to
have
the
largest
coral
reef
system
in
the
world
that’s
2,
300
kilometers
long
and
covers
an
area
of
nearly
344,
400
square
kilometers.
By
using
loudspeakers
to
reproduce
such
sounds,
areas
of
dead
coral
reefs
were
found
to
attract
twice
as
many
fish,
compared
to
places
where
no
sounds
were
played.
These
returning
fish
could
help
in
the
recovery
of
this
ecosystem
by
giving
those
areas
of
coral
a
chance
of
new
life.
“Fish
are
important
for
coral
reefs
to
function
as
healthy
ecosystems.
Increasing
fish
populations
in
this
way
could
help
to
start
natural
recovery
process,
reducing
the
damage
we’re
seeing
on
many
coral
reefs
around
the
world.
Of
course,
attracting
fish
to
a
dead
reef
won’t
bring
it
back
to
life
automatically,
but
the
recovery
process
relies
on
fish
that
clean
the
reef
to
make
space
for
corals
to
regrow.
”
said
Mark
Meekan.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了科学家为了更好地保护珊瑚礁进行了研究,
并在水下使用扩音器来吸引鱼群,
有望恢复受损的珊瑚礁。
5.
What
is
the
first
paragraph
mainly
about?
A.
The
importance
of
coral
reefs.
B.
The
influence
of
climate
change.
C.
The
perfect
place
for
sea
species.
D.
The
ecosystem
diversity
and
complexity.
【解析】选A。主旨大意题。根据第一段内容“Coral
reefs
are
a
necessary
part
of
sea
life
and
support
it
by
providing
shelter
and
habitat
to
various
organisms.
They
also
supply
and
recycle
nutrients
as
well
as
enable
a
fish
population
to
boom,
along
with
other
species,
for
a
healthy
and
diverse
ecosystem.
”珊瑚礁是海洋生物的重要组成部分,
为各种生物提供庇护和栖息地。它们还提供和循环营养物质,
并使鱼类种群和其他物种一起繁荣起来,
形成一个健康和多样化的生态系统。可知,
第一段主要讲述了珊瑚礁的重要性。故选A。
6.
What’s
the
purpose
of
using
speakers
underwater?
A.
To
make
fish
more
active.
B.
To
test
damaged
coral
reefs.
C.
To
help
recover
the
ecosystem.
D.
To
help
speed
the
growth
of
reefs.
【解析】选C。细节理解题。由第三段中的“In
order
to
repair
this
delicate
ecosystem,
scientists
from
the
UK
and
Australia
conducted
a
study
that
involved
using
speakers
underwater
near
damaged
coral
reefs.
.
.
”为了修复这一脆弱的生态系统,
来自英国和澳大利亚的科学家进行了一项研究,
他们在受损的珊瑚礁附近的水下使用扬声器……可知,
使用水下扬声器的目的是帮助修复生态系统。故选C。
7.
Why
is
the
experiment
carried
out
in
the
Great
Barrier
Reef?
A.
It
can
attract
rich
sea
species.
B.
It
can
draw
public
attention
easily.
C.
There
exist
more
dead
coral
reefs.
D.
There
is
the
largest
coral
reef
system.
【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第四段中的“.
.
.
is
famous
to
have
the
largest
coral
reef
system
in
the
world
that’s
2,
300
kilometers
long
and
covers
an
area
of
nearly
344,
400
square
kilometers.
”那里以拥有世界上最大的珊瑚礁系统而闻名,
长2
300千米,
覆盖面积近344
400平方千米。可以推断,
这个实验要在大堡礁进行的原因是这里拥有最大的珊瑚礁系统。故选D。
8.
What
is
Mark
Meekan’s
attitude
towards
the
use
of
speakers?
A.
Doubtful.
B.
Positive.
C.
Disappointed.
D.
Indifferent.
【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据最后一段中的
“Increasing
fish
populations
in
this
way
could
help
to
start
natural
recovery
process,
reducing
the
damage
we’re
seeing
on
many
coral
reefs
around
the
world.
”
以这种方式增加鱼类数量可以帮助启动自然恢复过程,
减少我们看到的对世界各地许多珊瑚礁的破坏。可知,
作者认为使用扬声器可以帮助启动自然恢复过程,
减少对珊瑚礁的破坏。可以推断出作者对使用扩音器持肯定态度。故选B。
【难句解读】
1.
In
order
to
repair
this
delicate
ecosystem,
scientists
from
the
UK
and
Australia
conducted
a
study
that
involved
using
speakers
underwater
near
damaged
coral
reefs
to
make
them
sound
healthy
and
attract
fish,
potentially
starting
the
natural
recovery
press
of
coral
reefs
and
their
dependent
life
forms.
分析:
该句是主从复合句。其中that引导定语从句,
修饰a
study;
In
order
to
repair.
.
.
和to
make
them.
.
.
是不定式短语作目的状语;
make
them
sound
healthy
and
attract
fish是“make
+
复合宾语”结构;
starting
the
natural
recovery
press是现在分词短语作结果状语。
翻译:
为了修复这个脆弱的生态系统,
来自英国和澳大利亚的科学家进行了一项研究,
他们在受损珊瑚礁附近的水下使用扬声器,
让它们听起来健康并吸引鱼类,
进而启动珊瑚礁及其依赖的生命形式的自然恢复动力。
2.
The
location
for
this
experiment
was
the
Great
Barrier
Reef
in
the
Coral
Sea
found
alongside
the
east
coast
of
Queensland
Australia,
which
is
famous
to
have
the
largest
coral
reef
system
in
the
world
that’s
2,
300
kilometers
long
and
covers
an
area
of
nearly
344,
400
square
kilometers.
分析:
该句是主从复合句。which引导非限制性定语从句,
修饰the
Great
Barrier
Reef
in
the
Coral
Sea;
该从句也是主从复合句,
其中that引导限制性定语从句,
修饰the
largest
coral
reef
system
in
the
world;
found
alongside
the
east
coast
of
Queensland
Australia是过去分词作定语,
修饰the
Great
Barrier
Reef
in
the
Coral
Sea。
翻译:
这个实验的地点是在澳大利亚昆士兰州东海岸的珊瑚海中发现的大堡礁,
这里以拥有世界上最大的珊瑚礁系统而闻名,
珊瑚礁系统长达2
300千米,
覆盖面积接近344
400平方千米。
Ⅱ.
完形填空
(2021·北京模拟)
Saving
a
Tiger
Named
Cinderella
On
an
icy
day
in
February
2012,
two
hunters
in
eastern
Russia
discovered
a
limp
bundle
of
fur
lying
in
the
snow.
It
was
an
orphaned
cub
(幼虎)!
The
cub
hadn’t
eaten
in
days,
and
was
1
enough
for
the
hunters
just
to
pick
her
up.
Dr.
Dale
Miquelle,
director
of
the
Wildlife
Conservation
Society’s
Russia
Program,
said,
“A
healthy
tiger
cub,
even
a
three-month-old
one,
would
give
you
reason
to
2
before
you
stuck
your
hand
too
close
to
its
teeth
and
claws.
But
this
cub
had
no
3
left
in
her.
”?
The
hunters
wrapped
the
cub
in
a
coat
and
delivered
her
to
a
local
wildlife
inspector,
Andrey
Oryol.
Over
the
following
weeks,
Oryol 4
the
orphaned
cub
back
to
health.
But
now
he
had
a
new
problem:
What
could
he
do
with
an
5
three-month-old
tiger?
?
The
cub
was
an
Amur
tiger.
Only
a
small
number
of
Amur
tigers
remained
in
the
wild,
so
scientists
wanted
to
return 6
cubs
to
their
natural
habitat.
The
orphaned
cub
was
taken
to
a
new
wildlife center.
The
center
was
designed
for
raising
wild
animals
without
7
them
to
people.
It
uses
hidden
cameras
and
covered
fences
to
keep
workers
out
of
sight.
That
way,
the
animals
don’t
become
8
on
humans.
?
The
cub,
now
named
Cinderella,
became
the
center’s
first
tiger.
