2020-2021学年上海市普陀区晋元高级中学高二下学期3月月考英语试题
第I卷
L.
Listening
Comprehension
Section
A
Directions:
In
Section
A,
you
will
hear
ten
short
conversations
between
two
speakers.
At
the
end
of
each
conversation,
question
will
be
asked
about
what
was
said.
The
conversation
and
the
questions
will
be
spoken
only
once.
After
you
hear
a
conversation
and
the
question
about
it,
read
the
four
possible
answers
on
your
paper,
and
decide
which
one
is
the
best
answer
to
the
question
you
have
heard.
1.
A.
At
2:30
B.at
2:00
C.At
1:30
D.At
1:00.
2.
A.
In
the
Shanghai
Museum.
B.
In
a
store.
C.
In
a
tunnel.
D.
In
a
taxi.
3.
A.
Doctor
and
patient.
B.
Lawyer
and
client
C.
Manager
and
customer.
D.
Passer-by
and
policeman.
4.
A
Listening
to
some
loud
music.
B.
Repairing
her
earphones:
C.
Talking
loudly
on
the
phone
D.
Writing
an
essay.
5
A.
More
sleep
can
get
the
man
onto
the
right
track.
B.
Tiredness
is
a
typical
symptom
of
lack
of
exercise
C.
The
man
should
spend
more
time
outdoors
D.
People
tend
to
work
longer
hours
with
artificial
lighting.
6.
A.
Jane
has
been
engaged
to
someone
working
in
the
library.
B.
The
man
shouldn't
bother
Jane
because
she
was
busy
C.
Jane-was
always
engaged
in
online
games
D.
Jane
is
the
person
to
take
care
of
the
IT
room.
7.
A.
She
doesn't
want
to
go
to
the
concert.
B.
She
is
eager
to
go
to
the
concert
C.
She
is
interested
in
American
songs.
D.
She
doesn't
like
music
at
all
8.
A.
David
stopped
his
project
halfway
B.
David's
project
didn't
get
any
financial
support.
C.
David
has
got
financial
support
from
the
government.
D.
David's
project
was
forced
to
stop
by
the
government.
9.
A.
The
man
can't
keep
the
appointment
at
3:15.
B.
The
man
wants
to
change
the
date
of
the
appointment.
C.
The
man
is
glad
he
can
get
in
touch
with
the
doctor.
D.
The
man
is
confused
about
the
date
of
the
appointment.
10.
A.
She
prefers
chemistry.
B.
She
has
not
got
a
partner
yet
C.
She
is
too
tired
of
chemistry.
D.She
is
too
busy
to
work
on
her
chemistry
course.
Directions:
In
Section
B,
you
will
hear
two
short
passages
and
one
longer
conversation,
and
you
will
be
asked
several
questions
on
each
of
the
passages
and
the
conversation.
The
passages
and
the
conversation
will
be
read
twice,
but
the
questions
will
be
spoken
only
once.
When
you
hear
a
question,
read
the
four
possible
answers
on
your
paper
and
decide
which
one
would
be
the
best
answer
to
the
question
you
have
heard
Questions
11
through
13
are
based
on
the
following
passage.
11.
A.
Flight
attendants.
B.
Airline
passengers.
C.
The
fire
brigade.
D.
Plane
manufacturers
12.
A.
CA4117
will
take
off
from
Chengdu
and
eventually
arrive
in
Beijing
B.
It
will
take
CA4117
more
than
three
hours
to
arrive
in
Xi'an.
C.
CA4117
will
travel
30,982
kilometres
for
the
whole
flight.
D.
The
average
speed
of
CA4117
is
10,000
kilometers
per
hour.
13.A.
Using
electronic
devices
during
landing
B.
Using
their
hands
to
pull
the
oxygen
mask.
C.
Using
laptop
computers
during
the
flight.
D.
Placing
the
oxygen
mask
below
their
nose.
Questions
14
through
16
are
based
on
the
following
passage.
14.
A.
Drinking
a
lot
of
alcohol.
B.
Going
shopping
in
stores.
C.
Gathering
around
tables
for
hotpot
D.
Eating
fried
food
and
barbecued
meat.
15.
A.
Movies
are
available
to
people
in
Shanghai
at
midnight.
B.
People
in
Hangzhou
attach
great
importance
to
dinner.
C.
A
total
of
nine
online
platforms
provided
data
for
the
report.
D.
People
in
Beijing
are
most
likely
to
order
Starbucks
in
the
afternoon
16.
A.
People's
eating
habits
in
different
regions
of
China.
B.
The
impact
of
mobile
payment
on
Chinese
people's'
lives.
C.
Different
nightlife
activities
among
residents
in
Chinese
cities.
D.
The
pressure
of
urban
life
brought
by
nightlife
activities.
Questions
17
through
20
are
based
on
the
following
conversation.
17.
A.
Showing
the
man
around
the
house.
B.
Selling
the
house
to
the
man.
C.
Persuading
the
man
to
buy
the
house.
D.
Inspecting
the
house
before
buying
it.
18.
A.
The
window
screen.
B.
The
area
to
store
wine.
C.
The
bedroom
and
the
attached
bathroom.
D.
The
colors
of
the
walls
and
floor
covering
19.
A.
It
may
not
secure
the
deal.
B.
It
is
beyond
her
means.
C.
It
is
higher
than
expected.
D.
It's
unrealistic.
20.
A.
People
tend
to
love
the
inside
of
the
house
though
its
outside
isn't
attractive.
B.
The
window
screen
enables
you
to
see
everything
clearly
from
the
street.
C.
The
house
agent
makes
an
attempt
to
cut
down
the
price
by
30,000
dollars.
D.
The
woman
has
to
contact
her
bank
before
the
owner
responds
to
the
offer.
II.
Grammar
and
Vocabulary
Section
A
Directions:
After
reading
the
passage
below,
fill
in
the
blanks
to
make
the
passage
coherent
and
r
the
blanks
with
a
given
word,
fill
in
each
blank
with
the
proper
form
of
the
given
word;
for
the
other
blanks,
use
one
word
that
best
fits
each
blank
A
well-known
landscape
photographer
Alexander
Henderson
was
born
in
Scotland
in
1831
and
was
the
son
of
a
successful
merchant.
He
spent
much
of
his
childhood
___1___
(play)
on
the
beach
or
fishing
in
the
streams
nearby.
In
1849
he
began
a
three-year
apprenticeship
to
become
an
accountant.
Although
he
never
liked
the
prospect
of
a
business
career,
he
stayed
with
it
___2___
(please)
his
family.
Learning
photography
in
Montreal
around
the
year
1857,
Henderson
quickly
took
___3___
up
as
a
serious
amateur.
Later,
he
became
a
personal
friend
and
colleague
of
the
Scottish
Canadian
photographer
William
Notman.
___4___
their
friendship,
their
styles
of
photography
were
quite
different.
While
Notman's
landscapes
___5___
(note)
for
their
bold
realism,
Henderson
for
the
first
20
years
of
his
career
produced
romantic
images.
___6___
he
published
his
first
major
collection
of
landscape
photographs
in
1865,
he
gained
great
fame
for
reflecting
the
romantic
British
landscape
tradition
in
his
works.
The
publication
had
limited
circulation
(only
seven
copies
have
ever
been
found),
where
the
contents
of
each
copy
___7___(vary)
significantly
and
proved
a
useful
source
for
evaluating
Henderson's
early
work.
In
1866,
he
gave
up
his
business
to
open
a
photographic
studio,
___8___
(advertise)
himself
as
portrait
and
landscape
photographer.
From
about
1870
he
dropped
portraiture
to
specialize
in
landscape
photography
and
other
views.
His
numerous
photographs
of
city
life
___9___
(reveal)
in
street
scenes,
houses,
and
markets
are
alive
with
human
activity.
There
was
sufficient
demand
for
these
types
of
scenes
and
others
he
took
depicting
the
pearl
trade,
steamboats
and
waterfalls
to
enable
him
to
make
a
living.
In
1892
Henderson
accepted
a
full-time
position
with
the
CPR
as
manager
of
a
photographic
department
___10___
he
was
to
set
up
and
administer.
That
summer
he
made
his
trip
west,
photographing
extensively
along
the
railway
line
as
far
as
Victoria.
He
continued
in
this
post
until
1897,
when
he
retired
completely
from
photography.
【答案】1.
playing
2.
to
please
3.
it
4.
Despite
5.
were
noted
6.
After
7.
varied
8.
advertising
9.
revealed
10.
that/which
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了著名的风景摄影师亚历山大·亨德森从事摄影并逐步成为摄影大师的经历。
【1题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：他童年的大部分时间都是在海滩上玩耍或在附近的小溪里钓鱼。spend
time
doing
sth意为“花时间做某事”，故填playing。
【2题详解】
考查不定式。句意：虽然他从来都不喜欢经商，但为了让家人高兴，他还是选择了经商。经商是为了让家人高兴，所以应用不定式作目的状语。故填to
please。
【3题详解】
考查代词。句意：1857年左右，亨德森在蒙特利尔学习摄影，很快就成为了一名真正的业余爱好者。代指前文提到的photography（摄影）应用代词it。故填it。
【4题详解】
考查介词。句意：尽管他们成了朋友，但他们的摄影风格却大不相同。“their
friendship”和“their
styles
of
photography
were
quite
different”构成转折关系，且friendship是名词，所以此处应用介词despite表示“尽管”。故填Despite。
【5题详解】
考查一般过去时和固定短语。句意：虽然诺特曼的风景画以其大胆的现实主义而闻名，亨德森在他职业生涯的头20年里创作浪漫的摄影作品。be
noted
for意为“以……闻名”，为固定短语。此处描述过去的事，应用一般过去时，主语为landscapes
，故填were
noted。
【6题详解】
考查连词。句意：1865年，他出版了第一本重要的风景摄影集后，因在作品中反映浪漫的英国风景传统而名声大噪。此处是指他出版了第一本摄影集后名声大噪。所以应用after表示“在……之后”。故填After。
【7题详解】
考查时态。句意：这份出版物发行量有限(迄今只找到了七份)，每份出版物的内容差异很大，被证明是评估亨德森早期作品的有用来源。此处描述过去的事，应用一般过去时。故填varied。
【8题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：1866年，他放弃了自己的生意，开了一家摄影工作室，宣传自己是肖像和风景摄影师。动词advertise主语he构成主动关系，所以应用现在分词作伴随状语。故填advertising。
【9题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：他拍摄了大量的城市生活照片，街道场景、房屋和市场都充满了人类的活动。动词reveal意为“显示”，和逻辑主语city
life构成被动关系，且动作已完成，应用过去分词作后置定语。故填revealed。
【10题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：1892年，亨德森接受了CPR的全职职位，担任他将要建立和管理的摄影部门的经理。定语从句“he
was
to
set
up
and
administer”中缺少宾语，且先行词为department，所以应用关系代词that或which。故填that/which。
Section
B
Directions:
Fill
in
each
blank
with
a
proper
word
chosen
from
the
box.
Each
word
can
be
used
only
once.
Note
that
there
is
one
word
more
than
you
need.
A.
habitable
B.
sensible
C.
potential
D.
compete
E.accommodate
F.
conceptG.
draw
H.
advocated
I.
survival
J.
expanse
K.
received
Mars
--
the
next
frontier
It
sounds
like
something
from
the
fields
of
science
fiction--a
space
expedition
into
the
vast
___11___
of
space,
heading
towards
the
Red
Planet.
While
we're
not
quite
ready
to
put
a
person
on
land,
the
question
we
ask
today
is:
why
are
so
many
countries
interested
in
going
to
Mars?
The
space
race
saw
the
USA
and
USSR___12___
to
achieve
firsts
in
spaceflight.
The
Soviet
Union
released
Sputnik
1,
an
artificial
satellite,
before
anyone
else,
and
the
US
landed
on
the
Moon
first.
Now
it
appears
that
Mars
is
the
celestial
body
of
desire.
While
the
honour
of
being
the
first
nation
to
touchdown
is
an
obvious
___13___
,
there
are
other
reasons
we
want
to
get
there.
One
of
these
could
be
the
___14___
of
our
species.
You
only
have
to
look
at
the
fossilised
remains
of
the
dinosaurs
to
see
the
benefit
of
finding
another
___15___
planet.
While
Mars
doesn't
have
the
right
conditions
to
call
it
home
just
yet,
there's
always
the
idea
of
terraforming--
changing
the
environment
of
a
planet
to
___16___
our
needs
to
live.
However,
not
everyone
agrees.
Leading
astrophysicist
Neil
deGrasse
Tyson
has
said
the
___17___of
altering
habitability
of
another
planet
because
of
the
damage
we
have
done
to
Earth
is
not
___18___
when
we
can
simply
terraform
Earth.
It
seems
he
main
reason
at
the
moment
is
the
search
for
signs
of
life.
It
has
long
been
believed
that,
at
one
time,
Mars
was
abundant
with
life.
