课前导入-美文欣赏
China
to
introduce
'forest
chief'
scheme
nationwide
Trees
cover
a
hillside
in
Wuqi,
Shaanxi
province,
the
first
county
involved
in
the
Conversion
of
Cropland
to
Forest
and
Grassland
Program,
in
last
June.
BEIJING
--
China
has
issued
a
guideline
to
implement
a
"forest
chief"
scheme
nationwide
amid
the
country's
continuous
efforts
to
protect
forests
and
grasslands.
It
was
issued
by
the
general
offices
of
the
Communist
Party
of
China
Central
Committee
and
the
State
Council
and
urged
that
the
"forest
chief"
scheme
will
be
rolled
out
nationwide
by
June
2022.
"General
forest
chiefs"
should
be
appointed
in
all
provincial-level
regions,
said
the
guideline.
It
clarified
all
levels
of
forest
chiefs'
responsibilities
in
protecting
forest
and
grassland
resources.
Under
the
scheme,
China
will
strengthen
ecological
protection
and
restoration
of
forests
and
grasslands,
promote
large-scale
afforestation,
and
enhance
monitoring
and
supervision
for
forest
and
grassland
resources
by
utilizing
modern
information
technologies.
Efforts
will
also
encourage
the
prevention
and
control
of
harmful
pests
and
plant
diseases,
as
well
as
natural
disasters
such
as
fires.
China
started
trials
of
the
"forest
chief"
scheme
in
2017,
and
so
far
up
to
23
provincial
regions,
including
Anhui,
Jiangxi
and
Chongqing,
have
already
carried
out
the
trial
program,
providing
the
foundation
for
nationwide
implementation.
"Nationwide
implementation
of
the
'forest
chief'
scheme
is
a
key
step
in
enhancing
local
responsibilities
in
ecological
protection,"
said
Guan
Zhiou,
head
of
the
National
Forestry
and
Grassland
Administration.
Indicators
measuring
the
performance
of
"forest
chiefs"
will
include
forest
coverage,
forest
stock
volume,
comprehensive
vegetation
coverage
of
grassland
and
the
area
of
desertified
land
restored,
while
specific
targets
will
be
tailored
in
accordance
with
local
conditions,
according
to
Guan.
He
said
he
believes
nationwide
implementation
of
the
scheme
will
help
pool
resources
and
strength
to
enhance
the
protection
of
China's
forest
and
grassland
resources.
课中讲解
根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词
harm
n.
&
vt.
伤害，损害→harmful
adj.
有害的，导致损害的→harmless
adj.
无害的；无恶意的
vary
vi.
改变，变化→variety
n.
不同种类；变化，多样性；变种，变体→various
adj.
各种不同的，各种各样的
survive
vi.
生存，存活；vt.
幸存，幸免于难→survivor
n.
生还者，幸存者→survival
n.
生存，幸存
produce
vt.
生产→production
n.
产量；生产→product
n.
产品→productive
adj.
多产的
extinct
adj.
已灭绝的→extinction
n.
灭绝，绝种
disappear
vi.
消亡；消失，失踪；灭绝→disappearance
n.
消失；灭绝→appear
vi.
出现→appearance
n.
出现；露面；外貌，外观
agriculture
n.
农业，农学→agricultural
adj.
农业的
根据提示补全下列短语
on
account
of
...
=due
to
...
由于，因为
take
one’s
revenge
on
sb.
报复某人，向某人复仇
do
harm
to
...
对……造成伤害
sound
the
alarm
发出警报
be
home
to
...
是……的家园/栖息地
a
wide
range
of
.../
a
wide
variety
of
...
各种各样的……
judge
from
...
根据……判断
be
alive
with
...
充满，到处都是（活的或动的东西）
play
a
significant
role
in
...
在……中充当重要角色/起重要作用
maintain
a
balance
between
A
and
B
在A与B间保持平衡
with
an
area
of
...
占地……
a
mass
of
.../
masses
of
...
大量的……
be
made
up
of
...
由……构成（=consist
of
...）
feed
on
...
以……为食
in
turn
转而，相应地，因此；轮流，依次
break
down
（使）分解；（机器或车辆）出故障，坏掉；（谈判、关系、合作等）失败，破裂；（健康或精神等）崩溃，垮掉
breathe
life
into
...
给……带来起色，注入活力
build
up
逐渐增加，扩大；增强，提高
For
one
thing,
...
For
another
thing,
...
一方面，……
另一方面，……
take
in
欺骗，使上当；摄入，吸收；理解，领会
重点知识点解析
harm
n.
[U]（可用no,
great,
much,
a
lot
of修饰）伤害，损害
vt.
伤害，损害
(教材P1)
The
human
race
has
done
much
harm.
人类已经造成了很多危害。
【用法详解】do
harm
to
sb./sth.
=do
sb./sth.
harm
对某人/某物有害
mean
no
harm
(to
sb.)
（对某人）无恶意
There
is
no
harm
in
(sb’s)
doing
sth./
It
does
no
harm
(for
sb.)
to
do
sth.
做某事没有什么坏处。
harm
sth.
损害某物（指人或国家的机会、前景、利益、声誉或形象等）
-damage,
hurt
如：He
may
look
fierce,
but
he
means
no
harm.
他可能看上去很凶，但并无恶意。
Hard
work
never
did
anyone
any
harm.
努力工作对任何人都绝无害处。
He
may
say
no,
but
there's
no
harm
in
asking/it
does
no
harm
to
ask.
他可能拒绝，但问一问也无妨。
【归纳拓展】词性转换：
harmful
adj.
有害的
?harmless
adj.
无害的；无恶意的
常见搭配
be
harmful/harmless
to
sb./sth.
对……有害/无害
【即时巩固】单句语法填空
①It’s
just
a
bit
of
harmless(harm)
fun.
开个小玩笑罢了，并无恶意的。
②Fruit
juices
can
be
harmful
to
children’s
teeth.
more
than
超过，多于；不仅仅是；很，非常
(教材P2)
With
an
area
of
around
5.5
million
square
kilometres,
the
Amazon
rainforest
is
more
than
half
the
size
of
China.
亚马孙雨林占地约550万平方公里，是中国面积的一半以上。
【用法详解】more
than的用法主要有：
在“more
than
+数字”结构中，more
than意为“超过，多于”，相当于over；反义短语为less
than。如：
Do
not
write
more
than
200
words.
写的东西不要超过200字。
注意
“more
than
one
+可数名词单数”意为“不止一个……”，其含义表复数概念，但形式是单数，即当此结构做主语时，其后的谓语动词用单数形式，类似用法还有many
a（“许多……”）。如：
More
than
one
meaning
is
included
in
some
legal
terms.
有些法律术语有不止一个含义。
在“more
than
+n.”结构中，more
than意为“不止，不仅仅是”。如：
He’s
more
than
a
coach;
he's
a
friend.
他不只是教练，更是朋友。
在“more
than
+adj./adv./v.”结构中，more
than意为“很，非常”，相当于very
(much),
extremely。如：
He
will
be
more
than
happy
(=extremely
happy)
to
come
with
us.
他巴不得和我们一起来。
She
was
more
than
a
little
shaken
(=extremely
shaken)
by
the
experience.
这次经历对她产生了极大的震动。
I’m
sure
conditions
over
there
will
more
than
satisfy
your
requirements.
我确信，那边的条件会大大满足你的要求。
“more
than
+句子（句中常含有can或could）”结构意为“非……所能……，是……难以……的”。如：
The
heat
there
was
more
than
he
could
bear.
那里的高温令他难以忍受。
【归纳拓展】与than相关的其他短语：
more
A
than
B
与其B，倒不如A
less
than
少于，不足
rather
than
而不是not/no
more
than
至多，不超过
no
less
than
多达
other
than
除……之外（就没有了）
-but,
except
如：I
have
no
ambitions
other
than
to
have
a
happy
life
and
be
free.
我没有雄心大志，只求自由自在地过幸福生活。
The
exhibition
at
Boston's
Museum
of
Fine
Arts
is
more
a
production演出
than
it
is
a
museum
display.
波士顿美术博物馆的展览与其说是一次博物馆展出，倒不如说是一场精心设计的展演活动。
No
less
than
35
per
cent
of
the
country
is
protected
in
the
form
of
parks
and
nature
sanctuaries
该国多达35%的地区以公园和自然保护区的形式受到保护。
variety
n.
[C,
usu.
sing.]
不同种类；[U]
变化，多样性；[C]
变种，变体
(教材P3)
The
forest’s
different
levels
support
an
unbelievable
variety
of
wildlife.
雨林的不同层次支撑种类多到难以置信的野生动物生活繁衍。
【用法详解】a
(wide/great/range)
variety
of
.../
varieties
of
...
各种各样的……后常接复数可数名词，作主语时，谓动用复数；there
be句型用就近原则
the
variety
of
...
……的种类后接名词，作主语时，谓动用单数
如：There
is
a
wide
variety
of
patterns
to
choose
from.
有种类繁多的图案可供选择。
A
variety
of/Varieties
of
these
crops
have
been
collected
from
all
around
the
district.
这些不同的作物已从该地区各处收集起来。
I'm
always
pleased
to
try
out
a
new
variety.
我一直乐于尝试新产品。
We
all
need
variety
in
our
diet.
我们都需要饮食多样化。
【归纳拓展】词性转换：
vary
vi.
相异；改变
常见搭配
vary
in
...
在某方面不同
vary
with
...
随……变化
vary
between
...
and
.../
vary
from
...
to
...
从……到……不等，在……与……中变化
various/varied
adj.
各种各样的，不同种类的
如：The
menu
varies
with
the
season.
菜单随季节而变动。
Class
numbers
vary
between
25
and
30.
班级的数目从25到30不等。
The
students’
work
varies
considerably
in
quality.
学生作业的质量甚是参差不齐。
There
are
various/varied
ways
of
doing
this.
做这一工作的方法有很多。
【即时巩固】单句语法填空
①Tastes
and
preferences
vary
from
individual
to
individual.
②She
took
the
job
for
various/varied(vary)
reasons.
③The
star
varies
in
brightness
by
about
three
magnitudes.
星体的亮度大约分三个星等。
survive
vi.
&
vt.
(教材P3)
Although
close
to
extinction
in
other
areas,
jaguars
can
still
survive
here.
美洲豹虽然在其他地区近乎灭绝，但在这里仍可以生存。
【用法详解】survive
vi.
&
vt.
vi.
~
(from
sth.)
|
~
(on
sth.)
存活；继续存在
如：Of
the
six
people
injured
in
the
crash,
only
two
survived.
因这次撞车事故受伤的六人中，只有两人活了下来。
Some
strange
customs
have
survived
from
earlier
times.
有些奇怪的风俗是从早年留存下来的。
I
can’t
survive
on
?40
a
week
(=it
is
not
enough
for
my
basic
needs).
一星期40英镑，我无法维持生活。
vt.
幸存；幸免于难；艰难度过……
如：The
company
managed
to
survive
the
crisis.
公司设法渡过了危机。
Many
birds
didn't
survive
the
severe
winter.
很多鸟死于这次严冬。
vt.
比……活（或存在）的时间长（相当于outlive）
如：She
survived
her
husband
by
ten
years.
=Her
husband
was
survived
by
her
of
ten
years.
丈夫死后她又活了十年。
【归纳拓展】词性转换：
survivor
n.
生还者，幸存者
survival
n.
生存，幸存
【即时巩固】单句语法填空、翻译句子
①$
20
means
a
lot
when
you
survive
on
$
100
a
week.
②His
only
chance
of
survival(survive)
was
a
heart
transplant.
③翻译句子：他在事故中幸免于难，没有骨折。
He
survived
the
accident
with
no
broken
bones.
in
turn
继而，相应地；轮流，依次
(教材P3)
These
frogs,
in
turn,
feed
on
insects
which
eat
leaves
and
fruit.