Over
the
next
year,
she
grew
into
a
big,
healthy
tigress.
In
the
center,
she
learned
to
hunt.
By
the
spring
of
2013,
experts
agreed
she
was
9
to
return
to
the
wild.
?
They
chose
the
perfect
new 10
for
their
tiger
princess:
the
Bastak
Nature
Reserve.
During
the
next
two
years,
researchers
watched
Cinderella’s
11 .
They
set
up
cameras
to
snap
photos.
When
Cinderella
passed
in
front
of
one
of
these
camera
12 ,
it
took
her
picture.
Cinderella
not
only
survived,
but
grew
healthy
and
strong.
?
Then,
in
December
2015,
the
cameras 13
exciting
news:
Cinderella
had
become
a
mother!
For
the
first
time
ever,
a
tiger
that
humans
had
14
and
returned
to
the
wild
had
given
birth
to
two
cubs
of
her
own.
?
Tigers
are
some
of
the
most
admired
animals
on
our
planet,
but
they
are
also 15 .
Thanks
to
the
work
of
conservationists
like
Dr.
Miquelle,
there
is
new
hope
for
these
magnificent
cats.
?
【文章大意】这是一篇记叙文。主要记叙了在2012年2月两个猎人救下了一只虚弱的东北虎幼崽,
交给了当地的野生动物检查员,
人们照顾并养育了这只名为Cinderella的老虎,
并最终将它放归到了Bastak自然保护区里,
2015年12月,
有史以来第一次,
Cinderella这只被人类养大并放归野外的老虎生下了两只幼崽。
1.
A.
weak
B.
pale
C.
sleepy D.
lazy
【解析】选A。考查形容词词义辨析。句意:
这只幼崽已经几天没吃东西了,
身体已经很虚弱了,
猎手们只能把它抱起来。
weak虚弱的;
pale苍白的;
sleepy困倦的;
lazy懒惰的。根据上文The
cub
hadn’t
eaten
in
days可知幼崽好几天没吃东西,
很虚弱。故选A。
2.
A.
hide
B.
hurt
C.
wonder
D.
pause
【解析】选D。考查动词词义辨析。句意:
一只健康的老虎幼崽,
即使是三个月大的幼崽,
也会让你有理由在把手离它的牙齿和爪子太近之前停下来。hide隐藏;
hurt损害;
wonder想知道;
pause暂停。结合上文A
healthy
tiger
cub,
even
a
three-month-old
one,
would
give
you
reason
to可知一只健康的老虎幼崽即使是三个月大也很具有攻击性,
人会在手离它的牙齿和爪子太近之前停下来。故选D。
3.
A.
mercy
B.
effort
C.
will
D.
fight
【解析】选D。考查名词词义辨析。句意:
但这只幼崽已经无力反抗了。mercy仁慈;
effort努力;
will意志;
fight反抗,
斗争。结合上文the
hunters
just
to
pick
her
up.
可知这只幼崽很虚弱,
已经无力反抗只能让猎手把它抱起来。故选D。
4.
A.
taught
B.
pulled
C.
nursed
D.
trained
【解析】选C。考查动词词义辨析。句意:
在接下来的几周里,
Oryol照料着这只孤儿幼崽,
使其恢复了健康。
taught教;
pulled拉;
nursed照料;
trained训练。结合后文the
orphaned
cub
back
to
health.
可知Oryol照料着这只孤儿幼崽,
使其恢复了健康。故选C。
5.
A.
intelligent
B.
energetic
C.
excited
D.
amazing
【解析】选B。考查形容词词义辨析。句意:
但现在他有了一个新问题:
他能拿这只三个月大的精力充沛的老虎做什么呢?
intelligent聪明的;
energetic精力充沛的;
excited激动的;
amazing令人惊异的。上文提到幼崽恢复了健康,
因此现在是精力充沛的。其他选项不符合语境。故选B。
6.
A.
newly-born
B.
rescued
C.
wounded
D.
hunted
【解析】选B。考查形容词词义辨析。句意:
野外只有很少的东北虎了,
因此科学家们希望将获救的东北虎幼崽送回它们的自然栖息地。newly-born新生的;
rescued获救的;
wounded受伤的;
hunted被捕猎的。结合上文可知这只幼崽是被人类救下的。故选B。
7.
A.
exposing
B.
sending
C.
offering
D.
selling
【解析】选A。考查动词词义辨析。句意:
这个中心是为饲养野生动物而设计的,
不让它们暴露在人类面前。exposing接触,
暴露;
sending邮寄;
offering提供;
selling出售。结合后文It
uses
hidden
cameras
and
covered
fences
to
keep
workers
out
of
sight.
可知这个野生动物中心是为野生动物而设计的,
不让它们暴露在人类面前。expose
to暴露于。故选A。
8.
A.
concentrated
B.
defensive
C.
dependent
D.
keen
【解析】选C。考查形容词词义辨析。句意:
这样,
动物就不会依赖人类。concentrated集中的;
defensive自卫的;
dependent依赖的,
依靠的;
keen渴望的。野生动物中心不让动物接触人类,
是为了避免动物依赖人类。故选C。
9.
A.
welcome
B.
interested
C.
ready
D.
eager
【解析】选C。考查形容词词义辨析。句意:
到2013年春天,
专家们认为它已经准备好返回野外。welcome受欢迎的;
interested感兴趣的;
ready准备好的;
eager热切的。结合后文for
their
tiger
princess:
the
Bastak
Nature
Reserve.
可知专家们认为Cinderella已经准备好返回野外了,
所以他们为Cinderella选择了自然保护区放生。故选C。
10.
A.
continent
B.
neighborhood
C.
border
D.
kingdom
【解析】选D。考查名词词义辨析。句意:
他们为他们的老虎公主选择了一个完美的新王国:
Bastak自然保护区。continent大陆;
neighborhood邻居;
border边界;
kingdom王国。结合后文the
Bastak
Nature
Reserve可知Bastak自然保护区是Cinderella的新王国。其他选项不符合语境。故选D。
11.
A.
progress
B.
reaction
C.
appearance
D.
habitat
【解析】选A。考查名词词义辨析。句意:
在接下来的两年里,
研究人员观察了Cinderella的进步。progress进步;
reaction反应;
appearance外貌;
habitat栖息地。结合后文but
grew
healthy
and
strong可知研究人员观察了Cinderella的进步。故选A。
12.
A.
types
B.
traps
C.
shots
D.
scenes
【解析】选B。考查名词词义辨析。句意:
当灰姑娘经过一个相机陷阱前时,
陷阱拍下了她的照片。types类型;
traps陷阱;
shots射击;
scenes场景。根据后文it
took
her
picture可知相机陷阱是用来给Cinderella拍照的。故选B。
13.
A.
edited
B.
expected
C.
prepared
D.
revealed
【解析】选D。考查动词词义辨析。句意:
2015年12月,
镜头透露了一个激动人心的消息:
Cinderella当妈妈了!
edited编辑;
expected期待;
prepared准备;
revealed透露。结合后文exciting
news:
Cinderella
had
become
a
mother!
可知此处指镜头透露了Cinderella当妈妈了的消息。故选D。
14.
A.
witnessed
B.
traded
C.
raised
D.
examined
【解析】选C。考查动词词义辨析。句意:
有史以来第一次,
一只被人类养大并放归野外的老虎生下了两只幼崽。witnessed目击;
traded交易;
raised养育;
examined检查。结合上文内容可知Cinderella被人类救了,
并被人类养大。故选C。
15.
A.
endangered
B.
dominated
C.
preserved
D.
stressed
【解析】选A。考查形容词词义辨析。句意:
老虎是地球上最受尊敬的动物之一,
但它们也濒临灭绝。endangered濒临灭绝的;
dominated占主导地位的;
preserved保藏的;
stressed紧张的。根据第三段中a
small
number
of
Amur
tigers
remained
in
the
wild可知野外老虎的数量很少,
它们濒临灭绝。故选A。
Ⅲ.
语法填空
Other
mammals
lose
out
in
panda
conservation
drive
Giantpandas
are
1.
