(共50张PPT)
二十七 选择性必修 第二册
Unit
3 Times
change!
(限时35分钟)
Ⅰ.
阅读理解
(2021·西安模拟)
By
the
1970s,
the
Olympic
Marathon
had
come
a
long
way
from
the
dusty
roads
of
Athens.
Yet
women
were
still
not
allowed
to
compete
and
the
struggle
to
establish
a
women’s
Olympic
Marathon
was
itself
something
of
a
long-distance
race.
Women
had
been
excluded
from
long-distance
running
until
1928,
when
the
typical
long
race
was
the
800
meters.
The
women
competitors
hadn’t
properly
prepared
for
the
race
and
several
fell
down
and
became
temporarily
unconscious
due
to
extreme
tiredness.
This
led
Olympic
organizers
in
1928
to
consider
the
marathon
too
violent
for
women.
This
is
not
to
say
there
was
no
tradition
of
women’s
long-distance
running.
Women
had
been
prohibited
from
participating
in
the
ancient
Olympics
by
the
cruel
law.
But
women
in
ancient
Greece
held
their
own
festival
to
honor
the
goddess
Hera
every
five
years.
Only
one
athletic
event
was
held—a
running
race.
When
the
Olympics
were
revived
in
1896,
women
were
again
excluded.
However,
in
1967,
women’s
ability
in
running
attracted
great
attention.
Number
261
in
the
Boston
Marathon
was
given
to
K
V.
Switzer.
Not
until
two
miles
into
the
race
did
officials
realize
that
Switzer
was
a
woman.
Race
officials
tried
to
catch
Switzer
and
remove
her
from
the
race
but
her
teammates
fended
them
off
with
body
blocks.
And
Switzer
wasn’t
scared
by
officials’
aggressive
actions.
She
kept
running.
Although
the
running
was
demanding,
Switzer
didn’t
give
up
and
eventually
finished
the
race.
Switzer’s
story
made
the
quest
for
equality
in
long-distance
running
for
women
a
political
issue.
Slowly,
the
rules
did
begin
to
change.
The
first
women’s
marathon
officially
agreed
by
the
IAAF
was
the
Tokyo
International,
held
in
1979.
IAAF
president
Adriaan
Paulen
watched
the
race.
He
was
so
impressed
by
the
level
of
the
competition
that
he
announced
he
would
fully
support
the
effort
to
establish
a
women’s
marathon
in
the
Olympics.
Soon
the
IAAF
recommended
to
the
IOC
that
women’s
marathon
be
included
in
the
1984
Los
Angeles
Olympics.
And
the
advice
was
adopted.
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了女性在争取女子长跑马拉松资格中的努力,
在1928年以前,
女子长跑一直被排除在外。当奥运会在1896年恢复时,
女性再次被排除在外,
而一个名为K
V.
Switzer的女性因为勇敢地和比赛官方斗争,
并完成了比赛,
使追求女性长跑平等成为一个政治问题。后来在Adriaan
Paulen的建议下女性获得参加奥运会马拉松的资格。
1.
What
was
the
reason
for
women’s
failing
to
attend
the
Olympic
Marathon
in
1928?
A.
They
generally
weren’t
enthusiastic
about
it.
B.
They
were
thought
not
strong
enough
for
it.
C.
They
weren’t
supported
by
the
public
to
attend
it.
D.
They
were
too
tired
to
make
full
preparations
for
it.
【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第二段中The
women
competitors
hadn’t
properly
prepared
for
the
race
and
several
fell
down
and
became
temporarily
unconscious
due
to
extreme
tiredness.
This
led
Olympic
organizers
in
1928
to
consider
the
marathon
too
violent
for
women.
可知女选手们没有做好比赛准备,
有几位选手因极度疲劳而摔倒,
暂时失去意识。这使得1928年的奥运会组织者认为马拉松比赛对女性来说过于激烈了。由此可知,
女子未能参加1928年奥运会马拉松比赛的原因是她们被认为不够强壮。故选B。
2.
Which
of
the
following
can
best
replace
the
underlined
word
“prohibited”in
Paragraph
3?
A.
Separated.
B.
Banned.
C.
Freed.
D.
Protected.
【解析】选B。词义猜测题。根据后文from
participating
in
the
ancient
Olympics
by
the
cruel
law.
.
.
Only
one
athletic
event
was
held—a
running
race.
可知,
残酷的法律禁止女性参加古代奥运会。唯一能参加的体育赛事就是跑步比赛。由此可知,
画线单词意思为“禁止”。
separated分开;
banned禁止;
freed解放;
protected保护。故选B。
3.
Which
of
the
following
best
describe
Switzer?
A.
Brave
and
determined.
B.
Talented
and
kind.
C.
Honest
and
easygoing.
D.
Optimistic
and
clever.
【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据第四段中Race
officials
tried
to
catch
Switzer
and
remove
her
from
the
race
but
her
teammates
fended
them
off
with
body
blocks.
And
Switzer
wasn’t
scared
by
officials’
aggressive
actions.
She
kept
running.
Although
the
running
was
demanding,
Switzer
didn’t
give
up
and
eventually
finished
the
race.
Switzer’s
story
made
the
quest
for
equality
in
long-distance
running
for
women
a
political
issue.
Slowly,
the
rules
did
begin
to
change.
可知比
赛官员试图抓住Switzer并把她带离比赛,
但她的队友用身体挡开了他们。官员
的激进行为并没有吓倒她,
她一直在跑。虽然跑起来很吃力,
但Switzer没有放弃,
最终完成了比赛。Switzer的故事让女性追求长跑平等成为一个政治问题。慢慢地,
规则开始改变。由此可推知,
Switzer是个勇敢挑战权威,
且坚定完成了比赛的女性。故选A。
4.
What’s
Adriaan
Paulen’s
contribution
to
women’s
running?
A.
Letting
women
have
the
right
to
compete
against
men
in
running.
B.
Making
a
series
of
rules
for
women’s
running.
C.
Having
trained
many
outstanding
women
runners.
D.
Helping
women
be
qualified
for
the
Olympic
Marathon.
【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据最后一段可知比赛的水平给他留下了深刻的印象,
他宣布他将全力支持女子马拉松在奥运会上的发展。不久,
国际田联向国际奥委会推荐在1984年洛杉矶奥运会中加入女子马拉松。这个建议被采纳了。由此可知,
Adriaan
Paulen对女子跑步的贡献是帮助女性获得参加奥运会马拉松的资格。故选D。
【难句解读】
1.
Women
had
been
excluded
from
long-distance
running
until
1928,
when
the
typical
long
race
was
the
800
meters.
分析:
该句是主从复合句。其中when引导非限制性定语从句;
until
1928是时间状语从句。
翻译:
直到1928年,
女性一直被排除在长跑之外,
当时典型的长跑距离是800米。
2.
He
was
so
impressed
by
the
level
of
the
competition
that
he
announced
he
would
fully
support
the
effort
to
establish
a
women’s
marathon
in
the
Olympics.
分析:
该句是主从复合句。是“so.
.
.
that.
.
.
结构”句型,
该句型中that引导结果状语从句;
该从句也是主从复合句,
announced后是省略引导词that的宾语从句;
to
establish.
.
.
Olympics是不定式短语作后置定语,
修饰effort。
翻译:
比赛的水平给他留下了深刻的印象,
他宣布将全力支持在奥运会上设立女子马拉松比赛项目的努力。
Ⅱ.
完形填空
(2021·北京模拟)
I
Have
Two
Names
Oyindasola
means
“Honey
poured
into
my
wealth”.
It’s
fairly
common
Nigerian
(尼日利亚的)
name,
mainly
used
for
girls.
1 ,
I’m
known
as
Oyindasola
but
my
nickname
is
Chelsea.
Some
ask
why
I
don’t
use
my
real 2
and
I
tell
them
what
my
father
told
me:
a
story
about
him
visiting
Chelsea,
South
West
London
a
year
after
I
was
born.
I
tell
them
that
this
nickname
spoke
to
him
so
much
that
it
3
on
every
birthday
cake
of
mine.
?
