人教版（2019）高中英语必修第一册Unit 5 languages around the word 学案word版有答案
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人教版高中英语（2019）必修第一册
Unit 5 Language around the World
一、词汇
1、识记
billion, native, attitude, reference, system, despite, factor, based, bone, symbol, carve, dynasty, variety, major, dialect, means, classic, regard, character, calligraphy, global, affair, appreciate, specific, struggle, tongue, semester, gas, petrol, subway, apartment, beg, equal, gap, demand, vocabulary, description, relate, point of view, *predict
2、词形变化
refer v. 提到，谈及；查阅，参考
referable adj. 可与……相关的
reference n. 谈及，说道（或写到）的事，参考，查阅，征询，（为方便查询所用的）标记，标识，编号；推荐信，推荐人；参考书目v. 查阅，参考，给（书等）附参考资料
vary v. (大小、形状等)相异，不同，有别，（根据情况）变化，变更
various adj. 各种各样的
variously adv. 以各种方式
variety n. （同一事物的）不同种类，多种式样；多样化，多变性；（植物、语言等的）变种，变体；综艺节目
major adj. 主要的n.主修学业 v. 主修
majority n. 大部分，大多数，多数票
majorly adv. （用于形容词前）非常地，极端地
classic adj.最优秀的，第一流的，典型的；（风格或设计）典雅的，传统的，有趣的，愚蠢的（或令人讨厌）而又不足为奇的 n. （书、电影或歌曲的）经典作品，杰作
classical adj. 古典的，经典的，传统的，（语言）文言的，古文的，有没得额，朴实美观的
classically adv.
claasicism n. 古典主义，古典风格
classicist n. 古希腊文学研究者，古典学者，拉丁文学研究者，（艺术或文学的）古典主义者
appreciate v. 欣赏，赏识，重视，感激，理解，意识到，增值，升值
appreciation n. 欣赏，理解，体谅，同情，感谢，增值，（尤指文学艺术方面的）鉴定，评估
appreciative adj. 感激的，欣赏的，赏识的
appreciable adj.（大得）可以觉察到的，足以认为重要的，可观的，
appreciably adv.
specific adj. 明确的，具体的，特定的，独有的，独特的
specifially adv. 明确地，具体地，特意，专门地，确切地说
specify v. 具体说明，明确规定，详述
description n. 描写（文字）；形容，说明，类型
describe v. 描述，形容， 把……称为。做……运动，画出……图形
descriptive adj. 描写的，叙述的，说明的，（语言）描写性的 ；（描述语言的实际应用而非使用规则）
communicate v. （与某人）交流信息（或消息、意见等）；沟通传达，传递（想法、感情、思想等）
communication n. 表达，交际，传递，通讯
communicative adj. 健谈的，乐于提供信息的，语言交际能力的（尤指用外语）
communicator n. 交际者，交流者
3、应用
1. refer v.
（1）refer to sb./sth. (as sth.) 提到，谈及，说起
Her mother never referred to him again.
她的母亲再也没有提起过他。
I promised not to refer to the matter again.
我答应过再也不提这事了。
She always referred Ben as “that nice man”.
她总是称本为“那个大好人”。
（2）描绘，涉及，与……有关
This paragraph refers to the events of last year.
这一段说的是去年发生的事。
（3）查阅，参考，征询
You may refer to your note if you want.
如果需要，可以查阅笔记。
refer sb./sth. to sb./sth. 将……送交给（以求获得帮助等）
My doctor referred me to a specialist.
我的一生让我去找一位专家诊治。
The case was referred to the court of Appeal.
这个案子被送交到上诉法院。
拓展：
reference
n. reference (to sb./sht.)说道（或写到）的事，提到，谈及，涉及
The book is full of references to growing up in India.
这本书谈到许多在印度怎样长大的事。
She made no reference to her illness but only to her future plans.
她没有提到她的病，只说了说她未来的计划。
n.参考，查阅，查询
I wrote down the name of the hotel for future reference.
我记下了这家酒店的名字，以后也许用得着。
The library contains many popular works of reference.
这家图书馆藏有许多常用的参考书。
n. reference to sb./sth.（帮助或意见的）征求，征询
The emergency nurse can treat minor injuries without reference to a doctor.
急救护士在不必征求医生的意见就可以处理轻伤。
Cn.（为了方便查询所用的）标记，标识，编号
Please quote your reference number when making an enquiry.
查询时请报出编号。
Cn.推荐信，介绍信
We will take up reference after the interview.
我们在面试之后收推荐信。
Cn.推荐人，介绍人
My previous boss will act as a reference for me.
我的前任上司将做我的推荐人。
Cn.参考书目
There is a list of reference at the end of each chapter.
每一章的后面都有一组参考书目。
vt.（书）查阅，参考，给（书等）附参考资料
Each chapter is referenced, citing literature up to 1999.
每一章都附有参考资料，引用文献截止到1999年。
拓展：
in/with reference to （所述内容）关于
with reference ot your letter of july 22 …
关于你7月22日的来信……
reference book n. 参考书，工具书
reference library n. 参考图书馆，工具书阅览室（藏书仅供查阅，不外借）
reference point n. 参比点，参照标准
referable adj. (referable to sth.)可与……相关的
These symptons may be referable to virus infection rather than parasites.
这些症状也许是由病毒感染引起的，而与寄生虫无关。
referee
n. 裁判，裁判员，介绍人，推荐人，仲裁员，调解人，（专业性文章的）审阅人，鉴定专家
n. 担任裁判，裁判，审阅，鉴定（专业性文章）
2. communicate
v. communicate with sb. （与某人）交流信息（或消息、意见扥等）；沟通
They communicated in sign language.