这些青蛙以昆虫为食，而昆虫继而又以树叶和水果为食。
【用法详解】in
turn意为“转而，相应地；轮流，依次”，可作状语，常位于句中或句末。如：
The
children
called
out
their
names
in
turn.
孩子们逐一自报姓名。
Increased
production
will,
in
turn,
lead
to
increased
profits.
增加生产会继而增加利润。
【归纳拓展】易混辨析：
in
return
(for
...)
作为（对……的）回报/回应
-in
reward
for
...
如：It
seems
only
fair
that
they
should
give
us
something
in
return.
似乎他们应该给我们点什么作为回报才像话。
In
return
for
his
labour,
he
receives
food
and
shelter.
他以他辛苦的劳动换取食物和栖身之所。
due
to
由于，因为（to是介词）；预计做某事（to是不定式符号）；应支付/应给予某人（to是介词）
(教材P3)
Over
the
past
50
years,
17
per
cent
of
the
rainforest
has
disappeared
due
to
human
activities
such
as
agriculture
and
cattle
farming.
在过去的50年里，由于农耕和养牛等人类活动，17%的雨林已经消失了。
【用法详解】due
to的用法：
(be)
due
to
...
由于，因为（to是介词）
-owing
to
...,
on
account
of
...,
because
of
...,
as
a
result
of
...
如：Most
of
the
problems
were
due
to
human
error.
多数问题都是人为错误造成的。
The
project
had
to
be
abandoned
due
to
a
lack
of
government
funding.
这项工程由于缺乏政府的资助而不得不放弃。
be
due
to
do
sth.
预计/预期做某事（to是不定式符号）
如：Rose
is
due
to
start
school
in
January.
罗斯一月份就要开始上学了。
be
due
to
sb.
应付给/应给予某人（to是介词）
如：Have
they
been
paid
the
money
that
is
due
to
them?
他们应得的钱付给他们了吗？
Our
thanks
are
due
to
the
whole
team.
我们要向全队致谢。
impact
n.
[C,
usu.
sing.,
U]
巨大影响/作用；冲击力
v.
~
(on/upon)
sth.（对某事物）有影响/作用
damage
n.
[U]（有形的）损坏，破坏，损失；[U]
消极影响，损害；[pl.]
损害赔偿金
(教材P3)
As
the
impact
of
human
activities
continues
to
grow
and
the
list
of
species
in
danger
of
extinction
becomes
longer,
we
are
left
with
a
question:
can
we
afford
to
damage
the
“lung
of
the
planet”?
人类活动的影响继续扩大，濒危物种的名单变得更长了，这留给我们一个问题：我们能承担得起破坏“地球之肺”的后果吗？
【用法详解】(1)
image的用法：
have/make/leave
an
impact
on/upon
...
=have/make/leave
an
influence/effect
on/upon
...
对…有影响
impact
on/upon
...
=affect/influence
...
对…有影响
如：Businesses
are
beginning
to
feel
the
full
impact
of
the
recession.
工商企业开始感受到了经济衰退的全面冲击。
Her
speech
made
a
profound
impact
on
everyone.
她的讲话对每个人都有深远的影响。
Her
father's
death
impacted
greatly
on
her
childhood
years.
父亲去世对她的童年造成巨大影响。
【用法详解】(2)
damage的用法：
damage
sb./sth.
伤害某人/某物
do/cause
damage
to
...
对……造成损害/破坏
=do
harm
to
...
如：serious/severe/extensive/permanent/minor
damage
重大的/严重的/大范围的/永久性的/轻微的损坏
brain/liver
etc.
damage
脑损伤、肝损伤等
The
earthquake
caused
damage
to
property
estimated
at
$6
million.
地震造成大约600万元的财产损失。
He
was
ordered
to
pay
damages
totalling
?30
000.
他被责令支付总额为3万英镑的损害赔偿金。
词性转换
damaging
adj.
造成破坏的；有害的；损害的
如：damaging
consequences/effects
破坏性的后果/影响
Lead
is
potentially
damaging/harmful
to
children’s
health.
铅对儿童的健康具有潜在损害。
【即时巩固】单句语法填空
①This
could
cause
serious
damage
to
the
country’s
economy.
②They
say
they
expect
the
meeting
to
have
a
marked
impact
on
the
future
of
the
country.
1.
(教材P2)
With
an
area
of
around
5.5
million
square
kilometres,
the
Amazon
rainforest
is
more
than
half
the
size
of
China.
亚马孙雨林占地约550万平方公里，是中国面积的一半以上。
【句式剖析】句中的“is
more
than
half
the
size
of”为倍数表达法。
【考点提炼】倍数表达法
常见的倍数表达法有以下几种：（前“倍”）
A
is＋倍数＋as＋形容词/副词原级＋as
B
A
is＋倍数＋形容词/副词比较级＋than
B
A
is＋倍数＋the＋计量名词＋of
B
倍数＋what从句
注意
(1)注意倍数的位置；倍数部分也可用分数、百分数代替。
(2)表达倍数时，一倍常用once，两倍常用twice或double，三倍及三倍以上常用“基数词+times”。
如：语法填空
It’s
said
that
the
power
plant
is
now
twice
as
large
as
what
it
was.
Sound
travels
about
four
times
faster(fast)
in
water
than
in
air.
Nowadays
the
number
of
the
athletes
in
the
National
Games
is
twice
what
it
was
ten
years
ago.
2.
(教材P3)
Above
that
is
the
mass
of
leaf
litter
on
the
dark
forest
floor.
在那之上，大量落叶层覆盖着昏暗的雨林地面。
【句式剖析】本句为完全倒装句。因作表语的介词短语也表方位或地点Above
that置于句子开头，整句进行了全部倒装。正常语序为：“The
mass
of
leaf
litter
on
the
dark
forest
floor
is
above
that.”。
【考点提炼】完全倒装
完全倒装，即将句中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前，此结构通常只用于一般现在时和一般过去时，不用于进行或将来时。使用完全倒装的情况有：
①当主语是名词时，将表示地点或方位的副词、介词短语置于句首，如here,
there,
up,
down,
in,
away,
off,
out,
in
the
room,
on
the
wall等（如果主语为人称代词，则不需倒装）；
②such置于句首时，其后的句子要用完全倒装；
③表语（分词、不定式、形容词、介词短语等）前置，句子用全部倒装。
如：(1)Into
the
dark
apartment
walked
David,
who
was
quite
surprised
when
everyone
shouted
Happy
Birthday.
大卫走进了黑暗的房间，当大家喊生日快乐时，他感到很惊讶。
(2)Then
came
the
order
to
take
off.
起飞的命令到了。
(3)Such
is(be)
our
home
in
the
future.
这就是我们未来的家。（此句也可看做因表语前置引起的完全倒装）
(4)Sitting
at
the
back
of
the
classroom
were
several
old
teachers.
→现在分词、过去分词或不定式置于句首
(5)Gone
are
the
days
when
my
heart
was
young
and
happy.
(6)Great
was
his
surprise
when
he
heard
the
news.
他听到这个消息时大为吃惊。
√小试身手-完成句子
有些人担心旅游业的迅速发展可能会破坏当地环境。（damage
n.）
Some
people
worried
that
the
rapid
development
of
tourism
might
______________
the
local
environment.
位于湖中央的这个岛是各种各样候鸟的落脚地。（home;
variety）
Located
in
the
centre
of
the
lake,
the
island
______________________
migrant
birds.
现在这个村庄的人口数量是十年前的五倍。（倍数表达法）
The
population
now
in
this
village
is
______________________
it
was
ten
years
ago.
课后练习
Ⅰ.
单句语法填空
Being
exposed
to
sunlight
for
too
long
will
do
harm
______
your
skin.
You’d
better
give
up
using
that
kind
of
medicine,
because
it
may
be
______(harm)
to
your
stomach.
What’s
particularly
interesting
is
the
attitude
______(vary)
cities
have
towards
Dubanchet’s
cause.
I
can’t
survive
______
?40
a
week.
The
movie
is
about
______
and
the
choices
people
make
when
they
want
to
______.
In
the
movie
the
______
have
much
trouble
in______.
(survive)
Your
camp
provides
a
good
chance
for
me,
where
I
can
know
more
about
other
countries,
and
in
turn
tell
them
something
about
China.
A
total
eclipse(日食)
is
due
______(take)
place
some
time
tomorrow.
You
were
very
rude
to
him
just
now,
for
______you
should
make
an
apology
to
him.
Her
speech
made
a
profound(深远的)
impact
______
everyone.
______(judge)
from
his
cheerful
manner,
he
must
have
enjoyed
his
meal.
II.
用方框内所给短语的适当形式完成下列句子
in
turn
breathe
life
into
break
down
take
in欺骗，使上当；摄入，吸收；理解，领会
more
than
be
due
to
build
up
1．Humans
______oxygen
and
breathe
out
carbon
dioxide.
2．He
will
be
______
happy
to
come
with
us.
3．It
may
take
a
few
weeks
for
you
to
______
your
strength
again.
4．We
need
some
new
people
to
______
this
project.
5．Talks
with
business
leaders
______
last
night.
6．Have
they
been
paid
the
money
that
______
them?
7．There
were
cheers
for
each
of
the
women
as
they
spoke
______轮流.
III.
阅读理解
A
If
you’ll
be
taking
vacation
time
in
the
coming
year
and
plan
on
flying,
here
are
some
shopping
tips
for
you.
Those
who
fly
first
class
and
don’t
care
what
airline
tickets
cost
are
excused
from
this
lesson.
When
to
buy
If
you
are
shopping
for
domestic(国内的)
flights,
check
prices
on
Tuesday
afternoons.
This
is
an
old
tip
but
still
useful
because
most
US
carriers
continue
to
release
sales
on
Tuesday
morning,
and
competitors
quickly
drop
their
fares
to
match
the
better
deals.
When
to
fly
Weekdays
continue
to
be
generally
cheaper
times
to
fly
than
weekends
for
most
flights.
In
the
US,
the
cheapest
days
are
typically
Tuesday,
Wednesday
and
Saturday.
A
good
itinerary(行程)
for
the
expensive
US
spring
break
travel
period
is
Tuesday
to
Saturday;
it
will
save
you
money
over
weekend-to-weekend
travel.
Where
to
fly
We
continue
to
see
good
deals
to
Boston
and
Denver
and
more
and
more
nice
prices
to
Chicago,
Seattle
and
Washington,
D.
C.
As
for
Europe,
there
have
been
surprising
deals
throughout
the
fall
and
those
will
continue
into
the
winter.
Direct
vs.
connecting
flights
Compare
the
price
of
direct
with
connecting
flights.
Sometimes
adding
a
stop
to
your
route
will
save
you
money.
An
example:
an
Francisco
to
Raleigh/Durham:
$553
direct,
$362
one-stop.
You’d
better
think
twice
about
the
direct
flight
for
San
Francisco
to
Raleigh.
Compare,
compare,
compare
Stifle
the
impulse
to
go
to
your
favorite
airline
site
to
purchase
tickets
without
doing
any
comparison.
Example:
Let’s
say
you
want
to
fly
from
New
York
to
London
and
figure
your
favorite
US
legacy
carrier
will
get
you
there
for
the
best
price.
Airline
price:
$554
round-trip.
However,
the
comparison
site
also
showed
a
cheaper
flight
from
the
same
legacy
carrier
($521).
See
what
you’re
missing
when
you
fail
to
compare?
1.
When
can
you
possibly
find
the
best
price
for
flights
within
the
US?
A.
On
Monday
morning.
B.
On
Tuesday
morning.
C.
On
Tuesday
afternoon.
D.
On
Sunday
morning.
2.
What
does
the
underlined
phrase
“stifle
the
impulse”
in
the
last
but
one
paragraph
mean?
A.
Feel
free
to
do
something.
B.
Hold
off
on
doing
something.
C.
Get
well
prepared
for
something.
D.
Make
quick
decision
on
something.
3.
