2020-2021学年牛津译林版初中英语七年级下册Unit 1 Dream Homes语法------数词讲解+练习(含答案)

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名称 2020-2021学年牛津译林版初中英语七年级下册Unit 1 Dream Homes语法------数词讲解+练习(含答案)
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更新时间 2021-04-17 15:57:36

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学员编号:

级:七年级


数:
3
学员姓名:
辅导科目:
英语
学科教师:
授课类型
T
知识梳理
C
典例练习
T
方法总结
授课日期及时段
2020




00:00——00:00
1.了解基数词与序数词定义。
2.学会用基数词表示数量的多少,数字的表示
3.学会用序数词表示日期,楼层,位置
4.掌握基数词序数词区别与用法。
师:你看下咱们这一竖排有几间教室呢?
生:4间教室。
师:
咱们现在在第几个教室上课呢?
生:第四间教室。
师:
总共有四间教室,而我们在第四间教室上课?这两个“四”意思是一样的吗?
生:不一样,前一个表示数量,后一个表示顺序。
师:很好,我们今天就来学习这一类词,叫做基数词与序数词。
一.表示数量或数目多少的数词叫做基数词,可以在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语。
A、基数词的构成
(1)0-12独立成词,一个一个单独记。
zero
one
two
three
four
five
six
seven
eight
nine
ten
eleven
twelve
(2)13—19teen来结尾,13.15和18,需要特殊记。
thirteen
fourteen
fifteen
sixteen
seventeen
eighteen
nineteen
(3)几十以后+ty。特别注意20,30,40,50,80.的变化。
twenty
thirty
forty
fifty
sixty
seventy
eighty
ninety
(4)几十几的情况,先说“几十”,再说“几”,中间加连字符。
twenty-one(21)
thirty-two(32)
forty-three(43)
fifty-four(54)
sixty-five(65)
(5)几百几十几的情况,先说‘几百’注意“百”不能加s,百位数与十位数中间用and连接。
one
hundred
and
twenty-one(121)
four
hundred
and
fifty-six(456)
(6)1,000以上,先从右往左数,每三位数加“,”,第一个“,”前为thousand,第二个“,”,前为million,然后一节一节的表示。
five
million
one
hundred
and
twenty-three
thousand
four
hundred
and
fifty-six(5,123,456)
注意:英语中没有“万”和“亿”这两个单位,只有“百万(million)”和“十亿(billion)”;因此“一万”是用10个千,也就是“ten
thousand”来表示的,“一亿”是用“one
hundred
million”来表示的。
B、基数词的记忆口诀
基数词,不难记,找出规律很容易:
零至十二形各异,一个一个单独记。
后加-teen为“十几”,thirteen,fifteen看仔细,eighteen只有一个t。
表示“几十”要加-ty,twenty,thirty是特例;
forty,fifty更厉害,和eighty一起搞例外。
表示数字“几十几”,连字符号要切记。
要表“几百几”,and
常把百、十系;
还有一点需注意,“几百”后别把-s立。
基数词的主要用法
(1)与可数名词连用,表示数量、重量、距离、价格等。
He
has
four
dogs.他有四只小狗。
The
school
is
three
kilometers
from
my
home.学校离我家三千米远。
These
oranges
are
3
dollars.这些橙子共3美元。
(2)表示年份
1758年
读作:seventeen
fifty-eight
(3)表示年龄
The
girl
is
fourteen.这女孩14岁。
注意:ten--year--old
girl
10岁的女孩
,基数词-year-old作形容词,修饰名词
(4)表示加减法,用基数词Five
plus
ten
is
fifteen.5加10等于15。
基数词可以用来表示时间。
例如:7:30
seven
thirty
/
half
past
seven
6:45
six
forty-five
/
a
quarter
to
seven
8:00
eight
o’clock
(6)基数词可以用来表示事物的编号。
例如:第209房间→
Room
209
第三部分→
Section
3/Part
3
南京路308号→
308
Nanjing
Road
电话号码3698688→
TEL
3698688
(7)two
hundred
students基数词+百/千/百万+可数名词复数
hundreds
of
students
百/千/百万+s+of+可数名词复数
(8)翻到多少页是page+基数词
二、表示事物顺序的数词叫做序数词,作用相当于名词或形容词,可作主语、宾语、定语和表语。
A、序数词的构成
一般在基数词后加th
four→fourth,thirteen→thirteenth
不规则变化
one→first,two→second,three→third,five→fifth,eight→eighth,
nine→ninth,twelve——twelfih
以y结尾的十位整数,变y为ie再加th
twenty→twentieth,
forty→fortieth,
ninety→ninetieth
从二十一后的“几十几”直至“几百几十几”或“几千几百几十几”只将个位的基数词变为
序数词。
twenty-first,two
hundred
and
forty-fifth
注意:一般来说,序数词前要有定冠词the,也可以是形容词性物主代词my,
your等。
B、基数词变序数词的口诀
基变序,有规律,词尾加上th
一、二、三特殊记,结尾字母t,d,d(first
second
third)
八去t九去e(eighth
ninth),ve要用f替(fifth
twelfth)
ty将y改成i,th前面有个e,若要碰到几十几,前用基来后用序。
C、序数词的缩写
first-1st
fourth-4th
seventh-7th
tenth-10th
second-2nd
fifth-5th
eighth-8th
twenty-first-21st
third-3rd
sixth-6th
ninth-9th
seventieth-70th
总结:其中1st,2nd,3rd为特殊形式,其他的都是阿拉伯数字后加上th。
序数词的用法
(1)序数词的前面一般要用定冠词the表示第几的意思。
You
are
the
second
one
to
know
the
way.
你是第二个知道方法的人。
(2)表示日期
The
summer
holiday
starts
from
the
first
of
July.暑假从七月一日开始。
(3)序数词在名词的前面经常作定语修饰名词,但是当名词的前面已经有了物主代词的时,序数词的前面不再用定冠词the。
   