他们用手语沟通。
Dolphins use sound to communicate with each other.
海豚用声音相互沟通。
v. 传达，传递（想法、感情、思想等）
He was eager to communicate his idea to the group.
他急于把他的想法传给小组。
v.沟通communicate with sb.
The novel is about a family who can’t communicate with each other.
这部小说写的是成员彼此无法沟通的家庭。
v.传染，传播（疾病）
The disease is communicated through dirty drinking water.
这种疾病通过不干净的饮用水传播。
v.想通，相连
a communitating door
连通门
拓展
communication
Cn. 表达，交流，交际，传递
Speech is the fastest method of communication between people.
说话是人与人之间交流最快捷的方法。
Un. (=communications)通讯，联络
The new airport will improve communications between the islands.
新机场将改善岛屿间的通讯联系。
Cn.信息，书信，电话
a communication from the leader of the party
来自政党领袖的信息
communicative
adj.爱说话的，健谈的，乐于提供信息的
I don’t find him very communicative.
我发现他不太爱说话。
adj. 语言交际能力的（尤指用外语）
communicative skills
语言交际能力
communicator n.交际者，交流者
a skilled communicator
熟练的交际者
3. appreciate
vt. 欣赏，赏识，重现
You can’t really appreciate foreign literature in translation.
看翻译作品不能真正欣赏外国文学原著的美妙之处。
His talents are not fully appreciated in that company.
他的才干在那家公司未受到充分赏识。
vt.（通常不用于进行时）感激，感谢，欢迎
I would appreciate it if you paid in cash. （it充当形式宾语）
假如你支付现金的话，我会不胜感激。
I’d appreciate some help.
如果有人帮忙， 我会/将十分感谢。
We would appreciate you letting us know of any problems.
如有任何问题，请告诉我们。
v.（不用于进行）理解，意识到，领会
What I failed to appreciate was the distance between the two cities.
我没有意识到这两座城市间的距离。
I don’t think you appreciate how expensive it will be.
我想你不了解它会有多珍贵。
v.增值，升值
Their investments have appreciated over the years.
他们的投资这些年来已经增值。
appreciation
Un. 欣赏
She shows little appreciation of good music.
她感受不到美好音乐的妙处。
Un. appreciation of sth.理解，体谅，同情
I have no appreciation of the problems they faced.
我没有体谅到他们面临的困难。
Un. (appreciation of/for sth.)感激，感谢
Please accept this gift in appreciation of/for all you’ve done for us.
承蒙鼎力相助，不胜感激，谨备薄礼，敬请笑纳。
Un. appreciation of sth. （尤指艺术方面的）鉴定，评价，评估
appreciative
adj. appreciative of sth.感谢的，感激的
The company was very appreciative of my efforts.
公司对我的努力十分欣赏。
adj.欣赏的，赏识的
an appreciative audience/smile
有欣赏力的观众，会意的微笑
4. struggle
v. struggle for sth.奋斗，努力，争取
a country struggling for independence
为独立而奋斗的国家
They stuggled just to pay their bills.
他们辛苦所得仅敷日用。
v.艰难地行进，吃力地进行
I struggled up the hill with the heavy bags.
我背着几个沉重的包吃力地爬上山去。
v.struggle against/with sb./sth.斗争，抗争
He struggled agains cancer for two years.
他同癌症抗争了两年。
v.struggle with sb.搏斗，扭打，挣扎脱身
James was hit in the mouth as he struggled with the raiders.
詹姆斯在同几个劫匪搏斗时嘴上挨了打。
v.struggle with sb. for sth.争论，辩论
rival leaders struggling for power
互相对立的领导人争夺权力
n.struggle with sb. for/against sth.
struggle with sb. to do sth.斗争，奋斗，努力
struggle between A and B
Cn. 搏斗，扭打，（尤指）抢夺，挣扎，脱身
n.struggle to do sth.难事
It was a real struggle to be ready on time.
要按时做好准备确非易事。
struggle along.on在困难中坚持，勉力维持
Life is hard but we all have to struggle along.
虽说世路多艰，但我们全都得勉力向前。
5.equal
adj. (be) equal to sb./sth. （大小、价值、数据等）相同的，同样的相等的
There is an equal number of boys and girls in the class.
这个班男女生人数相等。
One unit of alcohol is equal to half a pint of beer.
一单位酒精等于半品脱啤酒。
adj. 平等的，同等的
The company has an equal opportunities policy.
这家公司的政策是人人机会均等。
adj. equal to something （力气、勇气、能力等）相当地，能胜任的，能应付的
I hope that he proves equal to the challenge.
我希望他最后能应付这一挑战。
n.同等的人，相等物
She treats the people who works for her as her equals.
她以平等的身份对待为她工作的人。
v.（大小、数量、价值等）与……相等，等于
A meter equals 39.38 inches.
1米等于39.38英寸。
v.比得上，敌得过
With his last jump he equaled the world record.
他的最后 一跳平了世界纪录。
be without equal | have no equal
无与伦比，无敌，无比
equality Un. 平等，均等，相等
Don’t you believe in equality between men and women.
难道你不相信男女平等吗？
equalize
vt.使平等，使均等，使相等
A policy to equalize the distribution of resources throughout the country
使资源在全国分布均衡的政策
v. （尤指足球）达成平局，扳平比分
Owen equalized early in the second half.
欧文在下半场比赛开始时把比分扳平。
equalization n.
equalizer n. （尤指足球）扳平比分的得分
Owen scored the equalizer for Liverpool.
欧文为利物浦队进了一球，扳平了比分。
equally
adv.平等地，同样地
Diet and exercise are qually important.
饮食和锻炼同样重要。
We try to treat every member of staff equally.