Who
is
the
text
intended
for?
A.
Those
who
usually
choose
first
class
for
their
flights.
B.
Those
who
want
to
find
suggestions
on
where
to
fly.
C.
Those
who
are
traveling
during
the
spring
break.
D.
Those
who
are
looking
for
the
best
airline
ticket
prices.
B
People
like
to
post
their
selfies(自拍照)
on
social
media.
To
know
more
about
it,
scientists
at
Syracuse
University
in
New
York
recently
did
a
research
and
came
up
with
some
surprising
findings.
People
who
post
selfies
and
use
editing
software
to
make
themselves
look
better
show
behavior
connected
to
narcissism(自恋),
the
researchers
said.
Makana
Chock,
a
professor
from
Syracuse
University,
said
because
social
media
is
mostly
used
by
people
to
share
unimportant
information
about
their
lives,
it
is
a
good
place
for
people
to
“work
towards
satisfying
their
own
vanity.”
Those
“likes”
under
their
Facebook
selfies
make
them
feel
good.
Besides,
people
who
post
group
selfies
show
a
need
for
popularity
and
a
need
to
belong
to
a
group,
the
research
found.
Some
people
feel
“peer(同伴)
pressure”
to
post
selfies
and
some
follow
the
popular
belief
that
if
there
is
no
picture
of
an
event
or
experience,
it
did
not
really
happen.
“Anyway,
it
shouldn’t
be
seen
as
negative.
People
get
sense
of
satisfaction
especially
when
they
get
likes.
And
it
does
no
harm,”
Chock
said.
Other
findings
from
the
study
include:
There
are
no
major
differences
on
how
often
men
and
women
post
selfies
and
how
often
they
use
editing
software.
But
men
who
post
selfies
showed
more
of
a
need
to
be
seen
as
popular
than
women
who
posted
selfies.
Chock
said
posting
selfies
on
social
media
is
not
all
that
different
from
what
people
have
done
for
many
years.
On
trips
and
special
events,
our
parents
and
grandparents
used
cameras
instead
of
phones
to
take
photos.
They
would
bring
back
photos
to
show
friends
and
family.
You
had
no
choice
but
to
look
at
them.
You
probably
commented
about
how
nice
everyone
in
the
photos
looked,
especially
children
and
the
person
showing
the
photos.
They
were
happy
to
hear
your
comments.
That
was
the
old
way
of
“clicking
like”.
On
social
media,
however,
people
can
decide
not
to
look
at
photos
--
even
if
they
click
“like”.
4.
What
is
the
research
mainly
about?
A.
The
ways
of
making
people
look
better
in
selfies.
B.
The
reasons
for
people
posting
selfies
on
social
media.
C.
The
differences
between
men
and
women
in
posting
selfies.
D.
The
connections
between
posting
selfies
and
mental
health.
5.
What
does
the
word
“vanity”
in
paragraph
2
probably
mean?
A.
A
deep
desire
to
know
about
something.
B.
A
special
need
to
be
more
popular.
C.
Too
much
pride
in
one’s
own
appearance.
D.
Strong
determination
to
improve
oneself.
6.
What
is
Chock’s
attitude
towards
selfie
posting?
A.
Ambiguous.
B.
Cautious.
C.
Disapproving.
D.
Supportive.
7.
From
the
last
paragraph,
we
know
that
the
older
generations
showed
their
photos
to
friends
and
family
______.
A.
to
win
praise
from
viewers
B.
to
show
off
their
cameras
C.
to
improve
relationships
D.
to
share
good
moments
IV.
七选五阅读
It
is
known
to
us
all
that
thinking
is
a
good
thing.
However,
some
people
don't
do
it
enough,
while
some
people
overthink
everything.
If
you're
an
overthinker,
it
can
be
exhausting
running
through
all
the
possibilities
of
everything.
It's
not
good
that
the
what-ifs
run
your
life
and
you
are
trapped.
16
.
Here
are
some
signs
that
you
are
an
overhinker,
even
if
you
don't
feel
you
are.
■
17
Why
didn't
the
girl
look
at
me?
And
why
did
Peter
look
away
so
fast?
What
does
it
all
mean?!
When
you're
an
overthinker,
you
tend
to
find
meaning
in
the
world
around
you.
It's
helpful
to
remind
yourself
that
things
mean
the
meaning
you
give
them.
■
You
think
more
than
you
do.
Sometimes
you
think
so
much
that
you
don't
end
up
doing
anything.
You
weigh
the
choices,
decide
which
is
the
best,
and
compare;
it
with
a
new
choice.
You
end
up
doing
nothing.
18
■
You
find
it
difficult
to
let
things
go.
When
you've
invested
a
lot
of
time
and
energy
into
something,
it
can
be
hard
to
let
it
go
when
it
isn't
working.
19
The
more
you
think
about
something,
the
more
it
can
eat
away
at
you.
■
You
want
to
get
everything
right.
You
might
be
a
perfectionist.
You
always
do
your
best.
But
when
you
don't
get
everything
right,
you
seriously
blame
yourself.
By
recognizing
that
this
can
be
a
strength
as
well
as
a
weakness,
you
should
know
that
you
simply
can't
get
everything
right,
despite
your
best
efforts.
20
Remind
yourself
that
you
can
balance
your
level
of
over-thinking
with
more
doing.
You
can
even
teach
someone
else
who
under
thinks!
A.
You
may
continue
thinking
about
it
even
when
you
believe
you
have
already
let
it
go.
B.
You
assume
that
others
know
what
you
re
thinking
about.
C.
Remember
that,
instead
of
just
thinking,
it's
equally
important
to
act.
D.
You're
proud
of
the
act
that
you’re
always
thinking.
E.
You
look
for
meaning
in
everything.
F.
It's
even
worse
when
you're
unaware
that
you
are
just
like
this.
G.
Can
any
of
the
above
signs
be
found
on
you?
自我总结-单元单词默写
_____________
/hɑ?m/
n.
&
vt.
伤害，损害
(1)
_____________
/s??l/
n.
土壤；国土，领土，土地
(1)
_____________
/?i?k??s?st?m/
n.
生态系统
(2)
_____________
/???v??si?z/
adj.
海外的，国外的
adv.
向（在）海外，向（在）国外
(2)
_____________
/?ri?d??n/
n.
地区，区域；行政区
(2)
_____________
/?k?nt?n?nt/
n.
大陆，陆地；洲
(2)
_____________
/?m?lj?n/
n.
一百万；许多，大量
(2)
_____________
/le?θ/
n.
长，长度；时间的长短；篇幅，（电影）片长
(2)
_____________
/?ba???da??v??s?ti/
n.
生物多样性
(2)
_____________
/?spi??i?z/
n.
(pl.
species)
种，物种
(2)
_____________
/n?t/
n.
坚果
(3)
→_____________
巴西坚果
(3)
_____________
/?l?li/
n.
百合（花）
(3)
→_____________
睡莲
(3)
_____________
/v??ra??ti/
n.
不同种类；变化，多样性；变种，变体
(3)
_____________
/?wa?ldla?f/
n.
野生动植物，野生生物
(3)
_____________
/b??ni?θ/
prep.
在…下面，在…下方；配不上
(3)
_____________
/m?s/
n.
大量；团，块，堆；一大群
adj.
大批的，广泛的
(3)
_____________
/?ta??r??/
adj.
高大的，高耸的；出色的
(3)
_____________
/?hɑ?dw?d/
n.
阔叶树；硬材（阔叶树的木材）
(3)
_____________
/?l?v??/
adj.
活着的，活的；在使用的
n.
生计，谋生；生活方式
(3)
_____________
/?m?ml/
n.
哺乳动物
(3)
_____________
/?d??ɡju?(r)/
n.
美洲豹，美洲虎
(3)
_____________
/s??va?v/
vi.
生存，存活
vt.
幸存，幸免于难
(3)
_____________
/fr?ɡ/
n.
蛙，青蛙
(3)
_____________
相应地，转而
(3)
_____________
/??nsekt/
n.
昆虫
(3)
_____________
/?ma?kr?????g?n?z?m/
n.
微生物
(3)
_____________
使分解（为），使变化（成）
(3)
_____________
/?nju?tri?nt/
n.
营养素，营养物
(3)
_____________
给…带来起色，
注入活力
(3)
_____________
/?kɑ?b?n/
n.
碳
(3)
_____________
/??ks?d??n/
n.
氧，氧气
(3)
_____________
/??s/
adv.
因此，从而；这样
(3)
_____________
/?d?s??p??(r)/
vi.
不复存在，灭绝，消亡；消失；失踪
(3)
_____________
由于，因为
(3)
_____________
/??ɡr?k?lt??(r)/
n.
农业，农学
(3)
_____________
/?k?tl/
n.
牛
(3)
_____________
/??mp?kt/
n.
影响，作用；撞击，冲撞
/?m?p?kt/
vi.
&
vt.
有影响；冲击
(3)
_____________
/?k?st??k?n/
n.
灭绝，绝种
(3)
_____________
/?d?m?d?/
vt.
&
n.
损害，伤害，
损坏，破坏
_____________
/?kla?m?t/
n.
气候；倾向，风气
(5)
41.
_____________
逐渐增加，扩大
(5)
课前导入-美文欣赏
China
to
introduce
'forest
chief'
scheme
nationwide
Trees
cover
a
hillside
in
Wuqi,
Shaanxi
province,
the
first
county
involved
in
the
Conversion
of
Cropland
to
Forest
and
Grassland
Program,
in
last
June.
BEIJING
--
China
has
issued
a
guideline
to
implement
a
"forest
chief"
scheme
nationwide
amid
the
country's
continuous
efforts
to
protect
forests
and
grasslands.
It
was
issued
by
the
general
offices
of
the
Communist
Party
of
China
Central
Committee
and
the
State
Council
and
urged
that
the
"forest
chief"
scheme
will
be
rolled
out
nationwide
by
June
2022.
"General
forest
chiefs"
should
be
appointed
in
all
provincial-level
regions,
said
the
guideline.
It
clarified
all
levels
of
forest
chiefs'
responsibilities
in
protecting
forest
and
grassland
resources.
Under
the
scheme,
China
will
strengthen
ecological
protection
and
restoration
of
forests
and
grasslands,
promote
large-scale
afforestation,
and
enhance
monitoring
and
supervision
for
forest
and
grassland
resources
by
utilizing
modern
information
technologies.
Efforts
will
also
encourage
the
prevention
and
control
of
harmful
pests
and
plant
diseases,
as
well
as
natural
disasters
such
as
fires.
China
started
trials
of
the
"forest
chief"
scheme
in
2017,
and
so
far
up
to
23
provincial
regions,
including
Anhui,
Jiangxi
and
Chongqing,
have
already
carried
out
the
trial
program,
providing
the
foundation
for
nationwide
implementation.
"Nationwide
implementation
of
the
'forest
chief'
scheme
is
a
key
step
in
enhancing
local
responsibilities
in
ecological
protection,"
said
Guan
Zhiou,
head
of
the
National
Forestry
and
Grassland
Administration.
Indicators
measuring
the
performance
of
"forest
chiefs"
will
include
forest
coverage,
forest
stock
volume,
comprehensive
vegetation
coverage
of
grassland
and
the
area
of
desertified
land
restored,
while
specific
targets
will
be
tailored
in
accordance
with
local
conditions,
according
to
Guan.
He
said
he
believes
nationwide
implementation
of
the
scheme
will
help
pool
resources
and
strength
to
enhance
the
protection
of
China's
forest
and
grassland
resources.
课中讲解
根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词
harm
n.
&
vt.
伤害，损害→harmful
adj.
有害的，导致损害的→harmless
adj.
无害的；无恶意的
vary
vi.
改变，变化→variety
n.
不同种类；变化，多样性；变种，变体→various
adj.
各种不同的，各种各样的
survive
vi.
生存，存活；vt.
幸存，幸免于难→survivor
n.
生还者，幸存者→survival
n.
