2020-2021学年牛津译林英语八年级下册Unit 2 Travelling知识讲解 语法现在完成时2学案（含答案）

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150685545085Unit 2 现在完成时2
Unit 2 现在完成时2
学员编号： 年 级：八年级 课 时 数： 3
学员姓名： 辅导科目： 英语 学科教师：
授课类型
T 知识梳理
C 典例练习
T 方法总结
授课日期及时段
2020年1月05日 15：00——17：00
掌握现在完成时短暂性动词与延续性动词的转变
掌握have/has been to、have/has gone to 和have been in区别

It's been a long day without you my friend And I'll tell you all about it when I see you again
一、比较have/has been to、have/has gone to 和have been in
结构
意义
例句
have/has gone to+地点
表示“某人去了某地(还未回来)”，说明所提及的对象不在说话地点
Ricky has gone to Beijing and will come back next week. 里基已到北京去了，下星期才回来。
have/has been to+地点
表示“曾经去过某地(但现在已不在那儿)”
I’ve been to Beijing for three times. 我到过北京三次。
have/has been in+地点
表示“在某地待了多长时间”，常与表示时间段的状语连用
Andy has been in Beijing for years. 安迪在北京待了两年了。
练习：
1.Miss Green isn't in the office .she______ to the library .
Ａ.has gone Ｂ.went Ｃ.will go Ｄ.has been
2.My parents ______Shandong for ten years .
Ａ.have been in Ｂ.have been to Ｃ.have gone to Ｄ.have been
二、延续性动词与非延续性动词
试比较，判断下列句子的正误。
翻译：我离开这所学校已八年啦。
【误】I have left this school for eight years.
【正】I have been away from this school for eight years. ?
解析：当现在完成时与表示一段时间的时间状语连用时，谓语动词必须使用延续性动词。如果谓语动词是非延续性动词则需要转化为对应的延续性动词。
动词按其动作发生的方式，发生过程的长短可分为延续性动词与非延续性动词。
分类
含义
举例
延续性动词
动作可以延续下去或产生持久影响
learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read,sleep, live, stay
短暂性动词
不能延续的动作，发生后立即结束
open, close, finish, begin, come, go，arrive, reach, get to, leave, move, borrow,buy


He has come back.（√） He has come back for two hours.（×）
3349625421640在现在完成时中，短暂性动词不能直接和for 或since 连用，要转化成相应的延续性动词或动词短语
在现在完成时中，短暂性动词不能直接和for 或since 连用，要转化成相应的延续性动词或动词短语
※??? 但在否定句中，非延续性动词也可用表示一段时间的状语来修饰（因为非持续性动词的这种否定形式构成一种状态，而这一状态是可以持续的），如
I haven’t heard from my father for a long time.
We haven’t seen him since 1999.
三、非延续性动词与延续性动词之间的转换
拓展：常用的非延续性动词及代替形式如下表：(详见书本P28、P134)
非延续性动词—延续性动词
非延续性动词—延续性动词
become—be
borrow—keep
buy—have
begin/start—be on
catch a cold—have a cold
close—be closed
come/arrive—be here/in
come/get back—be back
die—be dead
fall asleep/go to sleep—be asleep
get up—be up
get to know—know
finish/end—be over
join—be in/be a member of…
leave—be away
lose—be lost
marry—be married(to)
open—be open
[巧记] 1. 巧记10个瞬间动词：开始离去借来还；加入死去买到家
判断动词的延续性和非延续性歌诀：动词延续非延续，要用“一直”加动词；说得通是延续性动词，说不通是非延续性动词
4535170708025例442976028835351延续性动词相关练习：按要求完成句子(同义句转换，每空一词)。
例1. The twins arrived home three days ago.
　 The twins ___________ _________ home for three days.
2. They bought a new computer last week.
　 　They have __________ a new computer___________ last week.
3. The foreign guests left China two days ago.
　　The foreign guests have __________ ___________ from China for two days.
4. The film began fifteen minutes ago.
　　The film __________ ___________ ___________ for fifteen minutes.
5. The old lady died 10 years ago.
　　The old lady ___________ ___________ ___________ for 10 years.
4236085921385例2.同义句转换
1. My father left Guizhou last week.
? ? ?My father????????????????????Guizhou???????a week.