我们尽可能平等对待每一位工作人员。
adv. （引出同样重要的内容）同样，此外，也
I’m trying to do what is best, but equally I’ve got to consider the cost.
我在想尽力做得最好，但铜焊丝我也得考虑费用。
6. demand
n. demand for sth./that … （坚决的）要求，所需之物
a demand for higher pay
增加工资的要求
demands that the law on gun ownership should be changed
要求修改强制持有发的呼声
n. demands of sth. demands on sth.
（尤指困难，使人劳累、令人烦恼等的）要求
The demands of children
孩子烦人的事
Flying makes enoumous demands on pilots
驾驶飞机对飞行员要求很高。
n. demand for sth./sb.（顾客的）需求，需要
There’s an increased demand for organic produce these days.
目前对有机农产品有更大的需求。
v.强烈要求
She demanded an immediate explanantion.
她强烈要求立即作出解释。
The UN has demanded that all troops (should) be withdrawn.
联合国已要求所有部队撤离。
I demand to see the manager.
我坚决要求见经理。
vt.需要
This sport demands both speed and strength.
这项运动既需要速度也需要体力。
demanding
adj. （工作）要求高的，需要高技能（或耐性等）的，费力的
The work is physically demanding.
这工作需要有很好的体力。
adj. （人）要求极严的，苛求的，难满足的
a demanding boss/ child
苛刻的老板，难满足的孩子
7. base
n.根基，基座，底座
the base of a glas
玻璃杯底
Cn.根据，出发点
His arguments have a sound economic base.
他的论点有充分的经济上的根据。
Cn.（支持、收入、力量等的）来源，源泉，基础
These policies have broad base of support.
这些政策受到广泛的支持。
Cn.混合物的首要（或主要）成分
a drink with a rum base
主要成分为朗姆酒的饮料
Cn.居所，据点，总部，大本营
I spend a lot of time in Britain but Paris is still my base.
我有很多时间在英国度过，但主要还是居住在巴黎。
n.基地
v.base sb./sth./yourself in … 以……为据点（或总部等），把（总部等）设在
They decided to base the new company in York.
他们决定将新成立的公司总部设在约克郡。
base sth. on/upon sth.以……为基础（或根据）
What are you basing this theory on?
你这种理论的基础是什么？
adj.卑鄙的，不道德的
He acted from base motives.
他的行动动机卑鄙。
based
adj. based on sth.（以某事）为基础，为根据
The movie is based on a real-life incident.
这部电影以现实生活中的一件事为基础。
adj.（构成复合词）在……居住（或）工作，基地（或总部）在……
Chicag-based company
总部设在芝加哥的公司
adj. （构成复合词）以……为重要部分（或特征），以……为主
a class-based society
以阶级为特征的社会
baseless adj.无根据的，无缘无故的
The rumors were completely baseless.
那些谣传毫无根据。
basic
adj.basic to sth.基本的，基础的
Drums are basic to African music.
鼓是非洲音乐的基本乐器。
basic principles of law
法律的基本原则
adj.最简单的，初级的，初步的
My knowledge of French is pretty basic.
我的法语学的很粗浅。
adj.必需的，基本需要的
basic human rights
基本人权
adj.基本的，没有附加成分的
The basic pay of the average workers has risen by 3 percent.
普通工人的基本工资上升了3%。
basically
adv.大体上，基本上
The two approaches are basically very similar.
两种方法其实差不多。
adv.总的说来，从根本上说
Basically, there’s not a lot we can do about it.
总的说来，我们对此做不了很多事。
basics
n. basics of sth.基本因素（或原理、原则、规律等）
the basics of computer programming
计算机编程概要
n.基础设施，基本需要
Some schools lack money for basics like books and pencils.
有些学校缺少资金购买书本、铅笔之类的基本用具。
go/get back to basics回归本源，返璞归真
basis (pl. bases)
n.原因，缘由
She was chosen for the job on the basis of her qualifications and ideas.
她因具备适当资格，想法对路而被选担任该工作。
n.基准，准则，方式
on a regrlar/ permanent/part-time/temporary basic
以定期/永久/兼职/临时的方式
n.基础，要素，基点
This theory seems to have no basis in fact.
这一理论似乎没有实际的根据。
二、阅读
I 课文解构
1. writing 2. Formed 3 function
II 判断正误(T or F)TFTFF
1. Some of the ancient symbols can still be seen in today’s hanzi.
2. In the Han Dynasty, the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction.
3. People in modern times can read the classic works written by Chinese in ancient times.
4. The Chinese writing system today isn’t as important as before.
5. It is longgu that connects the past and the present.
III 根据课文内容选择正确答案。DCAB
1. Paragraph 1 mainly tells us that ______.
A. China experienced many ups and downs in its history.
B. China is noted for its ancient civilization.
C. Chines ancient civilization has continued all the way through into modern times.
D. the Chinese writing system contributes to Chinese civilization
2. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?
A. Originally, written Chinese was a picture-based language.
B. Ancient Chinese carved symbols on animal bones and shells.
C. The symbols didn’t becomea well-developed writing system until the Zhou Dynasty.
D. It was because of Emperor Qinshihuang that the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction.
3. Which of the following shows the structure of the whole text?
A. ①②③④⑤⑥ B. ①②③④⑤⑥
C. ①②③④⑤⑥ D. ①②③④⑤⑥
4. What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage?
A. To show how to proctise Chinese calligraphy.
B. To introduce the Chinese writing system.
C. To help foreigners learn about Chinese culture.
D. To teach foreigners how to learn Chinese.
IV 课文语法填空
Chinese ancient civilization has continued all the way through into modern times. There are many reasons (1) ______ this has been possible, but one of the main (2) ______ (factor) has been the Chinese writing system.