生存，幸存
produce
vt.
生产→production
n.
产量；生产→product
n.
产品→productive
adj.
多产的
extinct
adj.
已灭绝的→extinction
n.
灭绝，绝种
disappear
vi.
消亡；消失，失踪；灭绝→disappearance
n.
消失；灭绝→appear
vi.
出现→appearance
n.
出现；露面；外貌，外观
agriculture
n.
农业，农学→agricultural
adj.
农业的
根据提示补全下列短语
on
account
of
...
=due
to
...
由于，因为
take
one’s
revenge
on
sb.
报复某人，向某人复仇
do
harm
to
...
对……造成伤害
sound
the
alarm
发出警报
be
home
to
...
是……的家园/栖息地
a
wide
range
of
.../
a
wide
variety
of
...
各种各样的……
judge
from
...
根据……判断
be
alive
with
...
充满，到处都是（活的或动的东西）
play
a
significant
role
in
...
在……中充当重要角色/起重要作用
maintain
a
balance
between
A
and
B
在A与B间保持平衡
with
an
area
of
...
占地……
a
mass
of
.../
masses
of
...
大量的……
be
made
up
of
...
由……构成（=consist
of
...）
feed
on
...
以……为食
in
turn
转而，相应地，因此；轮流，依次
break
down
（使）分解；（机器或车辆）出故障，坏掉；（谈判、关系、合作等）失败，破裂；（健康或精神等）崩溃，垮掉
breathe
life
into
...
给……带来起色，注入活力
build
up
逐渐增加，扩大；增强，提高
For
one
thing,
...
For
another
thing,
...
一方面，……
另一方面，……
take
in
欺骗，使上当；摄入，吸收；理解，领会
重点知识点解析
harm
n.
[U]（可用no,
great,
much,
a
lot
of修饰）伤害，损害
vt.
伤害，损害
(教材P1)
The
human
race
has
done
much
harm.
人类已经造成了很多危害。
【用法详解】do
harm
to
sb./sth.
=do
sb./sth.
harm
对某人/某物有害
mean
no
harm
(to
sb.)
（对某人）无恶意
There
is
no
harm
in
(sb’s)
doing
sth./
It
does
no
harm
(for
sb.)
to
do
sth.
做某事没有什么坏处。
harm
sth.
损害某物（指人或国家的机会、前景、利益、声誉或形象等）
-damage,
hurt
如：He
may
look
fierce,
but
he
means
no
harm.
他可能看上去很凶，但并无恶意。
Hard
work
never
did
anyone
any
harm.
努力工作对任何人都绝无害处。
He
may
say
no,
but
there's
no
harm
in
asking/it
does
no
harm
to
ask.
他可能拒绝，但问一问也无妨。
【归纳拓展】词性转换：
harmful
adj.
有害的
?harmless
adj.
无害的；无恶意的
常见搭配
be
harmful/harmless
to
sb./sth.
对……有害/无害
【即时巩固】单句语法填空
①It’s
just
a
bit
of
harmless(harm)
fun.
开个小玩笑罢了，并无恶意的。
②Fruit
juices
can
be
harmful
to
children’s
teeth.
more
than
超过，多于；不仅仅是；很，非常
(教材P2)
With
an
area
of
around
5.5
million
square
kilometres,
the
Amazon
rainforest
is
more
than
half
the
size
of
China.
亚马孙雨林占地约550万平方公里，是中国面积的一半以上。
【用法详解】more
than的用法主要有：
在“more
than
+数字”结构中，more
than意为“超过，多于”，相当于over；反义短语为less
than。如：
Do
not
write
more
than
200
words.
写的东西不要超过200字。
注意
“more
than
one
+可数名词单数”意为“不止一个……”，其含义表复数概念，但形式是单数，即当此结构做主语时，其后的谓语动词用单数形式，类似用法还有many
a（“许多……”）。如：
More
than
one
meaning
is
included
in
some
legal
terms.
有些法律术语有不止一个含义。
在“more
than
+n.”结构中，more
than意为“不止，不仅仅是”。如：
He’s
more
than
a
coach;
he's
a
friend.
他不只是教练，更是朋友。
在“more
than
+adj./adv./v.”结构中，more
than意为“很，非常”，相当于very
(much),
extremely。如：
He
will
be
more
than
happy
(=extremely
happy)
to
come
with
us.
他巴不得和我们一起来。
She
was
more
than
a
little
shaken
(=extremely
shaken)
by
the
experience.
这次经历对她产生了极大的震动。
I’m
sure
conditions
over
there
will
more
than
satisfy
your
requirements.
我确信，那边的条件会大大满足你的要求。
“more
than
+句子（句中常含有can或could）”结构意为“非……所能……，是……难以……的”。如：
The
heat
there
was
more
than
he
could
bear.
那里的高温令他难以忍受。
【归纳拓展】与than相关的其他短语：
more
A
than
B
与其B，倒不如A
less
than
少于，不足
rather
than
而不是not/no
more
than
至多，不超过
no
less
than
多达
other
than
除……之外（就没有了）
-but,
except
如：I
have
no
ambitions
other
than
to
have
a
happy
life
and
be
free.
我没有雄心大志，只求自由自在地过幸福生活。
The
exhibition
at
Boston's
Museum
of
Fine
Arts
is
more
a
production演出
than
it
is
a
museum
display.
波士顿美术博物馆的展览与其说是一次博物馆展出，倒不如说是一场精心设计的展演活动。
No
less
than
35
per
cent
of
the
country
is
protected
in
the
form
of
parks
and
nature
sanctuaries
该国多达35%的地区以公园和自然保护区的形式受到保护。
variety
n.
[C,
usu.
sing.]
不同种类；[U]
变化，多样性；[C]
变种，变体
(教材P3)
The
forest’s
different
levels
support
an
unbelievable
variety
of
wildlife.
雨林的不同层次支撑种类多到难以置信的野生动物生活繁衍。
【用法详解】a
(wide/great/range)
variety
of
.../
varieties
of
...
各种各样的……后常接复数可数名词，作主语时，谓动用复数；there
be句型用就近原则
the
variety
of
...
……的种类后接名词，作主语时，谓动用单数
如：There
is
a
wide
variety
of
patterns
to
choose
from.
有种类繁多的图案可供选择。
A
variety
of/Varieties
of
these
crops
have
been
collected
from
all
around
the
district.
这些不同的作物已从该地区各处收集起来。
I'm
always
pleased
to
try
out
a
new
variety.
我一直乐于尝试新产品。
We
all
need
variety
in
our
diet.
我们都需要饮食多样化。
【归纳拓展】词性转换：
vary
vi.
相异；改变
常见搭配
vary
in
...
在某方面不同
vary
with
...
随……变化
vary
between
...
and
.../
vary
from
...
to
...
从……到……不等，在……与……中变化
various/varied
adj.
各种各样的，不同种类的
如：The
menu
varies
with
the
season.
菜单随季节而变动。
Class
numbers
vary
between
25
and
30.
班级的数目从25到30不等。
The
students’
work
varies
considerably
in
quality.
学生作业的质量甚是参差不齐。
There
are
various/varied
ways
of
doing
this.
做这一工作的方法有很多。
【即时巩固】单句语法填空
①Tastes
and
preferences
vary
from
individual
to
individual.
②She
took
the
job
for
various/varied(vary)
reasons.
③The
star
varies
in
brightness
by
about
three
magnitudes.
星体的亮度大约分三个星等。
survive
vi.
&
vt.
(教材P3)
Although
close
to
extinction
in
other
areas,
jaguars
can
still
survive
here.
美洲豹虽然在其他地区近乎灭绝，但在这里仍可以生存。
【用法详解】survive
vi.
&
vt.
vi.
~
(from
sth.)
|
~
(on
sth.)
存活；继续存在
如：Of
the
six
people
injured
in
the
crash,
only
two
survived.
因这次撞车事故受伤的六人中，只有两人活了下来。
Some
strange
customs
have
survived
from
earlier
times.
有些奇怪的风俗是从早年留存下来的。
I
can’t
survive
on
?40
a
week
(=it
is
not
enough
for
my
basic
needs).
一星期40英镑，我无法维持生活。
vt.
幸存；幸免于难；艰难度过……
如：The
company
managed
to
survive
the
crisis.
公司设法渡过了危机。
Many
birds
didn't
survive
the
severe
winter.
很多鸟死于这次严冬。
vt.
比……活（或存在）的时间长（相当于outlive）
如：She
survived
her
husband
by
ten
years.
=Her
husband
was
survived
by
her
of
ten
years.
丈夫死后她又活了十年。
【归纳拓展】词性转换：
survivor
n.
生还者，幸存者
survival
n.
生存，幸存
【即时巩固】单句语法填空、翻译句子
①$
20
means
a
lot
when
you
survive
on
$
100
a
week.
②His
only
chance
of
survival(survive)
was
a
heart
transplant.
③翻译句子：他在事故中幸免于难，没有骨折。
He
survived
the
accident
with
no
broken
bones.
in
turn
继而，相应地；轮流，依次
(教材P3)
These
frogs,
in
turn,
feed
on
insects
which
eat
leaves
and
fruit.
这些青蛙以昆虫为食，而昆虫继而又以树叶和水果为食。
【用法详解】in
turn意为“转而，相应地；轮流，依次”，可作状语，常位于句中或句末。如：
The
children
called
out
their
names
in
turn.
孩子们逐一自报姓名。
Increased
production
will,
in
turn,
lead
to
increased
profits.
增加生产会继而增加利润。
【归纳拓展】易混辨析：
in
return
(for
...)
作为（对……的）回报/回应
-in
reward
for
...
如：It
seems
only
fair
that
they
should
give
us
something
in
return.
似乎他们应该给我们点什么作为回报才像话。
In
return
for
his
labour,
he
receives
food
and
shelter.
他以他辛苦的劳动换取食物和栖身之所。
due
to
由于，因为（to是介词）；预计做某事（to是不定式符号）；应支付/应给予某人（to是介词）
(教材P3)
Over
the
past
50
years,
17
per
cent
of
the
rainforest
has
disappeared
due
to
human
activities
such
as
agriculture
and
cattle
farming.
在过去的50年里，由于农耕和养牛等人类活动，17%的雨林已经消失了。
【用法详解】due
to的用法：
(be)
due
to
...
由于，因为（to是介词）
-owing
to
...,
on
account
of
...,
because
of
...,
as
a
result
of
...
如：Most
of
the
problems
were
due
to
human
error.
多数问题都是人为错误造成的。
The
project
had
to
be
abandoned
due
to
a
lack
of
government
funding.
这项工程由于缺乏政府的资助而不得不放弃。
be
due
to
do
sth.
预计/预期做某事（to是不定式符号）
如：Rose
is
due
to
start
school
in
January.
罗斯一月份就要开始上学了。
be
due
to
sb.
应付给/应给予某人（to是介词）
如：Have
they
been
paid
the
money
that
is
due
to
them?
他们应得的钱付给他们了吗？
Our
thanks
are
due
to
the
whole
team.
我们要向全队致谢。
impact
n.
[C,
usu.
sing.,
U]
巨大影响/作用；冲击力
v.
~
(on/upon)
sth.（对某事物）有影响/作用
damage
n.
[U]（有形的）损坏，破坏，损失；[U]
消极影响，损害；[pl.]
损害赔偿金
(教材P3)
As
the
impact
of
human
activities
continues
to
grow
and
the
list
of
species
in
danger
of
extinction
becomes
longer,
we
are
left
with
a
question:
can
we
afford
to
damage
the
“lung
of
the
planet”?
人类活动的影响继续扩大，濒危物种的名单变得更长了，这留给我们一个问题：我们能承担得起破坏“地球之肺”的后果吗？
【用法详解】(1)
image的用法：
have/make/leave
an
impact
on/upon
...
=have/make/leave
an
influence/effect
on/upon
...
对…有影响
impact
on/upon
...