? ? ?My father????????????????????Guizhou???????last week.
2. The factory opened in 1996.
? ? ?The factory ????????????????????????ten years.
? ? The factory???????????????????since 1996.
?
【答案】
例1
have been 2. Had, since
been away 4. Has been on 5. Has been dead
例2
has been away from; for/ has been away from; since
has been open for/ has been open
单项选择
1. —Jack，would you mind not watching TV？I to you. —Oh，sorry，Mum.
A. talked B. talk C. was talking D. am talking
2. Miss Lin a lot of work for the poor area since 2010.
A. does B. did C. has done D. will do
3. I saw him in the library yesterday. He a book at that moment.
A. reads B. is reading C. was reading D. will read
4. When you at a restaurant，please order just enough food.
A. ate B. will eat C. eat D. have eaten
5. One of the popular expressions in 2012 “Positive energy”.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
6. Mary went to the United States three days ago. She New York for three days.
A. has gone to B. has been to C. has been in D. has come in
7. —Look at these stamps. I them for five years. —Wow，they are wonderful.
A. kept B. have kept C. have bought
8. —We all went to the cinema except you last night. Why didn't you come？—Because I that movie twice.
A. have watched B. had watched C. was watching D. would watch
9. —Anna，have you seen China's Got Talent ？—Of course. I it last weekend.
A. never；saw B. ever；have seen C. never；have seen D. ever；saw
10. —What you next weekend？—I a trip to Beijing.
A. will；did；take B. will；do；will take C. are；doing；take D. did；do；took
11. The sports meetings next month.
A. will hold B. is going to hold C. will be held
12. Teenagers allowed to drive.
A. should not be B. should be not C. not should be
13. —At present，one of the best ways to study is working in groups.
—More chances to students to learn from each other.
A. offer B. are offered C. have offered D. are offering
14. —Excuse me. I'm looking for Be the Best of Yourself.
—Sorry. The book you ask for out.
A. is selling B. is sold C. was selling D. will be sold
15. Annie to the party. She had a wonderful time with us.
A. invites B. is invited C. was invited D. has invited
16. A year has four seasons and it twelve different star signs.
A. divided into B. is dividing into C. divide into D. is divided into
17. People who to the party are very excited.
A. have invited B. has been invited C. will invite D. have been invited
18. —Clark，your room is really in a mess. It needs . —Sorry，Mum. I'll do it at once.
A. clean B. cleaned C. to clean D. to be cleaned
19. If you see the cartoon film，you will laugh.
A. be made B. be made to C. make to D. make
20. Tom Chinese since he came to China. He speaks good Chinese now.
A. learned B. has learned C. learns D. learn
二、用所给动词的适当形式填空
1. The old man ____________ (live) here since 1992.
2. Tom was very sorry for being late. But the teacher’s smile made him __________(feel) better.
3. You may go to play football as soon as your homework ____________(finish).
4. Millie ____________(eat) an apple every morning.
5. Middle school students ____________(tell) not to smoke.
6. It’s too hot inside. Do you mind me ____________(open) the window?
7. It ___________ (rain) heavily when I got home.
8. His grandpa __________ (be) dead for five years.
9. The boy __________ (see)___________( come) here this morning.
10. He said he____________ (return) me the book as soon as he finished _________( read) it.
【答案】
一．DCCCC CBADB DABBC BDDBB
二．1.has lived 2.feel 3.is finished 4.eats 5.are told
6.opening 7.was raining 8.has been 9.was seen; to come
10.would return; reading
三词组
1.havegone to去了某地 表示“已经去了某地，在去那里的途中或到达那里还没有回来”
e.g.：He has gone to Beijing (去了北京)
2.havebeen to去过某地 表示“曾去过某地，已经从那里回来了”
e.g.：He has been to Beijing. (去过北京)
3.havebeen?in?表示“在某地呆多长时间”，常与表示一段时间的状语连用，如：since,?for,?how?long?
e.g.: Mr.?Brown?has?been?in?Beijing?for?three?days.??布朗先生来北京已经有三天了?