When
I
was
seven,
inside
the
brick
walls
of
our
townhouse
in
New
York,
we
decided
to 4
to
Nigeria.
And
my
mother
needed
to
know
what
my
family
there
would
call
me.
The
nickname
I’d
been
called
for
as
long
as
I
could
5
or
the
complex
name
on
my
passport?
A
simple
question.
But
it
tore
me
apart.
?
A
week
later
we
found
ourselves
at
an
airport
with
groups
of
Nigerians
speaking
as
we 6
for
our
cab.
After
a
week
of
getting
used
to
the
spicier
foods,
and
sharper
scents,
I
fell
into
routine.
Soon,
my
memories
of
Disney
in
America
were
7
with
sounds
of
Nigerian
music.
My
tongue
grew
heavier
with
Nigerian
8 ,
and
the
words
shared
between
my
mother
and
grandmother
in
their
native
tongue
finally
9 .
But,
I
still
wasn’t
Nigerian
enough.
Their
unfriendly
looks
and
remarks
were
a
constant
reminder
of
who
I
was:
an
American
girl
with
the
westernized
name.
So
I
wasn’t
10
sad
when
my
mother
announced
our
back
to
America
for
her
work.
?
On
the
first
day
of
middle
school
in
America,
11
coursed
through
me
because
I
knew
my
birth
name
wouldn’t
escape
the
attendance
list
just
as
I
couldn’t
fail
to
draw
others’
attention.
I
was
12
when
the
teacher
mispronounced
my
painfully
long
name
and
my
classmates
laughed.
?
But
with
every
passing
year,
came
new
13 .
Every
new
attendance
roll
(考勤)
call
was
responded
with
a
braver
voice
and
a
14
smile.
That
long
name,
mispronounced
or
not,
is
mine.
The
Nigerian
accent
slipping
through
is
mine.
Who
I
am
is
simple:
a
Nigerian
girl
with
15
to
the
American
dream,
a
girl
with
two
languages
and
two
names.
?
【文章大意】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一个出生在美国的尼日利亚女孩的名字的故事,
经过一些事情后。她对自己的尼日利亚名字和西方化的别名都有了更深刻的理解。
1.
A.
Luckily
B.
Frankly
C.
Legally
D.
Obviously
【解析】选C。考查副词词义辨析。句意:
在法律上,
我的名字叫Oyindasola,
但我的别名是Chelsea。Luckily幸运地;
Frankly坦白地;
Legally在法律上;
Obviously明显地。根据下文的my
nickname
is
Chelsea可知,
这是作者的别名,
而Oyindasola是她的合法名字,
故选C项。
2.
A.
origin
B.
name
C.
identity
D.
signature
【解析】选B。考查名词词义辨析。句意:
有人问我为什么不用我的真名,
我告诉他们父亲告诉我的故事——一个关于他在我出生一年后去参观伦敦西南部的Chelsea的故事。origin起源;
name名字;
identity身份;
signature签名。根据下文的I
tell
them
that
this
nickname
spoke
to
him
so
much可知作者的别名对父亲意义重大,
由此推测,
作者常用别名,
而不是真名,
故选B项。
3.
A.
competed
B.
happened
C.
passed
D.
appeared
【解析】选D。考查动词词义辨析。句意:
我告诉他们这个别名对父亲来说意义重大,
以至于它会出现在我每一年的生日蛋糕上。competed竞争;
happened发生;
passed通过;
appeared出现。结合常识可知,
生日蛋糕上会写过生日人的名字,
而作者的生日蛋糕上每年出现的名字是Chelsea,
故选D项。
4.
A.
drive
B.
move
C.
pace
D.
walk
【解析】选B。考查动词词义辨析。句意:
7岁时,
在我家位于纽约的砖墙房子里,
我们决定搬到尼日利亚。drive开车;
move搬家;
pace踱步;
walk行走。根据下文的A
week
later
we
found
ourselves
at
an
airport
with
groups
of
Nigerians
speaking
as
we
_______for
our
cab.
可知作者和家人搬到了尼日利亚,
故选B项。?
5.
A.
imagine
B.
predict
C.
remember
D.
survive
【解析】选C。考查动词词义辨析。句意:
从我记事起就开始叫的别名还是叫我护照上的复杂名字呢?
imagine想象;
predict预测;
remember记得;
survive幸存。根据前文的I
tell
them
that
this
nickname
spoke
to
him
so
much
that
it
_______on
every
birthday
cake
of
mine.
可推测,
作者从小叫Chelsea,
即从作者记事起,
故选C项。?
6.
A.
headed
B.
answered
C.
changed
D.
turned
【解析】选A。考查动词词义辨析。句意:
一周后,
当我们在机场前往出租车时,
发现我们和一群尼日利亚人在一起。
headed朝,
向;
answered回答;
changed改变;
turned转动。根据前文的at
an
airport可推测作者和家人准备乘坐出租车前往住处,
故此处用headed
for“前往”符合语境,
故选A项。
7.
A.
connected
B.
replaced
C.
faced
D.
decorated
【解析】选B。考查动词词义辨析。句意:
很快,
我对美国迪斯尼乐园的记忆就被尼日利亚的音乐声代替了。
connected联系;
replaced代替;
faced面对;
decorated装饰。根据下文的My
tongue
grew
heavier
with
Nigerian可知作者的尼日利亚口音很重,
由此推测作者适应了那里的生活,
对美国的记忆已经被尼日利亚的文化代替了,
故选B项。
8.
A.
recreation
B.
lifestyle
C.
accent
D.
diet
【解析】选C。考查名词词义辨析。句意:
我的尼日利亚口音变得更重了。recreation反应;
lifestyle生活方式;
accent口音;
diet饮食。根据上文的tongue可知此处用“口音”符合语境,
故选C项。
9.
A.
made
sense
B.
took
shape
C.
died
away
D.
ran
out
【解析】选A。考查动词短语辨析。句意:
最终,
妈妈和祖母用母语交流的语言变得有意义了。
made
sense有意义;
took
shape成型;
died
away逐渐减弱;
ran
out用完。根据上文的My
tongue
grew
heavier
with
Nigerian可推测作者现在能听得懂尼日利亚语,
因此妈妈和祖母之间的对话对作者来说也变得有意义了,
故选A项。
10.
A.
rarely
B.
really
C.
perfectly
D.
nervously
【解析】选B。考查副词词义辨析。句意:
因此当妈妈宣布因为她的工作我们要回美国时我真不伤心。rarely稀少地;
really真正地;
perfectly完美地;
nervously紧张地。根据上文的Their
unfriendly
looks
and
remarks
were
a
constant
reminder
of
who
I
was可知,
作者在尼日利亚过得并不是很开心,
因此要离开这个地方作者真不伤心,
故选B项。
11.
A.
anxiety
B.
disappointment
C.
rudeness
D.
shock
【解析】选A。考查名词词义辨析。句意:
在美国上初中的第一天,
我焦虑不安,
因为我知道我出生的名字不会从考勤名单上逃掉,
正如我总是会引起他人的注意一样。anxiety焦虑;
disappointment失望;
rudeness粗鲁;
shock震惊。根据下文的because
I
knew
my
birth
name
wouldn’t
escape
the
attendance
list可知,
作者因为自己的名字肯定会被叫到而感到焦虑不安,
故选A项。
12.
A.
guilty
B.
regretful
C.
embarrassed
D.
confused
【解析】选C。考查形容词词义辨析。句意:
当老师把我长长的名字拼错时我觉得很尴尬,
同学们也哄堂大笑。guilty罪恶的;
regretful后悔的;
embarrassed尴尬的;
confused困惑的。由when
the
teacher
mispronounced
my
painfully
long
name可知,
此处是指作者因为名字被叫错而感到尴尬,
故选C项。
13.
A.
sympathy
B.
confidence
C.
generosity
D.
honesty
【解析】选B。考查名词词义辨析。句意:
但随着一年年地过去,
我有了一个新的信心。sympathy同情;
confidence信心;
generosity慷慨;
honesty诚实。根据下文的Every
new
attendance
roll
call
was
responded
with
a
braver
voice可知作者变得越来越有勇气,
故此处用“信心”符合语境,
故选B项。
14.