Now
seemingly
dead,
the
___19___
fossils
could
answer
questions
about
our
own
evolution
and
that
of
our
planet.
One
theory
is
that
bacterial
life
on
our
planet
didn't
start
here,
but
was
transferred
via
asteroid
(小行星)
from
Mars.
One
benefit
___20___
by
scientists
like
Neil
deGrasse
Tyson
is
that
landing
on
Mars
may
inspire
more
people
to
become
interested
in
science
and
astronomy.
Surely
inspiring
a
new
generation
to
visit
the
stars
is
reason
enough.
【答案】11.
J
12.
D
13.
G
14.
I
15.
A
16.
E
17.
F
18.
B
19.
C
20.
H
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章提出了移居火星，使火星变成宜居星球的概念，并介绍了人们对此概念的看法。
【11题详解】
考查名词。句意：这听起来像是科幻小说中的情节——对广阔的太空进行太空探险，向红色星球进发。根据“heading
towards
the
Red
Planet”可知，此处是指对广阔的太空进行太空探险。名词expanse意为“宽阔，广阔的区域”。故选J。
【12题详解】
考查动词。句意：在太空竞赛中，美国和苏联竞相实现太空飞行的第一。根据“to
achieve
firsts
in
spaceflight”可知，此处是指比赛。see
sb
do
sth意为“看到某人做某事的全过程”，动词compete意为“比赛”。故选D。
【13题详解】
考查名词。句意：作为第一个触地得分的国家的荣誉显然是一种平局，但我们想要达到这个目标还有其他原因。根据前文“The
Soviet
Union
released
Sputnik
1,
an
artificial
satellite,
before
anyone
else,
and
the
US
landed
on
the
Moon
first.”（苏联首先发射了人造卫星Sputnik
1号，美国率先登陆月球。）可知，太空竞赛的结果是平局。名词draw意为“平局”。故选G。
【14题详解】
考查名词。句意：其中之一可能是人类的生存。根据“You
only
have
to
look
at
the
fossilised
remains
of
the
dinosaurs”（你只要看看恐龙的化石残骸就知道了）可知，此处是指为了人类的生存。名词survival意为“生存”。故选I。
【15题详解】
考查形容词。句意：你只需要看看恐龙的化石残骸，就能看到寻找另一个宜居星球的好处。根据后文“While
Mars
doesn't
have
the
right
conditions
to
call
it
home
just
yet”（尽管火星目前还没有合适的条件作为家园）可知，此处是指寻找另一个宜居星球的好处。形容词habitable意为“适于居住的”。故选A。
【16题详解】
考查动词。句意：虽然火星目前还没有适合居住的条件，但地球化的想法一直存在——改变行星的环境以适应我们的生活需求。根据“changing
the
environment
of
a
planet”和“our
needs
to
live”可知，此处是指改变行星的环境以适应我们的生活需求。动词accommodate意为“适应”。故选E。
【17题详解】
考查名词。句意：著名天体物理学家尼尔·德格拉斯·泰森曾表示，如果我们可以简单地将地球改造得宜居，那么因为我们对地球的破坏而改变另一个星球的可居住性的想法是不合理的。“altering
habitability
of
another
planet”是一个概念。名词concept意为“概念”。故选F。
【18题详解】
考查形容词。句意：著名天体物理学家尼尔·德格拉斯·泰森曾表示，如果我们可以简单地将地球改造得宜居，那么因为我们对地球的破坏而改变另一个星球的可居住性的想法是不合理的。根据“However,
not
everyone
agrees.
”（然而，并不是每个人都同意。）可知，尼尔·德格拉斯·泰森认为地球化的概念是不合理的。形容词sensible意为“合理的”。故选B。
【19题详解】
考查形容词。句意：这些看似已经死亡的潜在的化石可以回答关于我们自身和地球进化的问题。化石有很多还没挖掘出来，所以是“潜在的”。故选C。
【20题详解】
考查动词。句意：像尼尔·德格拉斯·泰森这样的科学家倡导的一个好处是，登陆火星可能会激发更多的人对科学和天文学产生兴趣。这个好处是科学家们倡导的。动词advocate意为“倡导”。故选H。
III.
Reading
Comprehension
Section
A
Directions:
For
each
blank
in
the
following
passages
there
are
four
words
or
phrases
marked
A,
B
C
and
D.
Fill
in
each
blank
with
the
word
or
phrase
that
best
fits
the
context.
Moral
sentiments
count
Organizations
and
societies
rely
on
fines
and
rewards
to
control
people's
self-interest
in
the
service
of
the
common
good.
The
___21___
of
a
ticket
keeps
drivers
in
line,
and
the
promise
of
a
bonus
inspires
high
performance.
But
incentives
(激励)
can
also
___22___,
minifying
the
very
behavior
they're
meant
to
encourage.
A
generation
ago
Richard
Titmuss
claimed
that
paying
people
to
donate
blood
___23___
the
supply.
Economists
were
skeptical,
citing
a
lack
of
scientific
evidence.
But
since
then,
new
data
and
models
have
prompted
a
sea
change
in
how
economists
think
about
incentives--showing,
among
other
things,
that
Titmuss
was
right
in
so
many
cases
that
businesses
should
___24___.
Experimental
economists
have
found
that
offering
to
pay
women
for
donating
blood
decreases
the
number
willing
to
donate
by
almost
half,
and
that
letting
them
contribute
the
payment
to
charity
___25___
the
effect.
Dozens
of
recent
experiments
show
that
rewarding
self-interest
with
economic
incentives
can
have
the
opposite
result
when
they
destroy
what
Adam
Smith
called
"the
moral
sentiments(情绪)”.
The
psychology
here
has
escaped
blackboard
economists,
but
it
will
be
no
surprise
to
people
in
business:
When
we
take
a
job
or
buy
a
car,
we
are
not
only
trying
to
get
stuff--
we
are
also
trying
to
be
a
certain
kind
of
person.
___26___
,
people
desire
to
be
respected
by
others
as
ethical
and
___27___.
And
they
don't
want
to
be
taken
for
losers.
Rewarding
blood
donations
may
not
serve
the
intended
purpose
because
it
suggests
that
the
donor
is
less
interested
in
being
___28___
than
in
making
a
dollar.
Incentives
also
run
into
trouble
when
they
signal
that
the
employer
___29___
the
employee
or
is
greedy.
Close
supervision
of
workers
coupled
with
_____30_____
for
performance
is
textbook
economics,
but
it
can
lead
to
the
depression
of
employees.
Perhaps
most
important,
incentives
affect
what
our
actions
signal,
whether
we're
being
self-interested
or
civic-minded,
manipulated
or
trusted
and
they
can
imply--sometimes
wrongly--what
_____31_____
us.
Fines
or
public
criticism
that
appeal
to
our
moral
sentiments
by
signaling
social
disapproval
(think
of
littering)
can
be
highly
effective.
But
incentives
go
wrong
when
they
_____32_____
or
diminish
our
ethical
sensibilities.
This
does
not
mean
it's
_____33_____
to
appeal
to
self-interested
and
ethical
motivations
at
the
same
time--just
that
efforts
to
do
so
often
fail.
_____34_____
,
policies
support
socially
valued
ends
not
only
by
controlling
self-interest
but
also
by
encouraging
public-spiritedness.
The
small
tax
on
plastic
grocery
bags
passed
by
law
in
Ireland
in
2002
that
resulted
in
their
virtual
elimination
appears
to
have
had
such
an
effect.
It
punished
offenders
_____35_____
while
conveying
a
moral
message.
Carrying
a
plastic
bag
joined
wearing
a
fur
coat
in
the
gallery
of
anti-social
anachronisms.
21.
A.
temptation
B.
threat
C.
value
D.
equivalent
22.
A.
overflow
B.
backfire
C.
survive
D.
work
23.
A.
reduced
B.
affected
C.
afforded
D.
balanced
24.
A.
cut
back
B.
stand
by
C.
take
note
D.
hold
on
25.
A.
cause
B.
reverse
C.
take
D.
detect
26.
A.
In
other
words
B.
On
the
contrary
C.
By
contrast
D.
In
addition
27.
A.
dignified
B.
determined
C.
dignified
D.
discouraged
28.
A.
unselfish
B.
ambitious
C.
thoughtful
D.
aggressive
29.
A.
boasts
B.
values
C.
encourages
D.
mistrusts
30.
A.
requirement
B.
criticism
C.
implication
D.
reward
31.
A.
supports
B.
threatens
C.
motivates
D.
changes
32.
A.
refine
B.
offend
C.
control
D.
arouse
33.
A.
impossible
B.
strange
C.
necessary
D.
abnormal
34.
A.
Rarely
B.
Occasionally
C.
Surprisingly
D.
Ideally
35.
A.
publicly
B.
severely
C.
monetarily
D.
mildly
【答案】21.
B
22.
B
23.
A
24.
C
25.
B
26.
B
27.
C
28.
A
29.
A
30.
D
31.
C
32.
B
33.
A
34.
D
35.
C
【解析】
【分析】本文是议论文。本文就经济激励产生适得其反结果的现象做了深入探讨。。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：交通违章罚款单的威胁可使驾车者保持队列，而关于奖金红利的许诺可以激发高业绩。A.temptation诱惑；B.threat威胁；C.value价值；D.equivalent对等的人；当量。根据上文“Organizations
and
societies
rely
on
fines
and
rewards
to
control
people's
self-interest
in
the
service
of
the
common
good.”可知，各类组织和团体依靠罚款和奖金来控制人们在公益服务中的自私自利。因此推断交通罚单的威胁可以让司机有秩序。故选B。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是激励也可能产生适得其反的结果——减少原本想要鼓励的行为。
A.overflow溢出；B.backfire适得其反；C.survive幸存；D.work工作。根据下文“minifying
the
very
behavior
they're
meant
to
encourage.”可知，激励减少了原本要鼓励的行为，因此产生了适得其反的结果。故选B。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：约20——30年之前，理查德·蒂特马斯(Richard
Titmuss)声称，付钱让人们献血会减少血液供应。A.reduced减少；B.affected影响；C.afforded给予；提供；D.balanced保持稳定。根据上文“But
incentives
(激励)
can
also
___2___,
minifying
the
very
behavior
they're
meant
to
encourage.”可知，激励可以产生适得其反的结果，减少原本要激励的行为，因此推断付钱让人们献血会减少供应。故选A。
【24题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：但自那以后，新的数据和模型促使经济学家对激励的看法发生了翻天覆地的变化——这表明，蒂特马斯在很多情况下都是正确的，企业应该注意到这一点。A.cut
back削减；B.stand
by支持；袖手旁观；C.take
note注意到；记笔记；D.hold
on等一下；继续。根据上文“Titmuss
was
right
in
so
many
cases”可推断，蒂特马斯在很多情况下都是正确，因此企业应该注意。故选C。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。
句意：实验经济学家发现，给捐血女性提供报酬使愿意捐血的人数减少了将近一半，而让她们将捐血所得贡献给福利事业扭转了这个局面。A.cause导致；B.reverse撤销；颠倒；C.take拿；取；D.detect发现；觉察。根据第一段的“But
incentives
(激励)
can
also
___2___,
minifying
the
very
behavior
they're
meant
to
encourage.”可推断，激励会产生适得其反的结果，因此推断给捐血的女性报酬没有更多的人献血，但是让她们把捐血所得给福利事业就扭转了局面。故选B。
【26题详解】
考查固定短语辨析。
句意：恰恰相反，人们希望受到他人尊重，希望被看作是具有高尚道德和有尊严的人。
A.In
other
words换句话说；B.On
the
contrary恰恰相反；C.By
contrast相比之下；D.In
addition此外。根据上文“Dozens
of
recent
experiments
show
that
rewarding
self-interest
with
economic
incentives
can
have
the
opposite
result
when
they
destroy
what
Adam
Smith
called
"the
moral
sentiments(情绪)”.”可知，大量近期的实验表明，当激励损害了亚当·斯密所说的“道德情操”时，以经济激励奖赏私利可能产生适得其反的结果。因此推断，相反的，人们希望受到他人尊重，希望被看作是具有高尚道德和美好情操的人。故选B。
【27题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。
句意：恰恰相反，人们希望受到他人尊重，希望被看作是具有高尚道德和有尊严的人。
A.dignified有尊严的；B.determined意志坚定的；C.dignified庄严的；D.discouraged灰心的。根据上文“people
desire
to
be
respected
by
others”可知，人们希望受到他人尊重，希望被看作是具有高尚道德和有尊严的人。故选C。
【28题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。
句意：奖励献血可能达不到预期的目的，是因为它暗含“捐血者对无私奉献的兴趣少于对挣钱的热衷”之意。
A.unselfish无私的；慷慨的；B.ambitious雄心勃勃的；C.thoughtful体贴的；D.aggressive咄咄逼人的。根据上文“letting
them
contribute
the
payment
to
charity”可知，此处说的是无私奉献与挣钱进行对比。故选A。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当激励暗示雇主夸耀雇员或贪婪时，激励也会遇到麻烦。A.boasts自吹自擂；夸耀；B.values重视；C.encourages鼓励；D.mistrusts不信任。由下文的“greedy”可推断，此处表示雇主过分夸耀雇工，激励也会遇到麻烦，故选A。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：密切监督员工并对其表现进行奖励是典型的经济学，但这可能会导致员工的抑郁。
A.requirement要求；B.criticism批评；C.implication暗示；D.reward奖赏。根据下文“for
performance
is
textbook
economics”和常识可知，员工会因为好的表现被给予奖励。故选D。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：或许最为重要的是，激励影响我们的行为所传达的信息：我们是自私自利还是热心公益，被操控还是被信任，而且激励可以暗示——有时错误地暗示——我们的动机是什么。
A.supports支持；B.threatens威胁；C.motivates激励；D.change改变。由破折号后对前文“whether
we're
being
self-interested
or
civic-minded,
manipulated
or
trusted
（我们是自私自利还是热心公益，被操控还是被信任）”解释说明可知，此处说的是是什么激励了我们。故选C。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。
句意：通过传达社会的不赞同来启发我们的道德情操的罚款或者公开批评（如乱丢垃圾)颇具成效。可是一旦触犯或者削弱了我们的道德感情，激励就会出问题。A.refine改善；B.offend冒犯；C.control控制；D.arouse引起。由But可推断，上下文是转折关系，根据上文“Fines
or
public
criticism
that
appeal
to
our
moral
sentiments
by
signaling
social
disapproval
(think
of
littering)
can
be
highly
effective.”可推断，触犯或者削弱道德情感会让激励出问题。故选B。
【33题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。
句意：这并不意味着同时启发自私自利且合乎道德的动机是不可能的——只是这样的努力往往以失败告终。
A.impossible不可能的；B.strange奇怪的；C.necessary必要的；D.abnormal不正常的。根据下文“policies
support
socially
valued
ends
not
only
by
controlling
self-interest
but
also
by
encouraging
public-spiritedness.(
政策不但要通过治理自私，而且要通过鼓励公共道德来拥护社会上受重视的目标)”可知，这并不意味着同时启发自私自利且合乎道德的动机是不可能的。故选A。
【34题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。
句意：理想的状况下，政策不但要通过治理自私，而且要通过鼓励公共道德来拥护社会上受重视的目标。A.Rarely很少；B.Occasionally偶尔；C.Surprisingly出人意料地；D.Ideally理想地。根据常识可知，既治理了自私又鼓励了公共道德是理想的。故选D。
【35题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。
句意：它在从金钱上惩罚违规者的同时，也传达了一种道德信息。
A.publicly公然地；B.severely严重地；
C.monetarily财政地；从金钱上；
D.mildly温和地。根据上文“The
small
tax
on
plastic
grocery
bags
passed
by
law
in
Ireland
in
2002
that
resulted
in
their
virtual
elimination
appears
to
have
had
such
an
effect.（2002年爱尔兰通过的向塑料杂货袋征收小额税款（的法案)取得了实际上消除塑料袋的结果，这似乎就起到了这样的效果。）”可知，从金钱上惩罚了冒犯者。故选C。
Section
B
Directions:
Read
the
following
three
passages.