4.如果句子里面没有时间状语，汉语意思能够加“已经”，往往用现在完成时态。
e.g.：Have you lost your library book? 你已经弄丢了从图书馆借的那本书吗？
5.现在完成时态还常常用于下列句型
They have planted many trees in the last few years. 在过去的几年，他们已经种了很多树。
This is the best book I have ever read. 这是我曾经读过的最好的一本书。
It is the first time I have played the computer games. 这是我第一次玩电脑游戏。
6.在现在完成时中，瞬间动词不能和一段时间状语连用
e.g.：He has bought the book for 3 years.（错）
因buy这个一次性动词不能和一段时间for 3 years连用, 改正的办法有五种：
① He has bought the book.. (去掉一段时间for 3 years)
② He bought the book 3 years ago (改为一般过去时，使句子的意思不变)
③ It’s 3 years since he bought the book. = 3 years has passed since he bought the book.
（改为固定句型 It is ---since---）
④ He has not bought the book for 3 years.（改为否定句）
⑤ He has had the book for 3 years. （用延续性动词have代替buy）
7. 还有其他瞬间动词也是这种情况，可参照前面的五种办法改正，前四种改法都一样，第五种改法各不相同，举例如下：
①come/arrive/get to/reach → be here
e.g：I have come here for 3 years.（错） 改为：I have been here for 3 years.
②leave/go →be away
e.g.：He has left for 3 hours.（错） 改为：He has been away for 3 hours.
③begin/start →be on
e.g.：The film has begun for 3 minutes.（错） 改为：The film has been on for 3 minutes.
④open →be open / close → be closed
e.g.：The shop has opened for 3 years.(错) 改为：The shop has been open for 3 years.
⑤die →be dead
e.g.：His father has died for 3 years.(错) 改为：His father has been dead for 3 years.
⑥finish/end→ be over
例：He has finished the work for 3 days.(错) 改为：The work has been over for 3 days
⑦join 例：I have joined the army for 3 years.（错）
改为：I have been in the army for 3 years. 或I have been a soldier for 3 years.
⑧buy /catch → have
e.g.：I have bought the bike for 3 years.（错） 改为：I have had the bike for 3 years.
He has caught a cold for 3 days.（错） 改为：He has had a cold for 3 days.
⑨borrow → keep
e.g：I have borrowed the book for 3 years. （错） 改为：I have kept the book for 3 years.
还有其它的归纳如下：
leave?---?be?away???????borrow?---?keep??????buy?---?have????die?---?be?dead??????begin/start?---?be?on??????finish?---?be?over??????fall?ill?---be?ill?get?up---be?up??????catch?a?cold?---?have?a?cold?????put?on--?wear? come/become/go?---?be?here??????fall?asleep?---?be?asleep??get?to/?arrive/reach?---?be?(in)?????????get?to?know?---?know?? ?join----be?a?member?of?...??(成为…的一员)?????open?---be?open?close?---be?close break → be broken \ get up → be up marry → be married \ become → be \ lose → be lost \
一、写出以下常用瞬间动词的相应延续性动词：　　
1. have arrived at/in sw. got to/reached sw. come/gone/moved to sw.　　→have been in sw./at…
2. have come/gone back/returned → ____________
3. have come/gone out →___________
4. have become →________________________
5.haveclosed / opened→_____________________
6. have got up →________________________ ；
7. have died →________________________；
8. have left sw. →________________________
9. have fallen asleep/got to sleep →___________ ；
10. have finished/ended/completed →___________；11. have married →____________________；　
　
二、用正确的时间表达词汇填空
Have you done your homework _______________? (for, just, yet)
I have _____________ been to Guangdong. (for, never, yet)r
He has worked there _____________ he left school. (already, yet. Since, for)
She has known Sam ______________ 9 years. (already, yet. Since, for)
Have you ____________ ridden a horse? (ever, for, yet)
三、用for或since填空
1.My family has owned a ship ___________ 1920.2.My family has owned a ship ___________ many years.
3.I have had a cold _________ last Monday. 4.I have had a cold __________ 5 days ago.
5.I have had a cold _________ 5 days.
四、用所给动词的适当形式填空
1. --- I _____________ (see) the film “Chicken Run”.
--- Where and when ________ you __________ (see) it? --- Last week.
2. Mary __________ already ____________ (have) her supper.
3. I ____________ (not want) to see the film. I _______________ (see) it with my parents. We _________ (see) it last Sunday.
4. ---_________ Uncle Wang ____________ (mend) the TV yet? ---Yes, he____________. ---When ___________ he ____________ it? --- Yesterday.