_____(live)
proof
that
conservation
works.
Their
numbers
in
the
wild
are
recovering
after
years
of
decline,
and
protecting
the
mountain
forests
2.
__which
they
live
has
been
good
for
many
other
animals,
3.
_________(include)
birds
and
small
carnivores.
living
in
including
Yet,
according
to
a
new
study,
it’s
a
different
story
for
larger
predators
such
as
leopards
and
4.
______(wolf).
5.
_____(Asia)
wild
dogs
have
disappeared
from
95%
of
areas
set
up
6.
_________(protect)
pandas,
leopards
and
wolves
from
more
than
three
quarters,
7.
____snow
leopards
from
almost
half.
Scientists
in
China
say
these
four
carnivores
are
being
driven
to
near
8.
_________(extinct)
by
poaching
and
destruction
of
the
habitat
they
need
to
hunt
over
large
distances.
?
wolves
Asian
to
protect
and
extinction
Conservation
efforts
have
often
been
based
on
9.
_________(protect)
specific
flagship
species
such
as
the
panda.
But
experts
argue
for
a
more
holistic
approach
10.
____aims
to
protect
whole
ecosystems,
rather
than
focusing
on
a
single
species.
protecting
that
【加固训练】
阅读填句
(2021·汉中模拟)
Ways
to
Get
Your
Kids
into
Nature
Being
in
nature
for
kids
has
tremendous
health
benefits.
There
are
many
ways
you
can
incorporate
nature
into
your
children’s
lives,
even
if
you
live
in
the
city.
Inspire
curiosity
by
being
curious
yourself.
A
parent’s
excitement
can
be
spread
to
the
children,
and
when
you
show
respect
for
nature,
your
children
follow
suit.
1 .
“I
don’t
know!
Let’s
find
out
together.
”
is
a
wonderful
way
to
get
the
ball
rolling.
Be
open
to
a
mutual
adventure
and
allow
your
curious
inner
child
to
come
out
while
you
explore
nature
with
your
children.
?
2 .
If
you
have
to
carpool
(拼车)
in
the
morning,
turn
off
the
devices
instead
and
encourage
your
children
to
look
out
of
the
window.
The
early
morning
fall
skies
are
beautiful
with
color
and
migrating
birds.
After
all,
even
views
of
nature
from
the
car
window
are
calming
and
beneficial.
?
Stop
thinking
about
nature
time
as
leisure
time.
Time
in
nature
is
an
essential
investment
in
your
children’s
health
and
well-being.
If
you
view
nature
time
as
essential
to
good
health,
you
will
be
more
likely
to
engage
in
it.
3 ,
nurturing
creativity
and
wonder
is
part
of
your
responsibility
as
parents.
?
Look
at
the
stars.
Visit
your
local
observatory,
and
then
drive
out
of
the
city
some
morning
or
evening
for
your
own
stargazing
(天体观察)
with
a
blanket
and
telescope.
Observing
the
stars
offers
a
deeper
and
wider
understanding
of
the
universe.
4 .
?
Plant
a
small
garden.
5 .
Bean
and
pea
plants
grow
quickly
and
can
be
eaten
when
mature,
so
teach
your
children
about
food
and
the
wonder
of
growth.
?
A.
Limit
electronic
devices
while
driving
B.
Encourage
questions
you
don’t
know
the
answers
to
C.
If
you
want
to
raise
your
healthy,
well-balanced
children
D.
If
you
have
the
space,
help
your
children
plant
a
few
vegetables
E.
It
will
teach
teamwork,
pride
in
the
community,
and
family
togetherness
F.
If
your
child
is
interested,
encourage
him
to
get
involved
in
the
community
G.
Allow
yourself
to
think
about
it,
and
talk
to
your
children
about
that
wonder
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了让孩子融入自然的一些方法。
1.
【解析】选B。由后一句“’I
don’t
know!
Let’s
find
out
together.
’
is
a
wonderful
way
to
get
the
ball
rolling.
”可知,
“我不知道!
让我们一起找到答案”这是一个非常棒的可以让活动继续下去的方式。此处表示鼓励孩子一起探索你自己也不知道答案的问题,
从而引起好奇心。选项B表达的是“鼓励你不知道答案的问题”,
选项B中的“不知道答案的问题”和后一句中的“我不知道!
让我们一起找到答案”相呼应,
符合语境。故选B。
2.
【解析】选A。由后一句“If
you
have
to
carpool
in
the
morning,
turn
off
the
devices
instead
and
encourage
your
children
to
look
out
of
the
window.
”可知,
如果你必须在早上拼车,
那么关掉电子设备,
然后鼓励你的孩子们往窗外看看。由此可见开车时关掉电子设备,
多看看窗外是一种与自然接触的方式。选项A表达的是“开车的时候限制(使用)电子设备”,
和后一句中的“关掉电子设备”相呼应。故选A。
3.
【解析】选C。由空格前两句“Time
in
nature
is
an
essential
investment
in
your
children’s
health
and
well-being.
”可知,
在自然的时间是对你孩子健康和幸福的必要投资。选项C表达的是“如果你想要培养出健康而且明智的孩子”,
是对空格前两句中的“对孩子健康和幸福的必要投资”的承接。故选C。
4.
【解析】选G。由空格前一句“Observing
the
stars
offers
a
deeper
and
wider
understanding
of
the
universe.
”可知,
观察星空能够加深对宇宙的理解。选项G表达的是“允许你自己去思考它,
并且和你的孩子们谈论那种神奇”,
选项G中的“那种神奇”指代的是前一句表达的“对宇宙的理解”,
和前一句相呼应。故选G。
5.
【解析】选D。由前一句“Plant
a
small
garden.
”和后一句“Bean
and
pea
plants
grow
quickly
and
can
be
eaten
when
mature,
so
teach
your
children
about
food
and
the
wonder
of
growth.
”可知,
开辟一个小菜园。种植豆角和豌豆可以快速生长,
当成熟的时候就可以食用,
这样可以教会你的孩子们关于食物和生长的奇迹。选项D表达的是“如果你有空间,
帮助你的孩子们种一些蔬菜”,
是对前一句“开辟一个小菜园”的承接,
并对后一句“种植豆角和豌豆”的呼应。故选D。(共139张PPT)
Unit
5 A
delicate
world
Step
1
诵读经典·渗透文化意识
Ⅰ.
细品味经典文章
(2019·天津高考)
How
does
an
ecosystem(生态系统)work?
What
makes
the
populations
of
different
species
the
way
they
are?
Why
are
there
so
many
flies
and
so
few
wolves?
To
find
an
answer,
scientists
have
built
mathematical
models
of
food
webs,
noting
who
eats
whom
and
how
much
each
one
eats.
With
such
models,
scientists
have
found
out
some
key
principles
operating
in
food
webs.
Most
food
webs,
for
instance,
consist
of
many
weak
links
rather
than
a
few
strong
ones.
When
a
predator(掠食动物)always
eats
huge
numbers
of
a
single
prey(猎物),
the
two
species
are
strongly
linked;
when
a
predator
lives
on
various
species,
they
are
weakly
linked.
Food
webs
may
be
dominated
by
many
weak
links
because
that
arrangement
is
more
stable
over
the
long
term.
If
a
predator
can
eat
several
species,
it
can
survive
the
extinction(灭绝)of
one
of
them.
And
if
a
predator
can
move
on
to
another
species
that
is
easier
to
find
when
a
prey
species
becomes
rare,
the
switch
allows
the
original
prey
to
recover.
The
weak
links
may
thus
keep
species
from
driving
one
another
to
extinction.
Mathematical
models
have
also
revealed
that
food
webs
may
be
unstable,
where
small
changes
of
top
predators
can
lead
to
big
effects
throughout
entire
ecosystems.
In
the
1960s,
scientists
proposed
that
predators
at
the
top
of
a
food
web
had
a
surprising
amount
of
control
over
the
size
of
populations
of
other
species—including
species
they
did
not
directly
attack.
And
unplanned
human
activities
have
proved
the
idea
of
top-down
control
by
top
predators
to
be
true.