例如:This
is
my
third
question.
这是我的第三个问题。
(4)表示分数的时候,分子用基数词,分母用序数词,当分子大于1的时候,分母用复数形式。例如:2/5
two
fifths
(5)表示楼层
I
live
on
the
eleventh
floor.我住在12层。
注意:在英式英语中。建筑的楼层与街相齐的是一楼。
注意:表日期、楼层的时候,序数词前面要加上定冠词the
(6)表示顺序
Sandy
always
comes
first
in
her
class.桑迪总是她们班第一个到的。
This
is
my
first
computer。这是我的第一台电脑。
(7)表示编号的时候,经常把基数词放在名词的前面表示顺序,相当于the+序数词+名词,也可以用“名词+基数词”。例如:Lesson
Five=the
fifth
lesson
第五课。
例1

)1.
There
are____
people
in
Tom's
family.They
live
on
the____
floor.
A.five;nineth
B.fifth;nine
C.five;ninth
D.fifth;ninth
答案:C
基数词与可数名词连用表示数量,序数词表示楼层前面要加上定冠词the,nine变为序数词要去e+th
?例2
1.
That__________
girl
looks
quite
tall.(

A.
five
years
old
B.
five-year
old
C.
five-years-old
D.
five-year-old
答案:D
基数词-year-old
做形容词,表示几岁的,做形容词修饰名词
例3
1.
__________visitors
come
to
Wuxi
every
year
because
it’s
a
good
place
to
visit.(

A.
Millions
of
B.Million
of
C.Two
millions
of
D.Two
millions
2.
We
plant
trees
in
our
hometown
in
spring
every
year.(D)
A.
Five
thousands
of
B.
thousand
of
C.
five
thousand
of
D.five
thousand
答案:
A
Hundreds/thousands/millions
of
students
百/千/百万+s+of+可数名词复数
two
hundred
students基数词+百/千/万+可数名词复数
例4
1.
Let’s
turn
to
page___and
look
at
the
__artice.(