A.
kinder
B.
weaker
C.
wider
D.
friendlier
【解析】选C。考查形容词词义辨析。句意:
每一次考勤点名时,
我都用更勇敢的声音和更灿烂的微笑来回应。
kinder更善良的;
weaker更虚弱的;
wider更宽的;
friendlier更友好的。根据下文的That
long
name,
mispronounced
or
not,
is
mine.
The
Nigerian
accent
slipping
through
is
mine.
Who
I
am
is
simple可知作者已经不在乎自己的名字是否被念错,
并且用更灿烂的微笑来面对这件事,
故选C项。
15.
A.
reaction
B.
objection
C.
response
D.
access
【解析】选D。考查名词词义辨析。句意:
我是谁很简单:
一个可以接触美国梦的尼日利亚女孩,
一个能说两种语言有两个名字的女孩。
reaction反应;
objection反对;
response回应;
access进入,
使用。根据句意可知,
此处考查固定短语with
access
to“能够接触”,
故选D项。
Ⅲ.
读后续写
(2021·潍坊模拟)
阅读下面材料,
根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,
使之构成一篇完整的
短文。
Arthur
was
messy.
He
didn’t
try
to
make
messes,
but
he
didn’t
try
to
clean
up
much,
either.
There
were
always
small
pieces
of
food
on
the
table
when
he
was
done
eating.
His
socks
never
made
it
into
the
hamper
(洗衣篮).
And
he
only
picked
up
his
toys
when
Mom
threatened
to
throw
them
away.
Most
days,
Mom
followed
Arthur
around
the
house
and
cleaned
up
after
him.
She
brushed
the
crumbs
(碎屑)
into
her
hand
and
threw
them
away
after
meals.
She
picked
up
his
socks
and
made
sure
they
got
washed,
dried
and
folded
neatly
before
going
back
in
the
drawer.
She
often
picked
up
his
toys
when
he
left
them
to
do
something
else.
One
day,
Mom
asked
Arthur
to
pick
up
his
toy
train.
“Not
right
now,
”
Arthur
said.
He
was
reading
a
comic
book.
The
train
had
been
on
the
living
room
floor
since
the
morning.
“You
know
what,
Arthur?
I’m
not
going
to
ask
you
again.
I’m
done
cleaning
today.
”
And
with
that.
Mom
put
her
feet
up
on
the
sofa
and
picked
up
a
book
to
read.
At
dinner
time,
Arthur
noticed
that
there
was
a
big
pile
of
crumbs
at
his
place
at
the
table.
Mom’s
spot
was
nice
and
clean.
Arthur
didn’t
like
the
crumbs
very
much.
After
dinner,
Arthur’s
feet
felt
cold.
He
went
to
his
room
and
opened
his
drawer,
but
the
drawer
was
empty.
“Mom,
where
are
my
socks?
”
Arthur
called.
“There
weren’t
any
socks
in
your
hamper,
so
I
didn’t
wash
them,
”
Mom
said.
Arthur
felt
unhappy.
Now
his
feet
would
be
cold,
unless
he
wanted
to
wear
dirty
socks
from
the
floor.
He
decided
to
stay
barefoot.
When
it
was
time
for
bed,
Arthur
said
good
night
to
Mom
and
turned
to
go
upstairs.
Arthur
stepped
right
on
his
toy
train
in
his
bare
feet.
“Ouch!
”
cried
Arthur.
“That
really
hurt
!
”
注意:
续写词数应为150左右。
However,
Mom
was
still
reading
and
said
nothing.
_____________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
“Mom?
”
said
Arthur.
“Tomorrow
can
you
show
me
how
to
do
the
washing
so
I
can
wash
my
socks?
”
_________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
However,
Mom
was
still
reading
and
said
nothing.
Arthur
wasn’t
sure
if
she
had
heard
him
or
not
so
he
called
for
help
again,
but
Mom
still
didn’t
come.
Then
Arthur
realized
maybe
it
was
he
that
could
solve
his
problem
at
that
very
moment.
He
quietly
picked
up
the
toy
train
and
put
it
in
the
box.
It
only
took
a
minute
for
him
to
put
the
toy
away,
and
now
he
wouldn’t
have
to
worry
about
hurting
his
feet
again.
“Mom?
”
said
Arthur.
“Tomorrow
can
you
show
me
how
to
do
the
washing
so
I
can
wash
my
socks?
”“Of
course,
”
said
Mom.
“It’s
nice
to
see
you
begin
to
learn
to
take
care
of
yourself.
I
am
always
here
to
do
whatever
I
can
to
help
you
become
a
more
independent
boy.
”
Arthur
felt
better.
He
didn’t
want
to
wait
until
the
next
laundry
day
to
have
clean
socks
again.
Maybe
being
neat
wasn’t
so
hard
after
all.
【加固训练】
(2021·济南模拟)
In
June,
China’s
last
satellite
of
its
BeiDou
Navigation
Satellite
System
(BDS)was
launched
into
orbit,
marking
the
completion
of
the
whole
system.
In
ancient
China,
people
used
the
Big
Dipper,
1.
_______
is
known
in
Chinese
as
beidou
qixing,
to
navigate.
China’s
navigation
satellite
system
2.
_______
(name)after“Beidou”,
which
carries
the
meaning
of
“pointing
out
the
right
direction.
”China
started
constructing
the
BeiDou
Navigation
Satellite
Experimental
System(BDS-1)back
in
1994,
and
now
it
consists
of
55
satellites
and
can
provide
services
worldwide.
?
3.
_______(compare)with
other
satellite
navigation
systems,
the
BDS
operates
more
satellites
in
high
orbit,
and
transmits
navigation
signals
at
more
frequencies.
These
features
enable
better
more
accurate
services.
Apart
4.
_______
navigation,
the
BDS
also
provides
diverse
services,
such
as
short
message
communication,
and
free
international
search
and
rescue
5.
_______(assist).
The
BDS
has
been
applied
in
transportation,
agriculture
and
other
traditional
fields.
?
As
6.
_______
open
system
featuring
shared
benefits,
the
BDS
has
been
seeking
to
serve
a
7.
_______
(wide)range
of
countries
and
international
organizations.
BDS-related
8.
_______
(product),
as
is
reported,
are
now
being
used
in
more
than
120
countries
and
regions.
Projects
based
on
the
BDS
for
precision
farming,
smart
port
construction
and
digital
construction
have
been
carried
out
in
many
countries
across
Asia,
Europe
and
Africa.
China
is
also
9.
_______(active)
communicating
with
Russia
and
European
countries
10.
_______
(improve)the
compatibility
of
the
BDS
so
that
it
can
better
serve
its
global
users.
?
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲了中国北斗卫星导航系统(BDS)的最后一颗卫星发射进入轨道,
正式运行,
作为一个以利益共享为特征的开放系统,
北斗卫星导航系统将致力于服务更多的国家和国际组织。
1.
【解析】which。考查非限制性定语从句。句意:
在中国古代,
人们用北斗七星来导航。空格前的句子以逗号结尾,
且空格所在的句子对前面一句进行补充说明,
则空格所在的句子是一个非限制性定语从句,
从句缺少主语,
先行词是the
Big
Dipper,
指物,
故填关系代词which。
2.
【解析】is
named
。考查被动语态。句意:
中国的卫星导航系统以“北斗”命名,
意为“指明正确的方向”。name
after意为“以……命名”,
此句描述的是一个事实,
且主语China’s
navigation
satellite
system与name之间是被动关系,
故此处用一般现在时的被动语态。故答案为is
named。
3.
【解析】Compared。考查非谓语动词。句意:
与其他卫星导航系统相比,
北斗卫星导航系统在高轨道运行更多的卫星,
并以更多的频率传输导航信号。分析句子结构,
可知空格所在的部分是句子的状语,
非谓语动词的复合结构可以作句子的状语,
BDS与compare是逻辑上的被动关系,
故用过去分词,
此处作比较状语。故答案为Compared。
4.
