2020-2021学年牛津译林英语八年级下册Unit 4 A good read语法讲解 疑问词+动词不定式学案（含答案）
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| 名称 | 2020-2021学年牛津译林英语八年级下册Unit 4 A good read语法讲解 疑问词+动词不定式学案（含答案） |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2021-04-17 16:02:09 | ||
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学员编号： 年 级： 初 二 课 时 数： 3 学员姓名： 辅导科目： 英语 学科教师：
授课类型 T 知识梳理 C 典例练习 T 方法总结
授课日期及时段 2019年02月16日 周六 17：30——19：30
1.掌握疑问词+动词不定式的用法。
2.掌握must /have to的用法。
师：你经常去图书馆吗？
生：是的。
师：那你知道图书馆的一些规则吗？比如说进入图书馆，我们必须做什么？
生：我们必须保持安静。
师：用英文怎么说?
生：We should keep quiet.
师：should 的意思是应该，must是必须，语气更强烈。那这句话应该怎么说呢？
生：We must keep quiet.
师：对，今天我们就来学习must和have to的用法。
疑问词+动词不定式
1. “特殊疑问词+动词不定式”的构成及用法。
动词不定式（to do）可以和疑问词what,which,who,whom,how,where,when等(why除外)连用，构成不定式短语。这种结构在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、宾语的补语，状语，同位语等句子成分。
(1) “特殊疑问词+动词不定式”作主语。
Where?to go is?still?a?question.?到哪里去还是个问题。
(2) “特殊疑问词+动词不定式”作宾语。
I know where to find the boy. 我知道到哪里能找到这个男孩。
(3) “特殊疑问词+动词不定式”作表语。
The question is how to learn English well.问题是怎样学好英语。
(4)“特殊疑问词+动词不定式”作宾语补足语
I asked her how to learn English. 我问她如何学英语。
(5)“特殊疑问词+动词不定式” 作状语
She did not know what to do. 她不知如何是好。
(6)“特殊疑问词+动词不定式”作同位语
The question whether to go troubled the girl.
是否要去的问题使姑娘很烦恼。
2.常与“特殊疑问词＋动词不定式”结构连用的词
常和“疑问词+动词不定式结构连用的动词及动词短语有：know, learn, see, hear, ask, tell, advise, decide, explain, find out, forget, remember, think, understand, wonder等。
(1)有些动词，如ask, tell, advise,show,teach 等，其后可跟双宾语。
Please tell me how to get there. 请告诉我怎么去那儿。
(2)有些疑问词后面可以先接一个名词，再接动词不定式。如：what,which,whose,how many,how much等。
She wondered how much money to spend on clothes.
(3) 在“特殊疑问词＋动词不定式”结构前，有时也可以是如sure,clear等形容词。
I am not sure which way to take .
3. “特殊疑问词＋动词不定式”结构可以把复合句转为简单句。如：
I do not know what I should do.
=?I?do not?know what to do.
must/have to 的用法
1. must的用法
(1) must是情态动词，意为“必须，一定要”，后接动词原形，可用于肯定句、否定句和疑问句。
must的否定形式must not(mustn’t) 语气较为强烈，意为“不许，禁止”。
注意: must 构成的一般疑问句，其否定回答用needn’t或don’t/doesn’t have to，意为“没有必要”。
(2) must还可表示把握性很大的肯定猜测、意为“一定，准是”。
2. have to的用法
have to 意为“必须，不得不”，后接动词原形，表示在客观上有必要做某事。使用have to时应对应注意以下几点：
have to 有一般现在时（have to, has to），一般过去时（had to）和一般将来时（will have to）等多种时态。
构成一般疑问句时，要在句子开头加do, does, did或will等助动词。
have to的否定形式don’t/doesn’t/won’t have to 表示“没有必要”。
3. must和have to的区别
(1) 两者都表示“必须”，must通常着重于说话者的主观看法，认为有必要去做某事。而have to（has to）着重于客观需要，含有“不得不”的意思。比较下列句子：
We must study English hard. 我们必须努力学习英语。
You are ill today. You have to see a doctor. 你今天病了，不得不去看医生。
(2) have to有人称、时态和数的变化，而must只有一种形式。
He has to look after his sister.