A.Twenty;
two
B.Twenty;
second
C.Twentieth;
second
D.Twentieth;
two
答案:A
翻到多少页是page+基数词
一.写出下列基数词和序数词
基数词
序数词
基数词
序数词
1
2
3
4
5
9
11
12
13
14
15
19
20
21
99
100
二.
用所给词的适当形式填空。
1.
Today
we
will
learn
the
___________
(twelve)
lesson.
2.
I
sit
in
the
_________
(two)
row
in
the
class.
3.
It’s
August
____________
(twenty-one)
today.
4.
We
have
____________
(45)
sheep
on
the
farm.
5.
I
think
the
__________
(eight)
lesson
is
difficult.
【答案】1.
twelfth
2.
second
3.
the
twenty-first
4.
forty-five
5.
eighth
三.用英语写出适当的数词或数词词组。
1.There
are
________
days
in
a
week.
2.
There
are
usually
__________or
_________days
in
one
month
except
________,
and
there
are
usually
__________or
_________
days
in
one
year
3.
New
Year’s
Day
is
the
_________
day
of
each
year.
4.
Thursday
is
the
_________
day
of
week.
5.
__________
is
our
National
Day.
6.
The
________
month
of
the
year
is
February.
7.
There
are
__________
seconds
in
minute.
8.
December
____________
is
Christmas
in
America.
9.
2/3
and
1/4
is
_______________.
10.
August
is
the
_________
month
of
a
year.
【答案】1.
seven
2.
thirty,
thirty-one,
February,
three
hundred
and
sixty-five,
three
hundred
and
sixty-six
3.
first
4.
fifth
5.
October1st
6.
second
7.
sixty
8.
the
twenty-fifth
9.
eleven
twelfths
10.
eighth
一.基数词的构成
表示数目多少的数词称为基数词。它们构成的方式如下:
1.
1—12为独立的单词,
有其各自的形式。如:
2.
13—19都以-teen结尾,
它们都有两个重读音节。如:
3.
20—90之间的“整十”都以-ty结尾。如:
4.
表示20—99之间的“几十几”时,
先说“几十”,
再说“几”,
且几十和个位之间要加连字符。
如:22
twenty-two
36
thirty-six
5.
101—999:先说“几百”,
再加and,
再加末两位数(或末位数),
如:786
seven
hundred
and
eighty-six
6.
1,
000以上的数,
先从后往前数,
每三位加一个“,
”,
第一个“,
”前为thousand,
第二个“,
”前为million,
第三个“,
”前为billion,
然后再一节一节表示,
如:208,
068,
009,
786-two
hundred
and
eight
billion,
sixty-eight
million,
nine
thousand,
seven
hundred
and
eighty-six
7.
million,
thousand,
hundred之后加“s”再加of表示不定数量,
后加名词复数;在表示具体数目时,million,
thousand,
hundred等用单数。
如:
hundreds
of
trees;four
hundred
years
二.基数词的用法
1.
表示数量的多少。
如:There
are
twenty-five
girls
in
our
class.
2.
年份、年代、年龄。(年份要用基数词,
每两位一读)
如:1980’s读作
nineteen
eighties(20世纪80年代);
in
one's
twenties(fifties,
seventies…)
在某人20多岁时,
50,
70…);
1978(nineteen
seventy-eight)
3.
表示时刻。
①时刻用基数词表示,
“几点整”用基数词十(o'clock),
如:6:00,
six(o’clock)
②“几点半”,
用“half
past…”或“…thirty”表示,
如:8:30
half
past
eight或eight
thirty。
③“几点过几分(不到半小时)”,
用“……(分钟)past;……(小时)”或“…(小时)…(分钟)”表示,
如:8:10,
要用ten
past
eight或eight
ten表示。
④“几点差几分(不到半小时)”,
用“……(分钟)to……(小时)”表示,
如,
8:50。ten
to
nine;
⑤如果是15分或45分,
则用quarter来表示,
如,
8:15可用a
quarter
past
eight,
8:45则用a
quarter
to
nine等.
4.
表示编号
(编号也要用基数词)