In
the
ocean,
we
fished
for
top
predators
such
as
cod
on
an
industrial
scale,
while
on
land,
we
killed
off
large
predators
such
as
wolves.
These
actions
have
greatly
affected
the
ecological
balance.
Scientists
have
built
an
early
warning
system
based
on
mathematical
models.
Ideally,
the
system
would
tell
us
when
to
adapt
human
activities
that
are
pushing
an
ecosystem
toward
a
breakdown
or
would
even
allow
us
to
pull
an
ecosystem
back
from
the
borderline.
Prevention
is
key,
scientists
say,
because
once
ecosystems
pass
their
tipping
point(临界点),
it
is
remarkably
difficult
for
them
to
return.
Ⅱ.
按要求完成任务
1.
写出文章中关于生态系统的单词和短语。
________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________?
ecosystem,
species,
food
webs,
predator,
prey,
live
on,
extinction,
rare,
original,
attack,
human
activities,
affect
the
ecological
balance,
an
early
warning
system,
adapt,
breakdown,
borderline,
prevention,
tipping
point
2.
人类的什么行动会在很大程度上影响生态系统的平衡?
________________________________________________?
Uncontrolled
human
activities
greatly
upset
ecosystems.
Step
2
固本强基·锻造语言能力
Ⅰ.
重点词汇
1.
owe
v.
应该做;
对……负有……的义务;
欠(债;
钱;
人情等);
应当给予;
把……归功于……
【教材原句】
This
intervention
is
a
long,
much-delayed
ending
to
a
sad
story,
but
we
humans
owe
it
to
the
island
to
give
it
a
happy
ending.
(P51)这次干预是个悲伤的故事,
有个迁延了很久的结局,
但我们人类应该给这个岛一个幸福的结局。
【词块必记】
【熟词生义】
He
owes
his
success
to
good
luck
more
than
ability.
(
)
他的成功多半靠幸运,
少半靠能力。
v.
把……归功于……
【语境速测】
单句语法填空
①Do
I
still
owe
___the
concert
tickets?
②Don’t
let
me
forget
that
I
owe
you
___the
concert
tickets.
③I
owe
a
lot
__my
wife
and
children.
④He
owes
his
good
health
__plenty
of
exercise
and
a
regular
life.
⑤______(owe)
to
his
hard
study,
he
passed
the
exam.
for
for
to
to
Owing
完成句子
⑥He
___________________Mr
Smith.
?
他欠史密斯先生许多钱。
⑦________________,
the
match
was
cancelled.
?
由于下雨,
取消了比赛。
owes
a
lot
of
money
to
Owing
to
the
rain
【写作金句】
He
owes
his
success
to
hard
work
and
patience.
他的成功全靠努力和耐心。
2.
comparison
n.
比较
【教材原句】
Data,
examples
and
comparisons
are
then
used
to
support
the
main
ideas.
(P56)数据,
例子和比较,
用来支持主要的想法。
【词块必记】
【知识拓展】
compare
v.
比较;
对比
(1)compare.
.
.
with.
.
.
把……和……相比
(2)compare.
.
.
to.
.
.
把……比作……
(3)compared
with/
to.
.
.
与……相比
【语境速测】
单句语法填空
①We
can
only
tell
good
from
bad
by
___________(compare).
?
②The
driver’s
injuries
were
sightly
__comparison
with
those
suffered
by
his
passenger.
③In
Helen
maternal
love
was
stronger
______________comparison
than
any
other.
?
comparison
in
beyond/
without
④I
compared
the
copy
____the
original,
but
there
was
not
much
difference.
⑤We
may
well
compare
the
little
girl
__a
kitten.
⑥__________(compare)
with
French,
English
is
easy.
with
to
Compared
完成句子
⑦The
teacher
___________________________another
student’s
one.
?
老师把我的作文与另一个同学的作文做了比较。
compared
my
composition
with
3.
endangered
adj.
濒危的;
濒临灭绝的
【教材原句】
Although
endangered
elsewhere
in
China
due
to
the
invasion
of
foreign
species,
the
bees
of
Shennongjia
have
coexisted
with
the
local
people
for
centuries.
(P57)
尽管由于外来物种的入侵,
神农架的蜜蜂在中国其他地方濒临灭绝,
但它们与当地人已经共存了几个世纪。
【词块必记】
搭配:
endangered
species
濒危物种
同义词:
threatened
adj.
受到威胁的
【知识拓展】
(1)endanger
v.
危及;
危害
(2)danger
n.
危险
in
danger
处于危险中
out
of
danger
脱离危险
(3)dangerous
adj.
危险的
【语境速测】
单句语法填空
①This
rare
bird
has
become
an
___________(endanger)
species.
②Development
of
the
area
would
_________(danger)
wildlife.
③We
aren’t
the
living
things
__danger
from
COVID-19.
④Those
are
_________(danger)
phrases
to
include
in
your
self-take
in
regards
to
your
mental
health.
endangered
endanger
in
dangerous
完成句子
⑤The
operation
is
a
success
and
now
the
patient
is
____________.
?
手术成功了,
病人现在已脱离危险。
out
of
danger
【写作金句】
We
should
do
our
best
to
save
endangered
species.
我们应该竭尽全力挽救濒于灭绝的物种。
Ⅱ.
核心短语
4.
come
up
with
想出,
提出
【教材原句】
Experts
felt
it
necessary
to
come
up
with
a
plan
to
remove
all
the
rabbits
from
the
island.
(P51)
专家们认为有必要想出一个计划,
把所有的兔子从岛上赶走。
【词块必记】come短语
(1)come
about
发生
(2)come
across
(偶然)遇见
(3)come
on
加油;
算了吧
(4)come
out
出版;
出来;
(花)开出
(5)come
to
合计;
共计
(6)come
up
提出;
发生;
走过来;
被提出来
【语境速测】
单句语法填空
①He
came
up
____good
ideas
for
the
product
promotion.
②Come
___,
it’s
getting
dark!
③The
housing
problems
came
___at
the
meeting
once
again.
④The
flowers
have
come
___early
this
year
because
of
the
mild
winter.
with
on
up
out
完成句子
⑤While
we
were
talking,
a
man
________.
?
我们正在谈话,
一个人走了过来。
⑥When
this
masterpiece
________,
nobody
cared
for
it.
?
这部杰作在它问世时没人注意它。
came
up
came
out
5.
on
behalf
of
代表;
为了……的利益
【教材原句】
It
is
my
great
pleasure
to
give
a
lecture
here
on
behalf
of
the
Be
at
One
with
Nature
Association.
(P56)
我很荣幸能代表“与自然合一”协会在这里发表演讲。
【词块必记】
on
behalf
of
=
on
sb’s
behalf 为了某人的利益;
代表某人
【知识拓展】
behave
v.
表现;
行为;
举止
(1)behave
oneself
规矩一点
(2)behave
well
行为规矩,
行为检点,
表现好
(3)behave
badly
行为不检点,
表现不好
【语境速测】
单句语法填空
①I
am
doing
a
project
___behalf
of
my
school
about
global
warming.
②Your
agent
will
need
to
sign
the
form
___your
behalf.
on
on
完成句子
③It’s
hard
to
train
children
_____________at
the
table.
?
培养儿童用餐时举止得体是很困难的。
④I
wish
they
would
________________.
?
我希望他们能守规矩。
to
behave
well
behave
themselves
【写作金句】
On
behalf
of
my
colleagues
and
myself
I
thank
you.
我代表我的同事和我本人向你表示感谢。
Ⅲ.
经典句式
6.
No
visitor
would
think
it
surprising
that
the
island
is
a
UNESCO
World
Heritage
Site.
?
没有游客会对这个岛是联合国教科文组织的世界遗产感到惊讶。
【典型例句】
They
found
it
pleasant
that
they
worked
with
us
Chinese.