【解析】from。考查固定短语。句意:
除了导航之外,
该系统还提供各种服务,
如短消息通信和免费的国际搜索和救援援助。apart
from除了。故答案为from。
5.
【解析】assistance。考查名词。句意:
除了导航之外,
该系统还提供各种服务,
如短消息通信和免费的国际搜索和救援援助。由上文的形容词international可知,
空格处要填一个名词。故答案为assistance。
6.
【解析】an。考查冠词。句意:
作为一个以利益共享为特征的开放系统,
北斗卫星导航系统一直在寻求为更多的国家和国际组织服务。open
system是一个名词短语,
且没有提示词,
故空格处填冠词,
open的发音是以元音音素开头的。故答案为an。
7.
【解析】wider。考查形容词的比较级。句意:
作为一个以利益共享为特征的开放系统,
北斗卫星导航系统一直在寻求为更多的国家和国际组织服务。根据下文“are
now
being
used
in
more
than
120
countries
and
regions.
”可知此处指“寻求为更多的国家和国际组织服务”,
故用形容词的比较级。故答案为wider。
8.
【解析】products。考查名词。句意:
据报道,
目前有120多个国家和地区正在使用与北斗卫星导航系统相关的产品。空格前BDS-related为形容词词性,
故空格处填名词,
且表示多种产品,
用名词复数形式。故答案为products。
9.
【解析】actively。考查副词。句意:
中国也在积极与俄罗斯和欧洲国家沟通,
以提高北斗卫星导航系统的兼容性,
使其能够更好地为全球用户服务。空格所在的句子主干成分完整,
此处用副词修饰谓语is
communicating。故答案为actively。
10.
【解析】to
improve。考查非谓语动词。句意:
中国也在积极与俄罗斯和欧洲国家沟通,
以提高北斗卫星导航系统的兼容性,
使其能够更好地为全球用户服务。分析句子结构可知空格处填非谓语动词,
根据句意,
此处表目的,
故用动词不定式作目的状语。故答案为to
improve。(共101张PPT)
Unit
3 Times
change!
主题:
人与世界 子话题:
时代变迁 对应教材:
必修第一册 Unit
4 Friends
forever;
必修第二册 Unit
2 Let’s
celebrate!
;
必修第三册 Unit
2 Making
a
difference,
Unit
3 The
world
of
science,
Unit
6 Disaster
and
hope;
选择性必修第二册 Unit
4 Breaking
boundaries,
Unit
5 A
delicate
world,
Unit
6 Survival
Step
1
诵读经典·渗透文化意识
Ⅰ.
细品味经典文章
(2020·江苏高考)
Sometimes
it’s
hard
to
let
go.
For
many
British
people,
that
can
apply
to
institutions
and
objects
that
represent
their
country’s
past—age-old
castles,
splendid
homes.
.
.
and
red
phone
boxes.
Beaten
first
by
the
march
of
technology
and
lately
by
the
terrible
weather
in
junkyards
(废品场),
the
phone
boxes
representative
of
an
age
are
now
making
something
of
a
comeback.
Adapted
in
imaginative
ways,
many
have
reappeared
on
city
streets
and
village
greens
housing
tiny
cafes,
cellphone
repair
shops
or
even
defibrillator
machines
(除颤器).
The
original
iron
boxes
with
the
round
roofs
first
appeared
in
1926.
They
were
designed
by
Giles
Gilbert
Scott,
the
architect
of
the
Battersea
Power
Station
in
London.
After
becoming
an
important
part
of
many
British
streets,
the
phone
boxes
began
disappearing
in
the
1980s,
with
the
rise
of
the
mobile
phone
sending
most
of
them
away
to
the
junkyards.
About
that
time,
Tony
Inglis’
engineering
and
transport
company
got
the
job
to
remove
phone
boxes
from
the
streets
and
sell
them
out.
But
Inglis
ended
up
buying
hundreds
of
them
himself,
with
the
idea
of
repairing
and
selling
them.
He
said
that
he
had
heard
the
calls
to
preserve
the
boxes
and
had
seen
how
some
of
them
were
listed
as
historic
buildings.
As
Inglis
and,
later
other
businessmen,
got
to
work,
repurposed
phone
boxes
began
reappearing
in
cities
and
villages
as
people
found
new
uses
for
them.
Today,
they
are
once
again
a
familiar
sight,
playing
roles
that
are
often
just
as
important
for
the
community
as
their
original
purpose.
In
rural
areas,
where
ambulances
can
take
a
relatively
long
time
to
arrive,
the
phone
boxes
have
taken
on
a
lifesaving
role.
Local
organizations
can
adopt
them
for
1
pound,
and
install
defibrillators
to
help
in
emergencies.
Others
also
looked
at
the
phone
boxes
and
saw
business
opportunities.
LoveFone,
a
company
that
advocates
repairing
cellphones
rather
than
abandoning
them,
opened
a
mini
workshop
in
a
London
phone
box
in
2016.
The
tiny
shops
made
economic
sense,
according
to
Robert
Kerr,
a
founder
of
LoveFone.
He
said
that
one
of
the
boxes
generated
around
$13,
500
in
revenue
a
month
and
cost
only
about
$400
to
rent.
Inglis
said
phone
boxes
called
to
mind
an
age
when
things
were
built
to
last.
“I
like
what
they
are
to
people,
and
I
enjoy
bringing
things
back,
”
he
said.
Ⅱ.
按要求完成任务
1.
写出文章中与时代变迁有关的单词和短语。
______________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________?
2.
为什么电话亭在20世纪80年代开始退出使用?
____________________________________________________________________
___________?
represent,
age-old
castles,
red
phone
boxes,
representative,
comeback,
reappeared,
original,
appeared,
disappearing,
in
the
1980s,
the
mobile
phone,
remove,
historic
buildings,
repurposed,
new
uses,
a
familiar
sight,
playing
roles,
original
purpose,
bringing
things
back
The
phone
boxes
began
to
go
out
of
service
in
the
1980s
because
they
lost
to
new
technologies.
Step
2
固本强基·锻造语言能力
Ⅰ.
重点词汇
1.
compete
v.
竞争;
比赛
【教材原句】
Traditional
bookstores
can’t
compete
with
large
bookstore
chains.
(P28)
传统书店无法与大型连锁书店竞争。
【词块必记】
【语境速测】
单句语法填空
①Animals
in
the
wild
have
to
compete
___
food.
②I
have
to
compete
_______
19
other
people
for
the
job.
③Life
is
like
a
long
race
where
we
compete
____
others
to
go
beyond
ourselves.
④They
are
in
___________(compete)with
each
other
for
the
prize.
for
against
with
competition
完成句子
⑤We
cannot
hope
______________
so
experienced
a
team.
?
我们没有希望能够与如此经验丰富的队竞争。
⑥Some
2,
000
athletes
___________________.
?
约2
000名运动员参加了20个项目的比赛。
to
compete
with
competed
in
20
events
【构词法】
“v.
+
-ition”变成原词的名词形式,
意义不变,
如:
compete
(竞争)
+
-ition→
competition
(竞争)
2.
adaptation
n.
改编
【教材原句】
The
intention
of
these
adaptations
is
to
make
the
classics
more
accessible
to
young
readers.
(P33)这些改编的目的是让年轻读者更容易理解经典作品。
【词块必记】
同义词:
adjustment
n.
适应;
调整
【熟词生义】
He
made
a
quick
adaptation
to
the
new
environment.
他很快适应了新的环境。
(
)
【构词法】
“v.
+
-ation”变成原词的名词形式,
意义不变,
如:
adapt
(改编;
适应)
+
-ation→
adaptation
(改编;
适应)。
n.
适应
【知识拓展】
adapt
v.
改编
adapt.
.
.
for.
.
.
为……改编……
adapt.
.
.
from.
.
.
根据……改编……
adapt.
.
.
to.
.
.
使……适应……
【语境速测】
单句语法填空
①I
bought
my
son
an
__________
(adapt)
for
children
of
a
play
by
Shakespeare.
②As
time
went
by,
I
gradually
adapted
myself
__
the
school
life.