简单的编号(一位数或两位数),
一般用普通的基数词表示即可。
如:Class
Two;
No.
16(读作number
sixteen)Middle
School等。
但较长的数字,
就用简化的方法去读。
如:Room
307(数字读作
three
o
seven);
page
135(数字读作one
three
five),
电话号码的读法也是这样。
5.
确数与概数的表达
①英语中表示确数的方法为“基数词+计数单位的单数(hundred,
thousand,
million,
billion)+名词复数”;
②表示概数的方法为“计数单位的复数(hundreds,
thousands,
millions,
billions)+of+名词复数”。
如:He
has
two
hundred
books.
【提醒】
hundreds
of,
thousands
of,
millions
of,
billions
of前可以用several,
many,
some等修饰。
三.序数词的构成
表示先后顺序的数词叫序数词。序数词多数都是由“基数词+th”构成的。
1.
第一到第三,
分别是first,
second,
third需要特别记忆。
2.
第四到第十九,
除fifth,
eighth,
ninth,
twelfth的拼写特殊外,
其余都有相应的基数词加-th构成。
如:seventh,
thirteenth,
nineteenth
3.
20—90之间“第几十”的序数词由相应的基数词去掉-y加ieth构成。
如:twentieth,
seventieth,
ninetieth
4.
21—99之间“第几十几”的序数词,
前面的十位用基数词,
后面的个位用序数词,
中间用连字符连接。如:twenty-first第二十一
sixth-eighth第六十八
[巧学妙记]
基数词变序数词变化规律:
基变序,有规律,末尾加上-th;
一二三特殊记,面目全非要注意;
八加h,九去e,ve要用f替;
逢十改y为i,后跟-eth莫忘记;
若想表示第几十几,只变各位就可以。
四.序数词的用法
1.表示数序。
序数词表示顺序时,
其前面要加定冠词the,
其后接单数名词。
2.表示日期中的“日”。
日期要用月份加(日期的)序数词表示,
有两种读法,
如:十月二十日,
October
20应读作October
the
twentieth或the
twentieth
of
October
3.
表示楼层。
on
the
first
floor
在第一楼层
4.
序数词前也可以加不定冠词a(an),
表示“再…”、“又…”.
一、用所给词的正确形式填空
March
the
________
(十二)
is
Tree
Planting
Day
.
They
live
on
the
__________
(九)
floor
of
the
building
.
__________
(百万)
of
people
will
watch
the
basketball
match
this
weekend
.
Tomorrow
is
my
father’s
_________
(四十)
birthday.
I’k
like
to
buy
him
a
present
This
is
my
_________
(two)
day
in
Shanghai.
December
is
the
________
(12)
month
of
a
year.
There
are
___________
days
in
a
year.(365)
About
three
__________
(百万)
people
live
in
this
city.
February
is
the
__________(two)month
of
a
year.
How
much
does
the
air
conditioner
cost?

About
seven__________(
thousand)
yuan.
The
_________
(twelve)
lesson
is
Kitty’s
favorite
in
Book
2.
Today
is
February
the
___________
(three).
We
are
going
to
learn
the
__________
(twenty)
lesson.
She
lives
on
the
(five)
floor
and
there
is
no
lift
in
the
building.
二、选择题
She
has
volleyballs.(

twenty-five
B.
twenty
five
C.
twenty
fifth
There
are
___________
days
in
a
year.(

A.
three
hundreds
and
sixty
five
B.
three
hundred
and
sixty
five
C.
three
hundred
and
sixty-five
D.
three
hundred
sixty-five
How
do
you
say
15,858?(

A.
Fifteen
thousands,
eight
hundred
and
fifty-eight
B.
Fifteen
thousand,
eight
hundreds
and
fifty
eight.
C.
Fifteen
thousand,
eight
hundred
and
fifty-eight
D.
Fifteen
thousand
and
eight
hundred
and
fifty-eight.
Please
turn
to
Page
_________
and
look
at
the
________
picture
in
this
unit
.(

A.twentieth
;one
B.
twenty
;one
C.
twentieth;
first
D
Twenty
;
first
5.
____
people
in
Yangzhou
went
to
see
Liu
Qian’s
performance
when
he
came
there
.