他们发现与我们中国人一起工作很愉快。
【句型公式】 it作形式宾语
当不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或从句在某个句子中作宾语时,
为保持句子结构平衡,
避免句式结构的混乱,
常用it作形式宾语,
而将真正的宾语放在句尾。此时it仍只起先行引导作用,
本身无词义。
下列四种情况须用it
作形式宾语:
(1)当不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或从句在复合宾语结构中作某些动词的宾语时(如think,
make,
find,
consider,
feel,
suppose等)。
(2)某些表示“喜、怒、哀、乐”的动词,
如appreciate,
enjoy,
like,
dislike,
love,
hate,
prefer等,
往往不能直接接宾语从句。
(3)that引导的宾语从句不能直接作介词的宾语。
(4)由及物动词与介词组成的固定搭配中,
宾语从句若作该动词的宾语时,
须借用it。
【语境速测】
单句语法填空
①I
think
__necessary
that
we
learn
English
well.
②He
makes
it
a
rule
never
_________(borrow)
money.
?
③I
think
__no
use
talking
about
it
with
them.
it
to
borrow
it
完成句子
④You
may
___________that
we
shall
always
help
you.
?
尽管放心,
我们会随时帮你的。
⑤We
___________that
there
wasn’t
a
serious
accident.
?
多亏了你才没有发生严重事故。
⑥I
__________that
he’s
so
lazy.
?
我不喜欢他这么懒。
⑦I
_____________to
do
the
job
well.
?
我发现做好这件事不容易。
depend
on
it
owe
it
to
you
don’t
like
it
find
it
difficult
【写作金句】
I
don’t
think
it
difficult
to
understand
the
Special
English.
我觉得理解英语特别节目并不难。
【备选要点】
1.
decrease
v.
(使)减少;
(使)变小
n.
减少;
降低
【教材原句】
But
although
the
virus
caused
the
rabbit
population
to
decrease
from
130,
000
to
around
10,
000,
it
also
meant
less
food
for
the
cats.
(P51)
虽然病毒导致兔子数量从13万减少到1万左右,
但这也意味着猫的食物减少了。
【词块必记】
【语境速测】
单句语法填空
①The
operation
must
be
carefully
planned
so
that
the
loss
of
blood
would
be
decrease
__
a
minimum.
②Their
salaries
decrease
annually
___one
hundred
dollars.
③Crime
is
___the
decrease.
to
by
on
完成句子
④Your
speed
must
be
___________________the
city
speed
as
soon
as
you
cross
the
border.
?
你一进市区车速就得减到市区的规定速度。
⑤
His
income
has
been
___________________half
its
amount.
?
他的收入减少了一半。
⑥The
population
of
this
town
_______________zero
point
three
percent
in
the
last
three
years.
?
这个城镇的人口近三年以来增长了0.
3%。
decreased/
reduced
to
decreased/
reduced
by
has
increased
by
2.
greeting
n.
问候,
招呼
【典型例句】
“Good
morning”
and
“Good
evening”
are
conventional
greetings.
“早安”及“晚安”是日常惯用的问候语。
【词块必记】
(1)exchange
greetings
互致问候
offer/
give/
send
greetings
to
sb.
向某人致意
(2)同义词:
regards
n.
问候,
致意
give/
offer/
send
regards
to
sb.
问候某人/向某人致意
【知识拓展】
greet
v.
问候;
致敬
greet.
.
.
with.
.
.
以……给……打招呼
【语境速测】
单句语法填空
①“How
are
you?
”
is
a
conventional
_______(greet).
②They
greet
each
other
____a
hug
and
say
Merry
Christmas!
完成句子
③They
__________________and
sat
down
to
lunch.
?
他们互相问候,
然后坐下来共进午餐。
④Please
_________________Miss
Macleod.
?
请代我向麦克劳德小姐问候。
greeting
with
exchanged
greetings
give
my
greeting
to
【写作金句】
The
New
Year
greetings
everywhere
express
the
hope
for
new
life
and
happiness.
各地的新年祝福都表达了对新生活与幸福的希望。
3.
variation
n.
差异;
变化
【教材原句】
The
vast
range
in
altitude
results
in
a
great
variation
in
climatic
conditions.
(P57)
海拔高度的变化导致气候条件的巨大变化。
【词块必记】
【构词法】
“v.
+
-ation”变成原词的名词形式,
意义不变,
如:
vary
(变化)
+
-ation→
variation
(变化)。
【知识拓展】
(1)vary
v.
变化;
使多样化
vary
from.
.
.
to.
.
.
从……到……之间变化
vary
with.
.
.
随……变化
(2)various
adj.
多种多样的
(3)variety
n.
种类;
多样化
a
variety
of
=
varieties
of
各种各样的
【语境速测】
单句语法填空
①The
dial
records
showed
a
very
slight
________(vary)
in
pressure.
②The
colours
vary
from
yellow
__red.
③The
prices
of
some
goods
vary
____the
season.
④There
are
_______(vary)
ways
of
solving
the
problem.
⑤The
hotel
offers
its
guests
a
wide
______(vary)
of
amusements.
⑥All
________(vary)
of
goods
for
daily
use
are
available.
日用百货一应俱全。
variation
to
with
various
variety
varieties
完成句子
⑦It
__________person
to
person.
?
这种情况因人而异。
⑧The
test
is
used
to
diagnose
__________diseases.
?
此项化验可用于诊断多种疾病。
varies
from
a
variety
of
【写作金句】
There
is
a
temperature
variation
of
10℃
between
last
week
and
this
week.
上周和本周的气温差十摄氏度。
4.
Nor
would
they
fail
to
imagine
how
its
native
inhabitants,
including
royal
penguins,
king
penguins,
and
elephant
seals,
existed
in
perfect
harmony
with
their
natural
habitat
for
thousands
of
years.
?
他们也不会不去想象它的原住民,
包括皇家企鹅,
王企鹅和象海豹,
是如何与它们的自然栖息地和谐共存了几千年。
【典型例句】
Nor
did
he
let
the
disease
stop
him
from
living
the
kind
of
life
he
has
always
dreamt
about.
疾病没有使他放弃过上梦想中的生活。
【句型公式】
部分倒装句型
部分倒装是指将该句中谓语的一部分如助动词或情态动词倒装至主语之前。如果句中没有be动词,
就用助动词或情态动词。
下列情况需使用部分倒装:
(1)否定意义的词放句首用部分倒装,
如no,
not,
never,
neither,
nor,
rarely,
hardly,
little,
seldom,
scarcely等。
(2)一些“介词
+
no
+
名词”的结构中需要用部分倒装,
这些结构包括at
no
time;
by
no
means;
in
no
case;
in/
under
no
circumstances;
in
no
sense等。
(3)用于so开头的句子,
意义是“也,
也是”时。
(4)so/
such.
.
.
that.
.
.
句型中,
当so
/such和that之间的部分位于句首时,
需用部分倒装。
(5)“only+状语”位于句首时要部分倒装。
【知识拓展】
(1)当
as引导让步状语时,
要用于部分倒装句;
though引导让步状语时,
可以用于部分倒装句也可以不倒装。
(2)在某些表示祝愿的句型中要求倒装。
【语境速测】
用部分倒装改写句子
①She
never
laughed.
She
never
lost
her
temper,
either.
→She
never
laughed,
__________________her
temper.
?
②Little
John
changed
his
mind
not
until
yesterday.
→Not
until
yesterday
___(do)
little
John
change
his
mind.
③She
worked
hard.
Her
husband
worked
hard,
too.
→She
worked
hard,
so
___(do)
her
husband.
nor
did
she
ever
lose
did
did
完成句子
④Only
in
the
country
____________the
“true
English”.
?
只有在这个国家你才能学会“真正的英语”。
⑤Under
no
circumstances
______________Paul
any
money.
?
你怎样都不该借钱给保罗。
can
you
learn
should
you
lend
⑥Hard
___________________,
he
did
not
pass
the
exam.
?
虽然他很用功,
但他还是没及格。
⑦So
selfish
_______that
everyone
avoided
talking
with
her.
?
她太自私了,
大家都不愿意和她说话。
⑧You
don’t
know
what
to
do
now,
_______________.
?
你不知道现在该做什么,
我也不知道。
as/
though
he
worked
was
she
neither/
nor
do
I
【写作金句】
In
no
case
should
you
give
up
your
dreams.