5. __________ you _______ (read) today’s newspaper yet?
6. They _________already__________(do) their homework. But they don’t know what__________ (do) next.
7. ---__________ you ___________ (see) the film last night? ---No, I ___________ (see) it for several times.
8. She ____________ (be) ill for three days.
9. My father ____________ (buy) a book for me yesterday.
He_________ already ________(pay) fifty yuan for it.
10. She_____________ (not read) this book before.
11. __________ you ever __________ (travel) on a train before?
12. --- ____________ Wei Hua ___________ (come) yet? ---Yes. She__________ (come) already. She ____________ (come) just now.
13. ---How long __________ you __________(learn) English? ---For more than two years.
14. They _______________ (live) in China since they ____________ (move) to China.
15. I___________ already __________ (see) the film. I ____________ (see) it last week.
16. So far I ________________(make) quite a few friends here.
17. How long _____________ the Wangs ____________(stay) here ? For two weeks.
18. They _________________ (not arrive) yet.
19. When I was in primary school, my mother _______________ (drive) me to school everyday.
20. He ______________ (live) here since he ____________ (move) to Hankou.
五、 单项选择
?1、Both? his? parents? look? sad . Maybe? they? _________what's? happened? to? him.
??? A.? knew??? B.? have known??? C.? must know???? D.will know
2、He? has? _______ been? to? Shanghai， has? he ？
??? A.? already??? B.never??? C.ever???? D. still
3、Have? you? met? Mr? Li ______？
??? A.? just??? B.? ago??????? C.before?????? D.? a moment ago
4、The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two year.
??? A. is? writing??? B.was? writing??????? C.wrote?????? D.has? written
5、—Our country? ______ a lot so far. —Yes. I hope it will be even ______.
??? A. has? changed ； well????? B.? changed ； good??? C. has? changed ； better???? D.? changed ； better
6、Zhao Lan ______already? ______in this school for two years.
??? A. was ； studying??????? B. will ； study ??? C. has ； studied????????? D. are ； studying
7、We ______ Xiao? Li? since? she? was? a? little? girl.
??? A. know????? B.? had? known????? C. have? known????? D.? knew
8、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_______ it twice.
??? A.? will? see???? B.? have? seen??????? C.? saw??????????? D.see
9、—These? farmers? have? been? to? the? United? States. —Really ？ When _____? there ？
??? A. will? they? go??????? B.? did? they? go C.? do? they? go??????? D.? have? they? gone
10、—______ you ___ your? homework? yet？ —Yes . I _____? it? a? moment? ago.
??? A.? Did； do； finished??????? B.? Have； done； finished
??? C.? Have； done； have? finished????????? D.? will； do； finish
11、 His? father? ______ the? Party? since? 1978.
??? A.? joined??? B.? has joined???? C.? was in???? D.? has? been? in
12、—Do you know him well ？—? Sure. We _________ friends since ten years ago.
??? A.? were??? B. have been?????? C. have become????? D. have made
13、—How long have you? ____ here？—About two months.
??? A.? been???? B.? gone?????????? C.? come????????? D.? arrived
14、Hurry? up！ The? play __________ for? ten? minutes.
??? A.? has? begun????????? B.? had? begun C.? has? been? on??????? D.? began
15、 It? _____ ten? years? since? he? left? the? army.
??? A.? is????????? B.? has??????????? C.? will?????????? D.? was
16、 Miss? Green? isn't? in? the? office . she_______? to? the? library.
??? A.has? gone???? B. went??????? C.will? go????????? D.? has? been
17、My? parents ______? Shandong? for? ten? years.
??? A.? have? been? in??????? B. have? been? to ??? C.? have? gone? to???????? D. have? been
18、The students have cleaned the classroom，_____？
??? A. so they????? B. don’t they???? C. have they???? D. haven’t they
19、_____has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he ____ to China？
??? A. How soon， comes?????????? B. How often， got??? C. How long， came?????? D. How far， arrived
20、 His uncle ____ for more than 9 years.