Each
passage
is
followed
by
several
questions
or
unfinished
statements.
For
each
of
them
there
are
four
choices
marked
A,
B,
C
and
D.
Choose
the
one
that
fits
best
according
to
the
information
given
in
the
passage
you
have
just
read.
(A)
Wonder
material
Maurice
Ward
and
his
family
ran
ladies'
hairdresser’s
in
Yorkshire,
England.
Ward
was
an
inventor
by
nature
and
liked
to
mix
his
own
hair
dyes
and
products,
claiming
that
they
were
more
effective
than
the
products
supplied
by
cosmetics
manufacturers
like
L'Oreal
and
Garnier.
In
the
1980s
his
inventiveness
found
a
new
outlet
when
he
bought
an
industrial
extruder--a
machine
that
forms
plastics-and
began
experimenting
with
making
different
types
of
sheet
plastic.
Then
in
1985
something
happened
which
was
to
change
his
life.
A
British
Airtours
plane
bound
for
Corfu
caught
fire
at
Manchester
Airport
just
before
it
took
off.
Although
the
plane
was
still
on
the
ground,
the
results
of
the
fire
were
destructive
within
forty
seconds,
55
of
the
people
inside
died
from
smoke
and
poisonous
air
breathed
in.
Ward
determined
that
he
would
make
a
material
that
would
be
much
more
fire-resistant
than
the
plastics
from
which
the
interior
was
largely
constructed.
He
began
trying
out
different
mixtures
in
a
kitchen
food
blender.
When
he
found
a
formulation
that
looked
promising,
he
would
shape
it
into
sheet
form
and
then
test
its
fire
resistance.
The
results
got
better
and
better
until
finally
he
hit
on
a
material
that
would
resist
temperatures
of
2,
500
C,
not
give
off
poisonous
air
and
still
remain
cool
enough
to
be
touched.
Starlite
was
born
Yet
here
we
are,
thirty
years
on,
and
Starlite
is
still
an
unpatented
and
unexploited
material.
So
what
went
wrong?
Naturally
Ward
kept
the
formula
a
secret.
He
never
wrote
it
down,
only
telling
the
exact
proportions
of
its
21
ingredients
to
a
few
of
his
closest
family
members.
He
refused
to
apply
for
a
patent,
since
that
would
involve
revealing
its
composition.
No
one
else
was
allowed
to
analyse
it
nor
was
any
company
given
a
sample
for
fear
that
they
might
reverse-engineer
it.
Consequently,
no
deal
was
ever
struck
and
in
May
2011
Maurice
Ward
died.
It
would
be
incorrect
to
say
that
he
took
his
secret
to
the
grave
because
some
of
the
family
still
know
it,
but
he
certainly
took
his
own
dreams
of
personal
wealth
and
fame
with
him.
Why?
Was
it
greed?
Was
it
that,
as
an
amateur,
he
felt
a
lack
of
respect
from
the
scientific
community?
Or
was
he
simply
too
protective
of
his
idea
to
share
it
with
others?
We
may
never
know.
What
is
certain
is
that
his
loss
is
the
world’s
loss,
too.
36.
What
can
we
most
probably
infer
about
Maurice
Ward
according
to
the
passage?
A.
He
preferred
fame
to
money.
B.
He
was
born
with
a
creative
spirit.
C.
He
opposed
established
institutions.
D.
He
got
his
genius
partly
from
his
parents.
37.
How
did
Ward
develop
Starlite?
A.
He
converted
it
in
the
kitchen
food
blender.
B.
He
found
the
material
from
the
interior
of
planes.
C.
He
got
inspiration
from
the
hair
dyes
and
products.
D.
He
experimented
with
materials
and
examined
their
fire-resistance.
38.
Which
of
the
following
statements
about
Starlite
is
TRUE?
A.
Its
secret
died
with
Maurice
Ward.
B.
It
gets
warmer
than
plastics
when
heated.
C.
It
could
have
brought
Maurice
great
wealth.
D.
Some
company
reverse-engineered
it
without
permission.
39.
We
can
learn
from
the
passage
that
_______
.
A.
Innovation
requires
lots
of
efforts
and
deserves
protection
B.
The
protectiveness
of
an
invention
may
cause
the
world
great
losses.
C.
The
big
companies'
ill
intentions
are
to
blame
for
the
loss
of
Starlite.
D.
The
neglect
of
talented
people
may
cost
the
world
valuable
discoveries.
【答案】36.
B
37.
D
38.
C
39.
B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Maurice
Ward天生就是个发明家，直到他发明了蓝锆石，却因为他对该发明的过度保护，使得在他去世多年后，这仍然是一种未经专利和开发的材料，这对世界来说是巨大的损失。
【36题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“Ward
was
an
inventor
by
nature
and
liked
to
mix
his
own
hair
dyes
and
products,
claiming
that
they
were
more
effective
than
the
products
supplied
by
cosmetics
manufacturers
like
L'Oreal
and
Garnier.（Ward天生就是个发明家，喜欢把自己的染发剂和产品混合在一起，声称它们比欧莱雅和卡尼尔等化妆品制造商提供的产品更有效。）”和下文内容可知，Ward生来就有创造精神。故选B项。
【37题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“When
he
found
a
formulation
that
looked
promising,
he
would
shape
it
into
sheet
form
and
then
test
its
fire
resistance.
The
results
got
better
and
better
until
finally
he
hit
on
a
material
that
would
resist
temperatures
of
2,
500
C,
not
give
off
poisonous
air
and
still
remain
cool
enough
to
be
touched.
Starlite
was
born.（当他发现一种看起来有希望的配方时，他就把它做成片状，然后测试它的防火性能。结果越来越好，直到最后他找到了一种材料，可以抵抗2500摄氏度的温度，不释放有毒的空气，仍然保持足够的凉爽，以供触摸。蓝锆石诞生了。）”可知，他对材料做了实验，并检查了它们的耐火性能，这样蓝锆石诞生了。故选D项。
【38题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“He
refused
to
apply
for
a
patent,
since
that
would
involve
revealing
its
composition.
No
one
else
was
allowed
to
analyse
it
nor
was
any
company
given
a
sample
for
fear
that
they
might
reverse-engineer
it.（他拒绝申请专利，因为这将涉及到揭示其成分。没有人被允许分析它，也没有给任何公司提供样本，因为他们担心可能会对它进行逆向工程。）”和最后一段“It
would
be
incorrect
to
say
that
he
took
his
secret
to
the
grave
because
some
of
the
family
still
know
it,
but
he
certainly
took
his
own
dreams
of
personal
wealth
and
fame
with
him.（如果说他把自己的秘密带进了坟墓，那是不正确的，因为家里的一些人知道，但他确实把自己追求个人财富和名声的梦想也带走了。）”可知，Maurice本可以从蓝锆石的发明中得到一大笔财富，但由于他生前拒绝给蓝锆石申请专利，也没有把成分公之于众，所以他没有得到相应的财富和名声。故选C项。
【39题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“What
is
certain
is
that
his
loss
is
the
world’s
loss,
too.（可以肯定的是，他的损失也是全世界的损失。）”和文章内容可知，Ward发明了对人类发展极其有用的蓝锆石，但是由于对自己发明的过度保护，使得这项发明在他去世多年后仍然是一种未经专利和开发的材料，这对世界来说是一种损失。因此我们可以推断，对一项发明的保护可能会给世界带来巨大的损失。故选B项。
(B)
Things
you
need
to
know
about
your
STRESS
right
now
After
60
years
of
research,
scientists
have
determined
what
provokes
stress.
There's
even
a
handy
acronym:
NUTS.
N
is
for
Novelty:
This
is
something
new
you've
not
experienced
before,
like
the
first
day
of
school
or
a
new
job.
U
is
for
Unpredictability:
When
you
don't
know
how
something
is
going
to
take
shape,
as
is
the
case
during
a
trip
to
the
dentist.
T
is
for
Threat
to
the
Ego:
When
your
competence
is
threatened,
such
as
in
front
of
colleagues.
We're
very
sensitive
to
this.
S
is
for
Sense
of
Control:
When
you
feel
you
have
little
or
no
control
over
the
situation,
like
being
stuck
in
traffic.
It's
helpful
to
identify
your
sources
of
stress,
because
a
problem
well-defined
is
a
problem
almost
solved.
The
opposite
of
stress
is
not
relaxation---it's
resilience.
If
you
tell
your
brain
that
you
can
deal
with
this,
it
will
stop
producing
the
stress
hormone
and
you
will
calm
down
Get
on
your
bike!
As
various
bits
of
research
have
shown,
cycling
will
lower
your
stress
levels,
whether
you're
doing
a
quick
errand
or
committing
to
a
lifetime
on
two
wheels.
15
MINUTES
LATER
A
2013
study
out
of
Japan
showed
a
marked
drop
in
people's
stress
levels
after
they
pedalled
for
just
15
minutes
on
a
stationary
bike.
AN
HOUR
LATER
Researchers
found
in
2015
that,
compared
to
their
cycling
colleagues,
those
who
drove
or
took
the
subway
breathed
more
shallowly
an
hour
later---a
sure
sign
of
stress.
18
YEARS
LATER
After
following
17,985
adult
commuters
for
18
years,
U.K.
researchers
discovered
in
2014
that
those
who
walked
or
biked
reported
being
happier,
more
confident
and
better
able
to
face
their
problems.
①____________
In
a
2015
study,
researchers
subjected
66
teen
girls
to
a
stress
test.
Some
of
them
held
their
mothers'
hands
during
the
test;
others
had
to
go
it
alone.
The
girls
who
had
contact
with
their
moms
were
able
to
manage
stress
more
effectively.
It's
what
psychologists
refer
to
as
emotional
load
sharing.
②____________
In
a
2007
UCLA
study,
some
patients
hospitalized
for
heart
failure
spent
12
minutes
with
a
therapy
dog,
while
another
group
interacted
with
a
volunteer.