你决不能放弃你的梦想。
5.
What
is
special
about
the
honey
is
that
it
is
produced
by
the
earliest
species
of
Chinese
bee.
?
蜂蜜的特别之处在于,
它是由最早的中国蜜蜂生产的。
【典型例句】
What
caused
the
accident
remains
unknown.
事故的原因还不清楚。
【句型公式】
主语从句
主语从句,
即在复合句中充当主语成分的句子。引导主语从句的连词主要有:
(1)从属连词:
that,
whether
(2)连接代词:
who,
whoever,
whom,
whose,
what,
whatever,
which,
whichever
(3)连接副词:
when,
where,
how,
why,
whenever,
wherever,
however
为了防止句子头重脚轻,
有时把形式主语it放在句首位置,
真正主语搁置于句末。
【指点迷津】that和what引导主语从句的区别
(1)that引导主语从句时,
在从句中不作成分,
但一般不能省略。
(2)what引导主语从句时,
在从句中作主语、宾语或表语等成分。
【语境速测】
单句语法填空
①_____surprised
me
most
was
that
the
little
girl
could
play
the
violin
so
well.
②_____he
finished
writing
the
composition
in
such
a
short
time
surprised
us
all.
③__is
clear
enough
what
he
meant.
④_____will
be
our
monitor
hasn’t
been
decided
yet.
What
That
It
Who
完成句子
⑤________________is
right.
?
你做的任何事都是正确的。
⑥__________that
he
will
win
the
match.
?
他一定会赢得这场比赛的。
⑦__________________________was
a
pity.
?
很遗憾你没去听报告。
Whatever
you
did
It
is
certain
That
you
didn’t
go
to
the
talk
【写作金句】
What
you
need
is
more
practice.
你所需要的是更多的训练。
Step
3
强化检测·提升学习能力
Ⅰ.
单句语法填空
1.
(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)
This
switch
has
_________(decrease)
pollution
in
the
country’s
major
lakes
and
reservoirs
and
made
drinking
water
safer
for
people.
2.
(2019·江苏高考)By
___________(compare),
the
brains
of
apes
require
only
8%
of
rest-time
energy.
3.
(2019?全国卷Ⅰ)
Researchers
from
Georgia
Tech
say
that
they
have
come
up
____a
low-cost
device(装置)
that
gets
around
this
problem:
a
smart
keyboard.
decreased
comparison
with
4.
(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)Other
________(variety)
of
multigenerational
family
are
more
common.
5.
(2019·江苏高考)Chris
and
Tim
work
at
a
zoo,
helping
___________(endanger)
cranes
with
their
reproduction.
varieties
endangered
Ⅱ.
完成句子
1.
The
first
unique
human
characteristic
is
that
humans
have
extraordinarily
large
brains
__________________________.
?
与其他动物相比,
人类的第一个独特特征是人类的大脑非常巨大。
2.
The
prey
species
they
directly
attack
will
______.
?
它们直接攻击的猎物种类将会灭绝。
compared
with
other
animals
die
out
3.
The
headmaster
has
____________that
the
school
meeting
will
not
be
put
off.
?
校长说得很清楚校会不会被推迟。
4.
She
hasn’t
read
it
and
________________.
?
她没有读它,
我也没有读。
5.
_____________are
good
doctors.
?
我们需要的是好的医生。
made
it
clear
neither/
nor
have
I
What
we
need
Ⅲ.
语法填空
(2021·潍坊模拟)
The
researchers
published
their
study
in
the
journal
Nature.
They
looked
at
data
from
recent
bleaching
(变白)
events
in
the
Great
Barrier
Reef,
off
the
coast
of
Australia.
Bleaching
causes
corals
to
lose
their
colour
and,
often,
to
die.
Several
causes
contribute
1.
_______
bleaching:
warm
water
temperatures,
2.
_______
(pollute),
and
overfishing.
The
bleaching
events
in
the
study
were
caused
3.
_______
(main)
by
rising
water
temperature.
The
researchers
found
that
local
efforts
4.
______
(improve)
water
quality
and
stop
overfishing
did
not
increase
the
reefs’
chances
of
survival.
?
Researchers
say
the
results
of
the
study
highlight
the
importance
of
5.
_______
(fight)
global
climate
change.
Reefs
could
become
extinct
if
temperatures
continue
to
rise
at
the
current
rate.
?
Corals
look
like
rocks,
but
they
are
tiny
animals.
The
creatures
can
exist
alone
or
in
large
colonies.
They
form
a
hard
outer
shell.
When
they
die,
their
skeleton
(骨架)
6._____
(leave)
behind
and
more
coral
builds
on
it.
Colonies
form
reefs.
They
are
home
to
one
in
four
species
in
the
sea.
Reefs
also
serve
as
barriers
7.
_______
protect
the
coastlines
from
8.
_______
(power)
storms.
?
Fortunately,
a
group
of
scientists
unconnected
to
the
study
9.
_______(take)
action
at
the
moment.
Their
project
focuses
on
protecting
10.
_______
great
many
reefs
that
have
not
been
harmed
by
climate
change.
?
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。研究人员在自然杂志中发表了他们的研究,
揭示了近些年大堡礁的珊瑚日益严峻的白化现象,
并说明了其白化的三大主要原因:
水温的升高,
污染和过度的鱼类捕捞,
提醒人们气候变化的重要性。呼吁人们保护环境,
善待大自然。
1.
【解析】to。考查介词。句意:
造成白化的原因有以下几个:
温暖的海水温度、污染和过度捕捞。结合句意表示“促成,
导致”短语为contribute
to。故填to。
2.
【解析】pollution。考查名词。句意同上。此处列举了三个造成珊瑚白化的原因,
第二个根据括号内单词的提示应该填“污染”,
但应改成名词形式,
此处污染作不可数名词使用应用单数。故填pollution。
3.
【解析】mainly。考查副词。句意:
在研究中,
白化事件主要是由水温升高引起的。根据句意可知此处表示白化现象主要是由水温的上升导致的。此处是对状语部分修饰,
应用副词mainly,
表示“主要”。故填mainly。
4.
【解析】to
improve。考查非谓语动词。句意:
研究人员发现,
当地改善水质和停止过度捕捞的努力并没有增加珊瑚礁的生存机会。分析句子结构可知improve在句中应用非谓语动词形式,
且此处修饰名词effort,
表示“做某事的努力”短语为the
efforts
to
do
sth.
,
后跟不定式作定语。故填to
improve。
5.
【解析】fighting。考查非谓语动词。上文of为介词,
后跟动名词作宾语,
即the
importance
of
doing
sth.
做某事的重要性。故填fighting。
6.
【解析】is
left。考查动词时态语态。句意:
当它们死后,
它们的骨架被丢弃,
更多的珊瑚生长在上面。本句中主语与谓语动词构成被动,
且陈述客观事实应用一般现在时,
主语为skeleton,
谓语动词用单数。故填is
left。
7.
【解析】that
/
which。考查定语从句。此处为定语从句修饰先行词barriers,
且先行词在从句中作主语,
指物应用关系代词that或which。故填that
/
which。
8.
【解析】powerful。考查形容词。修饰后文名词storms应用形容词powerful作定语,
表示“强大的”。故填powerful。
9.
【解析】is
taking。考查动词时态。根据后文“at
the
moment(此刻,
当前)”可知此处应用现在进行时,
主语为a
group
of
scientists,
谓语动词用单数。故填is
taking。
10.
【解析】a。考查冠词。句意:
他们的项目重点是保护大量没有受到气候变化损害的珊瑚礁。结合句意表示“许多,
大量”短语为a
great
many。故填a。
直击高考·培养思维品质
Ⅰ.
话题与阅读理解
(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷完形填空)
Molai
grew
up
in
a
tiny
village
in
India.
The
village
lay
near
some
wetlands
which
became
his
second
1 .
He
learned
the
value
and
beauty
of
2
there
from
a
very
young
age.
?
When
he
was
16,
Molai
began
to
notice
something
3
happening
around
his
home.