At (3) ______ beginning, writing Chinese was a picture-based language. Ancient Chinese people carved symbols on animnal bones and shells. By the Shang Dynasty, these symbols (4) ______ (become) a well-developed writing system. Over the years, it developed into diferent forms, as it was a time when the Chinese people (5) ______ (divide) geographically, (6) ______ (lead) to many varieties of dialects and characters. This, however, changed undfer Emperor Qinshihuang of the Qin Dynasty. From then on, the Chinese writing system began to develop in one (7) ______ (direct).
That writing system was (8) ______ great importance in uniting the Chinese people and culture. Written Chinese has also become an important means by which China’s present is connected with its past. Today, the Chinese writing system is still an important part of Chinese culture. As China plays a (9) ______ (great) role in global affairs, an increasing number of international students are beginning to appreciate China’s culture and history through this (10) ______ (amaze) language.
1 why 2 factors 3 the 4 had become 5 were divided 6 leading 7 direction 8 of 9 greater 10 amazing
三、语音
英语方言：英式英语和美式英语
四、语法
限制性定语从句：关系副词
五、写作
英语学习博客——写一篇针对学习问题提建议和求助的博客
I. 写作格式
有两种格式：
1.正式的博客：文章包括标题、日期、分类和正文。
2.非正式的博客：没有标题、日期和分类，只有正文。
II. 黄金写作模板
III. 写作语言特点
1.时态多用一般现在时和一般过去时。
2.语言要诚恳，提供的建议要有实用性。
3.语言具有相互性。
IV. 写作常用词汇
have trouble/difficulty with sth.在某方面有困难
find it difficult to do sth.发现做某事很难
my biggest difficulty/headache我最大的问题
give/offer sb. some advice给某人一些建议
help sb. with sth.在某方面帮助某人
suggest/advise doing sth. 建议做某事
listen to English programmes听语言节目
enlarge/increase one’s vocabulary 扩大某人的词汇量
pay attention to grammar注意语法
practice speaking Chinese with natie speakers和以汉语为母语的人练习说汉语
V. 写作常用句型
I used to do well in math, but now I’m having difficulty working out some exercises.
我过去数学很好，但是现在我在计算一些练习题方面有困难。
I think you’d better take down notes while listening.
我认为你最好边听边记笔记。
Speak English every day to achieve your greater fluency.
每天说英语使你说英语更流利。
If you often practice giving speeches in English, you will get your oral English improved.
如果你经常练习用英语作演讲，你就会提高你的英语口语。
Please give me some help.
请给我一些帮助。
典例剖析
假如你是李华，你在网上看到李明发的帖子，他说他的英语口语不好，希望得到大家的帮助，你给他回帖。内容要点提示：
1.给李明提建议；
2.你的联系英语口语的成功做法；
3.你在英语学习中遇到的困难一并请求帮助；
注意：词数80左右。
审题谋篇
1、定框架—— 好的开始，成功的一半
体裁
应用文
人称
第一、二人称为主
时态
一般现在时为主
框架
首段：针对李明的问题提出建议；
中段：自己的问题；
尾端：求助
2、定要点、关键词及动词时态——打造一篇要点全面、用词准确得体、时态多样的极优作文
要点一：我过去常常遇到这样的问题。
I used to meet such a problem.
要点二：现在我英语说得很好。
Now I speak English well.
要点三：当我回放它时，我比较那些演讲者的发音和我的发音。
When I play it back, I compare the pronunciation of the speakers with mine.
要点四：我尽可能经常地在公共场合练习说英语。
I practice speaking English in public as often as possible.
要点五：这帮助我获得自信和流利的英语。
This helps me gain confidence and fluency.
要点六：我知道大多数单词的意思。
I know the meanings of most words.
要点七：我不能理解整个句子。
I can’t understand the whole sentence.
3、词汇、句式升级——创造极优作文的倩词靓句
升级句式一：用but连接要点一和要点二。
I used to meet such a problem but now I speak English well.
升级句式二：用现在分词作状语改写要点三。
Playing it back, I compare the pronunciation of the speakers with mine.
升级句式三：以要点四为主句，把要点五改写为which引导的非限制性定语从句。
I practice speaking engish in public as often as possible, which helps me gain confidence and fluency.
升级句式四：把要点六改写为though引导的让步状语从句，要点七为主句。
Though I know the meaning of most words, I can’t understand the whole sentence.
4、组建极优作文——水到渠成的成就感：动力的源泉
Hi, Li Ming! How to improve your spoken English is really a problem. I used to meet such a problem but now I speak English well. I listen to high-quality spoken English every day and record my own speech. Playing it back, I compare the pronunciation of the speakers with mine and correct my wrong pronunciation. Besides, I practice speaking English in public as often as possible,which helps me gain confidence and fluency. I hope these suggestions will benefit you.
However, I have trouble in reading. Though I know the meanings of most words, I can’t understand the whole sentence because of some set phrases and idioms.
Any advice? I am eager for your help.
即学即练
加拿大高中生David在互联网上发了一个帖子，希望结识一位中国朋友，以便学习中国的语言、文化。假设你是李华，请在看到这则帖子后，用英文给David发一封电子邮件。主要内容包括：
1.你怎样得知David的愿望；
2.你愿意成为他的朋友；
3.你打算如何帮助他；
4.你盼望他的回复。
Dear Daviod,
I’ve learned it from the Internet that you want to make a Chinese friend so as to learn the Chinese language and culture. I’m glad that you show such great interest in China and I would like to be your friend.
I will try to write to you as often as possible about the Chinese culture. When you have the chance to come ot China, I’ll teach you how to speak Chinese and show you around some famous historical places of interest. Anyway, I am going to help you as much as I can. How do you find it?