The
dog
crowd
experienced
greater
decreases
in
their
anxiety
level
compared
to
those
patients
whose
visitors
could
actually
talk
back.
40.
__________---may
suffer
the
most
stress
relatively.
A.
Luna,
19--she
has
well
prepared
for
her
first
internship
with
the
help
of
her
mother.
B.
Tom,
29-his
first
day
of
work
starts
at
9:
00
am,
but
he's
in
a
traffic
jam
at
8:
50
am.
C.
Karol,
39-she
finally
had
her
decayed
tooth
pulled
out
last
Thursday
at
the
dentist's.
D.
Jenny,
49-her
colleagues
are
planning
to
give
her
a
farewell
party
and
she's
in
the
dark.
41.
Which
chart
can
best
illustrate
the
effect
of
cycling
?
A.
B.
C.
D.
42.
Which
of
the
following
may
best
suit
the
numbered
blanks?
A.
①Raise
your
hand!
②Find
a
volunteer
companion!
B.
①Raise
your
hand!
②Get
a
furry
companion!
C.
①
Hug
your
family!
②
Get
furry
companion!
D.
①Hug
your
family!
②Find
a
volunteer
companion!
【答案】40.
B
41.
C
42.
C
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家对压力的研究。
【40题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第二段“N
is
for
Novelty:
This
is
something
new
you've
not
experienced
before,
like
the
first
day
of
school
or
a
new
job.(
N代表新鲜感：指的是你从未经历过的新鲜事物，比如开学第一天或开始一份新工作时)”和第五段“S
is
for
Sense
of
Control:
When
you
feel
you
have
little
or
no
control
over
the
situation,
like
being
stuck
in
traffic.(
S是控制感：当你觉得自己几乎无法控制局面时，比如被堵在路上)”可推断，B选择项汤姆第一天去上班却遇到堵车，所以他的压力是N+S这两方面的，因此承受的压力可能最大，而其他三人承担的都是单方面的压力，故选B。
【41题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章Get
on
your
bike!
下的内容“A
2013
study
out
of
Japan
showed
a
marked
drop
in
people's
stress
levels
after
they
pedalled
for
just
15
minutes
on
a
stationary
bike.(2013年日本的一项研究表明，人们在固定自行车上骑15分钟后，压力水平就显著下降)”可知，骑自行车人的压力水平在15分钟后明显下降，而非1小时候明显下降。所以A图错误；根据“Researchers
found
in
2015
that,
compared
to
their
cycling
colleagues,
those
who
drove
or
took
the
subway
breathed
more
shallowly
an
hour
later---a
sure
sign
of
stress.(
2015年，研究人员发现，与骑自行车的同事相比，开车或乘地铁的人晚一个小时呼吸更浅，这是压力的明显迹象)”可知，如果晚点的话，乘地铁的人要比骑自行车的人的压力增加得多，所以B图错误；
根据“After
following
17,985
adult
commuters
for
18
years,
U.K.
researchers
discovered
in
2014
that
those
who
walked
or
biked
reported
being
happier,
more
confident
and
better
able
to
face
their
problems.(在对17985名成年通勤者进行了18年的跟踪调查后，英国研究人员在2014年发现，走路或骑自行车的人更快乐，更自信，也更能面对自己的问题)”可推断，18年后，走路或骑自行车的人压力压力更小，而开车的人压力增加。所以C图正确，D图错误。故选C。
【42题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章倒数第二段“Some
of
them
held
their
mothers'
hands
during
the
test(有些人在考试时牵着妈妈的手)”和“The
girls
who
had
contact
with
their
moms
were
able
to
manage
stress
more
effectively.(
与母亲有接触的女孩能够更有效地管理压力)”可知，本段介绍与家人亲密接触可以减轻压力，所以Hug
your
family!
(拥抱你的家人吧!)适合放在①处；根据文章最后一段“In
a
2007
UCLA
study,
some
patients
hospitalized
for
heart
failure
spent
12
minutes
with
a
therapy
dog,
while
another
group
interacted
with
a
volunteer.
The
dog
crowd
experienced
greater
decreases
in
their
anxiety
level
compared
to
those
patients
whose
visitors
could
actually
talk
back.(
在2007年加州大学洛杉矶分校的一项研究中，一些因心力衰竭住院的患者与治疗犬呆了12分钟，而另一组患者则与志愿者互动。与那些来访者能够顶嘴的患者相比，有狗陪伴的患者的焦虑水平下降的幅度更大)”可知，宠物的陪伴可以减轻患者的焦虑。所以Get
furry
companion!(毛茸茸的伴侣!)
适合放在②处。故选C。
(C)
Bretton
Woods
revisited
On
July
22,
1944,
as
allied
troops
were
racing
across
Normandy
to
liberate
Paris,
representatives
of
44
nations
meeting
at
the
Mount
Washington
resort
in
Bretton
Woods,
New
Hampshire,
created
a
financial
and
monetary
system
for
the
postwar
era,
referred
to
as
Bretton
Woods
system.
John
Maynard
Keynes,
leader
of
the
British
delegation,
was
playing
a
tricky
dual
role.
He
had
proposed
a
new
monetary
system
to
free
the
world
from
the
Great
Depression.
He
hoped
that
the
new
monetary
system,
would
be
the
international
pillar
for
the
series
of
domestic
measures
that
came
to
be
known
as
Keynesian—the
use
of
public
spending
to
cure
depression
and
the
regulation
of
financial
markets
to
prevent
downturns
caused
by
failed
private
financial
investments.
Keynes
was
also
hoping
to
restore
Britain's
prewar
position
as
a
leading
industrial
and
financial
power.
His
two
roles
overlapped,
but
far
from
perfectly
The
Americans
shared
the
British
desire
to
restore
world
growth,
but
not
to
preserve
Britain's
empire.
Keynes
wrote
to
his
colleague
after
the
conference
that
in
the
new
International
Monetary
Fund,
“we
have
in
truth
got
both
in
substance
and
in
phrasing
all
that
we
could
reasonably
hope
for.”
The
new
World
Bank,
Keynes
declared,
offered
"grand
possibilities”.
The
Americans
are
virtually
committing
themselves
to
quite
huge
untied
loans
for
reconstruction
and
development.
Yet
in
many
respects,
Bretton
Woods
was
failure
for
Keynes
and
the
British.
America
today
is
often
described
as
the
only
surviving
superpower,
but
in
1944
U.S.
supremacy
was
towering.
Germany
and
Japan
were
on
the
edge
of
ruin.
Britain
had
gone
massively
into
debt.
The
Russians
had
lost
tens
of
millions
of
soldiers
and
civilians.
America
was
unharmed,
its
casualties
were
modest
by
comparison,
it
held
most
of
the
world's
financial
reserves,
and
its
industrial
plant
was
mightier
than
ever.
Though
Keynes
inspired
Bretton
Woods,
the
Americans
won
the
day.
In
most
matters,
a
rival
design
by
Keynes's
American
counterpart,
Harry
Dexter
White,
prevailed.
White,
a
left-wing
New
Dealer
serving
as
No.
2
man
at
the
Department
of
Treasury,
shared
Keynes's
basic
views
on
money.
But
the
White
plan
provided
a
far
more
modest
fund
and
bank.
Instead
of
the
generous
extension
of
wartime
lend-lease
aid
that
Keynes
was
promoting,
the
British
had
to
settle
for
an
American
loan,
to
be
repaid
with
interest.
The
Bretton
Woods
system
was
welcomed
as
a
vast
improvement
over
both
the
rigid
gold
standard
of
pre-1914
and
the
monetary
disorder
of
the
interwar
period.
For
a
quarter-century,
Bretton
Woods
enhanced
a
rare
period
of
steady
growth,
full
employment,
and
financial
stability.
But
in
many
respects,
the
boastful
role
of
the
World
Bank,
the
International
Monetary
Fund,
and
the
Bretton
Woods
rules
specifying
fixed
exchange
rates
was
a
convenient
illusion.
The
system's
true
pillar
was
the
United
States
the
U.S.
dollar
as
global
currency;
the
U.S.
economy
as
the
consumer
market
for
other
nations'
exports;
and
U.S.
recovery
aid
in
the
form
of
the
Marshall
Plan,
which
dwarfed
the
function
of
the
World
Bank.
In
the
early
1970s,
the
Bretton
Woods
system
came
crashing
down
when
domestic
inflation
forced
the
United
States
to
devalue
its
own
currency
and
cease
playing
the
dominant
role.
Monetary
instability
and
slower
growth
followed.
43.
What
can
we
infer
from
the
underlined
sentence
in
paragraph
3?
A.
Keynes
was
satisfied
with
the
outcome
of
the
conference.
B.
Keynes
further
explained
the
idea
of
monetary
reform
he
presented.
C.
Keynes
emphasized
the
importance
of
having
a
new
World
Bank.
D.
Keynes
pointed
out
the
important
role
America
played
in
postwar
era.
44.
According
to
the
passage,
Keynes
and
White
had
different
views
on_____.
A.
the
roles
of
US
and
Britain
in
postwar
era.
B.
the
basic
principles
related
to
loans.
C.
the
timing
and
target
of
giving
fund.
D.
the
interest
rate
British
banks
should
offer.
45.
According
to
the
passage,
which
of
the
following
statement
is
TRUE?
A.
The
Bretton
Woods
system
improved
the
rigid
gold
standard
of
the
interwar
period.
B.
International
Monetary
Fund
dominated
the
world
market
in
many
fields.
C.
The
Bretton
Woods
system
largely
depended
on
the
US
economic
success.
D.
Many
countries
received
financial
aid
from
the
World
Bank.
46.
The
passage
is
mainly
about
_____.
A.
the
role
of
economy
in
the
postwar
era.
B.
two
types
of
postwar
diplomacy
and
their
results.
C
an
individual's
contribution
to
the
postwar
world.
D.
the
development
of
a
financial
system
and
its
impact.
【答案】43.
A
44.
B
45.
C
46.
D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了战后金融和货币体系——Bretton
Woods体系的起源和发展，以及这一体系对英国和美国的影响。
【43题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中“The
new
World
Bank,
Keynes
declared,
offered
"grand
possibilities”.
The
Americans
are
virtually
committing
themselves
to
quite
huge
untied
loans
for
reconstruction
and
development.
(Keynes宣称，新的世界银行提供了“巨大的可能性”。美国人实际上承诺为重建和发展提供大量的无条件贷款)”故我们可以从第三段划线的句子中推断出Keynes对会议的结果感到满意。故选A。
【44题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中“But
the
White
plan
provided
a
far
more
modest
fund
and
bank.
Instead
of
the
generous
extension
of
wartime
lend-lease
aid
that
Keynes
was
promoting,
the
British
had
to
settle
for
an
American
loan,
to
be
repaid
with
interest.(但White计划提供的基金和银行规模要小得多。与Keynes所倡导的慷慨的延长战时借贷租赁援助相反，英国不得不接受美国的贷款，并支付利息)”可知，Keynes和White对有关贷款的基本原则有不同的看法。故选B。
【45题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“The
system's
true
pillar
was
the
United
States
the
U.S.
dollar
as
global
currency;
the
U.S.
economy
as
the
consumer
market
for
other
nations'
exports;
and
U.S.
recovery
aid
in
the
form
of
the
Marshall
Plan,
which
dwarfed
the
function
of
the
World
Bank.(
这个体系真正的支柱是美国美元作为全球货币；美国经济作为其他国家出口产品的消费市场；美国以马歇尔计划的形式提供复苏援助，这使世界银行的功能相形见绌)”可知，C选项“Bretton
Woods体系很大程度上依赖于美国经济的成功”正确。故选C。
【46题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“On
July
22,
1944,
as
allied
troops
were
racing
across
Normandy
to
liberate
Paris,
representatives
of
44
nations
meeting
at
the
Mount
Washington
resort
in
Bretton
Woods,
New
Hampshire,
created
a
financial
and
monetary
system
for
the
postwar
era,
referred
to
as
Bretton
Woods
system.(
1944年7月22日，当盟军穿越诺曼底去解放巴黎时，来自44个国家的代表在新罕布什尔州Bretton
Woods的华盛顿山度假村开会，创建了一个战后金融和货币体系，被称为Bretton
Woods体系)”结合文章主要介绍了战后金融和货币体系——Bretton
Woods体系的起源和发展，以及这一体系对英国和美国的影响。可知，这篇文章主要是关于金融体系的发展及其影响。故选D。
(D)
The
myth
of
short-term
memory
Short-term
memory
contains
the
contents
of
your
thoughts
right
now,
including
what
you
intend
to
do
in
the
next
few
seconds
____47____
You
may
think
about
what
you'll
say
next
in
a
conversation
or
walk
to
the
hall
closet
with
the
intention
of
getting
a
pair
of
gloves.
Short-term
memory
is
easily
disturbed
or
disrupted.