完成句子
③It’s
hard
to
_________________children.
?
这本小说很难改编成儿童读物。
④This
text
______________a
story
in
Chinese
Literature.
?
这篇课文是根据《中国文学》上登载的一篇故事改编的。
adaptation
to
adapt
this
novel
for
is
adapted
from
⑤He
is
going
to
________________
TV
play.
?
他计划把自己的剧本改编成电视剧。
⑥Three
of
his
novels
___________________
TV
play.
?
他的三部小说已经被改编成了电视剧。
adapt
his
play
for
have
been
adapted
for
【写作金句】
This
book
is
adapted
for
beginners.
这本书是为初学者改编的。
3.
tendency
n.
倾向;
趋势
【教材原句】
As
we
can
see,
emojis
have
a
tendency
to
pop
up
all
over
the
place.
(P33)我们可以看到,
表情符号总是到处出现。
【词块必记】
(1)a
tendency
to
do
sth.
做某事的倾向
the
tendency
to/
towards.
.
.
……的趋势
(2)同义词:
trend
【知识拓展】
tend
v.
趋向;
易于;
照料/管
tend
to
do
sth.
倾向于做某事
tend
to
照料/管;
趋向
【语境速测】
单句语法填空
①There
is
a
growing
________
(tend)
for
people
to
work
at
homes
instead
of
in
offices.
②There
is
a
tendency
_______
regional
cooperation.
tendency
towards
完成句子
③Readers
____________________
that
were
exciting
or
funny.
?
读者往往分享那些令人兴奋或者有趣的文章。
④We
employed
a
girl
to
_________________
for
a
few
hours
each
day.
?
我们雇了一个女孩,
每天照料孩子们几个小时。
tended
to
share
articles
tend
to
the
children
4.
urgently
adv.
紧急地;
急迫地
【教材原句】
And
even
if
we
could
remember
a
number
and
needed
to
call
it
urgently,
it
would
still
be
more
convenient
to
borrow
a
mobile
phone
from
someone
else
than
walk
around
looking
for
a
phone
box.
(P35)
即使我们能记住一个号码,
需要立即拨打,
从别人那里借一部手机,
也比四处找电话亭方便多了。
【词块必记】
同义词:
immediately,
instantly,
at
once,
right
away
【知识拓展】
(1)urge
v.
催促;
强迫
urge
sb.
to
do
sth.
催促某人做某事
(2)urgent
adj.
紧急的;
急迫的
(3)urgency
n.
急切/紧迫(的事)
【语境速测】
单句语法填空
①The
tasks
for
the
present
are
those
________
(urgent)
demanded
by
the
boss.
②We
all
urged
him
_____(go)
ahead
with
his
plan.
?
③They’ve
made
an
______
(urge)
request
for
international
aid.
④This
is
a
matter
of
great
_______
(urgent).
完成句子
⑤The
law
is
_______________reform.
?
这项法律亟待修订。
urgently
to
go
urgent
urgency
in
urgent
need
of
【写作金句】
He
urgently
begged
a
favour
of
me.
他急切地恳求我帮他一个忙。
5.
convincing
adj.
有说服力的,
使人信服的
【教材原句】
What
supporting
arguments
does
the
author
give
to
make
the
point
convincing?
(P35)
作者给出了什么推论来使观点有说服力?
【词块必记】
(1)同义词:
believable
adj.
可相信的
credible
adj.
可信的
(2)反义词:
unconvincing
adj.
不足以令人相信的
【知识拓展】
convince
v.
使确信;
使信服
convince
sb.
of
sth.
使某人相信某事
【语境速测】
单句语法填空
①Such
__________
(convince)
speech
will
at
last
win
the
applause
of
her
heart.
②I
try
to
convince
him
__
the
reality
of
the
danger.
完成句子
③The
lawyer
could
not
produce
any
__________________.
?
律师拿不出任何有说服力的证据。
④He
______________his
sincerity.
他使我相信他的真诚。?
convincing
of
convincing
evidence
convinced
me
of
【写作金句】
I
am
expecting
a
convincing
response
from
you.
我期待贵方能有一个令人满意的答复。
Ⅱ.
核心短语
6.
take
over
接收,
接管
【教材原句】
The
campaign
had
been
led
by
Jennifer
Oakley,
a
saleswoman
who
had
grown
up
in
the
neighborhood
and
who
had
now
taken
over
the
bookstore
from
Casey.
(P27)
这次活动是由珍妮弗·奥克利发起的,
她是一个在附近长大的女销售员,
现在已经从凯西手中接管了书店。
【词块必记】take短语
(1)take
apart
拆开;
拆卸
(2)take
in
吸收;
理解;
欺骗
(3)take
off
脱下(衣服等);
(飞机等)起飞;
(事业等)成功
(4)take
on
承担;
呈现;
开始雇用
(5)take
up
占据(时间,
空间等);
开始做某事
【语境速测】
单句语法填空
①She
took
____
his
work
after
his
departure.
②Take
the
watch
_____
and
see
if
you
can
find
out
what’s
wrong
with
it.
③Taking
___
his
coat,
he
jumped
into
the
river
to
save
the
drowning
child.
④It
can
take
___
the
whole
afternoon
to
prepare
a
meal.
⑤The
club
took
__
a
new
member
last
week.
⑥He
is
unwilling
to
take
___
heavy
responsibilities.
over
apart
off
up
in
on
完成句子
⑦A
helicopter
_______________and
land
straight
up
and
down.
?
直升机可以直起直降。
is
able
to
take
off
【写作金句】
I
was
assigned
to
take
over
your
position.
我被指派接任你的位置。
Ⅲ.
经典句式
7.
It
made
me
realize
that
the
bookstore
and
all
that
Old
Casey
had
given
to
the
community
could
soon
disappear
for
good.
?
这让我意识到书店和老凯西给社区的一切,
很快就会永远消失。
【典型例句】
Have
you
everything
(that)
you
need?
你需要的东西都有了吗?
【句型公式】
定语从句中只用that的五种情况
(1)当先行词是much,
little,
none,
all,
few,
every(thing),
any(thing),
no(thing)
等或被它们修饰时;
(2)当先行词有形容词最高级或序数词(包括last,
next等)等修饰时;
(3)当先行词有the
very,
the
only,
the
same
等修饰时;
(4)当先行词是一个既指人又指物的并列词组时;
(5)当主句是以who,
which开头的特殊疑问句或先行词是who,
which要避免重复时。
【口诀巧记】
先行不定代,
the
very/
only/
first,
有高、序,
some,
all,
much,
few;
指物人,
有了which/
who。
【语境速测】
单句语法填空
①You’ve
got
something
____
is
potentially
going
to
save
somebody’s
life.
②This
trend
has
had
some
side
effects
such
as
overweight
and
heart
disease—the
very
thing
____
the
medical
community
was
trying
to
fight.
that
that
完成句子
③This
is
the
best
dictionary
__________________.
?
这是我用过的最好的词典。
④I
made
a
speech
on
the
men
and
things
_____________________.
?
我就我在国外所见到的人和事发表演讲。
⑤Which
is
the
course
________________?
?
我们选哪门课程?
(that)
I’ve
ever
used
(that)
I
had
seen
abroad
that
we
are
to
take
【写作金句】
The
first
thing
(that)
you
should
do
is
to
work
out
a
plan.
你应该做的第一件事是订个计划。
【备选要点】
1.
reconstruction
n.
重建;
修复
【教材原句】
Walking
home
a
few
days
ago,
I
saw
that
people
were
doing
reconstruction
work
on
the
old
market.
(P29)
几天前回家的路上,
我看到有人在旧市场做重建工作。
【词块必记】
同义词:
reestablishment
n.
重建;
恢复
【知识拓展】
(1)construct
v.
建造;
构筑
(2)construction
n.
建造;
构筑
under
construction
在建造中
【语境速测】
单句语法填空
①After
a
few
years
of
active
_____________
(construction),
many
famous
cities
rose
from
the
ashes
of
war.
②The
cold
weather
slowed
down
the
___________
(construct)
of
the
bridge.