I had to walk home because there was no bus then.
(3)用于否定句时，must的否定式是mustn’t , 意为“决不可、禁止”，而have to的否定式（don’t have to）是“不必”。两者在意义上有较大的差异。若要表示“不必”这个意思，还可用needn’t。如：
You must water the flowers, but you needn’t do it at once.
你必须浇花，但不必马上浇。
You don't have to tell him about it. 你没有必要把此事告诉他。
You mustn't tell him about it. 你一定不要把这件事告诉他
(4) must还可表示“肯定、必定”等表猜测的意思，have to则没有这种用法。如：
She is not here. She must go away.她不在这里，肯定走了。
注意：否定形式的猜测一般多为“can’t be”表示 “不可能是”，不能用mustn’t be
They can’t be here. I know they have gone abroad.
例1．
He will advise you what_______ _________. 他会建议你们做什么 。
advise其后可跟双宾语。
例2
She wondered how many ________ _________ _________. 她不知道该选几门学科。
疑问词how many后面先接一个名词，再接动词不定式。
例3
The?doctor?told?him?when?he?should?take?the?medicine.?
=?The?doctor?told?him?_______ ________ _________?the?medicine.?
“特殊疑问词＋动词不定式”结构可以把复合句转为简单句。
例4
You ________________(not have to)tell her about it.
have to的否定式是don’t have to，意为 “不必”。
例5
—Must I finish my homework？
—No, you ___________.
mustn’t B. needn’t C. can’t
must 构成的一般疑问句，其否定回答用needn’t或don’t/doesn’t have to，意为“没有必要”。
一．改写同义句
1. I can’t decide when to do my homework.
I can’t decide ________ ________ __________ ________my homework.
2. Sandy wants to know where she can ask for advice.
Sandy wants to know _________ _________ ________for advice.
3. Millie doesn’t know how to solve her problem.
Millie doesn’t know ________ ________ ________ _________her problem.
4. You should decide which you should do first.
You should decide __________ ___________ ________first.
5. I really don’t know what to do with these books.
I really don’t know ________ ________ __________ __________ ________ these books.
二．用how, which, what, when, where填空。
1. When I go into the clothes shop, I always can’t decide _______ one to buy.
2. My grandfather doesn’t know ________ to use a computer.
3. --- Will you please show me ______ to drive a car?
--- Yes, of course. Now let me tell you _______ to do first.
4. I will tell Lucy __________ and ___________ to meet.
答案：which, how, how, what, when,where
一．根据右图用 must, must not, have to , don’t have to填空。
You (1) _________ keep quiet in the library.
You (2) __________ keep the books clean and tidy.
You (3) __________ draw or write in the books .
You (4) _______ eat or drink in the library.
You (5) __________ return the books on time.
If you want to keep them longer, you (6) ______ renew them.
You (7) ____________ bring your student card every time you go to the library, but remember to bring your library card.
答案：must, must, mustn’t, mustn’t, must, have to, do not have to
二、选择
( ) 1. ——Mum, may I watch TV now?
——No, you ___________ finish your homework first.
A. mustn’t B. must C. have to D. can’t
( ) 2. ——Must I finish that work today?
——No, you ________. You may finish it in three days.
A. shouldn’t B. needn’t C. mustn’t D. hadn’t to
( ) 3. Yesterday it rained heavily when school was over. We _________ stay in our classroom.
A. must B. should C. had to D. need
( ) 4. ——Can I help you ?
——Yeah. I don’t know ________ a banana milk shake. Maybe you can teach me.
A. what to do B. when to make C. how to make D. why to do
( ) 5. ——Which dress do you like best, Madam??
——Sorry, I can’t decide ___________now.