____48____
You
do
this
by
thinking
about
them,
perhaps
repeating
them
over
and
over
again
("I'm
going
to
the
closet
to
get
gloves")
But
any
distraction
a
new
thought,
someone
asking
you
a
question,
the
telephone
ringing---can
disrupt
short-term
memory.
Our
ability
to
automatically
restore
the
contents
of
the
short-term
lightly
with
every
decade
after
30.
____49____
I've
been
teaching
undergraduates
for
my
entire
career
and
can
attest
that
even
20-year-olds
make
short-term
memory
errors--loads
of
them.
They
walk
into
the
wrong
classrooms;
they
show
up
to
exams
without
the
requisite
No.
2
pencil
they
forget
something
I
just
said
2
minutes
before.
These
are
similar
to
the
kinds
of
things
70-year-olds
do.
The
relevant
difference
is
not
age
but
rather
how
we
describe
these
events,
the
stories
we
tell
ourselves
about
them.
Twenty-year-olds
don't
think,
"Oh
dear,
this
must
be
early-onset
brain
damage.”
They
think,
“
I
really
need
to
get
more
than
four
hours
of
sleep."The
70-year-old
observes
these
same
events
and
worries
about
her
brain
health.
This
is
not
to
say
that
brain
damage
related
memory
impairments
are
fiction.
____50____
In
the
absence
of
brain
disease,
even
the
oldest
older
adults
show
little
or
no
cognitive
memory
decline
beyond
the
age
85
and
90.
A.
But
age
is
not
the
major
factor
so
commonly
assumed.
B.
Actually,
it
is
doing
some
mental
calculations.
C.
This
is
widely
understood
to
be
a
classic
problem
of
aging.
D.
Some
aspects
of
memory
actually
get
better
as
we
age
E.
It
depends
on
your
active
attention
to
the
items
in
the"next
thing
to
do"
file
in
your
mind.
F.
Instead,
every
lapse
of
short-term
memory
doesn't
necessarily
indicate
a
biological
disorder.
【答案】47.
B
48.
E
49.
A
50.
F
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了可能影响人们短时记忆的因素，并提出在没有脑部疾病的情况下，短时记忆很少受生理年龄的影响。
47题详解】
上文“Short-term
memory
contains
the
contents
of
your
thoughts
right
now,
including
what
you
intend
to
do
in
the
next
few
seconds（短期记忆包含了你现在思想的内容，包括你接下来几秒钟要做什么。）”是对短时记忆的简单描述，下文“You
may
think
about
what
you'll
say
next
in
a
conversation
or
walk
to
the
hall
closet
with
the
intention
of
getting
a
pair
of
gloves.（你可能会在谈话中考虑接下来要说什么，或者走到门厅的壁橱里打算拿一副手套。）”举例说明短时记忆是对接下来你要做的事情的一种规划，B项“Actually,
it
is
doing
some
mental
calculations.（实际上，它是在做一些心算。）”符合语境，下文是对选项的进一步解释，说明短时记忆和接下来要做的事情之间的关联，承上启下，符合语境。故选B项。
【48题详解】
下文“You
do
this
by
thinking
about
them,
perhaps
repeating
them
over
and
over
again
("I'm
going
to
the
closet
to
get
gloves")（你可以通过思考它们来做到这一点，也许一遍又一遍地重复它们(“我要去衣柜里拿手套”)。）”具体说明如何通过集中注意加强短时记忆，E项“It
depends
on
your
active
attention
to
the
items
in
the
“next
thing
to
do"
file
in
your
mind.（这取决于你对“下一件事”的注意力是否集中。）”提出集中注意以加强短时记忆，引出下文。故选E项。
【49题详解】
上文“Our
ability
to
automatically
restore
the
contents
of
the
short-term
lightly
with
every
decade
after
30.（我们自动恢复短期内容的能力在30岁以后每十年有所下降。）”，说明30岁之后年龄对短时记忆的影响，下文“I've
been
teaching
undergraduates
for
my
entire
career
and
can
attest
that
even
20-year-olds
make
short-term
memory
errors--loads
of
them.（在我的整个职业生涯中，我一直在教本科生，我可以证明，即使是20多岁的人也会犯短期记忆错误——而且是很多错误。）”说明和上文相反的内容，那就是30岁以下的人也会犯很多短时记忆的错误。因此空处应该是表示转折的过渡性语句，A项“But
age
is
not
the
major
factor
so
commonly
assumed.（但年龄并不是人们普遍认为的主要因素。）”说明年龄不是限制短时记忆的主要因素，承上启下，符合语境。故选A项。
【50题详解】
下文“In
the
absence
of
brain
disease,
even
the
oldest
older
adults
show
little
or
no
cognitive
memory
decline
beyond
the
age
85
and
90.（在没有脑部疾病的情况下，即使是最高龄的老年人，在85岁和90岁之后也很少或根本没有认知记忆衰退。）”进一步说明认知记忆能力和生理年龄的增加关系不大，F项“Instead,
every
lapse
of
short-term
memory
doesn't
necessarily
indicate
a
biological
disorder.（相反，每一次短期记忆的缺失并不一定意味着一种生理紊乱。）”说明短时记忆的缺失并不总是和生理年龄的增加有关，引出下文，符合语境。故选F项。
Section
C
Directions:
Fill
in
each
blank
with
a
proper
word
chosen
from
the
box.
Each
word
can
be
used
only
once.
Note
that
there
is
one
word
more
than
you
need.
A.
resolve
B.rival
C.
initiative
D.granted
E.stranded
F.
stretchG.
reserve
H.
cited
I.
collective
J.
sprang
K.
obliged
51.
Under
the
pressing
circumstances,
we
felt
_____
to
deepen
the
reform
and
open
wider
to
the
outside
world.
52.
A
Moscow
company
is
now
marketing
“Sleep
boxes”—freestanding,
mobile
boxes
with
beds
inside—for
travelers
______
overnight,
or
those
in
need
of
a
quick
snooze.
53.
With
the
government's
newly-released
scheme
to
support
small
and
medium-sized
enterprises,
the
dying
industry
was
______
many
privileges
to
continue
its
technical
innovation.
54.
Domestic
interest
rates
are
often______
as
a
major
factor
affecting
exchange
rates.
55.
As
the
new
master
of
the
trading
empire,
with
interests
that
______
from
chemicals
to
sugar,
she
is
burdened
with
the
rise
of
the
family
business.
56.
All
the
criticism
of
her
acting
didn’t
stop
her
pursuit
of
art,
instead
it
merely
strengthened
her
______
to
establish
herself
in
West
End
threatre
productions.
57.
Her
political
consciousness
______
from
her
upbringing
when
her
father's
illness
left
the
family
short
of
money.
58.
Many
theorists
believe
the
ideal
boss
should
lead
teams
from
behind,
taking
pride
in
______
accomplishment
and
giving
credit
where
it
is
due.
59.
So
magnificent
was
the
sight
from
the
top
of
the
mountain
that
we
thought
nothing
could
______
what
we
saw
in
the
Alps.
60.
Were
I
in
charge
of
the
local
wildlife______
,
I
would
by
all
means
prohibit
visitors—whether
they
came
with
commercial
purposes
or
for
pure
recreation—from
getting
into
it.
【答案】51.
K
52.
E
53.
D
54.
H
55.
F
56.
A
57.
J
58.
I
59.
B
60.
G
【解析】
【分析】
【51题详解】
考查形容词。句意：在这种紧迫的情况下，我们必须深化改革，扩大开放。根据句意表示“必须”可知应填形容词obliged，作表语，短语obliged
to“不得不”。故填obliged。故选K。
【52题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：莫斯科一家公司目前正在推出“睡眠箱”——一种带有床的独立式移动睡眠箱，供滞留过夜的旅客或需要快速小睡的人使用。根据句意表示“滞留”可知应填动词strand，且分析句子结构可知应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语travelers构成被动关系，故应用过去分词作定语。故填stranded。故选E。
【53题详解】
考查动词语态。句意：随着政府新发布的支持中小企业的计划，这个垂死的行业获得了许多特权，可以继续其技术创新。根据句意表示“允许，授予”应填动词grant，且主语与谓语动词构成被动关系，结合上文was可知为一般过去时的被动语态。故填granted。故选D。
【54题详解】
考查动词语态。句意：国内利率经常被认为是影响汇率的主要因素。根据句意表示“被认为”可知短语为be
cited
as。故填cited。故选H。
【55题详解】
考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：作为贸易帝国的新掌门人，她的业务范围从化学品到食糖，家族企业的崛起给她带来了沉重负担。根据语境表示“从……到……延伸”应填动词stretch，在从句中作谓语，结合后文“she
is
burdened
with
the
rise
of
the
family
business”可知为一般现在时，且定语从句中谓语动词与先行词interests保持人称和数的一致，故应用原形。故填stretch。故选F。
【56题详解】
考查名词。句意：所有对她表演的批评并没有停止她对艺术的追求，相反，这只是坚定了她在西区威龙剧团站稳脚跟的决心。根据句意表示“决心”可知短语为resolve
to，短语strengthen
one's
resolve
to“坚定……的决心”。故填resolve。故选A。
【57题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：她的政治意识源于她的成长经历，当时她父亲的疾病使家里缺钱。根据句意表示“源于……”可知短语为spring
from，结合后文her
father's
illness
left
the
family
short
of
money可知用一般过去时。故填sprang。故选J。
【58题详解】
考查形容词。句意：许多理论家认为，理想的老板应该在背后领导团队，为集体成就感到自豪，并给予应得的赞扬。根据句意表示“集体的”应填形容词collective，作定语修饰名词accomplishment。故填collective。故选I。
【59题详解】
考查动词。句意：从山顶看到的景色如此壮观，我们认为没有什么能与在阿尔卑斯山看到的景色相媲美。根据句意表示“相媲美”可知应填动词rival，作谓语，且could后跟动词原形。故填rival。故选B。
【60题详解】
考查名词。句意：如果我是当地野生动物保护区的负责人，我绝对会禁止游客——无论他们是出于商业目的还是纯粹的娱乐目的——进入保护区。根据句意表示“保护区”可知应填名词reserve，此处为特指应用单数。故填reserve。故选G。
第Ⅱ卷
V.Translation
Directions:
Translate
the
following
sentences
into
English,
using
the
words
given
in
the
brackets.
61.
专家建议这种饮料六个月内饮用完。(consume)
(汉译英)
【答案】Experts
suggest
that
this
kind
of
drinks
(should)
be
consumed
in
six
months.
【解析】
【详解】考查宾语从句和虚拟语气。根据汉语提示，experts为主语，谓语为suggest
，主句为一般现在时，suggest“建议
”后接宾语从句，从句为虚拟语气（should+动词原形），主语为this
kind
of
drinks，与谓语consume为被动关系。故翻译为：Experts
suggest
that
this
kind
of
drinks
(should)
be
consumed
in
six
months.
62.
我们越多谈论虚拟现实,对它的认识就越深刻。(The比较级,the比较级)
(汉译英)
【答案】The
more
we
talk
about
virtual
reality,
the
deeper
understanding
we
will
have
of
it.
【解析】
【详解】考查固定句型。“The+比较级...，the+比较级...”为固定句型，连接两个句子，表示“越……，就越……”，本句中“虚拟现实”用“virtual
reality”；“谈论”用talk
about
；“对……有很深的认识”可用“
have
a
deep
understanding
of
...”，陈述的是客观事实，用一般现在时，故翻译为：The
more
we
talk
about
virtual
reality,
the
deeper
understanding
we
will
have
of
it.
63.
我们做这份工作不能粗心大意，不然将造成巨大损失。(afford)
(汉译英)
【答案】We
can’t
afford
to
be
careless
in
doing
this
job,
or
it
will
cause
tremendous
loss.
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查固定短语和时态。此处前半句主语为we；结合句意表示“不能……”可用短语can’t
afford
to
do
sth.；表示“做某事粗心大意”应用短语be
careless
in
doing
sth.；后本句中主语为it，表示“造成巨大损失”短语为cause
tremendous
loss，时态为一般将来时。故翻译为We
can’t
afford
to
be
careless
in
doing
this
job,
or
it
will
cause
tremendous
loss.
64.
社交网络在我们的生活中扮演了如此重要的角色，以至于它影响了彼此间的沟通方式。(such)
(汉译英)
【答案】Social
network
plays
such
an
important
role
in
our
life
that
it
affects
how
we
communicate
with
each
other.
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查状语从句、固定短语和时态。此处表示“如此……以至于……”应用such…that…引导结果状语从句，构成“such+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+
that从句”；结合句意表示“社交网络”短语为social
network；表示“扮演了重要角色”短语为play
an
important
role
in；表示“影响”应用动词affect，作谓语；后跟宾语从句，从句中缺少方式状语，应用how引导；表示“沟通”短语为communicate
with；表示“彼此”短语为each
other。句子应用一般现在时。故翻译为Social
network
plays
such
an
important
role
in
our
life
that
it
affects
how
we
communicate
with
each
other.