③______construction.
reconstruction
construction
under
完成句子
④This
factory
_________________our
company.
?
这家工厂是由我们公司建设的。
was
constructed
by
2.
facial
adj.
脸上的,
面部的
【教材原句】
With
a
smiling
or
sad
face
added
to
a
message
or
post,
your
reader
can
“see”
your
facial
expression
while
reading
your
words.
(P33)
通过在信息或帖子中添加一个微笑或悲伤的表情,
你的读者可以在阅读你的文字时“看到”你的面部表情。
【词块必记】
facial
expression面部表情
【知识拓展】
face
n.
脸
v.
面对,
面/朝向
(1)face
to
face
面对面
make
a
face/
make
faces做鬼脸
pull/
wear
a
long
face
拉长脸(不高兴的样子)
(2)be
faced
with
面对
【语境速测】
单句语法填空
①Each
warrior
has
different
_____
(face)
expression
and
manner.
②They
are
standing
there,
face
__
face.
③We
were
faced
____
two
alternatives.
完成句子
④The
teacher
told
him
not
to
__________in
class.
?
老师告诉他不要在课堂上做鬼脸。
⑤The
children
_____________________.
?
孩子们一个个都愁眉苦脸的。
facial
to
with
make
faces
pulled/
wore
a
long
face
【写作金句】
When
the
name
was
mentioned,
her
facial
expression
which
I
could
not
read.
当提到那个名字时,
她的脸上露出我无法解读的表情。
3.
Now
there
are
more
than
3,
000
emojis
that
expand
upon
the
way
in
which
we
communicate.
?
现在有超过3
000个表情符号,
扩展了我们交流的方式。
【典型例句】
When
she
hung
up,
she
regretted
the
way
(that/
in
which)
she
had
handled
the
call.
当她挂断电话时,
她后悔自己处理电话的方式。
【句型公式】
way作先行词的定语从句
(1)way表示“方式、方法”在句中作先行词,
后被一个定语从句修饰,
并在从句中作方式状语时,
引导定语从句可用that,
也可用in
which,
或什么都不用。
(2)way作“方式,
方法”在句中作先行词时,
如果是在定语从句中作主语或宾语
与其他名词作先行词用法一样。
【知识拓展】
way作“方式,
方法”解时,
其后还可接of
doing
sth.
或to
do
sth.
作定语。
【语境速测】
单句语法填空
①This
is
the
way
__________helps
me
a
lot.
?
②This
is
the
way
(__________)
told
me.
?
③There
are
lots
of
ways
_______(raise)
awareness
for
a
cause.
?
that/
which
that/
which
to
raise
完成句子
④I
don’t
like
the
way
_____________________________.
?
我不喜欢他对待老人的方式。
⑤Is
there
a
way
____________________?
?
有办法找出真相吗?
(that/
in
which)
he
treated
the
old
of
finding
out
the
truth
【写作金句】
This
is
the
way
that/in
which
he
studies
English.
这就是他学习英语的方式。
Step
3
强化检测·提升学习能力
Ⅰ.
单句语法填空
1.
(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)
Museums
must
compete
___
people’s
spare
time
and
money
with
other
amusements.
2.
(2020·浙江高考)When
I’m
face
__
face
with
a
polar
bear,
I
like
it
to
be
through
a
camera
with
a
telephoto
lens.
3.
(2020?江苏高考)________
(adapt)
in
imaginative
ways,
many
have
reappeared
on
city
streets
and
village
greens
housing
tiny
cafes,
cellphone
repair
shops
or
even
defibrillator
machines.
for
to
Adapted
4.
(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)While
I
tend
______(buy)
a
lot
of
books,
these
three
were
given
to
me
as
gifts,
which
might
add
to
the
meaning
I
attach
to
them.
?
5.
(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)He
says
it’s
not
easy
__________(convince)
people
that
nutria
fur
is
green,
but
he
has
no
doubt
about
it.
?
to
buy
to
convince
Ⅱ.
完成句子
1.
_______________,
they
all
jumped
with
joy.
?
听到这个消息,
他们都高兴得跳了起来。
2.
I
remember
the
whole
thing
_______________________________.
?
我记得整个事情,
就好像它是发生在昨天一样。
3.
Is
there
anything
__________________?
?
有什么我可以帮你的吗?
Hearing
the
news
as
if
/
though
it
happened
yesterday
that
I
can
do
for
you
4.
She
told
me
she
won
the
match,
_____________.
?
她告诉我她赢了比赛,
那是个谎言。
5.
I
don’t
like
the
way
______________________________.
?
我不喜欢你跟我说话的方式。
which
was
a
lie
(in
which)/(that)/(/)
you
talk
to
me
Ⅲ.
语法填空
Why
does
autumn
have
two
names?
According
to
Merriam-Webster,
“autumn”
appeared
first
in
English
in
the
1300s,
coming
from
the
Latin
word
“autumnus”.
“Autumn”
caught
on
quickly,
likely
because
it
replaced
the
1.
_______
(origin)
name—“harvest”.
As
you
might
imagine,
when
crops
were
collected
from
the
fields,
calling
the
season
“harvest”
might
make
people
2.
_______
(confuse)
because
“harvest”
is
also
the
name
for
the
act
3.
(it).
?
So
“autumn”
appeared
instead
of
“harvest”.
Then
the
term,
“autumn”,
4.
_______
was
referred
to
the
season
between
summer
and
winter,
lasted
for
a
couple
of
5.
(century).
“Fall”
as
a
name
for
the
season
came
about
sometime
in
the
1500s,
a
shortened
version
of
the
very
poetic
phrase
for
“the
fall
of
leaves”.
The
English
phrase
had
true
meaning
of
the
season
without
leading
6.
any
confusion.
Not
even
a
century
later,
the
phrase
became
a
simple
word:
fall.
?
Around
this
same
time,
the
English
language
was
traveling
across
the
globe
as
Britain
expanded,
and
it
was
7.
(go)
through
some
changes,
as
many
languages
did.
This
was
8.
_______
(particular)
true
in
the
American
colonies
(殖民地).
Some
English
words
changed
in
the
US,
whether
in
terms
of
spelling
9.
in
terms
of
general
usage.
In
the
mid-1800s,
British
and
American
English
speakers
further
developed
in
different
ways
and
“fall”
was
the
common
word
for
“autumn”
in
the
US,
while
autumn
10.
_______
(regard)
as
the
word
for
fall
in
England.
?
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。英文中“秋天”有两个名字。文章介绍了这两个名字的由来。
1.
【解析】original。考查词性转换。句意:
“Autumn”很快流行起来,
可能是因为它取代了原来的名字——“harvest”。根据空后的名词“name”,
此处应该填入形容词original“最初的”作定语。故填original。
2.
【解析】confused。考查形容词。句意:
你可以想象,
当庄稼从地里收割时,
把这个季节叫做“收获”可能会让人们感到困惑,
因为“收获”也是这个行为本身的名字。形容词confused在此句中修饰人,
意为“感到迷惑的”。故填confused。
3.
【解析】itself。考查代词。句意:
你可以想象,
当庄稼从地里收割时,
把这个季节叫做“收获”可能会让人们感到困惑,
因为“收获”也是这个行为本身的名字。反身代词itself在此处作“the
act”的同位语。故填itself。
4.
【解析】which。考查定语从句。此处“autumn”作先行词,
指物,
关系代词which在此处引导非限制性定语从句,
且在从句中作主语,
that不能引导非限制性定语从句。故填which。
5.
【解析】centuries。考查名词复数。根据空前的a
couple
of“几个”,
修饰可数名词复数,
故填centuries。
6.
【解析】to。考查介词。句意:
这个英语短语有这个季节的真正含义,
没有引起任何混乱。lead
to是固定短语,
意为“导致”。故填to。
7.
【解析】going。考查非谓语动词。句意:
大约在同一时期,
随着英国的扩张,
英语也在全球范围内传播,
和许多语言一样,
英语也经历了一些变化。根据语境可知,
此句应该用过去进行时,
故填入现在分词going。
8.