A. to buy which one B.buy which one
C. which one to buy D. which I should buy it
( ) 6. Someone has put away(收拾，整理) the books. You________do it.
A. mustn’t B. needn’t C. shouldn’t D. can’t
( )7. It’s the library. So you ______ know shouting is not allowed here.
A. can B. must C. need D. may
( ) 8.Can we discuss here? No, you ______. You will disturb other people.
A. mustn’t B. won’t C. don’t D. needn’t
( ) 9. -Must I return the book today?-No, you _____.
A. don’t B. can’t C. mustn’t D. needn’t
答案： BBCCC BBAD
疑问词+动词不定式
动词不定式（to do）可以和疑问词what,which,who,whom,how,where,when等(why)除外连用，构成不定式短语。这种结构在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、宾语的补语，状语，同位语等句子成分。
must/have to 的用法
1. must的用法
(1) must是情态动词，意为“必须，一定要”，后接动词原形，可用于肯定句、否定句和疑问句。
must的否定形式must not(mustn’t) 语气较为强烈，意为“不许，禁止”。
注意: must 构成的一般疑问句，其否定回答用needn’t或don’t/doesn’t have to，意为“没有必要”。
(2) must还可表示把握性很大的肯定猜测、意为“一定，准是”。
2. have to的用法
have to 意为“必须，不得不”，后接动词原形，表示在客观上有必要做某事。使用have to时应对应注意以下几点：
(1)have to 有一般现在时（have to, has to），一般过去时（had to）和一般将来时（will have to）等多种时态。
(2)构成一般疑问句时，要在句子开头加do, does, did或will等助动词。
(3)have to的否定形式don’t/doesn’t/won’t have to 表示“没有必要”。
3. must和have to的区别
(1) 两者都表示“必须”，must通常着重于说话者的主观看法，认为有必要去做某事。而have to（has to）着重于客观需要，含有“不得不”的意思。比较下列句子：
(2) have to有人称、时态和数的变化，而must只有一种形式。
(3)用于否定句时，must的否定式是mustn’t , 意为“决不可、禁止”，而have to的否定式（don’t have to）是“不必”。两者在意义上有较大的差异。若要表示“不必”这个意思，还可用needn’t。如：
(4) must还可表示“肯定、必定”等表猜测的意思，have to则没有这种用法。如：
注意：否定形式的猜测一般多为“can’t be”表示 “不可能是”，不能用mustn’t be
单项选择
1．(1分)There's no difference between the two pictures. I really don't know ____.
?????A.what to choose ?????B.which to choose
?????C.to choose what ?????D.to choose which
2．(1分)All the students ____?know shouting at the elderly is impolite.
?????A.can ?????B.mustn't ?????C.can't ?????D.must
3．(1分)—____ do you usually spend on the computer at the weekend?
—Two hours.
?????A.How often ?????B.How much ?????C.How much time ?????D.How soon
4．(1分)—____ can I ____ these books and magazines?
—At most two weeks.
?????A.How far; keep ?????B.How long; borrow
?????C.How long; keep ?????D.How soon; lend
5．(1分)Do you know ____?this kind of plant?
?????A.where find ?????B.where to find ?????C.why to find ?????D.what to find
6．(1分)—Mum, may I go swimming now?
—Yes, dear, but remember that you ____ go with your dad.
?????A.may ?????B.can ?????C.must
7．(1分)—Could you show me ____ again? I still don't understand it.
—Of course.
?????A.what to do it ?????B.how to do ?????C.to do what ?????D.how to do it
8．(1分)—____ I wash the clothes now?
—No, you ____. You ____ clean the room first.
?????A.Must; needn't; can ?????B.Must; mustn't; can
?????C.Must; must; can ?????D.Shall; may; may
9．(1分)Johnny, you ____ play with the knife, for you may hurt yourself.
?????A.won't ?????B.can't ?????C.mustn't ?????D.needn't
10．(1分)Nowadays all passengers ____?go through safety check before they take a train.