=affect/influence
...
对…有影响
如：Businesses
are
beginning
to
feel
the
full
impact
of
the
recession.
工商企业开始感受到了经济衰退的全面冲击。
Her
speech
made
a
profound
impact
on
everyone.
她的讲话对每个人都有深远的影响。
Her
father's
death
impacted
greatly
on
her
childhood
years.
父亲去世对她的童年造成巨大影响。
【用法详解】(2)
damage的用法：
damage
sb./sth.
伤害某人/某物
do/cause
damage
to
...
对……造成损害/破坏
=do
harm
to
...
如：serious/severe/extensive/permanent/minor
damage
重大的/严重的/大范围的/永久性的/轻微的损坏
brain/liver
etc.
damage
脑损伤、肝损伤等
The
earthquake
caused
damage
to
property
estimated
at
$6
million.
地震造成大约600万元的财产损失。
He
was
ordered
to
pay
damages
totalling
?30
000.
他被责令支付总额为3万英镑的损害赔偿金。
词性转换
damaging
adj.
造成破坏的；有害的；损害的
如：damaging
consequences/effects
破坏性的后果/影响
Lead
is
potentially
damaging/harmful
to
children’s
health.
铅对儿童的健康具有潜在损害。
【即时巩固】单句语法填空
①This
could
cause
serious
damage
to
the
country’s
economy.
②They
say
they
expect
the
meeting
to
have
a
marked
impact
on
the
future
of
the
country.
1.
(教材P2)
With
an
area
of
around
5.5
million
square
kilometres,
the
Amazon
rainforest
is
more
than
half
the
size
of
China.
亚马孙雨林占地约550万平方公里，是中国面积的一半以上。
【句式剖析】句中的“is
more
than
half
the
size
of”为倍数表达法。
【考点提炼】倍数表达法
常见的倍数表达法有以下几种：（前“倍”）
A
is＋倍数＋as＋形容词/副词原级＋as
B
A
is＋倍数＋形容词/副词比较级＋than
B
A
is＋倍数＋the＋计量名词＋of
B
倍数＋what从句
注意
(1)注意倍数的位置；倍数部分也可用分数、百分数代替。
(2)表达倍数时，一倍常用once，两倍常用twice或double，三倍及三倍以上常用“基数词+times”。
如：语法填空
It’s
said
that
the
power
plant
is
now
twice
as
large
as
what
it
was.
Sound
travels
about
four
times
faster(fast)
in
water
than
in
air.
Nowadays
the
number
of
the
athletes
in
the
National
Games
is
twice
what
it
was
ten
years
ago.
2.
(教材P3)
Above
that
is
the
mass
of
leaf
litter
on
the
dark
forest
floor.
在那之上，大量落叶层覆盖着昏暗的雨林地面。
【句式剖析】本句为完全倒装句。因作表语的介词短语也表方位或地点Above
that置于句子开头，整句进行了全部倒装。正常语序为：“The
mass
of
leaf
litter
on
the
dark
forest
floor
is
above
that.”。
【考点提炼】完全倒装
完全倒装，即将句中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前，此结构通常只用于一般现在时和一般过去时，不用于进行或将来时。使用完全倒装的情况有：
①当主语是名词时，将表示地点或方位的副词、介词短语置于句首，如here,
there,
up,
down,
in,
away,
off,
out,
in
the
room,
on
the
wall等（如果主语为人称代词，则不需倒装）；
②such置于句首时，其后的句子要用完全倒装；
③表语（分词、不定式、形容词、介词短语等）前置，句子用全部倒装。
如：(1)Into
the
dark
apartment
walked
David,
who
was
quite
surprised
when
everyone
shouted
Happy
Birthday.
大卫走进了黑暗的房间，当大家喊生日快乐时，他感到很惊讶。
(2)Then
came
the
order
to
take
off.
起飞的命令到了。
(3)Such
is(be)
our
home
in
the
future.
这就是我们未来的家。（此句也可看做因表语前置引起的完全倒装）
(4)Sitting
at
the
back
of
the
classroom
were
several
old
teachers.
→现在分词、过去分词或不定式置于句首
(5)Gone
are
the
days
when
my
heart
was
young
and
happy.
(6)Great
was
his
surprise
when
he
heard
the
news.
他听到这个消息时大为吃惊。
√小试身手-完成句子
有些人担心旅游业的迅速发展可能会破坏当地环境。（damage
n.）
Some
people
worried
that
the
rapid
development
of
tourism
might
______________
the
local
environment.
位于湖中央的这个岛是各种各样候鸟的落脚地。（home;
variety）
Located
in
the
centre
of
the
lake,
the
island
______________________
migrant
birds.
现在这个村庄的人口数量是十年前的五倍。（倍数表达法）
The
population
now
in
this
village
is
______________________
it
was
ten
years
ago.
【答案】1.
do
damage
to
2.
is
home
to
a
variety
of
3.
five
times
what
课后练习
Ⅰ.
单句语法填空
Being
exposed
to
sunlight
for
too
long
will
do
harm
to
your
skin.
You’d
better
give
up
using
that
kind
of
medicine,
because
it
may
be
harmful(harm)
to
your
stomach.
What’s
particularly
interesting
is
the
attitude
various(vary)
cities
have
towards
Dubanchet’s
cause.
I
can’t
survive
on
?40
a
week.
The
movie
is
about
survival
and
the
choices
people
make
when
they
want
to
survive.
In
the
movie
the
survivors
have
much
trouble
in
surviving.
(survive)
Your
camp
provides
a
good
chance
for
me,
where
I
can
know
more
about
other
countries,
and
in
turn
tell
them
something
about
China.
A
total
eclipse(日食)
is
due
to
take(take)
place
some
time
tomorrow.
You
were
very
rude
to
him
just
now,
for
which
you
should
make
an
apology
to
him.
Her
speech
made
a
profound(深远的)
impact
on
everyone.
Judging(judge)
from
his
cheerful
manner,
he
must
have
enjoyed
his
meal.
II.
用方框内所给短语的适当形式完成下列句子
in
turn
breathe
life
into
break
down
take
in欺骗，使上当；摄入，吸收；理解，领会
more
than
be
due
to
build
up
1．Humans
take
in
oxygen
and
breathe
out
carbon
dioxide.
2．He
will
be
more
than
happy
to
come
with
us.
3．It
may
take
a
few
weeks
for
you
to
build
up
your
strength
again.
4．We
need
some
new
people
to
breathe
life
into
this
project.
5．Talks
with
business
leaders
broke
down
last
night.
6．Have
they
been
paid
the
money
that
is
due
to
them?
7．There
were
cheers
for
each
of
the
women
as
they
spoke
in
turn轮流.
III.
阅读理解
A
If
you’ll
be
taking
vacation
time
in
the
coming
year
and
plan
on
flying,
here
are
some
shopping
tips
for
you.
Those
who
fly
first
class
and
don’t
care
what
airline
tickets
cost
are
excused
from
this
lesson.
When
to
buy
If
you
are
shopping
for
domestic(国内的)
flights,
check
prices
on
Tuesday
afternoons.
This
is
an
old
tip
but
still
useful
because
most
US
carriers
continue
to
release
sales
on
Tuesday
morning,
and
competitors
quickly
drop
their
fares
to
match
the
better
deals.
When
to
fly
Weekdays
continue
to
be
generally
cheaper
times
to
fly
than
weekends
for
most
flights.
In
the
US,
the
cheapest
days
are
typically
Tuesday,
Wednesday
and
Saturday.
A
good
itinerary(行程)
for
the
expensive
US
spring
break
travel
period
is
Tuesday
to
Saturday;
it
will
save
you
money
over
weekend-to-weekend
travel.
Where
to
fly
We
continue
to
see
good
deals
to
Boston
and
Denver
and
more
and
more
nice
prices
to
Chicago,
Seattle
and
Washington,
D.
C.
As
for
Europe,
there
have
been
surprising
deals
throughout
the
fall
and
those
will
continue
into
the
winter.
Direct
vs.
connecting
flights
Compare
the
price
of
direct
with
connecting
flights.
Sometimes
adding
a
stop
to
your
route
will
save
you
money.
An
example:
an
Francisco
to
Raleigh/Durham:
$553
direct,
$362
one-stop.
You’d
better
think
twice
about
the
direct
flight
for
San
Francisco
to
Raleigh.
Compare,
compare,
compare
Stifle
the
impulse
to
go
to
your
favorite
airline
site
to
purchase
tickets
without
doing
any
comparison.
Example:
Let’s
say
you
want
to
fly
from
New
York
to
London
and
figure
your
favorite
US
legacy
carrier
will
get
you
there
for
the
best
price.
Airline
price:
$554
round-trip.
However,
the
comparison
site
also
showed
a
cheaper
flight
from
the
same
legacy
carrier
($521).
See
what
you’re
missing
when
you
fail
to
compare?
1.
When
can
you
possibly
find
the
best
price
for
flights
within
the
US?
A.
On
Monday
morning.
B.
On
Tuesday
morning.
C.
On
Tuesday
afternoon.
D.
On
Sunday
morning.
2.
What
does
the
underlined
phrase
“stifle
the
impulse”
in
the
last
but
one
paragraph
mean?
A.
Feel
free
to
do
something.
B.
Hold
off
on
doing
something.
C.
Get
well
prepared
for
something.
D.
Make
quick
decision
on
something.
3.
Who
is
the
text
intended
for?
A.
Those
who
usually
choose
first
class
for
their
flights.
B.
Those
who
want
to
find
suggestions
on
where
to
fly.
C.
Those
who
are
traveling
during
the
spring
break.
D.
Those
who
are
looking
for
the
best
airline
ticket
prices.
B
People
like
to
post
their
selfies(自拍照)
on
social
media.
To
know
more
about
it,
scientists
at
Syracuse
University
in
New
York
recently
did
a
research
and
came
up
with
some
surprising
findings.
People
who
post
selfies
and
use
editing
software
to
make
themselves
look
better
show
behavior
connected
to
narcissism(自恋),
the
researchers
said.
Makana
Chock,
a
professor
from
Syracuse
University,
said
because
social
media
is
mostly
used
by
people
to
share
unimportant
information
about
their
lives,
it
is
a
good
place
for
people
to
“work
towards
satisfying
their
own
vanity.”
Those
“likes”
under
their
Facebook
selfies
make
them
feel
good.
Besides,
people
who
post
group
selfies
show
a
need
for
popularity
and
a
need
to
belong
to
a
group,
the
research
found.
Some
people
feel
“peer(同伴)
pressure”
to
post
selfies
and
some
follow
the
popular
belief
that
if
there
is
no
picture
of
an
event
or
experience,
it
did
not
really
happen.
“Anyway,
it
shouldn’t
be
seen
as
negative.
People
get
sense
of
satisfaction
especially
when
they
get
likes.
And
it
does
no
harm,”
Chock
said.
Other
findings
from
the
study
include:
There
are
no
major
differences
on
how
often
men
and
women
post
selfies
and
how
often
they
use
editing
software.
But
men
who
post
selfies
showed
more
of
a
need
to
be
seen
as
popular
than
women
who
posted
selfies.
Chock
said
posting
selfies
on
social
media
is
not
all
that
different
from
what
people
have
done
for
many
years.
On
trips
and
special
events,
our
parents
and
grandparents
used
cameras
instead
of
phones
to
take
photos.
They
would
bring
back
photos
to
show
friends
and
family.
You
had
no
choice
but
to
look
at
them.
You
probably
commented
about
how
nice
everyone
in
the
photos
looked,
especially
children
and
the
person
showing
the
photos.
They
were
happy
to
hear
your
comments.
That
was
the
old
way
of
“clicking
like”.
On
social
media,
however,
people
can
decide
not
to
look
at
photos
--
even
if
they
click
“like”.
4.
What
is
the
research
mainly
about?
A.
The
ways
of
making
people
look
better
in
selfies.
B.