【解析】particularly。考查副词。副词particularly在此处修饰形容词“true”。particularly
true意为“特别真实”。故填particularly。
9.
【解析】or。考查让步状语从句。句意:
无论是在拼写方面,
还是在一般用法方面。“whether.
.
.
or.
.
.
”意为“无论……还是……”,
引导让步状语从句。故填or。
10.
【解析】was
regarded。考查一般过去时的被动语态。根据上文中的时态,
再结合autumn和regard是动宾关系可知,
此处应该用一般过去时的被动语态,
且主语是autumn,
故填was
regarded。
直击高考·培养思维品质
核心素养 培养学生理解时代的变迁和由此引发的人们的感想,
学会享受时代变迁带来的生活变化
高考链接 2020·全国Ⅰ卷阅读理解B;
2020·全国Ⅲ卷阅读理解D;
2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷完形填空;
2020·浙江高考阅读理解B;
2020·浙江高考语法填空;
2020·江苏高考阅读理解B;
2019·全国Ⅲ卷阅读理解C;
2020·浙江高考阅读理解C
Ⅰ.
话题与阅读理解
(2020·全国Ⅲ卷阅读理解D)
We
are
the
products
of
evolution,
and
not
just
evolution
that
occurred
billions
of
years
ago.
As
scientists
look
deeper
into
our
genes
(基因),
they
are
finding
examples
of
human
evolution
in
just
the
past
few
thousand
years.
People
in
Ethiopian
highlands
have
adapted
to
living
at
high
altitudes.
Cattle-raising
people
in
East
Africa
and
northern
Europe
have
gained
a
mutation
(突变)
that
helps
them
digest
milk
as
adults.
On
Thursday
in
an
article
published
in
Cell,
a
team
of
researchers
reported
a
new
kind
of
adaptation—not
to
air
or
to
food,
but
to
the
ocean.
A
group
of
sea-dwelling
people
in
Southeast
Asia
have
evolved
into
better
divers.
The
Bajau,
as
these
people
are
known,
number
in
the
hundreds
of
thousands
in
Indonesia,
Malaysia
and
the
Philippines.
They
have
traditionally
lived
on
houseboats;
in
recent
times,
they’ve
also
built
houses
on
stilts
(支柱)
in
coastal
waters.
“They
are
simply
a
stranger
to
the
land,
”
said
Redney
C.
Jubilado,
a
University
of
Hawaii
researcher
who
studies
the
Bajau.
Dr.
Jubilado
first
met
the
Bajau
while
growing
up
on
Samal
Island
in
the
Philippines.
They
made
a
living
as
divers,
spearfishing
or
harvesting
shellfish.
“We
were
so
amazed
that
they
could
stay
underwater
much
longer
than
us
local
islanders,
”
Dr.
Jubilado
said.
“I
could
see
them
actually
walking
under
the
sea.
”
In
2015,
Melissa
Ilardo,
then
a
graduate
student
in
genetics
at
the
University
of
Copenhagen,
heard
about
the
Bajau.
She
wondered
if
centuries
of
diving
could
have
led
to
the
evolution
of
physical
characteristics
that
made
the
task
easier
for
them.
“It
seemed
like
the
perfect
chance
for
natural
selection
to
act
on
a
population,
”
said
Dr.
Ilardo.
She
also
said
there
were
likely
a
number
of
other
genes
that
help
the
Bajau
dive.
【文章大意】该篇文章介绍了研究人员发现为适应海洋生活而进化成更好的潜水者的巴瑶人以及他们的生活方式等。
1.
What
does
the
author
want
to
tell
us
by
the
examples
in
Paragraph
1?
A.
Environmental
adaptation
of
cattle
raisers.
B.
New
knowledge
of
human
evolution.
C.
Recent
findings
of
human
origin.
D.
Significance
of
food
selection.
【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据第一段As
scientists
look
deeper
into
our
genes,
they
are
finding
examples
of
human
evolution
in
just
the
past
few
thousand
years.
可知,
下面的例子都是为了进一步说明研究者在深入地研究我们的基因,
发现了过去几千年人类进化的现象。故选B。
2.
Where
do
the
Bajau
build
their
houses?
A.
In
valleys.
B.
Near
rivers.
C.
On
the
beach.
D.
Off
the
coast.
【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第二段中They
have
traditionally
lived
on
houseboats;
in
recent
times,
they’ve
also
built
houses
on
stilts
in
coastal
waters.
可知,
他们把房子建在沿海水域的支柱上。故选D。
3.
Why
was
the
young
Jubilado
astonished
at
the
Bajau?
A.
They
could
walk
on
stilts
all
day.
B.
They
had
a
superb
way
of
fishing.
C.
They
could
stay
long
underwater.
D.
They
lived
on
both
land
and
water.
【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第三段中We
were
so
amazed
that
they
could
stay
underwater
much
longer
than
us
local
islanders可知,
他惊奇的原因是巴瑶人能在水下待很长的时间,
甚至比当地人待得时间还要久。amazed与astonished同义,
意为“惊奇的”。故选C。
4.
What
can
be
a
suitable
title
for
the
text?
A.
Bodies
Remodeled
for
a
Life
at
Sea
B.
Highlanders’
Survival
Skills
C.
Basic
Methods
of
Genetic
Research
D.
The
World’s
Best
Divers
【解析】选A。主旨大意题。根据文章第二段On
Thursday
in
an
article
published
in
Cell,
a
team
of
researchers
reported
a
new
kind
of
adaptation—not
to
air
or
to
food,
but
to
the
ocean.
A
group
of
sea-dwelling
people
in
Southeast
Asia
have
evolved
into
better
divers.
可知,
巴瑶人为适应海洋生活而进化成更好的潜水者,
故本文主要介绍了适应海洋生活的身体。
【语用提能】
话题词汇
evolution,
adaptation,
traditionally,
in
recent
times,
natural
selection
短语句式
look
into,
adapt
to,
an
article
published
in
Cell,
grow
up,
make
a
living,
so.
.
.
that.
.
.
,
see
sb.
doing
sth.
,
lead
to,
a
number
of
熟词新义
harvest
v.
捕获 act
v.
表现
number
v.
总计
【微技能点拨】 阅读理解推理判断题的解题技巧
推理判断题属于高层次阅读理解题。这种题型包括判断题和推理题。这两类题常常相互依存,
推理是为了得出正确的判断,
正确的判断又依赖于合乎逻辑的推理。做好该题型要从整体上把握语篇内容,
在语篇的表面意义与隐含意义、已知信息与未知信息间架起桥梁,
透过字里行间,
去体会作者的“弦外之音”。推理判断题常常可以分为如下几类:
(1)细节推断。如时间、地点、人物关系等;
(2)逻辑推断。根据已知的结果推断导致结果产生的可能原因;
(3)目的、意图、态度推断。根据文章的论述,
推断作者的写作目的以及作者的情感态度;
(4)预测想象推断。文章没有明确说明,
要求根据语篇对文章可能涉及的内容进行预测判断。
本文中第1题为推理判断题,
根据策略解题如下:
Step
1 梳理本段内容:
第一段的We
are
the
products.
.
.
in
just
the
past
few
thousand
years.
意为“我们是进化的产物,
而且不仅仅是数十亿年前的产物。当科学家更深入地研究我们的基因时,
他们发现了人类在过去几千年进化的例子”。
Step
2 寻找关键信息:
作者列举第一段的例子是为了告诉我们关于人类进化的
一个新信息,
那就是人类在最近几千年也在进化。
Step
3 比较选项找最佳:
B.
New
knowledge
of
human
evolution.
(人类进化的新
知识)
符合题干说法,
故选__项。
B
【微阅读填句】(2020·全国Ⅲ卷阅读理解D改编)
We
are
the
products
of
evolution,
and
not
just
evolution
that
occurred
billions
of
years
ago.
1
People
in
Ethiopian
highlands
have
adapted
to
living
at
high
altitudes.
2 ?
On
Thursday
in
an
article
published
in
Cell,
a
team
of
researchers
reported
a
new
kind
of
adaptation—not
to
air
or
to
food,
but
to
the
ocean.