?????A.can ?????B.may ?????C.must ?????D.will
11．(1分)—I like the party so much, but I ____?go home. It's too late.
—What a pity!
?????A.mustn't ?????B.have to ?????C.may ?????D.can't
12．(1分)The kites on the Internet are very cheap, but Millie doesn't know ____?them.
?????A.where to buy ?????B.what to buy ?????C.how to buy ?????D.when to buy
13．(1分)He is too heavy. He has decided ____?some exercise to keep healthy.
?????A.to take ?????B.not to take ?????C.take ?????D.not take
14．(1分)I don't know ____ my problem.
?????A.what to do ?????B.how to do
?????C.what to do with ?????D.how to do with
15．(1分)My parents always tell me?____ more vegetables and fruit.
?????A.eat ?????B.eating ?????C.eats ?????D.to eat
16．(1分)—Must I finish the work right now?
—No, ____.
?????A.you must ?????B.you mustn't
?????C.you have to ?????D.you don't have to
17．(1分)I haven't decided when ____?a holiday yet.
?????A.took ?????B.taking ?????C.to take ?????D.take
18．(1分)My grandfather ____?a doctor, but now he is retired.
?????A.use to ?????B.use to be ?????C.used to ?????D.used to be
19．(1分)He lost his key. It made him ____?in the cold to wait for his wife's return.
?????A.to stay ?????B.stayed ?????C.stays ?????D.stay
20．(1分)—Excuse me, do you know ____?
—Sure, there is a bookstore down the street near here.
?????A.where can I get some postcards ?????B.where I can get some postcards
?????C.how can I get some postcards ?????D.when I can get some postcards
1． 【答案】B
【解析】由于不知道两幅画的区别，所以是“真不知道选哪一幅”。D的词序不正确，必须用“疑问词+to do”的结构。
2． 【答案】D
【解析】句意：所有学生____知道对年长者大声吼叫是不礼貌的。从语气可知应该用“必须”。
3． 【答案】C
【解析】就时间进行提问用how long或者how much time，故选C。
4． 【答案】C
【解析】问句要问书和杂志能借多长时间。与how long搭配的“借”必须是延续性动词，keep作“借”讲时，是延续性动词。
5． 【答案】B
【解析】题考查疑问词后接动词不定式，由题意可知选B。
6． 【答案】C
【解析】句意：“妈妈，现在我可以去游泳吗?”“可以，亲爱的，但记得你必须要和你爸爸一起去。”本题考查情态动词。can意为“能，会，可以”；may意为“可以，可能”；must意为“必须，一定”。根据句意可知本题选择C。
7． 【答案】D
【解析】【略】。
8． 【答案】A
【解析】【略】。
9． 【答案】C
【解析】【略】。
10． 【答案】C
【解析】句意：如今，所有乘客在乘火车前____通过安检。故选C。
11． 【答案】B
【解析】由It's too late(太晚了). 可知说话人要表达“必须回家”的意思。
12． 【答案】C
【解析】句意：网上的风筝很便宜，但米莉不知道____他们。根据逻辑可知选C。
13． 【答案】A
【解析】decide to do sth.意为“决定做某事”，是固定搭配，由句意可知选A。
14． 【答案】C
【解析】what to do with sth.如何处理某物。
15． 【答案】D
【解析】句意为“我的父母总是告诉我多吃蔬菜和水果”。tell sb.to do sth.“告诉某人做某事”，是固定结构，动词不定式此处用作宾语补足语。
16． 【答案】D
【解析】Must…? 的否定回答应用don't have to或needn't。
17． 【答案】C
【解析】考查疑问词后跟动词不定式的用法。
18． 【答案】D
【解析】由题意可知表示“过去是”，固定搭配用used to do。
19． 【答案】D
【解析】make sb.do sth.意为“使某人做某事”。句意：他丢失了他的钥匙。这使他待在寒冷中等待他的妻子回来。故选D。
20． 【答案】B
【解析】分析题干可知，问句为含有宾语从句的主从复合句。宾语从句要用陈述语序，故可排除A、C 两项。再根据答语意思“当然，在这附近沿街有一家书店”可知，问句意思为“劳驾，你知道我能在哪儿买到一些明信片吗?”，故选B。
第1页
授课类型 T 知识梳理 C 典例练习 T 方法总结
授课日期及时段 2019年02月16日 周六 17：30——19：30
1.掌握疑问词+动词不定式的用法。
2.掌握must /have to的用法。
师：你经常去图书馆吗？
生：是的。
师：那你知道图书馆的一些规则吗？比如说进入图书馆，我们必须做什么？
生：我们必须保持安静。
师：用英文怎么说?