A
flood
had
hit
the
area
earlier
that
year
and
the
4
it
caused
had
driven
away
a
number
of
birds.
5 ,
the
number
of
snakes
had
declined
as
well.
He
6
that
it
was
because
there
weren’t
enough
trees
to
protect
them
from
the
7 .
The
solution,
of
course,
was
to
plant
trees
so
the
animals
could
seek
8
during
the
daytime.
He
turned
to
the
9
department
for
help
but
was
told
that
nothing
would
grow
there.
However,
Molai
went
looking
on
his
own
and
10
a
nearby
island
where
he
began
to
plant
trees.
?
11
young
plants
in
the
dry
season
was
12
for
a
lone
boy.
Molai
built
at
the
13
of
each
sapling(幼树)a
bamboo
platform,
where
he
placed
earthen
pots
with
small
holes
to
14
rainwater.
The
water
would
then
drip(滴落)on
the
plants
below.
?
Molai
15
to
plant
trees
for
the
next
37
years.
His
efforts
have
resulted
in
1,
360
acres
of
naturally-grown
land
that
has
become
home
to
many
plants
and
animals.
?
【文章大意】文章讲述了一个印度男孩几十年如一日在所在的村庄周边的荒岛上植树造林,
最后把荒岛变成了许多动植物生长的家园。
1.
A.
dream
B.
job
C.
home
D.
choice
【解析】选C。逻辑推理题。根据第一句可知小村庄是他的家,
那么后文提到的wetlands就是他的第二个家了。
2.
A.
nature
B.
youth
C.
culture
D.
knowledge
【解析】选A。逻辑推理题。根据下文内容他植树造林保护动植物,
可推知他深知自然的价值。
3.
A.
precious
B.
interesting
C.
disturbing
D.
awkward
【解析】选C。逻辑推理题。根据下一句“洪水侵袭了这一地区,
迫使很多鸟类离开,
蛇的数量也在减少”可知不好的事情发生了。disturbing令人不安的,
符合语境。故选C。
4.
A.
waste
B.
tension
C.
pain
D.
damage
【解析】选D。固定搭配题。分析句子结构可知it
caused为定语从句,
结合句意可知洪水带来的损害是使鸟类离开此地,
cause
damage
造成损害,
为习惯搭配。
5.
A.
Besides
B.
However
C.
Therefore
D.
Otherwise
【解析】选A。词义辨析题。由前一句“鸟类飞走了”和后一句“蛇的数量减少了”可知两句都是洪水的危害。however和otherwise表示转折关系,
therefore表示因果关系,
besides表示递进关系,
故besides符合语境。
6.
A.
agreed
B.
realized
C.
remembered
D.
predicted
【解析】选B。逻辑推理题。结合宾语从句的内容可知这是他分析后得出的结论,
故为realize(意识到)。
7.
A.
noise
B.
heat
C.
disease
D.
dust
【解析】选B。逻辑推理题。结合本句中的weren’t
enough
trees和下一句中的during
the
daytime可推知树木用来遮荫,
保护这些动物免受太阳照射的热量,
故为heat。
8.
A.
directions
B.
partners
C.
help
D.
shelter
【解析】选D。背景常识题。根据常识可知树木在炽热的阳光下可以为动物提供遮蔽。故选D。
9.
A.
labor
B.
police
C.
forest
D.
finance
【解析】选C。逻辑推理题。根据上下文可知要解决问题就得种树,
他自然会向林业相关部门寻求帮助。故选C。
10.
A.
rebuilt
B.
discovered
C.
left
D.
managed
【解析】选B。逻辑推理题。根据空后的内容a
nearby
island可知他找到一个小岛,
用discover。
11.
A.
Decorating
B.
Observing
C.
Watering
D.
Guarding
【解析】选C。逻辑推理题。结合下文的内容可知本段讲的是树木的灌溉问题,
故填water(浇水),
符合语境。
12.
A.
tough
B.
illegal
C.
fantastic
D.
beneficial
【解析】选A。逻辑推理题。结合句意“在干旱季节给树苗浇水对于一个男孩来说是很……”和下文他所做的努力可知应该是很“困难的”。tough困难的。
13.
A.
back
B.
top
C.
foot
D.
side
【解析】选B。逻辑推理题。结合下一句中的on
the
plants
below可推知在树的上方他建了一个小装置,
故选B。
14.
A.
cool
down
B.
keep
off
C.
purify
D.
collect
【解析】选D。逻辑推理题。结合下一句雨水会从上方的装置中滴下去给树浇水可知这种装置是为了收集雨水,
故选D。
15.
A.
returned
B.
learned
C.
failed
D.
continued
【解析】选D。逻辑推理题。根据时间状语for
the
next
37
years可知他继续做这样的事情很长时间,
故选D。
【语用提能】
话题词汇
wetland,
flood,
drive
away,
a
number
of,
snake,
decline,
protect.
.
.
from.
.
.
,
solution,
island,
the
dry
season,
bamboo,
rainwater,
result
in,
naturally-grown,
become
home
to
短语句式
.
.
.
some
wetlands
which.
.
.
;
When
he
was.
.
.
,
Molai.
.
.
;
He
realized
that
it
was
because
there
weren’t
enough
trees
to
protect.
.
.
;
The
solution
was
to
plant
trees.
.
.
;
.
.
.
nearby
island
where.
.
.
;
.
.
.
a
bamboo
platform,
where.
.
.
;
.
.
.
1,
360
acres
of
naturally-grown
land
that.
.
.
【微技能点拨】 “瞻前顾后”解完形填空
“瞻前顾后”即先读所填词的句子,
回顾上一句,
兼顾下一句。如果一句中有两个空白待填,
在初定答案时要“双管齐下”,
在两处同时试填,
然后通读全句,
确定答案。答题方法:
(1)择优法:
根据文章及结构边读边填,
如果能够立刻判定最佳答案的,
不必再去逐个考证其余答案。
(2)排除法:
如答案一时难以确定,
可按空格位置,
从语法结构、词语搭配、上下文语境、习惯用法、词义辨析等方面,
对选项逐项分析试填。排除干扰项,
从而确定正确答案。
本文中第1题,
根据策略解题如下:
Step
1 梳理句意:
本句句意为:
这个村庄位于一些湿地附近,
那里成了他的第二
个家。
Step
2 寻找关键信息:
根据空前的second可知,
他出生的村庄是他的家,
村庄附
近的一些“湿地”成为了他的第二个“家”。
Step
3 比较选项找最佳:
A.
dream梦想;
B.
job工作;
C.
home家;
D.
choice选择。
故选______。?
C
【微语法填空】(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷完形填空改编)
Molai
grew
up
in
a
tiny
village
in
India.
The
village
1.
___(lie)
near
some
wetlands
which
became
his
second
home.
He
learned
the
value
2.
____beauty
of
nature
there
from
a
very
young
age.
lay
and
When
he
was
16,
Molai
began
to
notice
something
3.
_________(disturb)
happening
around
his
home.
A
flood
had
hit
the
area
earlier
that
year
and
the
damage
it
caused
had
driven
away
4.
__
number
of
birds.
Besides,
the
number
of
snakes
had
declined
as
well.
He
realized
that
it
was
because
there
weren’t
enough
trees
5.
__
_______(protect)
them
from
the
disease.
The
6.
_______(solve),
of
course,
was
to
plant
trees
so
the
animals
could
seek
shelter
during
the
daytime.
He
turned
to
the
forest
department
for
help
but
7.
________(tell)
that
nothing
would
grow
there.
However,
Molai
went
looking
on
his
own
and
discovered
a
nearby
island
where
he
began
to
plant
trees.
?
disturbing
a
to
protect
solution
was
told
8.
_________(water)
young
plants
in
the
dry
season
was
tough
for
a
lone
boy.
Molai
built
at
the
top
of
each
sapling
(幼树)
a
bamboo
platform,
9.
______he
placed
earthen
pots
with
small
holes
to
collect
rainwater.
The
water
would
then
drip
(滴落)
on
the
plants
below.