I’m looking forward to your repley.
Yours,
Li Hua
Unit 5 Language around the World
一、词汇
1、识记
billion, native, attitude, reference, system, despite, factor, based, bone, symbol, carve, dynasty, variety, major, dialect, means, classic, regard, character, calligraphy, global, affair, appreciate, specific, struggle, tongue, semester, gas, petrol, subway, apartment, beg, equal, gap, demand, vocabulary, description, relate, point of view, *predict
2、词形变化
refer v. 提到，谈及；查阅，参考
referable adj. 可与……相关的
reference n. 谈及，说道（或写到）的事，参考，查阅，征询，（为方便查询所用的）标记，标识，编号；推荐信，推荐人；参考书目v. 查阅，参考，给（书等）附参考资料
vary v. (大小、形状等)相异，不同，有别，（根据情况）变化，变更
various adj. 各种各样的
variously adv. 以各种方式
variety n. （同一事物的）不同种类，多种式样；多样化，多变性；（植物、语言等的）变种，变体；综艺节目
major adj. 主要的n.主修学业 v. 主修
majority n. 大部分，大多数，多数票
majorly adv. （用于形容词前）非常地，极端地
classic adj.最优秀的，第一流的，典型的；（风格或设计）典雅的，传统的，有趣的，愚蠢的（或令人讨厌）而又不足为奇的 n. （书、电影或歌曲的）经典作品，杰作
classical adj. 古典的，经典的，传统的，（语言）文言的，古文的，有没得额，朴实美观的
classically adv.
claasicism n. 古典主义，古典风格
classicist n. 古希腊文学研究者，古典学者，拉丁文学研究者，（艺术或文学的）古典主义者
appreciate v. 欣赏，赏识，重视，感激，理解，意识到，增值，升值
appreciation n. 欣赏，理解，体谅，同情，感谢，增值，（尤指文学艺术方面的）鉴定，评估
appreciative adj. 感激的，欣赏的，赏识的
appreciable adj.（大得）可以觉察到的，足以认为重要的，可观的，
appreciably adv.
specific adj. 明确的，具体的，特定的，独有的，独特的
specifially adv. 明确地，具体地，特意，专门地，确切地说
specify v. 具体说明，明确规定，详述
description n. 描写（文字）；形容，说明，类型
describe v. 描述，形容， 把……称为。做……运动，画出……图形
descriptive adj. 描写的，叙述的，说明的，（语言）描写性的 ；（描述语言的实际应用而非使用规则）
communicate v. （与某人）交流信息（或消息、意见等）；沟通传达，传递（想法、感情、思想等）
communication n. 表达，交际，传递，通讯
communicative adj. 健谈的，乐于提供信息的，语言交际能力的（尤指用外语）
communicator n. 交际者，交流者
3、应用
1. refer v.
（1）refer to sb./sth. (as sth.) 提到，谈及，说起
Her mother never referred to him again.
她的母亲再也没有提起过他。
I promised not to refer to the matter again.
我答应过再也不提这事了。
She always referred Ben as “that nice man”.
她总是称本为“那个大好人”。
（2）描绘，涉及，与……有关
This paragraph refers to the events of last year.
这一段说的是去年发生的事。
（3）查阅，参考，征询
You may refer to your note if you want.
如果需要，可以查阅笔记。
refer sb./sth. to sb./sth. 将……送交给（以求获得帮助等）
My doctor referred me to a specialist.
我的一生让我去找一位专家诊治。
The case was referred to the court of Appeal.
这个案子被送交到上诉法院。
拓展：
reference
n. reference (to sb./sht.)说道（或写到）的事，提到，谈及，涉及
The book is full of references to growing up in India.
这本书谈到许多在印度怎样长大的事。
She made no reference to her illness but only to her future plans.
她没有提到她的病，只说了说她未来的计划。
n.参考，查阅，查询
I wrote down the name of the hotel for future reference.
我记下了这家酒店的名字，以后也许用得着。
The library contains many popular works of reference.
这家图书馆藏有许多常用的参考书。
n. reference to sb./sth.（帮助或意见的）征求，征询
The emergency nurse can treat minor injuries without reference to a doctor.
急救护士在不必征求医生的意见就可以处理轻伤。
Cn.（为了方便查询所用的）标记，标识，编号
Please quote your reference number when making an enquiry.
查询时请报出编号。
Cn.推荐信，介绍信
We will take up reference after the interview.
我们在面试之后收推荐信。
Cn.推荐人，介绍人
My previous boss will act as a reference for me.
我的前任上司将做我的推荐人。
Cn.参考书目
There is a list of reference at the end of each chapter.
每一章的后面都有一组参考书目。
vt.（书）查阅，参考，给（书等）附参考资料
Each chapter is referenced, citing literature up to 1999.
每一章都附有参考资料，引用文献截止到1999年。
拓展：
in/with reference to （所述内容）关于
with reference ot your letter of july 22 …
关于你7月22日的来信……
reference book n. 参考书，工具书
reference library n. 参考图书馆，工具书阅览室（藏书仅供查阅，不外借）
reference point n. 参比点，参照标准
referable adj. (referable to sth.)可与……相关的
These symptons may be referable to virus infection rather than parasites.
这些症状也许是由病毒感染引起的，而与寄生虫无关。
referee
n. 裁判，裁判员，介绍人，推荐人，仲裁员，调解人，（专业性文章的）审阅人，鉴定专家
n. 担任裁判，裁判，审阅，鉴定（专业性文章）
2. communicate
v. communicate with sb. （与某人）交流信息（或消息、意见扥等）；沟通
They communicated in sign language.
他们用手语沟通。
Dolphins use sound to communicate with each other.