生：We should keep quiet.
师：should 的意思是应该，must是必须，语气更强烈。那这句话应该怎么说呢？
生：We must keep quiet.
师：对，今天我们就来学习must和have to的用法。
疑问词+动词不定式
1. “特殊疑问词+动词不定式”的构成及用法。
动词不定式（to do）可以和疑问词what,which,who,whom,how,where,when等(why除外)连用，构成不定式短语。这种结构在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、宾语的补语，状语，同位语等句子成分。
(1) “特殊疑问词+动词不定式”作主语。
Where?to go is?still?a?question.?到哪里去还是个问题。
(2) “特殊疑问词+动词不定式”作宾语。
I know where to find the boy. 我知道到哪里能找到这个男孩。
(3) “特殊疑问词+动词不定式”作表语。
The question is how to learn English well.问题是怎样学好英语。
(4)“特殊疑问词+动词不定式”作宾语补足语
I asked her how to learn English. 我问她如何学英语。
(5)“特殊疑问词+动词不定式” 作状语
She did not know what to do. 她不知如何是好。
(6)“特殊疑问词+动词不定式”作同位语
The question whether to go troubled the girl.
是否要去的问题使姑娘很烦恼。
2.常与“特殊疑问词＋动词不定式”结构连用的词
常和“疑问词+动词不定式结构连用的动词及动词短语有：know, learn, see, hear, ask, tell, advise, decide, explain, find out, forget, remember, think, understand, wonder等。
(1)有些动词，如ask, tell, advise,show,teach 等，其后可跟双宾语。
Please tell me how to get there. 请告诉我怎么去那儿。
(2)有些疑问词后面可以先接一个名词，再接动词不定式。如：what,which,whose,how many,how much等。
She wondered how much money to spend on clothes.
(3) 在“特殊疑问词＋动词不定式”结构前，有时也可以是如sure,clear等形容词。
I am not sure which way to take .
3. “特殊疑问词＋动词不定式”结构可以把复合句转为简单句。如：
I do not know what I should do.
=?I?do not?know what to do.
must/have to 的用法
1. must的用法
(1) must是情态动词，意为“必须，一定要”，后接动词原形，可用于肯定句、否定句和疑问句。
must的否定形式must not(mustn’t) 语气较为强烈，意为“不许，禁止”。
注意: must 构成的一般疑问句，其否定回答用needn’t或don’t/doesn’t have to，意为“没有必要”。
(2) must还可表示把握性很大的肯定猜测、意为“一定，准是”。
2. have to的用法
have to 意为“必须，不得不”，后接动词原形，表示在客观上有必要做某事。使用have to时应对应注意以下几点：
have to 有一般现在时（have to, has to），一般过去时（had to）和一般将来时（will have to）等多种时态。
构成一般疑问句时，要在句子开头加do, does, did或will等助动词。
have to的否定形式don’t/doesn’t/won’t have to 表示“没有必要”。
3. must和have to的区别
(1) 两者都表示“必须”，must通常着重于说话者的主观看法，认为有必要去做某事。而have to（has to）着重于客观需要，含有“不得不”的意思。比较下列句子：
We must study English hard. 我们必须努力学习英语。
You are ill today. You have to see a doctor. 你今天病了，不得不去看医生。
(2) have to有人称、时态和数的变化，而must只有一种形式。
He has to look after his sister.