65.
这座南方小镇值得一游，那儿所有的传统明代建筑都保存完好，人们行走其间宛如置身画中。(where)
(汉译英)
【答案】This
small
southern
town
is
worth
visiting,
where
all
traditional
Ming
dynasty
buildings
are
well-preserved
and
it
is
like
being
in
a
picture
when
people
walk
through
it.
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查定语从句、固定短语和时态。此处为where引导的非限制性定语从句修饰先行词small
southern
town；主句中主语为small
southern
town；表示“值得做某事”短语为be
worth
doing；从句中表示“所有的传统明代建筑”应用短语all
traditional
Ming
dynasty
buildings，作主语；表示“保存完好”应用形容词well-preserved，作表语；表示“宛如置身画中”可翻译为it
is
like
being
in
a
picture；后为when引导的时间状语从句，表示“行走其间”应用短语walk
through。句子应用一般现在时。故翻译为This
small
southern
town
is
worth
visiting,
where
all
traditional
Ming
dynasty
buildings
are
well-preserved
and
it
is
like
being
in
a
picture
when
people
walk
through
it.
Ⅵ
Guided
Writing
66.
Directions:
Write
an
English
composition
in
about150
words
according
to
the
instructions
given
below
in
Chinese.
寒假中,
你所在的班级将进行一次市内徒步活动,
主题为“寻找上海的年味”,
班长正在征集方案,
请你写一封电子邮件描述你的设想。你的邮件必需包括：
1.活动具体时间和行走线路；
2.你的理由。
【答案】Dear
Monitor,
I
am
writing
to
you
because
I
have
an
idea
for
this
city
hike
that
I
hope
you
will
adopt.
We
can
meet
at
the
library
on
Wednesday
morning
at
eight
o
'clock.
Notice
that
everyone's
backpacks
should
be
light,
because
we'll
be
hiking.
Start
with
the
Chenghuang
Temple,
where
we
can
experience
the
traditional
flavors
and
customs
of
Shanghai.
Then
go
to
Longhua
Temple,
make
a
wish
on
the
wishing
tree
and
ring
the
bell
for
blessing.
At
four
o
'clock
in
the
afternoon
we
leave
for
Yu
Garden
to
see
the
beautiful
lantern
fair.
Finally,
we
go
to
the
Bund
to
listen
to
the
New
Year
bell
and
shout
the
countdown
together.
I
think
we
will
experience
the
true
flavor
of
Shanghai
New
Year
by
following
this
route.
【解析】
【分析】
本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给班长写封邮件，描述你对主题为“寻找上海的年味”的班级市内徒步活动的设想。
【详解】第一步：审题
体裁：应用文
时态：根据提示，时态主要为一般现在时和一般将来时。
结构：总分法总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。
要求：
1.介绍活动具体时间和行走线路；
2.说明你的理由；
第二步：列提纲
（重点词组）
meet
at
the
library;
start
with
the
Chenghuang
Temple;
experience
the
traditional
flavors
and
customs;
go
to
Longhua
Temple;
make
a
wish;
ring
the
bell
for
blessing;
see
the
beautiful
lantern
fair;
shout
the
countdown
together
第三步：连词成句
1.I
am
writing
to
you
because
I
have
an
idea
for
this
city
hike
that
I
hope
you
will
adopt.
2.We
can
meet
at
the
library
on
Wednesday
morning
at
eight
o
'clock.
3.Notice
that
everyone's
backpacks
should
be
light,
because
we'll
be
hiking.
4.Start
with
the
Chenghuang
Temple,
where
we
can
experience
the
traditional
flavors
and
customs
of
Shanghai.
5.Then
go
to
Longhua
Temple,
make
a
wish
on
the
wishing
tree
and
ring
the
bell
for
blessing.
6.At
four
o
'clock
in
the
afternoon
we
leave
for
Yu
Garden
to
see
the
beautiful
lantern
fair.
7.Finally,
we
go
to
the
Bund
to
listen
to
the
New
Year
bell
and
shout
the
countdown
together.
8.I
think
we
will
experience
the
true
flavor
of
Shanghai
New
Year
by
following
this
route.
根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）
1.表文章结构顺序：Finally,
Then
2.表因果关系：Because
连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰。
【点睛】[高分句型1]Start
with
the
Chenghuang
Temple,
where
we
can
experience
the
traditional
flavors
and
customs
of
Shanghai.
（where引导的定语从句）
[高分句型2]Notice
that
everyone's
backpacks
should
be
light,
because
we'll
be
hiking.（that引导的宾语从句）2020-2021学年上海市普陀区晋元高级中学高二下学期3月月考英语试题
第I卷
L.
Listening
Comprehension
Section
A
Directions:
In
Section
A,
you
will
hear
ten
short
conversations
between
two
speakers.
At
the
end
of
each
conversation,
question
will
be
asked
about
what
was
said.
The
conversation
and
the
questions
will
be
spoken
only
once.
After
you
hear
a
conversation
and
the
question
about
it,
read
the
four
possible
answers
on
your
paper,
and
decide
which
one
is
the
best
answer
to
the
question
you
have
heard.
1.
A.
At
2:30
B.at
2:00
C.At
1:30
D.At
1:00.
2.
A.
In
the
Shanghai
Museum.
B.
In
a
store.
C.
In
a
tunnel.
D.
In
a
taxi.
3.
A.
Doctor
and
patient.
B.
Lawyer
and
client
C.
Manager
and
customer.
D.
Passer-by
and
policeman.
4.
A
Listening
to
some
loud
music.
B.
Repairing
her
earphones:
C.
Talking
loudly
on
the
phone
D.
Writing
an
essay.
5.
A.
More
sleep
can
get
the
man
onto
the
right
track.
B.
Tiredness
is
a
typical
symptom
of
lack
of
exercise
C.
The
man
should
spend
more
time
outdoors
D.
People
tend
to
work
longer
hours
with
artificial
lighting.
6.
A.
Jane
has
been
engaged
to
someone
working
in
the
library.
B.
The
man
shouldn't
bother
Jane
because
she
was
busy
C.
Jane-was
always
engaged
in
online
games
D.
Jane
is
the
person
to
take
care
of
the
IT
room.
7.
A.
She
doesn't
want
to
go
to
the
concert.
B.
She
is
eager
to
go
to
the
concert
C.
She
is
interested
in
American
songs.
D.
She
doesn't
like
music
at
all
8.
A.
David
stopped
his
project
halfway
B.
David's
project
didn't
get
any
financial
support.
C.
David
has
got
financial
support
from
the
government.
D.
David's
project
was
forced
to
stop
by
the
government.
9.
A.
The
man
can't
keep
the
appointment
at
3:15.
B.
The
man
wants
to
change
the
date
of
the
appointment.
C.
The
man
is
glad
he
can
get
in
touch
with
the
doctor.
D.
The
man
is
confused
about
the
date
of
the
appointment.
10.
A.
She
prefers
chemistry.
B.
She
has
not
got
a
partner
yet
C.
She
is
too
tired
of
chemistry.
D.She
is
too
busy
to
work
on
her
chemistry
course.
Directions:
In
Section
B,
you
will
hear
two
short
passages
and
one
longer
conversation,
and
you
will
be
asked
several
questions
on
each
of
the
passages
and
the
conversation.
The
passages
and
the
conversation
will
be
read
twice,
but
the
questions
will
be
spoken
only
once.
When
you
hear
a
question,
read
the
four
possible
answers
on
your
paper
and
decide
which
one
would
be
the
best
answer
to
the
question
you
have
heard
Questions
11
through
13
are
based
on
the
following
passage.
11.
A.
Flight
attendants.
B.
Airline
passengers.
C.
The
fire
brigade.
D.
Plane
manufacturers
12.
A.
CA4117
will
take
off
from
Chengdu
and
eventually
arrive
in
Beijing
B.
It
will
take
CA4117
more
than
three
hours
to
arrive
in
Xi'an.
C.
CA4117
will
travel
30,982
kilometres
for
the
whole
flight.
D.
The
average
speed
of
CA4117
is
10,000
kilometers
per
hour.
13.A.
Using
electronic
devices
during
landing
B.
Using
their
hands
to
pull
the
oxygen
mask.
C.
Using
laptop
computers
during
the
flight.
D.
Placing
the
oxygen
mask
below
their
nose.
Questions
14
through
16
are
based
on
the
following
passage.
14.
A.
Drinking
a
lot
of
alcohol.
B.
Going
shopping
in
stores.
C.
Gathering
around
tables
for
hotpot
D.
Eating
fried
food
and
barbecued
meat.
15.
A.
Movies
are
available
to
people
in
Shanghai
at
midnight.
B.
People
in
Hangzhou
attach
great
importance
to
dinner.
C.
A
total
of
nine
online
platforms
provided
data
for
the
report.
D.
People
in
Beijing
are
most
likely
to
order
Starbucks
in
the
afternoon
16.
A.
People's
eating
habits
in
different
regions
of
China.
B.
The
impact
of
mobile
payment
on
Chinese
people's'
lives.
C.
Different
nightlife
activities
among
residents
in
Chinese
cities.
D.
The
pressure
of
urban
life
brought
by
nightlife
activities.
Questions
17
through
20
are
based
on
the
following
conversation.
17.
A.
Showing
the
man
around
the
house.
B.
Selling
the
house
to
the
man.
C.
Persuading
the
man
to
buy
the
house.
D.
Inspecting
the
house
before
buying
it.
18.
A.
The
window
screen.
B.
The
area
to
store
wine.
C.
The
bedroom
and
the
attached
bathroom.
D.
The
colors
of
the
walls
and
floor
covering
19.
A.
It
may
not
secure
the
deal.
B.
It
is
beyond
her
means.
C.
It
is
higher
than
expected.
D.
It's
unrealistic.
20.
A.
People
tend
to
love
the
inside
of
the
house
though
its
outside
isn't
attractive.
B.
The
window
screen
enables
you
to
see
everything
clearly
from
the
street.
C.
The
house
agent
makes
an
attempt
to
cut
down
the
price
by
30,000
dollars.
D.
The
woman
has
to
contact
her
bank
before
the
owner
responds
to
the
offer.
II.
Grammar
and
Vocabulary
Section
A
Directions:
After
reading
the
passage
below,
fill
in
the
blanks
to
make
the
passage
coherent
and
r
the
blanks
with
a
given
word,
fill
in
each
blank
with
the
proper
form
of
the
given
word;
for
the
other
blanks,
use
one
word
that
best
fits
each
blank
A
well-known
landscape
photographer
Alexander
Henderson
was
born
in
Scotland
in
1831
and
was
the
son
of
a
successful
merchant.
He
spent
much
of
his
childhood
___1___
(play)
on
the
beach
or
fishing
in
the
streams
nearby.
In
1849
he
began
a
three-year
apprenticeship
to
become
an
accountant.
Although
he
never
liked
the
prospect
of
a
business
career,
he
stayed
with
it
___2___
(please)
his
family.
Learning
photography
in
Montreal
around
the
year
1857,
Henderson
quickly
took
___3___
up
as
a
serious
amateur.
Later,
he
became
a
personal
friend
and
colleague
of
the
Scottish
Canadian
photographer
William
Notman.
___4___
their
friendship,
their
styles
of
photography
were
quite
different.
While
Notman's
landscapes
___5___
(note)
for
their
bold
realism,
Henderson
for
the
first
20
years
of
his
career
produced
romantic
images.
___6___
he
published
his
first
major
collection
of
landscape
photographs
in
1865,
he
gained
great
fame
for
reflecting
the
romantic
British
landscape
tradition
in
his
works.
The
publication
had
limited
circulation
(only
seven
copies
have
ever
been
found),
where
the
contents
of
each
copy
___7___(vary)
significantly
and
proved
a
useful
source
for
evaluating
Henderson's
early
work.
In
1866,
he
gave
up
his
business
to
open
a
photographic
studio,
___8___
(advertise)
himself
as
portrait
and
landscape
photographer.
From
about
1870
he
dropped
portraiture
to
specialize
in
landscape
photography
and
other
views.
His
numerous
photographs
of
city
life
___9___
(reveal)
in
street
scenes,
houses,
and
markets
are
alive
with
human
activity.
There
was
sufficient
demand
for
these
types
of
scenes
and
others
he
took
depicting
the
pearl
trade,
steamboats
and
waterfalls
to
enable
him
to
make
a
living.
In
1892
Henderson
accepted
a
full-time
position
with
the
CPR
as
manager
of
a
photographic
department
___10___
he
was
to
set
up
and
administer.
That
summer
he
made
his
trip
west,
photographing
extensively
along
the
railway
line
as
far
as
Victoria.
He
continued
in
this
post
until
1897,
when
he
retired
completely
from
photography.
Section
B
Directions:
Fill
in
each
blank
with
a
proper
word
chosen
from
the
box.
Each
word
can
be
used
only
once.
Note
that
there
is
one
word
more
than
you
need.