海豚用声音相互沟通。
v. 传达，传递（想法、感情、思想等）
He was eager to communicate his idea to the group.
他急于把他的想法传给小组。
v.沟通communicate with sb.
The novel is about a family who can’t communicate with each other.
这部小说写的是成员彼此无法沟通的家庭。
v.传染，传播（疾病）
The disease is communicated through dirty drinking water.
这种疾病通过不干净的饮用水传播。
v.想通，相连
a communitating door
连通门
拓展
communication
Cn. 表达，交流，交际，传递
Speech is the fastest method of communication between people.
说话是人与人之间交流最快捷的方法。
Un. (=communications)通讯，联络
The new airport will improve communications between the islands.
新机场将改善岛屿间的通讯联系。
Cn.信息，书信，电话
a communication from the leader of the party
来自政党领袖的信息
communicative
adj.爱说话的，健谈的，乐于提供信息的
I don’t find him very communicative.
我发现他不太爱说话。
adj. 语言交际能力的（尤指用外语）
communicative skills
语言交际能力
communicator n.交际者，交流者
a skilled communicator
熟练的交际者
3. appreciate
vt. 欣赏，赏识，重现
You can’t really appreciate foreign literature in translation.
看翻译作品不能真正欣赏外国文学原著的美妙之处。
His talents are not fully appreciated in that company.
他的才干在那家公司未受到充分赏识。
vt.（通常不用于进行时）感激，感谢，欢迎
I would appreciate it if you paid in cash. （it充当形式宾语）
假如你支付现金的话，我会不胜感激。
I’d appreciate some help.
如果有人帮忙， 我会/将十分感谢。
We would appreciate you letting us know of any problems.
如有任何问题，请告诉我们。
v.（不用于进行）理解，意识到，领会
What I failed to appreciate was the distance between the two cities.
我没有意识到这两座城市间的距离。
I don’t think you appreciate how expensive it will be.
我想你不了解它会有多珍贵。
v.增值，升值
Their investments have appreciated over the years.
他们的投资这些年来已经增值。
appreciation
Un. 欣赏
She shows little appreciation of good music.
她感受不到美好音乐的妙处。
Un. appreciation of sth.理解，体谅，同情
I have no appreciation of the problems they faced.
我没有体谅到他们面临的困难。
Un. (appreciation of/for sth.)感激，感谢
Please accept this gift in appreciation of/for all you’ve done for us.
承蒙鼎力相助，不胜感激，谨备薄礼，敬请笑纳。
Un. appreciation of sth. （尤指艺术方面的）鉴定，评价，评估
appreciative
adj. appreciative of sth.感谢的，感激的
The company was very appreciative of my efforts.
公司对我的努力十分欣赏。
adj.欣赏的，赏识的
an appreciative audience/smile
有欣赏力的观众，会意的微笑
4. struggle
v. struggle for sth.奋斗，努力，争取
a country struggling for independence
为独立而奋斗的国家
They stuggled just to pay their bills.
他们辛苦所得仅敷日用。
v.艰难地行进，吃力地进行
I struggled up the hill with the heavy bags.
我背着几个沉重的包吃力地爬上山去。
v.struggle against/with sb./sth.斗争，抗争
He struggled agains cancer for two years.
他同癌症抗争了两年。
v.struggle with sb.搏斗，扭打，挣扎脱身
James was hit in the mouth as he struggled with the raiders.
詹姆斯在同几个劫匪搏斗时嘴上挨了打。
v.struggle with sb. for sth.争论，辩论
rival leaders struggling for power
互相对立的领导人争夺权力
n.struggle with sb. for/against sth.
struggle with sb. to do sth.斗争，奋斗，努力
struggle between A and B
Cn. 搏斗，扭打，（尤指）抢夺，挣扎，脱身
n.struggle to do sth.难事
It was a real struggle to be ready on time.
要按时做好准备确非易事。
struggle along.on在困难中坚持，勉力维持
Life is hard but we all have to struggle along.
虽说世路多艰，但我们全都得勉力向前。
5.equal
adj. (be) equal to sb./sth. （大小、价值、数据等）相同的，同样的相等的
There is an equal number of boys and girls in the class.
这个班男女生人数相等。
One unit of alcohol is equal to half a pint of beer.
一单位酒精等于半品脱啤酒。
adj. 平等的，同等的
The company has an equal opportunities policy.
这家公司的政策是人人机会均等。
adj. equal to something （力气、勇气、能力等）相当地，能胜任的，能应付的
I hope that he proves equal to the challenge.
我希望他最后能应付这一挑战。
n.同等的人，相等物
She treats the people who works for her as her equals.
她以平等的身份对待为她工作的人。
v.（大小、数量、价值等）与……相等，等于
A meter equals 39.38 inches.
1米等于39.38英寸。
v.比得上，敌得过
With his last jump he equaled the world record.
他的最后 一跳平了世界纪录。
be without equal | have no equal
无与伦比，无敌，无比
equality Un. 平等，均等，相等
Don’t you believe in equality between men and women.
难道你不相信男女平等吗？
equalize
vt.使平等，使均等，使相等
A policy to equalize the distribution of resources throughout the country
使资源在全国分布均衡的政策
v. （尤指足球）达成平局，扳平比分
Owen equalized early in the second half.
欧文在下半场比赛开始时把比分扳平。
equalization n.
equalizer n. （尤指足球）扳平比分的得分
Owen scored the equalizer for Liverpool.
欧文为利物浦队进了一球，扳平了比分。
equally
adv.平等地，同样地
Diet and exercise are qually important.
饮食和锻炼同样重要。
We try to treat every member of staff equally.
我们尽可能平等对待每一位工作人员。
adv. （引出同样重要的内容）同样，此外，也
I’m trying to do what is best, but equally I’ve got to consider the cost.