The
reasons
for
people
posting
selfies
on
social
media.
C.
The
differences
between
men
and
women
in
posting
selfies.
D.
The
connections
between
posting
selfies
and
mental
health.
5.
What
does
the
word
“vanity”
in
paragraph
2
probably
mean?
A.
A
deep
desire
to
know
about
something.
B.
A
special
need
to
be
more
popular.
C.
Too
much
pride
in
one’s
own
appearance.
D.
Strong
determination
to
improve
oneself.
6.
What
is
Chock’s
attitude
towards
selfie
posting?
A.
Ambiguous.
B.
Cautious.
C.
Disapproving.
D.
Supportive.
7.
From
the
last
paragraph,
we
know
that
the
older
generations
showed
their
photos
to
friends
and
family
______.
A.
to
win
praise
from
viewers
B.
to
show
off
their
cameras
C.
to
improve
relationships
D.
to
share
good
moments
【答案】
CBD
BCDA
IV.
七选五阅读
It
is
known
to
us
all
that
thinking
is
a
good
thing.
However,
some
people
don't
do
it
enough,
while
some
people
overthink
everything.
If
you're
an
overthinker,
it
can
be
exhausting
running
through
all
the
possibilities
of
everything.
It's
not
good
that
the
what-ifs
run
your
life
and
you
are
trapped.
16
.
Here
are
some
signs
that
you
are
an
overhinker,
even
if
you
don't
feel
you
are.
■
17
Why
didn't
the
girl
look
at
me?
And
why
did
Peter
look
away
so
fast?
What
does
it
all
mean?!
When
you're
an
overthinker,
you
tend
to
find
meaning
in
the
world
around
you.
It's
helpful
to
remind
yourself
that
things
mean
the
meaning
you
give
them.
■
You
think
more
than
you
do.
Sometimes
you
think
so
much
that
you
don't
end
up
doing
anything.
You
weigh
the
choices,
decide
which
is
the
best,
and
compare;
it
with
a
new
choice.
You
end
up
doing
nothing.
18
■
You
find
it
difficult
to
let
things
go.
When
you've
invested
a
lot
of
time
and
energy
into
something,
it
can
be
hard
to
let
it
go
when
it
isn't
working.
19
The
more
you
think
about
something,
the
more
it
can
eat
away
at
you.
■
You
want
to
get
everything
right.
You
might
be
a
perfectionist.
You
always
do
your
best.
But
when
you
don't
get
everything
right,
you
seriously
blame
yourself.
By
recognizing
that
this
can
be
a
strength
as
well
as
a
weakness,
you
should
know
that
you
simply
can't
get
everything
right,
despite
your
best
efforts.
20
Remind
yourself
that
you
can
balance
your
level
of
over-thinking
with
more
doing.
You
can
even
teach
someone
else
who
under
thinks!
A.
You
may
continue
thinking
about
it
even
when
you
believe
you
have
already
let
it
go.
B.
You
assume
that
others
know
what
you
re
thinking
about.
C.
Remember
that,
instead
of
just
thinking,
it's
equally
important
to
act.
D.
You're
proud
of
the
act
that
you’re
always
thinking.
E.
You
look
for
meaning
in
everything.
F.
It's
even
worse
when
you're
unaware
that
you
are
just
like
this.
G.
Can
any
of
the
above
signs
be
found
on
you?
【答案】FECAG
自我总结-单元单词默写
_____________
/hɑ?m/
n.
&
vt.
伤害，损害
(1)
_____________
/s??l/
n.
土壤；国土，领土，土地
(1)
_____________
/?i?k??s?st?m/
n.
生态系统
(2)
_____________
/???v??si?z/
adj.
海外的，国外的
adv.
向（在）海外，向（在）国外
(2)
_____________
/?ri?d??n/
n.
地区，区域；行政区
(2)
_____________
/?k?nt?n?nt/
n.
大陆，陆地；洲
(2)
_____________
/?m?lj?n/
n.
一百万；许多，大量
(2)
_____________
/le?θ/
n.
长，长度；时间的长短；篇幅，（电影）片长
(2)
_____________
/?ba???da??v??s?ti/
n.
生物多样性
(2)
_____________
/?spi??i?z/
n.
(pl.
species)
种，物种
(2)
_____________
/n?t/
n.
坚果
(3)
→_____________
巴西坚果
(3)
_____________
/?l?li/
n.
百合（花）
(3)
→_____________
睡莲
(3)
_____________
/v??ra??ti/
n.
不同种类；变化，多样性；变种，变体
(3)
_____________
/?wa?ldla?f/
n.
野生动植物，野生生物
(3)
_____________
/b??ni?θ/
prep.
在…下面，在…下方；配不上
(3)
_____________
/m?s/
n.
大量；团，块，堆；一大群
adj.
大批的，广泛的
(3)
_____________
/?ta??r??/
adj.
高大的，高耸的；出色的
(3)
_____________
/?hɑ?dw?d/
n.
阔叶树；硬材（阔叶树的木材）
(3)
_____________
/?l?v??/
adj.
活着的，活的；在使用的
n.
生计，谋生；生活方式
(3)
_____________
/?m?ml/
n.
哺乳动物
(3)
_____________
/?d??ɡju?(r)/
n.
美洲豹，美洲虎
(3)
_____________
/s??va?v/
vi.
生存，存活
vt.
幸存，幸免于难
(3)
_____________
/fr?ɡ/
n.
蛙，青蛙
(3)
_____________
相应地，转而
(3)
_____________
/??nsekt/
n.
昆虫
(3)
_____________
/?ma?kr?????g?n?z?m/
n.
微生物
(3)
_____________
使分解（为），使变化（成）
(3)
_____________
/?nju?tri?nt/
n.
营养素，营养物
(3)
_____________
给…带来起色，
注入活力
(3)
_____________
/?kɑ?b?n/
n.
碳
(3)
_____________
/??ks?d??n/
n.
氧，氧气
(3)
_____________
/??s/
adv.
因此，从而；这样
(3)
_____________
/?d?s??p??(r)/
vi.
不复存在，灭绝，消亡；消失；失踪
(3)
_____________
由于，因为
(3)
_____________
/??ɡr?k?lt??(r)/
n.
农业，农学
(3)
_____________
/?k?tl/
n.
牛
(3)
_____________
/??mp?kt/
n.
影响，作用；撞击，冲撞
/?m?p?kt/
vi.
&
vt.
有影响；冲击
(3)
_____________
/?k?st??k?n/
n.
灭绝，绝种
(3)
_____________
/?d?m?d?/
vt.
&
n.
损害，伤害，
损坏，破坏
_____________
/?kla?m?t/
n.
气候；倾向，风气
(5)
41.
_____________
逐渐增加，扩大
(5)
harm
soil
ecosystem
overseas
region
continent
million
length
biodiversity
species
nut
brazil
nut
lily
water
lily
variety
wildlife
beneath
mass
towering
hardwood
living
mammal
jaguar
survive
frog
in
turn
insect
microorganism
break
down
nutrient
breathe
life
into
carbon
oxygen
thus
disappear
due
to
agriculture
cattle
impact
extinction
damage
climate
build
up课前导入-课文语法填空
根据P2-3教材课文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
As
the
__1__（large）
rainforest
in
the
world,
the
Amazon
rainforest
plays
an
important
part
__2__
maintaining
the
balance
of
the
Earth’s
ecosystem.
The
Amazon
River,
from
__3__
the
rainforest
gets
its
name,
supports
many
different
ecosystems,
__4__（give）
this
area
the
richest
biodiversity
on
the
Earth.
From
the
tall
and
ancient
Brazil
nut
trees
to
the
water
lilies,
the
forest’s
different
levels
provide
food
and
shelter
for
__5__
great
variety
of
wildlife.
The
Amazon
rainforest
is
also
home
to
more
than
1,
300
species
of
birds
and
over
400
species
of
mammals.
For
example,
the
jaguar,
close
to
extinction
in
other
areas,
can
__6__（find）
here.
__7__（know）
as
the
“lungs
of
the
planet”,
the
Amazon
rainforest
__8__（breathe）
life
into
the
planet
by
fixing
carbon
and
producing
over
20
per
cent
of
all
the
Earth’s
oxygen.
__9__,
17
per
cent
of
the
rainforest
has
disappeared
due
to
human
__10__（activity）
such
as
agriculture
and
cattle
farming.
【答案】1.
largest
2.
in
3.
which
4.
giving
5.
a
6.
be
found
7.
Known
8.
breathes
9.
However
10.
activities
课中讲解
根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词
apply
vt.
应用；涂抹
vi.
申请→application
n.
应用，运用；申请→applicant
n.
申请人
organize
vt.
组织，筹备；安排→organization
n.
组织，团体；组织工作；安排；条理
defend
vt.
&
vi.
保护，防御
vt.
辩解→defence
n.
辩解；防御，保护→defensive
adj.
防御的，保护的
economy
n.
经济；节约，节俭→economic
adj.
经济的，经济上的；可赚钱的→economical
adj.
经济的，实惠的；节俭的→economist
n.
经济学家
official
n.
官员，要员
adj.
公务的；正式的，官方的→officially
adv.
官方地，正式地
poison
n.
毒死，毒害
n.
毒药，毒物→poisonous
adj.
有毒的
concern
vt.
影响；涉及；让（某人）担忧
n.
担心，忧虑；关心；（对人、组织等）重要的事情→concerned
adj.
忧虑的，关心的；关切的，关注的→concerning
prep.
关于……
profit
vi.
获益；对……有用（或有益）
n.
利润，利益；好处→profitable
adj.
盈利的；有好处的
根据提示补全下列短语
come
up
with
想出，提出（=put
forward）
call
for
（公开）要求，需要
call
on
呼吁，号召
make
every
effort
to
do
sth.
不遗余力做某事（=spare
no
effort
to
do
sth.）
sign
up
(for
sth.)
报名（参加活动、比赛等）
far
from
...
远离……；远非……
at
risk
有风险；冒风险
get
rid
of
...
摆脱……
protest
against
...
反对……
make
a
profit/
make
profits
获利
in
defence
of
...
为……作解释/辩护
be
concerned
about
...
关心……；为……担忧
draw
one’s
attention
to
...
使某人注意到……
on
the
rise
在增加，在上涨
lift
sb.
out
of
poverty
使某人摆脱贫困
advance
economic
growth
促进经济增长
aim
for
...
力求达到，力争做到
even
though/if
尽管，即使
重点知识点解析
come
up
with
...
想出，提出……（-put
forward）
(教材P6)
All
of
them
come
up
with
creative
ideas
on
how
to
solve
these
problems.
他们都针对如何解决这些问题想出了创造性的点子。
【用法详解】come
up
with意为“想出，提出（计划、想法等）”，为及物动词短语，主语为人，后接名词或代词作宾语，相当于put
forward。如：
Several
of
the
members
have
come
up
with
suggestions
of
their
own.
有几位成员提出了自己的建议。
No
one
has
come
up
with
a
definitive
answer
as
to
why
this
should
be
so.
对于为什么应该是这样，还没有人想出最终确定的答案。
注意
come
up意为“被想出，被提及”，为不及物动词短语，不用被动，其主语通常为物，即所提出的内容。如：
The
subject
came
up
during
a
pre-dinner
drink
with
our
guests.
在与客人喝餐前酒的时候，有人提到了这个话题。
【归纳拓展】短语总结
come的其他短语：
n.
+
to
come
将来；未来的
when
it
comes
to
sth./to
doing
sth.
当涉及某事（或做某事）时
come
across
sb./sth.
[无被动]（偶然）遇见，碰见，发现
come
around/round或come
to
恢复知觉；苏醒
come
by
vi.（为看望某人）作短暂拜访
vt.
设法得到（或获得）
come
down
with
...
染上，得（病）
come
down
on
...
责备，训斥
come
down
to
business开始认真工作；言归正传
come
in
vi.
变时髦；时兴；流行
come
on
vi.