I had to walk home because there was no bus then.
(3)用于否定句时，must的否定式是mustn’t , 意为“决不可、禁止”，而have to的否定式（don’t have to）是“不必”。两者在意义上有较大的差异。若要表示“不必”这个意思，还可用needn’t。如：
You must water the flowers, but you needn’t do it at once.
你必须浇花，但不必马上浇。
You don't have to tell him about it. 你没有必要把此事告诉他。
You mustn't tell him about it. 你一定不要把这件事告诉他
(4) must还可表示“肯定、必定”等表猜测的意思，have to则没有这种用法。如：
She is not here. She must go away.她不在这里，肯定走了。
注意：否定形式的猜测一般多为“can’t be”表示 “不可能是”，不能用mustn’t be
They can’t be here. I know they have gone abroad.
例1．
He will advise you what_______ _________. 他会建议你们做什么 。
advise其后可跟双宾语。
例2
She wondered how many ________ _________ _________. 她不知道该选几门学科。
疑问词how many后面先接一个名词，再接动词不定式。
例3
The?doctor?told?him?when?he?should?take?the?medicine.?
=?The?doctor?told?him?_______ ________ _________?the?medicine.?
“特殊疑问词＋动词不定式”结构可以把复合句转为简单句。
例4
You ________________(not have to)tell her about it.
have to的否定式是don’t have to，意为 “不必”。
例5
—Must I finish my homework？
—No, you ___________.
mustn’t B. needn’t C. can’t
must 构成的一般疑问句，其否定回答用needn’t或don’t/doesn’t have to，意为“没有必要”。
一．改写同义句
1. I can’t decide when to do my homework.
I can’t decide ________ ________ __________ ________my homework.
2. Sandy wants to know where she can ask for advice.
Sandy wants to know _________ _________ ________for advice.
3. Millie doesn’t know how to solve her problem.
Millie doesn’t know ________ ________ ________ _________her problem.
4. You should decide which you should do first.
You should decide __________ ___________ ________first.
5. I really don’t know what to do with these books.
I really don’t know ________ ________ __________ __________ ________ these books.
二．用how, which, what, when, where填空。
1. When I go into the clothes shop, I always can’t decide _______ one to buy.
2. My grandfather doesn’t know ________ to use a computer.
3. --- Will you please show me ______ to drive a car?
--- Yes, of course. Now let me tell you _______ to do first.
4. I will tell Lucy __________ and ___________ to meet.
答案：which, how, how, what, when,where
一．根据右图用 must, must not, have to , don’t have to填空。
You (1) _________ keep quiet in the library.
You (2) __________ keep the books clean and tidy.
You (3) __________ draw or write in the books .
You (4) _______ eat or drink in the library.
You (5) __________ return the books on time.
If you want to keep them longer, you (6) ______ renew them.
You (7) ____________ bring your student card every time you go to the library, but remember to bring your library card.
答案：must, must, mustn’t, mustn’t, must, have to, do not have to
二、选择
( ) 1. ——Mum, may I watch TV now?
——No, you ___________ finish your homework first.
A. mustn’t B. must C. have to D. can’t
( ) 2. ——Must I finish that work today?
——No, you ________. You may finish it in three days.
A. shouldn’t B. needn’t C. mustn’t D. hadn’t to
( ) 3. Yesterday it rained heavily when school was over. We _________ stay in our classroom.
A. must B. should C. had to D. need
( ) 4. ——Can I help you ?
——Yeah. I don’t know ________ a banana milk shake. Maybe you can teach me.
A. what to do B. when to make C. how to make D. why to do
( ) 5. ——Which dress do you like best, Madam??
——Sorry, I can’t decide ___________now.
A. to buy which one B.buy which one
C. which one to buy D. which I should buy it
( ) 6. Someone has put away(收拾，整理) the books. You________do it.
A. mustn’t B. needn’t C. shouldn’t D. can’t
( )7. It’s the library. So you ______ know shouting is not allowed here.