Watering
where
Molai
continued
to
plant
trees
for
the
next
37
years.
His
10.
______(effort)
have
resulted
in
1,
360
acres
of
naturally-grown
land
that
has
become
home
to
many
plants
and
animals.
efforts
Ⅱ.
话题与写作
假如你是李华,
向英语报投稿,
写一篇关于环境问题的英语文章。内容包括:
1.
人们对环境污染的认识不到位;
2.
提议环境保护的措施。
注意:
1.
词数80左右;
2.
可以适当增加细节,
以使行文连贯;
3.
尽量使用本模块学过的词汇和短语。
Step
1 要点写作
(1)根据汉语提示补全句子。
①目前,
我们的环境仍然是我们关心的事情。
At
present,
our
environment
is
still
_________________________.
?
②仍然有大气污染、水污染等。
There
is
still
__________________________and
so
on.
?
what
we
are
concerned
about
air
pollution,
water
pollution
③面对各种污染,
一些人没有意识到它们对我们的环境有坏的影响。
When
they
face
all
kinds
of
pollution,
some
people
haven’t
realized
they
______
__________________________.
?
④一些人知道污染的危险但他们只是抱怨。
Some
know
the
danger
of
pollution
but
they
_____________________.
?
have
a
bad
effect
on
our
environment
do
nothing
but
complain
⑤教育他们把垃圾分类,
使一些垃圾回收利用。
Educate
them
to
sort
garbage
and
_________________.
?
⑥如果可能的话,
把他们关进监狱。
_________,
they
should
be
put
into
prison.
?
have
some
recycled
If
possible
(2)句式升级
⑦用原因状语从句合并句①②。
________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________?
⑧用过去分词短语作状语改写③。
____________________________,
some
people
haven’t
realized
they
have
a
bad
effect
on
our
environment.
?
At
present,
our
environment
is
still
what
we
are
concerned
about,
because
there
is
still
air
pollution,
water
pollution
and
so
on.
Faced
with
all
kinds
of
pollution
Step
2 组句成篇
运用关联词串连以上句子。
At
present,
our
environment
is
still
what
we
are
concerned
about,
because
there
is
still
air
pollution,
water
pollution
and
so
on.
Faced
with
all
kinds
of
pollution,
some
people
haven’t
realized
they
have
a
bad
effect
on
our
environment
and
continue
to
do
something
harmful
to
it.
Some
know
the
danger
of
pollution
but
they
do
nothing
but
complain.
In
my
opinion,
the
government
should
raise
people’s
awareness
to
protect
the
environment
and
educate
them
to
sort
garbage
and
have
some
recycled.
Besides,
those
who
destroy
environment
should
be
seriously
fined.
If
possible,
they
should
be
put
into
prison.
【加固训练】
阅读理解
(2021·济南模拟)
More
than
40%
of
the
insects
around
us
could
become
extinct
in
next
few
decades.
Simultaneously,
the
population
of
the
adaptable
and
general
species
like
that
of
house
flies,
cockroaches
and
fleasis
likely
to
bloom.
Although
some
species
of
insects
are
vectors
(带菌者)
of
serious
diseases,
or
others
destroy
crop,
but
a
world
without
insects
is
inconceivable.
Their
importance
in
interconnected
ecosystems
and
food
chains
can
never
be
undermined.
Insects
have
essential
roles
in
terrestrial
and
freshwater
ecosystems
as
herbivores,
carnivores
and
decomposers.
There
are
17
times
as
many
insects
as
humans,
and
these
numbers
are
essential
for
proper
functioning
of
all
ecosystems.
Insects
are
responsible
for
pollinating
around
75%
of
the
crops
in
the
world
and
also
serve
as
food
for
other
creatures.
They
replenish
soils
and
keep
the
number
of
pests
in
check.
The
primary
cause
of
this
extinction
is
loss
of
habitat.
Be
it
the
grasslands
or
wetlands,
everything
is
vanishing
in
man’s
quest
towards
intensive
agriculture
and
urbanization.
Another
cause
of
this
decline
is
the
excessive
use
of
pesticides,
fertilizers
and
introduced
invasive
species.
As
if
this
wasn’t
enough,
climate
change
and
pollution
of
all
sorts
have
already
started
worsening
their
lives.
Climate
change
may
also
cause
emergence
of
new
pests
and
other
vector-borne
insects.
The
biggest
threat
of
Insect
Armageddon
comes
from
Germany,
where
75%
of
insect
population
have
declined
in
just
30
years
and
from
Puerto
Rico,
where
due
to
2
degree
rise
in
temperature,
there
has
been
60
fold
decline
in
invertebrate
(无脊椎的)
population
since
the
1970s.
However,
the
fact
that
insects
getting
extinct
is
a
global
crisis
is
undisputed.
But
the
neat
thing
about
insects
is,
we
all
can
do
our
bit
to
save
them.
We
all
can
maintain
pesticide-free
kitchen
gardens
and
organic
farms.
We
can
plant
flowers
and
trees
and
invite
them
to
nest
again.
Maybe
this
tragedy
would
have
never
arisen
in
the
first
place
and
you
would
not
have
to
read
this
article,
if
the
world
had
stopped
using
all
kinds
of
pesticides
immediately
after
Rachel
Carson
had
published
the
Silent
Spring.
Conserving
the
insect
biodiversity
is
not
our
responsibility.
It
is
a
necessity
because
if
they
go,
so
will
we.
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。昆虫在生态系统和食物链中扮演着重要角色,
但是超过40%的昆虫在未来几十年可能灭绝,
文章分析了其原因并呼吁我们保护昆虫物种。
1.
Why
can’t
we
stand
a
world
without
insects?
A.
For
their
parts
in
global
ecology.
B.
For
their
longer
history
than
humans’.
C.
For
their
shockingly
large
population.
D.
For
the
appearance
of
new
insect
species.
【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第二段中Their
importance
in
interconnected
ecosystems
and
food
chains
can
never
be
undermined.
(它们在互联生态系统和食物链中的作用不能被低估。)可知,
昆虫在全球生态中扮演重要的角色,
所以我们无法承受一个没有昆虫的世界。故选A。
2.
What
does
the
underlined
word
“undisputed”
in
Paragraph
7
mean?
A.
Possible.
B.
Doubtless.
C.
Exact
D.
Flexible.
【解析】选B。词义猜测题。根据第七段第二句“但是关于昆虫的一个好事是,
我们可以尽我们的一点力量来挽救它们”,
由此可推知前一句However,
the
fact
that
insects
getting
extinct
is
a
global
crisis
is
undisputed.
的意思是“然而,
昆虫正在灭绝的事实是毫无疑问的”,
所以undisputed的意思是“无疑的,
确实的”。故选B。
3.
Which
of
the
following
may
best
explain
the
extinction
of
insect
species?
A.
Climate
change.
B.
Human
activities.
C.
The
abuse
of
chemicals.
D.
The
agriculture.
【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据第四段The
primary
cause
of
this
extinction
is
loss
of
habitat.
Be
it
the
grasslands
or
wetlands,
everything
is
vanishing
in
man’s
quest
towards
intensive
agriculture
and
urbanization.
(灭绝的首要原因是栖息地的丧失。无论是草地或湿地,
一切都在人类对集约型农业和城市化的探索中正在消失。)
可知,
昆虫物种的灭绝是由于人类活动。故选B。
4.
What
is
the
author’s
purpose
in
writing
the
text?
A.
Calling
on
us
to
do
something
to
save
insects.
B.
Introducing
the
urgent
situation
insects
are
facing.
C.
Presenting
us
ways
to
handle
the
global
crises.
D.
Treating
differently
beneficial
and
harmful
insects.
【解析】选A。推理判断题。通读全文内容并结合文章最后一句Conserving
the
insect
biodiversity
is
not
our
responsibility.
It
is
a
necessity
because
if
they
go,
so
will
we.
(保护昆虫生物多样性不是我们的责任。它是一件必须要做的事,
因为如果它们不在了,
我们也会一样。)可推知,
作者写这篇文章的目的是呼吁我们为挽救昆虫尽一点力量。故选A。