登台，上场；改进，改善；快点儿，加把劲；（表示知道某人所说的话不正确）得了吧
come
out
vi.
出版，发行，发表；显示出来
如：They
may
well
regret
the
decision
in
years
to
come.
他们很可能会在以后的年月里为这个决定而后悔。
When
it
comes
to
getting
things
done,
he’s
useless.
一涉及做事，他便不中用了。
I
think
I’m
coming
down
with
flu.
我想我得了流感。
Your
mother
hasn’t
yet
come
round
from
the
anaesthetic.
你的母亲麻醉后还没有苏醒过来。
She
came
by
the
house.
她来住所看了一下。|
Jobs
are
hard
to
come
by
these
days.
如今找工作很难。
Long
hair
for
men
came
in
in
the
sixties.
男子留长发在60年代流行开来。
Her
best
qualities
come
out
in
a
crisis.
她的优秀品质在危机时显示了出来。
“动词
+
up
with”型的其他短语：
put
up
with
容忍
end
up
with
以……作结
make
up
with
与……和好catch
up
with
赶上……
keep
up
with
跟上；与……保持联系
application
n.
[C,
U]
申请，请求，申请书/表；[U]
应用，运用；[C]
应用软件/程序（缩写为app）
(教材P6)
Some
call
for
the
application
of
modern
technology,
and
others
a
change
of
lifestyle.
一些人要求使用现代科技，而其他人则要求改变生活方式。
【用法详解】application
to
sb.
+
for
sth./to
do
sth.
申请
application
of
sth.
to
sth.
应用，运用，执行，实施
如：an
application
form
申请表
His
application
to
the
court
for
bail
has
been
refused.
他向法庭申请保释遭到拒绝。
the
application
of
new
technology
to
teaching
新技术在教学上的应用
strict
application
of
the
law
法律的严格执行
【归纳拓展】词性转换：
apply
vi.
申请
vt.
使用，应用；涂抹
常见搭配
apply
(to
sb.)
for
sth.
（向某人）申请……
apply
...
to
...
将……应用于……；涂抹
apply
to
...
适用于某人/某物；对……有效
如：The
new
technology
was
applied
to
farming.
这项新技术已应用于农业。
The
convention
does
not
apply
to
us.
这条惯例对我们不适用。
I
am
continuing
to
apply
for
jobs.
我正在继续找工作。
applicant
n.
[C]
申请者
appliance
n.
[C]（家用）电器，器具
常见搭配
electrical/household
appliances
电器/家用器具
【即时巩固】单句语法填空
①Apply
the
cream
sparingly
to
your
face
and
neck.
把乳霜薄薄地抹在脸和脖子上。
②There
were
over
500
applicants(apply)
for
the
job.
get
rid
of
摆脱，丢弃
(教材P11)
The
smog
in
the
air
has
coloured
the
sky
a
smoky
grey;
it’s
also
given
me
a
cough
that
I
can’t
get
rid
of.
空气中的雾霾把天空染成了烟灰色，还让我患上了咳嗽，老是不好。
【用法详解】get
rid
of
...
摆脱，丢弃，扔掉
be
rid
of
...
摆脱……
rid
oneself
of
...
摆脱……，从……中解脱
如：She
wanted
to
get
rid
of
her
parents
and
their
authority.
她想摆脱父母及其权威的束缚。
I
was
glad
to
be
rid
of
the
car
when
I
finally
sold
it.
把车卖掉时，我很庆幸终于脱手了。
【即时巩固】单句语法填空、翻译句子
①He
wanted
to
rid
himself
of
the
burden
of
the
secret.
②翻译句子：我这头疼老也不好。
I
can't
get
rid
of
this
headache.
profit
n.
[C,
U]
利润，盈利（?[反]
loss）
vt.
&
vi.
获益，对……有用（或有益）
(教材P11)
People
tend
to
connect
factories
with
pictures
of
clouds
of
dirty
smoke
and
irresponsible
business
eager
to
make
huge
profits.
人们往往将工厂与黑烟滚滚的照片和急于牟取暴利的不负责任的商人联系起来。
【用法详解】make
a
profit
=make
profits
获利
profit
from/by
...
从……中受益（-benefit
from
...）；靠……获利
profit
sb.
=benefit
sb.
使受益
如：The
company
made
a
healthy
profit
on
the
deal.
公司在这笔生意中获利颇丰。
The
agency
is
voluntary
and
not
run
for
profit/
run
on
a
non-profit
basis.
这个机构是义务性的，不是为了赢利。
We
tried
to
profit
by/from
our
mistakes
(=learn
from
them).
我们努力从错误中吸取教训。
【归纳拓展】词性转换：
profitable
adj.
获利的；有益的
常见搭配
be
profitable
for
...
=be
beneficial
to
...
对……有益
non-profit
adj.
非营利的，不以营利为目的的
【即时巩固】翻译句子
当地的许多人认为，这项开发将对他们有利。
Many
local
people
believe
the
development
will
profit
them.
defence
n.
[U]
防御，保护，保卫；[C,
U]
防御物，防务；[C]
辩解，辩白；辩词
(教材P11)
In
defence
of
factories,
however,
I’d
like
to
point
out
that
they
also
try
to
control
the
amount
of
pollution
they
produce.
不过，为工厂说句公道话，我想指出的是它们也在努力控制所产生的污染量。
【用法详解】in
defence
of
sb.
=in
sb’s
defence
为某人辩护
in
defence
保卫，守卫
in
defence
of
...
为保卫/守卫……
如：soldiers
who
died
in
defence
of
their
country为保卫祖国而献身的战士
What
points
can
be
raised
in
defence
of
this
argument?
有什么论点能提出来为这个说法辩护呢？
I
have
to
say
in
her
defence
that
she
knew
nothing
about
it
beforehand.
我得为她说句话，她事先并不知道此事。
Humour
is
a
more
effective
defence
than
violence.
幽默是比暴力更有效的防御武器。
【归纳拓展】词性转换：
defend
vt.
&
vi.
防御，保护
vt.
辩解，辩白
常见搭配
defend
sb./oneself/sth.
(from/against
sb./sth.)
保护……免受侵害；针对……为某人/某物辩解
如：All
our
officers
are
trained
to
defend
themselves
against
knife
attacks.
我们所有的警察都接受过自卫训练，能够对付持刀袭击。
Politicians
are
skilled
at
defending
themselves
against
their
critics.
从政者都善于为自己辩解，反驳别人的批评。
defensive
adj.
防御的，保护的，保卫的；戒备的，怀有戒心的
【即时巩固】单句语法填空
①Don't
ask
him
about
his
plans─he
just
gets
defensive(defend).
②It
is
impossible
to
defend
against
an
all-out
attack.
1.
(教材P8)
As
the
human
population
continues
to
grow,
so
does
the
effort
we
have
on
animals.
随着人口的持续增长，我们对动物的影响也在不断增加。
【句式剖析】句中的as引导时间状语从句，“so
does
the
effort
we
have
on
animals”为“so+倒装”结构。
【考点提炼】“so+助动词/be动词/情态动词+另一主语”结构
该结构为肯定形式，表示前一句中主语的肯定情况也适用于后者，在时态上和前一句保持一致，但两句的主语是不同的两人，意为“某人/某物也是如此”。如：
①—He
is
a
Chinese.
—So
am
I.
我也是。
②—Tom
can
dance.
—So
can
Mary.
玛丽也能。
③—My
mother
will
go
to
Beijing.
—So
will
I.
我也是。
④—I
have
been
to
America.
—So
has
Li
Lei.
李雷也去过。
⑤—She
likes
English.
—So
do
they.
他们也喜欢（英语）。
⑥Lily
played
basket
yesterday
and
so
did
Lucy.
露西也是。
注意
(1)Lily
played
basket
yesterday
and
so
did
Lucy.
vs
Lily
played
basket
yesterday,
as
did
Lucy.
(2)so前面的句子都是肯定句。若前面的句子是否定句，则应用“neither/nor+be动词/情态动词/助动词+另一主语”结构，表示前一句中主语的否定情况也适用于后者，意为“某人/某物也不这样”。如：
She
didn’t
turn
up
at
the
meeting.
Neither/Nor
did
he.
(3)“so+同一主语+be动词/情态动词/助动词”（同人不倒）意为“确实，……的确如此”，表示对前面话的内容加以确认或强调。如：
①—It’s
a
bad
day
today.
—So
it
is.
②—John
studies
English
well.
—So
he
does.
√小试身手（1）-完成句子
你有帮助他摆脱这个坏习惯的有效方法吗？（rid）
Do
you
have
any
effective
ways
to
help
him
___________________
such
a
bad
habit？
为了获得未来职业的必要经验，你在大学期间应该积极参加社会活动。（take
part
in）
To
gain
necessary
experience
for
your
future
career,
you
should
___________________
social
activities
in
college.
刚刚站在门前的是两个小男孩。（全部倒装结构）
___________________
two
little
boys
just
now.
即使你不能理解书上讲的所有内容也不要担心。（even）
Don’t
worry
___________________
you
can’t
understand
anything
in
the
book.
医生们彻夜工作以拯救伤者们的生命。（动词不定式作目的状语）
Doctors
worked
through
the
night
___________________.
学生们经常讨论如何提高英语水平。（疑问词＋动词不定式）
Students
often
discuss
___________________.
【答案】1.
get
rid
of
2.
take
an
active
part
in
3.
Standing
before/in
front
of
the
door
were
4.
even
though/if
to
save
the
lives
of
the
injured
6.
how
to
improve
their
English
单元重点语法—省略
在英语中，为了使语言简洁、紧凑、重点突出，常常省略句中的一个或几个成分，这种语法现象称为省略。
一、词法上的省略—不定式结构中的省略
①在同一个句子或联系紧密的对话中，为了避免重复，作宾语或补足语的不定式再次出现时，不定式符号to后面的内容常常被省略，只保留不定式符号to。此类省略常用于动词refuse,
would
like/love,
wish,
want,
hope,
expect,
intend,
plan等以及形容词afraid,
happy,
glade,
willing,
ready等之后。如：
—Aren’t
your
uncle’s
family
going
to
Australia
for
holiday
this
summer?
—
No,
they
finally
decided
not
to.
—Will
you
join
us
in
the
game?
—I’d
be
glad
to.
②感官动词（词组）see,
look
at,
hear,
listen
to,
watch等和使役动词make,
let,
have等后面做宾补的动词不定式要省略to，但在此类动词（词组）的被动语态中，to不可省略（主动省略to，被动还原to）。如：
They
made
the
boy
go
to
bed
early.
The
boy
was
seen
to
enter
the
cinema.
③如果承前省略的不定式中含有be,
have,
have
been时，不定式符号to后要保留be或have或have
been。如：
—Are
you
a
farmer?
—No,
but
I
used
to
be.
—He
hasn’t
finished
yet?
—Well,
he
ought
to
have.
④前有“do”，后无“to”。如：
What
I
want
to
do
now
is
to
study
hard.
句法上的省略
简单句中的省略
并列句中的省略（相同的部分就可以省）。如：
①省略共同的主语或宾语Mr.
Li
picked
up
an
ID
card
on
the
road
and
(Mr.
Li)
handed
it
to
a
policeman.
Normally
many
bacteria
are
present
in
(the
human
body)
and
on
the
human
body.②省略由“助动词+主动词”构成的复合谓语John
was
given
a
pen
and
Alice
(was
given)
a
book.
Tom
has
written
a
poem
and
Peter
(has
written)
a
short
story.③若前后分句的主语和谓语相同，则省略后一分句的主语和谓语His
advice
made
me
angry,
but
(his
advice
made)
Jim
happy.
状语从句的省略
在表示时间、地点、条件、让步、方式、比较等状语从句中，如果①从句的主语和主句的主语相同或从句主语为it，且②从句中谓语动词含有be的某种形式时，可以省略从句中的主语和be（主语同，谓语be，二者省去不可惜），留下“连词+表语（形容词/分词/不定式/名词/介词短语）”的形式。如：
Although
(he
is)
against
my
opinion,
the
old
professor
didn’t
come
up
with
his
own.