3
They
have
traditionally
lived
on
houseboats;
in
recent
times,
they’ve
also
built
houses
on
stilts
(支柱)
in
coastal
waters.
“They
are
simply
a
stranger
to
the
land,
”
said
Redney
C.
Jubilado,
a
University
of
Hawaii
researcher
who
studies
the
Bajau.
?
4
“We
were
so
amazed
that
they
could
stay
underwater
much
longer
than
us
local
islanders,
”
Dr.
Jubilado
said.
“I
could
see
them
actually
walking
under
the
sea.
”?
In
2015,
Melissa
Ilardo,
then
a
graduate
student
in
genetics
at
the
University
of
Copenhagen,
heard
about
the
Bajau.
She
wondered
if
centuries
of
diving
could
have
led
to
the
evolution
of
physical
characteristics
that
made
the
task
easier
for
them.
“It
seemed
like
the
perfect
chance
for
natural
selection
to
act
on
a
population,
”
said
Dr.
Ilardo.
5 ?
A.
They
made
a
living
as
divers,
spearfishing
or
harvesting
shellfish.
B.
She
also
said
there
were
likely
a
number
of
other
genes
that
help
the
Bajau
dive.
C.
A
group
of
sea-dwelling
people
in
Southeast
Asia
have
evolved
into
better
divers.
D.
Dr.
Jubilado
first
met
the
Bajau
while
growing
up
on
Samal
Island
in
the
Philippines.
E.
The
Bajau,
as
these
people
are
known,
number
in
the
hundreds
of
thousands
in
Indonesia,
Malaysia
and
the
Philippines.
F.
Cattle-raising
people
in
East
Africa
and
northern
Europe
have
gained
a
mutation
(突变)
that
helps
them
digest
milk
as
adults.
G.
As
scientists
look
deeper
into
our
genes
(基因),
they
are
finding
examples
of
human
evolution
in
just
the
past
few
thousand
years.
答案:
1～5.
GFCAB
Ⅱ.
话题与写作
(2020·天津高考改编)
假设你是晨光中学高三学生李津。你校于6月8日举办了成人礼活动,
你的英国朋友Chris很想了解该活动。你于当晚给Chris回一封电子邮件,
介绍相关情况,
内容包括:
(1)成人礼活动内容(成长点滴回顾、观看校友抗疫事迹录像等);
(2)对活动的感受;
(3)对自己未来的展望。
注意:
(1)词数80左右;
(2)可适当加入细节,
使内容充实、行文连贯;
(3)开头已给出,
不计入总词数。
参考词汇:
成人礼
the
coming-of-age
ceremony
新冠肺炎
COVID-19
Dear
Chris,
I’m
so
glad
to
hear
from
you.
_____________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li
Jin
Step
1 写作技巧
①句式多变
(分词作状语)
During
the
coming-of-age
ceremony,
the
headmaster
congratulated
us
on
stepping
into
the
adult
and
he
reviewed
the
growth
period
that
we
had
experienced.
→During
the
coming-of-age
ceremony,
the
headmaster
congratulated
us
on
stepping
into
the
adult,
_________________________that
we
had
experienced.
?
reviewing
the
growth
period
②修辞多元(状语从句的省略)
When
I
am
faced
with
the
difficulties
and
failures,
I
must
overcome
them.
→______________________________________,
I
must
overcome
them.
?
③思维品质(词类的活用)
Through
the
activity,
what
I
felt
is
that
we
are
able
to
take
the
responsibilities
and
make
us
stronger
and
more
determined.
→Through
the
activity,
what
I
felt
is
that
we
are
able
to
___________
_____________
and
make
us
stronger
and
more
determined.
?
When
faced
with
the
difficulties
and
failures
shoulder
the
responsibilities
Step
2 妙笔成篇
Dear
Chris,
I’m
so
glad
to
hear
from
you.
The
coming-of-age
ceremony
was
held
in
our
school
on
June
8th
this
month.
During
the
coming-of-age
ceremony,
the
headmaster
congratulated
us
on
stepping
into
the
adult,
reviewing
the
growth
period
that
we
had
experienced.
After
that,
we
all
watched
the
video
of
alumnus
fighting
against
the
epidemic.
Through
the
activity,
what
I
felt
is
that
we
are
able
to
shoulder
the
responsibilities
and
make
us
stronger
and
more
determined.
When
faced
with
the
difficulties
and
failures,
I
must
overcome
them.
In
the
future,
I
will
be
a
useful
person
for
the
society.
Yours,
Li
Jin
【加固训练】
阅读填句
(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)
Emoji(表情符号)
and
Workplace
Communication
In
Asia,
messaging
platforms
are
growing
rapidly,
with
users
in
the
hundreds
of
millions,
both
at
work
and
play.
1 .
It’s
been
reported
that
76
percent
of
employees
in
some
western
countries
are
using
emojis
at
work.
?
Written
communications
can
often
read
as
cold
and
dull.
Using
emojis
can
add
humor
and
feeling,
keeping
intention
clear.
2 ,
encouraging
better
and
more
frequent
communication.
?
In
any
given
office,
employees
can
range
from
age
22
to
70
and
beyond,
and
finding
common
ground
in
communication
style
can
be
a
challenge.
3 .
While
the
younger
generations
prefer
to
communicate
visually,
for
those
used
to
working
with
traditional
tools
like
email,
it
may
feel
like
a
learning
curve(曲线).
The
good
news
is
that
it’s
simple
to
learn
and
can
be
worth
the
effort.
?
There
is
also
the
matter
of
tone(语气).
Who
hasn’t
received
an
email
so
annoying
that
it
ruined
an
entire
day?
4 .
Emoji
can
help
communication
feel
friendlier,
and
even
a
serious
note
can
be
softened
with
an
encouraging
smile.
?
5 ,
and
emoji
can
contribute
directly
to
that
positive
outcome.
And
when
your
employees
begin
adding
smiling
emojis
to
their
business
communication,
you’ll
know
you
have
succeeded
in
improving
your
work
culture.
?
A.
Messages
with
emojis
feel
more
conversational
B.
Even
a
formal
email
can
seem
cold
and
unfriendly
C.
Sending
smiling
faces
to
colleagues
may
seem
strange
D.
The
popularity
of
these
platforms
is
spreading
globally
E.
Giving
employees
the
tools
enables
them
to
communicate
honestly
F.
Studies
show
that
friendlier
communication
leads
to
a
happier
workplace
G.
An
easy
way
to
bring
all
work
generations
together
is
with
a
chat
platform
【文章大意】表情符号越来越流行,
它们在工作场所的交流中也起到重要作用。
1.
【解析】选D。考查段中句。空前面一句提到,
在亚洲,
信息平台正快速发展,
拥有用户数亿,
他们有的在工作有的在玩。空后面一句提到,
据报道在一些西方国家76%的员工在工作时使用表情符号。由此可知,
填空处承上启下,
表示“这些平台正在全球流行”。故选D。
2.
【解析】选A。考查段中句。空前面一句提到,
使用表情符号能增加幽默和感情,
使意图明显。空后面提到鼓励更好更频繁的交流,
所以填空处表示“使用表情符号的信息感觉是更加健谈的”。故选A。
3.
【解析】选G。考查段中句。空前面一句提到,
在任何一个办公室,
员工年龄从22岁到70岁不等,
在交流方式方面找到共同点是很难的。填空处顺承上句,
表示“使工作中的各代人聚在一起的简单的方法就是用一个聊天平台”。故选G。
4.
【解析】选B。考查段中句。空前面提到,
还有一个语气的问题。谁没有收到过令人恼怒以至于一天都郁闷的电子邮件呢?
填空处顺承前面的内容,
表示“甚至一封正式的电子邮件也会看起来冷漠、不友好”。由此可知选B。
5.
【解析】选F。考查段首句。空后面提到,
当你的员工开始在商业交流中增加笑脸表情符号时,
你要知道你已经成功地提升了你们的工作文化。段首句是对后面内容的总结,
所以表示“研究表明更加友好的交流会带来更加快乐的工作场所”。故选F。