??? A. has come here???????? B. has started to work??? C. has lived there????? D. has left the university
六、 句型转换。
??? 1、He’s never been late， ____ _ ________？（改成反意疑问句）
??? 2、They have been here since 2000.? （对划线部分提问）??? ______ __________have they been here？
??? 3、The old man _________ last year. He _____ _______for a year. （die）（动词填空）
?????4、Miss Gao left an hour ago.? （同义句转换）??? Miss Gao ________ ______ ________ _______ an hour ago.
??? 5、Her mother has been a Party member for three years .（同义句）
??? Her? mother _______ the? Party? three? years? ________ .
??? 6、The Green Family moved to France two years ago.??=____ two years ___ the Green family moved to France.
??? 7、The bus has arrived here. It arrived ten minutes ago. （把两个句子合并成一个句子）
??? ___________________________________________
??七、汉译英。
??? 1、吉姆已做完作业，他现在有空了。___________________________________________
??? 2、他昨天收到一封信。___________________________________________
??? 3、我父亲以前到过长城。___________________________________________
??? 4、她还没有看过那部新电影。___________________________________________
??? 5、她去过上海。___________________________________________
??? 6、他这些天上哪儿去了？___________________________________________
参考答案：
一、
have been in sw./at…相应的介词
have been back
have been out
have been
have been closed/open
have been up
have been dead
have been away from sw.
have been asleep
have been over
have been married
二、
yet
never
since
for
ever

三

since
for
Since
Since
For
四、
Have seen, Did see
Has had
Don’t want, have seen, saw
Has mended, has. did mend
Have read
Have done ,to do
Did see ,have seen
Has been
Bought ,has paid
Hasn’t read
Have travelled
Has come ,has come, came
Has lived ,moved
Have lived, moved
have seen,saw
have made
Have stayed
Haven’t arrived
Drove
Have learned
五、单项选择。
??? 1、现在完成时主要强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，或过去发生的动作还未结束，一直持续到现在或将来，重点在于对现在的影响。这种考查难度较大，往往无时间状语，需要从上下文分析、推理才行。故上两侧根据上下文分析、推理，正确答案是B.
??? 2、现在完成时常与already（已经），just（刚刚，正好），ever（曾经），never（从来，也不；从不），before（以前），yet（仍然）等连用。故2应选B.
??? 3、C
??? 4、现在完成时常与recently（近来），so? far（到目前为止），in? the? past/“last + 一段时间”等时间状语连用。因为上述短语表示的是从现在起往前推算的一段时间，句中的动作是从过去某一时间或时刻开始持续到现在的。故4应选D.
??? 5、C
??? 6、现在完成时时常与“for +时间段或since +过去时间点”连用（含从句，从句过去时）。故6应选C.
??? 7、C
??? 8、现在完成时还与once（一次），twice（两次），three? times（三次），several? times（几次）等表示重复次数的词语连用。故8应选B.
??? 9、现在完成时与一般过去时容易混淆，就是因为它们所表示的动作都发生在过去，但二者又有区别：一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的事、存在的状态或经常发生的动作，说话的侧重点在于陈述一件过去的事情，与现在没有关系；现在完成时表示与现在有关系的发生在过去的动作，它不与表示过去的时间状语（如yesterday ， last? week ， a? moment? ago等）连用。故9的正确答案为B.
??? 10、B
??? 11、现在完成时中，非延续性动词不能与for和since引导的表示一段时间的状语连用，通常是用相应的延续性动词来代替。故11的正确答案依次为：D.
??? 12、B??? 13、A???? 14、C???? 15、A.
??? 16、“have/has? gone? to + 地点”表示“某人去了某地（还未回来）”，指主语所指的人不在这儿。“have/has? been? in + 地点”表示“在某地呆了多长时间”，常与表示时间的状语连用。“have/has? been? to? +地点”表示“曾经去过某地（但现在已不在那儿）。”故16的正确答案为A.
??? 17、A??? 18、D???? 19、C???? 20、C
??? 六、句型转换。
??? 1、has he？???????????? 2、How long??????????? 3、died， has been dead
?????? 4、has been away?????? 5、joined；ago
??? 6、It is， since???????7、The bus has been here for ten minutes.
??? 七、汉译英。
??? 1、Jim has finished doing his homework already. He is free now.
??? 2、He received a letter yesterday.
??? 3、My father has been to the Great Wall before.
??? 4、She hasn't seen the new film yet.
??? 5、She has been to Shanghai.
??? 6、Where has he been these days？