We
all
know
that,
if
(the
situation
was)
not
carefully
dealt
with,
the
situation
will
get
worse.
I
am
taller
than
he
(is)./
He
got
up
early
as
(it
was)
usual.
While
(I
was)
walking
along
the
street,
I
heard
my
name
called.
注意(1)
as引导的时间、让步状语从句，以及because,
since,
as引导的原因状语从句中，都不能用省略结构。
注意(2)
if
so/if
not/if
ever/if
any/if
possible
■
补充：定语从句的省略
①在定语从句中，①关系代词做主语（“主语同”），且当定语从句是②进行时态be
doing或被动语态be
done（“谓语be”）时，可直接省略关系代词+be动词。如：
The
man
(who
was)
sitting
next
to
me
is
my
brother.
The
goods
(which
were)
ordered
last
week
have
not
arrived
yet.
②先行词是way（在从句中和介词连用作状语），time（作“次数”讲）时，关系词可省略
小试身手（2）-单句语法填空
1.
We
all
know
that,
if
___________(not
deal
with)
carefully,
the
situation
will
get
worse.
2.
When
__________(walk)
along
the
street,
he
came
across
an
old
friend.
【答案】1.
not
dealt
with
2.
walking
课后练习
Ⅰ.
单句语法填空
Students
took
to
the
streets
to
protest
against
the
decision.
That’s
why
I
left
so
early.
The
reason
why
we
aren’t
going
is
that
we
can't
afford
it.
What
points
can
be
raised
in
defence
of
this
argument?
I
attached
a
photo
to
my
application(apply)
form
and
sent
it
to
the
company.
As
the
demand
rises,
so
does(do)
the
price
of
this
product.
Several
of
the
members
have
come
up
with
suggestions
of
their
own.
She’s
signed
up
for
evening
classes
at
the
community
college.
II.
用方框内所给短语的适当形式完成下列句子
call
for
leave
out
far
from
spring
to
mind
aim
for
1．It
didn't
seem
fair
to
leave
out
her
father.
2．Though
the
idea
may
be
dead,
it
is
far
from
being
buried.
尽管这种思想可能已无人相信，但还远没被人遗忘。
3．We
should
aim
for
a
bigger
share
of
the
market.
4．It's
a
situation
that
calls
for
a
blend(混合)
of
delicacy
and
force.
5．Integrity(正直)
and
honesty
are
words
that
spring
to
mind
when
talking
of
the
man.
III.
阅读理解
I
knew
my
parents
were
planning
something
special
for
my
birthday.
I
didn’t
see
anybody
41
and
there
was
no
shopping.
I
even
doubted
that
they
had
42
it.
When
I
asked
my
dad
about
it,
he
said,
“we’ll
go
for
a
43
tomorrow.
But
make
sure
you
take
your
savings.”
I
felt
44
because
a
birthday
trip
was
what
I
really
wanted.
The
next
morning
my
dad
and
I
45
and
soon
we
reached
our
destination.
It
was
an
old
building
on
the
banks
of
Periyar
River.
Some
46
were
playing
around.
A
man
greeted
us
and
47
us
to
his
office.
My
father
asked
me
to
give
my
48
box
to
that
uncle.
I
saw
a
big
smile
in
his
face
but
I
was
a
bit
49
.
The
man
told
us
that
all
kids
we
50
playing
outside
were
all
orphans(孤儿)
and
many
of
them
had
51
going
to
school.
He
wanted
to
build
up
a
school
to
52
them.
The
school
hadn’t
been
completed
totally
but
about
200
children
were
living
in
that
53
.
I
had
tears
in
my
eyes.
I
realized
how
lucky
I
was
and
felt
54
happy
that
my
small
coin
box
would
help
support
his
action.
He
took
us
around
and
introduced
us
to
the
kids.
They
55
us
and
soon
we
became
good
friends.
We
started
playing
in
the
open
ground
and
had
a
great
56
.
Soon
we
were
called
for
lunch.
We
all
sat
in
a
big
hall
and
had
a
delicious
lunch.
There
were
happy
57
all
around.
It
was
time
for
us
to
58
the
place.
I
was
unwilling
to
59
I
wanted
to
play
with
them.
As
we
drove
back
I
told
my
father
that
was
the
60
birthday
party
in
my
life.
41.
A.
asked
B.
shown
C.
invited
D.
cared
42.
A.
prepared
B.
performed
C.
known
D.
forgotten
43.
A.
trip
B.
game
C.
course
D.
march
44.
A.
worried
B.
tired
C.
excited
D.
relaxed
45.
A.
came
about
B.
moved
on
C.
looked
around
D.
set
out
46.
A.
players
B.
kids
C.
teachers
D.
workers
47.
A.
raised
B.
held
C.
took
D.
pulled
48.
A.
coin
B.
tool
C.
candy
D.
gift
49.
A.
bored
B.
frightened
C.
impatient
D.
unhappy
50.
A.
introduced
B.
reported
C.
saw
D.
chased
51.
A.
considered
B.
stopped
C.
enjoyed
D.
escaped
52.
A.
support
B.
comfort
C.
please
D.
encourage
53.
A.
way
B.
organization
C.
family
D.
place
54.
A.
strangely
B.
hardly
C.
really
D.
highly
55.
A.
watched
B.
greeted
C.
touched
D.
helped
56.
A.
time
B.
event
C.
match
D.
joke
57.
A.
audiences
B.
faces
C.
memories
D.
actors
58.
A.
praise
B.
visit
C.
clean
D.
leave
59.
A.
but
B.
because
C.
so
D.
though
60.
A.
best
B.
kindest
C.
busiest
D.
simplest
【答案】41-45
CDACD
46-50
BCADC
51-55
BADCB
56-60
ABDBA
IV.
七选五阅读
A
happy
family
life
doesn’t
happen
by
chance.
It
is
a
result
from
husband
and
wife
who
carefully
and
diligently
create
a
home
where
there
is
love,
respect,
forgiveness,
patience,
service
and
selflessness.
1
The
love
of
husband
and
wife
makes
their
union
last
forever;
the
love
of
parents
for
children
enables
them
to
feel
safe
in
the
world;
the
love
of
children
for
parents
lightens
the
burden
that
the
parents
bear;
and
the
love
among
children
reduces
quarrels
and
fights.
A
couple
who
respect
each
other
never
blame
their
spouse（配偶）.
He
or
she
doesn’t
think
much
about
her
or
his
weaknesses
but
helps
her
or
him
overcome
them.
2
Forgiveness
cannot
be
ignored
either.
Conflicts
often
arise
in
a
family
but
they
can
be
settled
right
away.
The
one
who
is
at
fault
should
immediately
ask
for
forgiveness
and
the
other
should
choose
to
forgive.
3
4
If
there
patience
in
the
family,
anger
will
be
controlled
and
there
will
be
peace
and
harmony.
5
Small
acts
service
in
a
family
make
people’s
hearts
glad.
Children
learn
simple
acts
of
service
by
giving
their
parents
a
glass
of
water,
and
a
couple
serve
each
other
by
taking
care
of
family
members.
A.
Live
in
harmony.
B.
Love
is
the
greatest
of
all
virtues.
C.
If
there
is
respect,
there
will
be
encouraging
words.
D.
If
there
is
forgiveness,
there
will
be
no
anger
or
misunderstanding.
E.
Being
patient
is
difficult,
especially
for
parents
with
babies
or
teenagers.
F.
If
you
do
something
wrong,
you
must
make
an
apology.
G.
The
best
service
is
always
found
within
the
walls
of
homes
【答案】BCDEG
自我总结-单元单词默写
_____________
/?ɡl??bl/
adj.
全球的；全面的
(6)
_____________
/?ɡri?nha?s/
n.
温室，暖房
(6)
_____________
/ɡ?s/
n.
气体；煤气；汽油
(6)
_____________
/dra?t/
n.
旱灾，久旱
(6)
_____________
想出，想到
(6)
_____________
（公开）要求；需要
(6)
_____________
/??pl??ke??n/
n.
应用，运用；申请
(6)
_____________
/?br????(r)/
n.
小册子
(6)
_____________
/???ɡ?na??ze??n/
n.
组织，团体；
组织工作；安排；条理
(7)
_____________
/??bs?lu?tli/
adv.
绝对地，完全
地；极其
(7)
_____________
/belt/
n.
地带，地区；腰带；传送带
(7)
_____________
/?medl/
n.
奖章，勋章
(7)
_____________
/??m?d?/
n.
形象；图像；意象
(8)
_____________
/?ɑ?k/
n.
鲨鱼
(8)
_____________
突然记起（或想到）
(8)
_____________
/we?l/
n.
鲸
(8)
_____________
/d??(r)/
n.
(pl.
deer)
鹿
(8)
_____________
/tr?k/
vt.
&
vi.
跟踪，追踪
n.
足迹，踪迹；小道；轨道；
跑道；路线
(8)
_____________
/?h?b?t?t/
n.
生活环境，栖息地
(8)
_____________
/?n??we?(r)/
adv.
无处，哪里都不
(8)
_____________
/?d?lf?n/
n.
海豚
(8)
_____________
/?rez?d?nt/
n.
居民，住户
(11)
_____________
/t?i?f/
n.
首领，最高领导人
adj.
主要的；首席的
(11)
_____________
/k??m?ti/
n.
委员会
(11)
_____________
/?n?ta??li/
adv.
完全地，全部地，
完整地
(11)
_____________
/sm?ɡ/
n.
雾霾，烟雾
(11)
get
_______
/r?d/
of
摆脱，丢弃，扔掉
(11)
_____________
/pr??test/
vi.
反对，抗议
vt.
坚持声称，申辩
/?pr??test/
n.
抗议，反对
(11)
_____________
vi.
&
vt.
获益，得到好处
(11)
_____________
/d??fens/
(AmE
defense)
n.
辩护；防御，保护；防御物；
国防；防守
(11)
_____________
/?ve?ri?s/
adj.
各种不同的，各种各
样的
(11)
_____________
/?pr??ses/
n.
过程，进程；步骤，流程
vt.
加工，处理
(11)
_____________
/?i?k??n?m?k/
adj.
经济的，经济上
的；可赚钱的
(12)
_____________
/?p?l?si/
n.
政策，方针；原则
(12)
_____________
/brɑ?nt?/
n.（政府或机构）部门；分部；树枝；支流；分
支
(12)
_____________
/?str?t?d?i/
n.
策略，行动计划；
策划，部署
(12)
_____________
/?ri??sa?kl/
vt.
回收利用，再利用
(12)
_____________
/?s?bwe?/
n.
地铁；地下人行道
(12)
_____________
/?f??m?(r)/
adj.
昔日的，前任的；以前
的，从前的
(12)
_____________
/??f??l/
n.
官员，要员
adj.
公务的；正式的，官方的(12)
_____________
/?p?v?ti/
n.
贫穷，贫困；贫乏
(12)
_____________
/?p??zn/
vt.
污染；毒死，毒害
n.
毒物，毒药
(13)
_____________
/?kem?kl/
n.
化学制品
adj.
化学的；化学作用的(13)
_____________
/?k?ns?kw?ns/
n.
结果，后果；
重要性
(13)
_____________
使发生（或存在）
(13)
_____________
/?f????(r)/
adj.
更多的，更进一步的
adv.
较远，更远；进一步
global
greenhouse
gas
drought
come
up
with
call
for
application
brochure
organization
absolutely
belt
medal
image
shark
spring
to
mind
whale
deer
track
habitat
nowhere
dolphin
resident
chief
committee
entirely
smog
get
rid
of
protest
profit
defence
various
process
economic
policy
branch
strategy
recycle
subway
former
official
poverty
poison
chemical
consequence
give
rise
to
further