A.
habitable
B.
sensible
C.
potential
D.
compete
E.accommodate
F.
conceptG.
draw
H.
advocated
I.
survival
J.
expanse
K.
received
Mars
--
the
next
frontier
It
sounds
like
something
from
the
fields
of
science
fiction--a
space
expedition
into
the
vast
___11___
of
space,
heading
towards
the
Red
Planet.
While
we're
not
quite
ready
to
put
a
person
on
land,
the
question
we
ask
today
is:
why
are
so
many
countries
interested
in
going
to
Mars?
The
space
race
saw
the
USA
and
USSR___12___
to
achieve
firsts
in
spaceflight.
The
Soviet
Union
released
Sputnik
1,
an
artificial
satellite,
before
anyone
else,
and
the
US
landed
on
the
Moon
first.
Now
it
appears
that
Mars
is
the
celestial
body
of
desire.
While
the
honour
of
being
the
first
nation
to
touchdown
is
an
obvious
___13___
,
there
are
other
reasons
we
want
to
get
there.
One
of
these
could
be
the
___14___
of
our
species.
You
only
have
to
look
at
the
fossilised
remains
of
the
dinosaurs
to
see
the
benefit
of
finding
another
___15___
planet.
While
Mars
doesn't
have
the
right
conditions
to
call
it
home
just
yet,
there's
always
the
idea
of
terraforming--
changing
the
environment
of
a
planet
to
___16___
our
needs
to
live.
However,
not
everyone
agrees.
Leading
astrophysicist
Neil
deGrasse
Tyson
has
said
the
___17___of
altering
habitability
of
another
planet
because
of
the
damage
we
have
done
to
Earth
is
not
___18___
when
we
can
simply
terraform
Earth.
It
seems
he
main
reason
at
the
moment
is
the
search
for
signs
of
life.
It
has
long
been
believed
that,
at
one
time,
Mars
was
abundant
with
life.
Now
seemingly
dead,
the
___19___
fossils
could
answer
questions
about
our
own
evolution
and
that
of
our
planet.
One
theory
is
that
bacterial
life
on
our
planet
didn't
start
here,
but
was
transferred
via
asteroid
(小行星)
from
Mars.
One
benefit
___20___
by
scientists
like
Neil
deGrasse
Tyson
is
that
landing
on
Mars
may
inspire
more
people
to
become
interested
in
science
and
astronomy.
Surely
inspiring
a
new
generation
to
visit
the
stars
is
reason
enough.
III.
Reading
Comprehension
Section
A
Directions:
For
each
blank
in
the
following
passages
there
are
four
words
or
phrases
marked
A,
B
C
and
D.
Fill
in
each
blank
with
the
word
or
phrase
that
best
fits
the
context.
Moral
sentiments
count
Organizations
and
societies
rely
on
fines
and
rewards
to
control
people's
self-interest
in
the
service
of
the
common
good.
The
___21___
of
a
ticket
keeps
drivers
in
line,
and
the
promise
of
a
bonus
inspires
high
performance.
But
incentives
(激励)
can
also
___22___,
minifying
the
very
behavior
they're
meant
to
encourage.
A
generation
ago,
Richard
Titmuss
claimed
that
paying
people
to
donate
blood
___23___
the
supply.
Economists
were
skeptical,
citing
a
lack
of
scientific
evidence.
But
since
then,
new
data
and
models
have
prompted
a
sea
change
in
how
economists
think
about
incentives--showing,
among
other
things,
that
Titmuss
was
right
in
so
many
cases
that
businesses
should
___24___.
Experimental
economists
have
found
that
offering
to
pay
women
for
donating
blood
decreases
the
number
willing
to
donate
by
almost
half,
and
that
letting
them
contribute
the
payment
to
charity
___25___
the
effect.
Dozens
of
recent
experiments
show
that
rewarding
self-interest
with
economic
incentives
can
have
the
opposite
result
when
they
destroy
what
Adam
Smith
called
"the
moral
sentiments(情绪)”.
The
psychology
here
has
escaped
blackboard
economists,
but
it
will
be
no
surprise
to
people
in
business:
When
we
take
a
job
or
buy
a
car,
we
are
not
only
trying
to
get
stuff--
we
are
also
trying
to
be
a
certain
kind
of
person.
___26___
,
people
desire
to
be
respected
by
others
as
ethical
and
___27___.
And
they
don't
want
to
be
taken
for
losers.
Rewarding
blood
donations
may
not
serve
the
intended
purpose
because
it
suggests
that
the
donor
is
less
interested
in
being
___28___
than
in
making
a
dollar.
Incentives
also
run
into
trouble
when
they
signal
that
the
employer
___29___
the
employee
or
is
greedy.
Close
supervision
of
workers
coupled
with
_____30_____
for
performance
is
textbook
economics,
but
it
can
lead
to
the
depression
of
employees.
Perhaps
most
important,
incentives
affect
what
our
actions
signal,
whether
we're
being
self-interested
or
civic-minded,
manipulated
or
trusted
and
they
can
imply--sometimes
wrongly--what
_____31_____
us.
Fines
or
public
criticism
that
appeal
to
our
moral
sentiments
by
signaling
social
disapproval
(think
of
littering)
can
be
highly
effective.
But
incentives
go
wrong
when
they
_____32_____
or
diminish
our
ethical
sensibilities.
This
does
not
mean
it's
_____33_____
to
appeal
to
self-interested
and
ethical
motivations
at
the
same
time--just
that
efforts
to
do
so
often
fail.
_____34_____
,
policies
support
socially
valued
ends
not
only
by
controlling
self-interest
but
also
by
encouraging
public-spiritedness.
The
small
tax
on
plastic
grocery
bags
passed
by
law
in
Ireland
in
2002
that
resulted
in
their
virtual
elimination
appears
to
have
had
such
an
effect.
It
punished
offenders
_____35_____
while
conveying
a
moral
message.
Carrying
a
plastic
bag
joined
wearing
a
fur
coat
in
the
gallery
of
anti-social
anachronisms.
21.
A.
temptation
B.
threat
C.
value
D.
equivalent
22.
A.
overflow
B.
backfire
C.
survive
D.
work
23.
A.
reduced
B.
affected
C.
afforded
D.
balanced
24.
A.
cut
back
B.
stand
by
C.
take
note
D.
hold
on
25.
A.
cause
B.
reverse
C.
take
D.
detect
26.
A.
In
other
words
B.
On
the
contrary
C.
By
contrast
D.
In
addition
27.
A.
dignified
B.
determined
C.
dignified
D.
discouraged
28.
A.
unselfish
B.
ambitious
C.
thoughtful
D.
aggressive
29.
A.
boasts
B.
values
C.
encourages
D.
mistrusts
30.
A.
requirement
B.
criticism
C.
implication
D.
reward
31.
A.
supports
B.
threatens
C.
motivates
D.
changes
32.
A.
refine
B.
offend
C.
control
D.
arouse
33.
A.
impossible
B.
strange
C.
necessary
D.
abnormal
34.
A.
Rarely
B.
Occasionally
C.
Surprisingly
D.
Ideally
35.
A.
publicly
B.
severely
C.
monetarily
D.
mildly
Section
B
Directions:
Read
the
following
three
passages.
Each
passage
is
followed
by
several
questions
or
unfinished
statements.
For
each
of
them
there
are
four
choices
marked
A,
B,
C
and
D.
Choose
the
one
that
fits
best
according
to
the
information
given
in
the
passage
you
have
just
read.
(A)
Wonder
material
Maurice
Ward
and
his
family
ran
ladies'
hairdresser’s
in
Yorkshire,
England.
Ward
was
an
inventor
by
nature
and
liked
to
mix
his
own
hair
dyes
and
products,
claiming
that
they
were
more
effective
than
the
products
supplied
by
cosmetics
manufacturers
like
L'Oreal
and
Garnier.
In
the
1980s
his
inventiveness
found
a
new
outlet
when
he
bought
an
industrial
extruder--a
machine
that
forms
plastics-and
began
experimenting
with
making
different
types
of
sheet
plastic.
Then
in
1985
something
happened
which
was
to
change
his
life.
A
British
Airtours
plane
bound
for
Corfu
caught
fire
at
Manchester
Airport
just
before
it
took
off.
Although
the
plane
was
still
on
the
ground,
the
results
of
the
fire
were
destructive
within
forty
seconds,
55
of
the
people
inside
died
from
smoke
and
poisonous
air
breathed
in.
Ward
determined
that
he
would
make
a
material
that
would
be
much
more
fire-resistant
than
the
plastics
from
which
the
interior
was
largely
constructed.
He
began
trying
out
different
mixtures
in
a
kitchen
food
blender.
When
he
found
a
formulation
that
looked
promising,
he
would
shape
it
into
sheet
form
and
then
test
its
fire
resistance.
The
results
got
better
and
better
until
finally
he
hit
on
a
material
that
would
resist
temperatures
of
2,
500
C,
not
give
off
poisonous
air
and
still
remain
cool
enough
to
be
touched.
Starlite
was
born
Yet
here
we
are
thirty
years
on,
and
Starlite
is
still
an
unpatented
and
unexploited
material.
So
what
went
wrong?
Naturally,
Ward
kept
the
formula
a
secret.
He
never
wrote
it
down,
only
telling
the
exact
proportions
of
its
21
ingredients
to
a
few
of
his
closest
family
members.
He
refused
to
apply
for
a
patent,
since
that
would
involve
revealing
its
composition.
No
one
else
was
allowed
to
analyse
it
nor
was
any
company
given
a
sample
for
fear
that
they
might
reverse-engineer
it.
Consequently,
no
deal
was
ever
struck
and
in
May
2011
Maurice
Ward
died.
It
would
be
incorrect
to
say
that
he
took
his
secret
to
the
grave
because
some
of
the
family
still
know
it,
but
he
certainly
took
his
own
dreams
of
personal
wealth
and
fame
with
him.
Why?
Was
it
greed?
Was
it
that,
as
an
amateur,
he
felt
a
lack
of
respect
from
the
scientific
community?
Or
was
he
simply
too
protective
of
his
idea
to
share
it
with
others?
We
may
never
know.
What
is
certain
is
that
his
loss
is
the
world’s
loss,
too.
36.
What
can
we
most
probably
infer
about
Maurice
Ward
according
to
the
passage?
A.
He
preferred
fame
to
money.
B.
He
was
born
with
a
creative
spirit.
C.
He
opposed
established
institutions.
D.
He
got
his
genius
partly
from
his
parents.
37.
How
did
Ward
develop
Starlite?
A.
He
converted
it
in
the
kitchen
food
blender.
B.
He
found
the
material
from
the
interior
of
planes.
C
He
got
inspiration
from
the
hair
dyes
and
products.
D.
He
experimented
with
materials
and
examined
their
fire-resistance.
38.
Which
of
the
following
statements
about
Starlite
is
TRUE?
A.
Its
secret
died
with
Maurice
Ward.
B.
It
gets
warmer
than
plastics
when
heated.
C.
It
could
have
brought
Maurice
great
wealth.
D.
Some
company
reverse-engineered
it
without
permission.
39.
We
can
learn
from
the
passage
that
_______
.
A.
Innovation
requires
lots
of
efforts
and
deserves
protection
B.
The
protectiveness
of
an
invention
may
cause
the
world
great
losses.
C.
The
big
companies'
ill
intentions
are
to
blame
for
the
loss
of
Starlite.
D.
The
neglect
of
talented
people
may
cost
the
world
valuable
discoveries.
(B)
Things
you
need
to
know
about
your
STRESS
right
now
After
60
years
of
research,
scientists
have
determined
what
provokes
stress.
There's
even
a
handy
acronym:
NUTS.
N
is
for
Novelty:
This
is
something
new
you've
not
experienced
before,
like
the
first
day
of
school
or
a
new
job.
U
is
for
Unpredictability:
When
you
don't
know
how
something
is
going
to
take
shape,
as
is
the
case
during
a
trip
to
the
dentist.
T
is
for
Threat
to
the
Ego:
When
your
competence
is
threatened,
such
as
in
front
of
colleagues.
We're
very
sensitive
to
this.
S
is
for
Sense
of
Control:
When
you
feel
you
have
little
or
no
control
over
the
situation,
like
being
stuck
in
traffic.
It's
helpful
to
identify
your
sources
of
stress,
because
a
problem
well-defined
is
a
problem
almost
solved.
The
opposite
of
stress
is
not
relaxation---it's
resilience.
If
you
tell
your
brain
that
you
can
deal
with
this,
it
will
stop
producing
the
stress
hormone
and
you
will
calm
down
Get
on
your
bike!
As
various
bits
of
research
have
shown,
cycling
will
lower
your
stress
levels,
whether
you're
doing
a
quick
errand
or
committing
to
a
lifetime
on
two
wheels.
15
MINUTES
LATER
A
2013
study
out
of
Japan
showed
a
marked
drop
in
people's
stress
levels
after
they
pedalled
for
just
15
minutes
on
a
stationary
bike.