我在想尽力做得最好，但铜焊丝我也得考虑费用。
6. demand
n. demand for sth./that … （坚决的）要求，所需之物
a demand for higher pay
增加工资的要求
demands that the law on gun ownership should be changed
要求修改强制持有发的呼声
n. demands of sth. demands on sth.
（尤指困难，使人劳累、令人烦恼等的）要求
The demands of children
孩子烦人的事
Flying makes enoumous demands on pilots
驾驶飞机对飞行员要求很高。
n. demand for sth./sb.（顾客的）需求，需要
There’s an increased demand for organic produce these days.
目前对有机农产品有更大的需求。
v.强烈要求
She demanded an immediate explanantion.
她强烈要求立即作出解释。
The UN has demanded that all troops (should) be withdrawn.
联合国已要求所有部队撤离。
I demand to see the manager.
我坚决要求见经理。
vt.需要
This sport demands both speed and strength.
这项运动既需要速度也需要体力。
demanding
adj. （工作）要求高的，需要高技能（或耐性等）的，费力的
The work is physically demanding.
这工作需要有很好的体力。
adj. （人）要求极严的，苛求的，难满足的
a demanding boss/ child
苛刻的老板，难满足的孩子
7. base
n.根基，基座，底座
the base of a glas
玻璃杯底
Cn.根据，出发点
His arguments have a sound economic base.
他的论点有充分的经济上的根据。
Cn.（支持、收入、力量等的）来源，源泉，基础
These policies have broad base of support.
这些政策受到广泛的支持。
Cn.混合物的首要（或主要）成分
a drink with a rum base
主要成分为朗姆酒的饮料
Cn.居所，据点，总部，大本营
I spend a lot of time in Britain but Paris is still my base.
我有很多时间在英国度过，但主要还是居住在巴黎。
n.基地
v.base sb./sth./yourself in … 以……为据点（或总部等），把（总部等）设在
They decided to base the new company in York.
他们决定将新成立的公司总部设在约克郡。
base sth. on/upon sth.以……为基础（或根据）
What are you basing this theory on?
你这种理论的基础是什么？
adj.卑鄙的，不道德的
He acted from base motives.
他的行动动机卑鄙。
based
adj. based on sth.（以某事）为基础，为根据
The movie is based on a real-life incident.
这部电影以现实生活中的一件事为基础。
adj.（构成复合词）在……居住（或）工作，基地（或总部）在……
Chicag-based company
总部设在芝加哥的公司
adj. （构成复合词）以……为重要部分（或特征），以……为主
a class-based society
以阶级为特征的社会
baseless adj.无根据的，无缘无故的
The rumors were completely baseless.
那些谣传毫无根据。
basic
adj.basic to sth.基本的，基础的
Drums are basic to African music.
鼓是非洲音乐的基本乐器。
basic principles of law
法律的基本原则
adj.最简单的，初级的，初步的
My knowledge of French is pretty basic.
我的法语学的很粗浅。
adj.必需的，基本需要的
basic human rights
基本人权
adj.基本的，没有附加成分的
The basic pay of the average workers has risen by 3 percent.
普通工人的基本工资上升了3%。
basically
adv.大体上，基本上
The two approaches are basically very similar.
两种方法其实差不多。
adv.总的说来，从根本上说
Basically, there’s not a lot we can do about it.
总的说来，我们对此做不了很多事。
basics
n. basics of sth.基本因素（或原理、原则、规律等）
the basics of computer programming
计算机编程概要
n.基础设施，基本需要
Some schools lack money for basics like books and pencils.
有些学校缺少资金购买书本、铅笔之类的基本用具。
go/get back to basics回归本源，返璞归真
basis (pl. bases)
n.原因，缘由
She was chosen for the job on the basis of her qualifications and ideas.
她因具备适当资格，想法对路而被选担任该工作。
n.基准，准则，方式
on a regrlar/ permanent/part-time/temporary basic
以定期/永久/兼职/临时的方式
n.基础，要素，基点
This theory seems to have no basis in fact.
这一理论似乎没有实际的根据。
二、阅读
I 课文解构
1. writing 2. Formed 3 function
II 判断正误(T or F)TFTFF
1. Some of the ancient symbols can still be seen in today’s hanzi.
2. In the Han Dynasty, the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction.
3. People in modern times can read the classic works written by Chinese in ancient times.
4. The Chinese writing system today isn’t as important as before.
5. It is longgu that connects the past and the present.
III 根据课文内容选择正确答案。DCAB
1. Paragraph 1 mainly tells us that ______.
A. China experienced many ups and downs in its history.
B. China is noted for its ancient civilization.
C. Chines ancient civilization has continued all the way through into modern times.
D. the Chinese writing system contributes to Chinese civilization
2. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?
A. Originally, written Chinese was a picture-based language.
B. Ancient Chinese carved symbols on animal bones and shells.
C. The symbols didn’t becomea well-developed writing system until the Zhou Dynasty.
D. It was because of Emperor Qinshihuang that the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction.
3. Which of the following shows the structure of the whole text?
A. ①②③④⑤⑥ B. ①②③④⑤⑥
C. ①②③④⑤⑥ D. ①②③④⑤⑥
4. What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage?
A. To show how to proctise Chinese calligraphy.
B. To introduce the Chinese writing system.
C. To help foreigners learn about Chinese culture.
D. To teach foreigners how to learn Chinese.
IV 课文语法填空
Chinese ancient civilization has continued all the way through into modern times. There are many reasons (1) ______ this has been possible, but one of the main (2) ______ (factor) has been the Chinese writing system.