A. can B. must C. need D. may
( ) 8.Can we discuss here? No, you ______. You will disturb other people.
A. mustn’t B. won’t C. don’t D. needn’t
( ) 9. -Must I return the book today?-No, you _____.
A. don’t B. can’t C. mustn’t D. needn’t
答案： BBCCC BBAD
疑问词+动词不定式
动词不定式（to do）可以和疑问词what,which,who,whom,how,where,when等(why)除外连用，构成不定式短语。这种结构在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、宾语的补语，状语，同位语等句子成分。
must/have to 的用法
1. must的用法
(1) must是情态动词，意为“必须，一定要”，后接动词原形，可用于肯定句、否定句和疑问句。
must的否定形式must not(mustn’t) 语气较为强烈，意为“不许，禁止”。
注意: must 构成的一般疑问句，其否定回答用needn’t或don’t/doesn’t have to，意为“没有必要”。
(2) must还可表示把握性很大的肯定猜测、意为“一定，准是”。
2. have to的用法
have to 意为“必须，不得不”，后接动词原形，表示在客观上有必要做某事。使用have to时应对应注意以下几点：
(1)have to 有一般现在时（have to, has to），一般过去时（had to）和一般将来时（will have to）等多种时态。
(2)构成一般疑问句时，要在句子开头加do, does, did或will等助动词。
(3)have to的否定形式don’t/doesn’t/won’t have to 表示“没有必要”。
3. must和have to的区别
(1) 两者都表示“必须”，must通常着重于说话者的主观看法，认为有必要去做某事。而have to（has to）着重于客观需要，含有“不得不”的意思。比较下列句子：
(2) have to有人称、时态和数的变化，而must只有一种形式。
(3)用于否定句时，must的否定式是mustn’t , 意为“决不可、禁止”，而have to的否定式（don’t have to）是“不必”。两者在意义上有较大的差异。若要表示“不必”这个意思，还可用needn’t。如：
(4) must还可表示“肯定、必定”等表猜测的意思，have to则没有这种用法。如：
注意：否定形式的猜测一般多为“can’t be”表示 “不可能是”，不能用mustn’t be
单项选择
1．(1分)There's no difference between the two pictures. I really don't know ____.
?????A.what to choose ?????B.which to choose
?????C.to choose what ?????D.to choose which
2．(1分)All the students ____?know shouting at the elderly is impolite.
?????A.can ?????B.mustn't ?????C.can't ?????D.must
3．(1分)—____ do you usually spend on the computer at the weekend?
—Two hours.
?????A.How often ?????B.How much ?????C.How much time ?????D.How soon
4．(1分)—____ can I ____ these books and magazines?
—At most two weeks.
?????A.How far; keep ?????B.How long; borrow
?????C.How long; keep ?????D.How soon; lend
5．(1分)Do you know ____?this kind of plant?
?????A.where find ?????B.where to find ?????C.why to find ?????D.what to find
6．(1分)—Mum, may I go swimming now?
—Yes, dear, but remember that you ____ go with your dad.
?????A.may ?????B.can ?????C.must
7．(1分)—Could you show me ____ again? I still don't understand it.
—Of course.
?????A.what to do it ?????B.how to do ?????C.to do what ?????D.how to do it
8．(1分)—____ I wash the clothes now?
—No, you ____. You ____ clean the room first.
?????A.Must; needn't; can ?????B.Must; mustn't; can
?????C.Must; must; can ?????D.Shall; may; may
9．(1分)Johnny, you ____ play with the knife, for you may hurt yourself.
?????A.won't ?????B.can't ?????C.mustn't ?????D.needn't
10．(1分)Nowadays all passengers ____?go through safety check before they take a train.
?????A.can ?????B.may ?????C.must ?????D.will
11．(1分)—I like the party so much, but I ____?go home. It's too late.
—What a pity!
?????A.mustn't ?????B.have to ?????C.may ?????D.can't
12．(1分)The kites on the Internet are very cheap, but Millie doesn't know ____?them.