A.
Ten
thousands
B.
Ten
thousands
of
C.
Thousands
D.
Ten
thousand
6.
This
is
______
English
class.
I
hope
you
can
enjoy
English
.


A.
our
the
first
B.
The
our
first
C.
our
first
D
.first
the
our
7.
Wednesday
is
the
__________
day
of
a
week.(

A.
fifth
B.
fourth?
C.
forth
D.
third
8.
_____
tourists
come
to
visit
the
Great
Wall
every
year
.


A
Millions
of
B
Million
of
C
One
million
of
D
Millions
9.
—Do
you
know
Shijiu
Lake
well?—Sure.
This
is
my
______
to
visit
the
lake.(

A.
three
times
B.
the
third
time
C.
third
time
D.
the
three
times
10.
—How
old
is
your
daughter?(

—______.
We
had
a
party
for
her
______
birthday
last
Sunday.
A.
Twelve;
twelfth
B.
Twelfth;
twelve
C.
Twelve;
twelve
D.
Twelfth;
twelfth
11.
--How
many
students
are
there
in
your
school?
---________.(

A.
There
are
two
thousands,
two
hundred
and
fifty-two
B.
There
are
two
thousand,
two
hundred,
fifty-two
C.
There
are
two
thousand,
and
two
hundred
fifty-two
D.
There
are
two
thousand,
two
hundred
and
fifty-two
12.
The
Changjiang
River
is
about_______
.(

A.
6,300
kilometers
long
B.
6,300-
kilometers-
long
C.6,300
-kilometer-long
D.
6,300
kilometer
long
13.
They
are
reading
______
lesson
on
Page
______.(

A.thirteen;
Thirteen
B.thirteen;
Thirteenth
C.the
thirteenth;
Thirteen
D.thirteenth;
Thirteen
14.
One
hundred
thousand,
two
hundred
and
sixty
is
_______.(

A.10,206
B.1,026
C.126
D.100,260
15.
I
visited
this
city
three
years
ago
so
this
is
my____
time
here.(

A.
first
B.
second
C.
third
D.
fourth
16.
一How
many
hours
do
you
sleep
every
night?(

一About
______
hours.
From
9
;
00
p.
m.
to
6
:
00
a.
m.
A.
nine
B.
nineteen
C.
ninth
D.
ninety
17.
一Have
you
heard
of
TFBOYS?(

Certainly.
About
_______
teenagers
love
them
very
much
in
our
school.
A.
hundreds
B.
two
hundreds
of
C.
two
hundreds
D.
two
hundred
18.
There
are
_____
months
in
a
year.
December
is
the_____month
of
a
year.(

A.
twelve;
twelve
B.
twelfth;
twelfth
C.
twelve;
twelfth
D.
twelfth;
twelve
19.
Please
turn
to
page___
and
take
a
look
at
the
picture
on
it.(

A.
the
eightieth
B.
eightieth
C.
eighties
D.
eighty
20.
How
many
friends
will
come
to
your
____birthday
party?
About___
.(

A.
twelve;
twelfth
B.
twelveth
;
twelve
C.
twelfth;
twelve
答案:
一.1.
twelfth
2.
ninth
3.
Millions
4.
fortieth
5.
second
6.
twelfth
7.
Three
hundred
and
sixty—five
8.
million
9.
second
10.
Thousand
11.
twelfth
12.
third
13.twentieth
14.
fifth
二.BCCDD
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