At (3) ______ beginning, writing Chinese was a picture-based language. Ancient Chinese people carved symbols on animnal bones and shells. By the Shang Dynasty, these symbols (4) ______ (become) a well-developed writing system. Over the years, it developed into diferent forms, as it was a time when the Chinese people (5) ______ (divide) geographically, (6) ______ (lead) to many varieties of dialects and characters. This, however, changed undfer Emperor Qinshihuang of the Qin Dynasty. From then on, the Chinese writing system began to develop in one (7) ______ (direct).
That writing system was (8) ______ great importance in uniting the Chinese people and culture. Written Chinese has also become an important means by which China’s present is connected with its past. Today, the Chinese writing system is still an important part of Chinese culture. As China plays a (9) ______ (great) role in global affairs, an increasing number of international students are beginning to appreciate China’s culture and history through this (10) ______ (amaze) language.
1 why 2 factors 3 the 4 had become 5 were divided 6 leading 7 direction 8 of 9 greater 10 amazing
三、语音
英语方言：英式英语和美式英语
四、语法
限制性定语从句：关系副词
五、写作
英语学习博客——写一篇针对学习问题提建议和求助的博客
I. 写作格式
有两种格式：
1.正式的博客：文章包括标题、日期、分类和正文。
2.非正式的博客：没有标题、日期和分类，只有正文。
II. 黄金写作模板
III. 写作语言特点
1.时态多用一般现在时和一般过去时。
2.语言要诚恳，提供的建议要有实用性。
3.语言具有相互性。
IV. 写作常用词汇
have trouble/difficulty with sth.在某方面有困难
find it difficult to do sth.发现做某事很难
my biggest difficulty/headache我最大的问题
give/offer sb. some advice给某人一些建议
help sb. with sth.在某方面帮助某人
suggest/advise doing sth. 建议做某事
listen to English programmes听语言节目
enlarge/increase one’s vocabulary 扩大某人的词汇量
pay attention to grammar注意语法
practice speaking Chinese with natie speakers和以汉语为母语的人练习说汉语
V. 写作常用句型
I used to do well in math, but now I’m having difficulty working out some exercises.
我过去数学很好，但是现在我在计算一些练习题方面有困难。
I think you’d better take down notes while listening.
我认为你最好边听边记笔记。
Speak English every day to achieve your greater fluency.
每天说英语使你说英语更流利。
If you often practice giving speeches in English, you will get your oral English improved.
如果你经常练习用英语作演讲，你就会提高你的英语口语。
Please give me some help.
请给我一些帮助。
典例剖析
假如你是李华，你在网上看到李明发的帖子，他说他的英语口语不好，希望得到大家的帮助，你给他回帖。内容要点提示：
1.给李明提建议；
2.你的联系英语口语的成功做法；
3.你在英语学习中遇到的困难一并请求帮助；
注意：词数80左右。
审题谋篇
1、定框架—— 好的开始，成功的一半
体裁
应用文
人称
第一、二人称为主
时态
一般现在时为主
框架
首段：针对李明的问题提出建议；
中段：自己的问题；
尾端：求助
2、定要点、关键词及动词时态——打造一篇要点全面、用词准确得体、时态多样的极优作文
要点一：我过去常常遇到这样的问题。
I used to meet such a problem.
要点二：现在我英语说得很好。
Now I speak English well.
要点三：当我回放它时，我比较那些演讲者的发音和我的发音。
When I play it back, I compare the pronunciation of the speakers with mine.
要点四：我尽可能经常地在公共场合练习说英语。
I practice speaking English in public as often as possible.
要点五：这帮助我获得自信和流利的英语。
This helps me gain confidence and fluency.
要点六：我知道大多数单词的意思。
I know the meanings of most words.
要点七：我不能理解整个句子。
I can’t understand the whole sentence.
3、词汇、句式升级——创造极优作文的倩词靓句
升级句式一：用but连接要点一和要点二。
I used to meet such a problem but now I speak English well.
升级句式二：用现在分词作状语改写要点三。
Playing it back, I compare the pronunciation of the speakers with mine.
升级句式三：以要点四为主句，把要点五改写为which引导的非限制性定语从句。
I practice speaking engish in public as often as possible, which helps me gain confidence and fluency.
升级句式四：把要点六改写为though引导的让步状语从句，要点七为主句。
Though I know the meaning of most words, I can’t understand the whole sentence.
4、组建极优作文——水到渠成的成就感：动力的源泉
Hi, Li Ming! How to improve your spoken English is really a problem. I used to meet such a problem but now I speak English well. I listen to high-quality spoken English every day and record my own speech. Playing it back, I compare the pronunciation of the speakers with mine and correct my wrong pronunciation. Besides, I practice speaking English in public as often as possible,which helps me gain confidence and fluency. I hope these suggestions will benefit you.
However, I have trouble in reading. Though I know the meanings of most words, I can’t understand the whole sentence because of some set phrases and idioms.
Any advice? I am eager for your help.
即学即练
加拿大高中生David在互联网上发了一个帖子，希望结识一位中国朋友，以便学习中国的语言、文化。假设你是李华，请在看到这则帖子后，用英文给David发一封电子邮件。主要内容包括：
1.你怎样得知David的愿望；
2.你愿意成为他的朋友；
3.你打算如何帮助他；
4.你盼望他的回复。
Dear Daviod,
I’ve learned it from the Internet that you want to make a Chinese friend so as to learn the Chinese language and culture. I’m glad that you show such great interest in China and I would like to be your friend.
I will try to write to you as often as possible about the Chinese culture. When you have the chance to come ot China, I’ll teach you how to speak Chinese and show you around some famous historical places of interest. Anyway, I am going to help you as much as I can. How do you find it?
I’m looking forward to your repley.
Yours,
Li Hua