?????A.where to buy ?????B.what to buy ?????C.how to buy ?????D.when to buy
13．(1分)He is too heavy. He has decided ____?some exercise to keep healthy.
?????A.to take ?????B.not to take ?????C.take ?????D.not take
14．(1分)I don't know ____ my problem.
?????A.what to do ?????B.how to do
?????C.what to do with ?????D.how to do with
15．(1分)My parents always tell me?____ more vegetables and fruit.
?????A.eat ?????B.eating ?????C.eats ?????D.to eat
16．(1分)—Must I finish the work right now?
—No, ____.
?????A.you must ?????B.you mustn't
?????C.you have to ?????D.you don't have to
17．(1分)I haven't decided when ____?a holiday yet.
?????A.took ?????B.taking ?????C.to take ?????D.take
18．(1分)My grandfather ____?a doctor, but now he is retired.
?????A.use to ?????B.use to be ?????C.used to ?????D.used to be
19．(1分)He lost his key. It made him ____?in the cold to wait for his wife's return.
?????A.to stay ?????B.stayed ?????C.stays ?????D.stay
20．(1分)—Excuse me, do you know ____?
—Sure, there is a bookstore down the street near here.
?????A.where can I get some postcards ?????B.where I can get some postcards
?????C.how can I get some postcards ?????D.when I can get some postcards
1． 【答案】B
【解析】由于不知道两幅画的区别，所以是“真不知道选哪一幅”。D的词序不正确，必须用“疑问词+to do”的结构。
2． 【答案】D
【解析】句意：所有学生____知道对年长者大声吼叫是不礼貌的。从语气可知应该用“必须”。
3． 【答案】C
【解析】就时间进行提问用how long或者how much time，故选C。
4． 【答案】C
【解析】问句要问书和杂志能借多长时间。与how long搭配的“借”必须是延续性动词，keep作“借”讲时，是延续性动词。
5． 【答案】B
【解析】题考查疑问词后接动词不定式，由题意可知选B。
6． 【答案】C
【解析】句意：“妈妈，现在我可以去游泳吗?”“可以，亲爱的，但记得你必须要和你爸爸一起去。”本题考查情态动词。can意为“能，会，可以”；may意为“可以，可能”；must意为“必须，一定”。根据句意可知本题选择C。
7． 【答案】D
【解析】【略】。
8． 【答案】A
【解析】【略】。
9． 【答案】C
【解析】【略】。
10． 【答案】C
【解析】句意：如今，所有乘客在乘火车前____通过安检。故选C。
11． 【答案】B
【解析】由It's too late(太晚了). 可知说话人要表达“必须回家”的意思。
12． 【答案】C
【解析】句意：网上的风筝很便宜，但米莉不知道____他们。根据逻辑可知选C。
13． 【答案】A
【解析】decide to do sth.意为“决定做某事”，是固定搭配，由句意可知选A。
14． 【答案】C
【解析】what to do with sth.如何处理某物。
15． 【答案】D
【解析】句意为“我的父母总是告诉我多吃蔬菜和水果”。tell sb.to do sth.“告诉某人做某事”，是固定结构，动词不定式此处用作宾语补足语。
16． 【答案】D
【解析】Must…? 的否定回答应用don't have to或needn't。
17． 【答案】C
【解析】考查疑问词后跟动词不定式的用法。
18． 【答案】D
【解析】由题意可知表示“过去是”，固定搭配用used to do。
19． 【答案】D
【解析】make sb.do sth.意为“使某人做某事”。句意：他丢失了他的钥匙。这使他待在寒冷中等待他的妻子回来。故选D。
20． 【答案】B
【解析】分析题干可知，问句为含有宾语从句的主从复合句。宾语从句要用陈述语序，故可排除A、C 两项。再根据答语意思“当然，在这附近沿街有一家书店”可知，问句意思为“劳驾，你知道我能在哪儿买到一些明信片吗?”，故选B。
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