AN
HOUR
LATER
Researchers
found
in
2015
that,
compared
to
their
cycling
colleagues,
those
who
drove
or
took
the
subway
breathed
more
shallowly
an
hour
later---a
sure
sign
of
stress.
18
YEARS
LATER
After
following
17,985
adult
commuters
for
18
years,
U.K.
researchers
discovered
in
2014
that
those
who
walked
or
biked
reported
being
happier,
more
confident
and
better
able
to
face
their
problems.
①____________
In
a
2015
study,
researchers
subjected
66
teen
girls
to
a
stress
test.
Some
of
them
held
their
mothers'
hands
during
the
test;
others
had
to
go
it
alone.
The
girls
who
had
contact
with
their
moms
were
able
to
manage
stress
more
effectively.
It's
what
psychologists
refer
to
as
emotional
load
sharing.
②____________
In
a
2007
UCLA
study,
some
patients
hospitalized
for
heart
failure
spent
12
minutes
with
a
therapy
dog,
while
another
group
interacted
with
a
volunteer.
The
dog
crowd
experienced
greater
decreases
in
their
anxiety
level
compared
to
those
patients
whose
visitors
could
actually
talk
back.
40.
__________---may
suffer
the
most
stress
relatively.
A.
Luna,
19--she
has
well
prepared
for
her
first
internship
with
the
help
of
her
mother.
B.
Tom,
29-his
first
day
of
work
starts
at
9:
00
am,
but
he's
in
a
traffic
jam
at
8:
50
am.
C.
Karol,
39-she
finally
had
her
decayed
tooth
pulled
out
last
Thursday
at
the
dentist's.
D.
Jenny,
49-her
colleagues
are
planning
to
give
her
a
farewell
party
and
she's
in
the
dark.
41.
Which
chart
can
best
illustrate
the
effect
of
cycling
?
A.
B.
C.
D.
42.
Which
of
the
following
may
best
suit
the
numbered
blanks?
A
①Raise
your
hand!
②Find
a
volunteer
companion!
B.
①Raise
your
hand!
②Get
a
furry
companion!
C.
①
Hug
your
family!
②
Get
furry
companion!
D.
①Hug
your
family!
②Find
a
volunteer
companion!
(C)
Bretton
Woods
revisited
On
July
22,
1944,
as
allied
troops
were
racing
across
Normandy
to
liberate
Paris,
representatives
of
44
nations
meeting
at
the
Mount
Washington
resort
in
Bretton
Woods,
New
Hampshire,
created
a
financial
and
monetary
system
for
the
postwar
era,
referred
to
as
Bretton
Woods
system.
John
Maynard
Keynes,
leader
of
the
British
delegation,
was
playing
a
tricky
dual
role.
He
had
proposed
a
new
monetary
system
to
free
the
world
from
the
Great
Depression.
He
hoped
that
the
new
monetary
system,
would
be
the
international
pillar
for
the
series
of
domestic
measures
that
came
to
be
known
as
Keynesian—the
use
of
public
spending
to
cure
depression
and
the
regulation
of
financial
markets
to
prevent
downturns
caused
by
failed
private
financial
investments.
Keynes
was
also
hoping
to
restore
Britain's
prewar
position
as
a
leading
industrial
and
financial
power.
His
two
roles
overlapped,
but
far
from
perfectly
The
Americans
shared
the
British
desire
to
restore
world
growth,
but
not
to
preserve
Britain's
empire.
Keynes
wrote
to
his
colleague
after
the
conference
that
in
the
new
International
Monetary
Fund,
“we
have
in
truth
got
both
in
substance
and
in
phrasing
all
that
we
could
reasonably
hope
for.”
The
new
World
Bank,
Keynes
declared,
offered
"grand
possibilities”.
The
Americans
are
virtually
committing
themselves
to
quite
huge
untied
loans
for
reconstruction
and
development.
Yet
in
many
respects,
Bretton
Woods
was
failure
for
Keynes
and
the
British.
America
today
is
often
described
as
the
only
surviving
superpower,
but
in
1944
U.S.
supremacy
was
towering.
Germany
and
Japan
were
on
the
edge
of
ruin.
Britain
had
gone
massively
into
debt.
The
Russians
had
lost
tens
of
millions
of
soldiers
and
civilians.
America
was
unharmed,
its
casualties
were
modest
by
comparison,
it
held
most
of
the
world's
financial
reserves,
and
its
industrial
plant
was
mightier
than
ever.
Though
Keynes
inspired
Bretton
Woods,
the
Americans
won
the
day.
In
most
matters,
a
rival
design
by
Keynes's
American
counterpart,
Harry
Dexter
White,
prevailed.
White,
a
left-wing
New
Dealer
serving
as
No.
2
man
at
the
Department
of
Treasury,
shared
Keynes's
basic
views
on
money.
But
the
White
plan
provided
a
far
more
modest
fund
and
bank.
Instead
of
the
generous
extension
of
wartime
lend-lease
aid
that
Keynes
was
promoting,
the
British
had
to
settle
for
an
American
loan,
to
be
repaid
with
interest.
The
Bretton
Woods
system
was
welcomed
as
a
vast
improvement
over
both
the
rigid
gold
standard
of
pre-1914
and
the
monetary
disorder
of
the
interwar
period.
For
a
quarter-century,
Bretton
Woods
enhanced
a
rare
period
of
steady
growth,
full
employment,
and
financial
stability.
But
in
many
respects,
the
boastful
role
of
the
World
Bank,
the
International
Monetary
Fund,
and
the
Bretton
Woods
rules
specifying
fixed
exchange
rates
was
a
convenient
illusion.
The
system's
true
pillar
was
the
United
States
the
U.S.
dollar
as
global
currency;
the
U.S.
economy
as
the
consumer
market
for
other
nations'
exports;
and
U.S.
recovery
aid
in
the
form
of
the
Marshall
Plan,
which
dwarfed
the
function
of
the
World
Bank.
In
the
early
1970s,
the
Bretton
Woods
system
came
crashing
down
when
domestic
inflation
forced
the
United
States
to
devalue
its
own
currency
and
cease
playing
the
dominant
role.
Monetary
instability
and
slower
growth
followed.
43.
What
can
we
infer
from
the
underlined
sentence
in
paragraph
3?
A.
Keynes
was
satisfied
with
the
outcome
of
the
conference.
B
Keynes
further
explained
the
idea
of
monetary
reform
he
presented.
C.
Keynes
emphasized
the
importance
of
having
a
new
World
Bank.
D.
Keynes
pointed
out
the
important
role
America
played
in
postwar
era.
44.
According
to
the
passage,
Keynes
and
White
had
different
views
on_____.
A.
the
roles
of
US
and
Britain
in
postwar
era.
B.
the
basic
principles
related
to
loans.
C.
the
timing
and
target
of
giving
fund.
D.
the
interest
rate
British
banks
should
offer.
45.
According
to
the
passage,
which
of
the
following
statement
is
TRUE?
A.
The
Bretton
Woods
system
improved
the
rigid
gold
standard
of
the
interwar
period.
B.
International
Monetary
Fund
dominated
the
world
market
in
many
fields.
C.
The
Bretton
Woods
system
largely
depended
on
the
US
economic
success.
D.
Many
countries
received
financial
aid
from
the
World
Bank.
46.
The
passage
is
mainly
about
_____.
A.
the
role
of
economy
in
the
postwar
era.
B.
two
types
of
postwar
diplomacy
and
their
results.
C.
an
individual's
contribution
to
the
postwar
world.
D.
the
development
of
a
financial
system
and
its
impact.
(D)
The
myth
of
short-term
memory
Short-term
memory
contains
the
contents
of
your
thoughts
right
now,
including
what
you
intend
to
do
in
the
next
few
seconds
____47____
You
may
think
about
what
you'll
say
next
in
a
conversation
or
walk
to
the
hall
closet
with
the
intention
of
getting
a
pair
of
gloves.
Short-term
memory
is
easily
disturbed
or
disrupted.
____48____
You
do
this
by
thinking
about
them,
perhaps
repeating
them
over
and
over
again
("I'm
going
to
the
closet
to
get
gloves")
But
any
distraction
a
new
thought,
someone
asking
you
a
question,
the
telephone
ringing---can
disrupt
short-term
memory.
Our
ability
to
automatically
restore
the
contents
of
the
short-term
lightly
with
every
decade
after
30.
____49____
I've
been
teaching
undergraduates
for
my
entire
career
and
can
attest
that
even
20-year-olds
make
short-term
memory
errors--loads
of
them.
They
walk
into
the
wrong
classrooms;
they
show
up
to
exams
without
the
requisite
No.
2
pencil
they
forget
something
I
just
said
2
minutes
before.
These
are
similar
to
the
kinds
of
things
70-year-olds
do.
The
relevant
difference
is
not
age
but
rather
how
we
describe
these
events
the
stories
we
tell
ourselves
about
them.
Twenty-year-olds
don't
think,
"Oh
dear,
this
must
be
early-onset
brain
damage.”
They
think,
“
I
really
need
to
get
more
than
four
hours
of
sleep."The
70-year-old
observes
these
same
events
and
worries
about
her
brain
health.
This
is
not
to
say
that
brain
damage
related
memory
impairments
are
fiction.
____50____
In
the
absence
of
brain
disease,
even
the
oldest
older
adults
show
little
or
no
cognitive
memory
decline
beyond
the
age
85
and
90.
A.
But
age
is
not
the
major
factor
so
commonly
assumed.
B.
Actually,
it
is
doing
some
mental
calculations.
C.
This
is
widely
understood
to
be
a
classic
problem
of
aging.
D.
Some
aspects
of
memory
actually
get
better
as
we
age
E.
It
depends
on
your
active
attention
to
the
items
in
the"next
thing
to
do"
file
in
your
mind.
F.
Instead,
every
lapse
of
short-term
memory
doesn't
necessarily
indicate
a
biological
disorder.
Section
C
Directions:
Fill
in
each
blank
with
a
proper
word
chosen
from
the
box.
Each
word
can
be
used
only
once.
Note
that
there
is
one
word
more
than
you
need.
A.
resolve
B.rival
C.
initiative
D.granted
E.stranded
F.
stretchG.
reserve
H.
cited
I.
collective
J.
sprang
K.
obliged
51.
Under
the
pressing
circumstances,
we
felt
_____
to
deepen
the
reform
and
open
wider
to
the
outside
world.
52.
A
Moscow
company
is
now
marketing
“Sleep
boxes”—freestanding,
mobile
boxes
with
beds
inside—for
travelers
______
overnight,
or
those
in
need
of
a
quick
snooze.
53.
With
the
government's
newly-released
scheme
to
support
small
and
medium-sized
enterprises,
the
dying
industry
was
______
many
privileges
to
continue
its
technical
innovation.
54.
Domestic
interest
rates
are
often______
as
a
major
factor
affecting
exchange
rates.
55.
As
the
new
master
of
the
trading
empire,
with
interests
that
______
from
chemicals
to
sugar,
she
is
burdened
with
the
rise
of
the
family
business.
56.
All
the
criticism
of
her
acting
didn’t
stop
her
pursuit
of
art,
instead
it
merely
strengthened
her
______
to
establish
herself
in
West
End
threatre
productions.
57.
Her
political
consciousness
______
from
her
upbringing
when
her
father's
illness
left
the
family
short
of
money.
58.
Many
theorists
believe
the
ideal
boss
should
lead
teams
from
behind,
taking
pride
in
______
accomplishment
and
giving
credit
where
it
is
due.
59.
So
magnificent
was
the
sight
from
the
top
of
the
mountain
that
we
thought
nothing
could
______
what
we
saw
in
the
Alps.
60.
Were
I
in
charge
of
the
local
wildlife______
,
I
would
by
all
means
prohibit
visitors—whether
they
came
with
commercial
purposes
or
for
pure
recreation—from
getting
into
it.
第Ⅱ卷
V.Translation
Directions:
Translate
the
following
sentences
into
English,
using
the
words
given
in
the
brackets.
61.
专家建议这种饮料六个月内饮用完。(consume)
(汉译英)
62.
我们越多谈论虚拟现实,对它的认识就越深刻。(The比较级,the比较级)
(汉译英)
63.
我们做这份工作不能粗心大意，不然将造成巨大损失。(afford)
(汉译英)
64.
社交网络在我们的生活中扮演了如此重要的角色，以至于它影响了彼此间的沟通方式。(such)
(汉译英)
65.
这座南方小镇值得一游，那儿所有的传统明代建筑都保存完好，人们行走其间宛如置身画中。(where)
(汉译英)
Ⅵ
Guided
Writing
66.
Directions:
Write
an
English
composition
in
about150
words
according
to
the
instructions
given
below
in
Chinese.
寒假中,
你所在的班级将进行一次市内徒步活动,
主题为“寻找上海的年味”,
班长正在征集方案,
请你写一封电子邮件描述你的设想。你的邮件必需包括：
1.活动具体时间和行走线路；
2.你的理由。
