2020-2021学年牛津译林版初中英语八年级下册Unit 4 A good read知识复习学案（含答案）

单词
八下
4
read
n.读物
[ri?d]
八下
4
cooking
n.烹饪，烹调
八下
4
novel
n.小说
[?n?v?l]
八下
4
Germany
n.德国
['d???m?ni]
八下
4
knowledge
n.知识
[?n?l?d?]
八下
4
spare
adj.
空闲的；多余的
[spe?]
八下
4
French
adj.
法国（人）的
[frent?]
八下
4
writer
n.作者，作家
['ra?t?]
八下
4
ugly
adj.
丑陋的
[??ɡli]
八下
4
touch
vt.感动，触动
[t?t?]
八下
4
against
反对;对…不利;紧靠;以防
[?'genst]
八下
4
be
tired
out
筋疲力尽
八下
4
tie
vt.捆，绑
[ta?]
八下
4
over
prep.从一边到另一边
['??v?]
八下
4
stomach
n.腹部；胃
[?st?m?k]
八下
4
until
conj.直到…为止
[?n't?l]
八下
4
finger
n.手指
['f??g?]
八下
4
tiny
adj.
极小的
[?ta?ni]
八下
4
fall
over
摔倒
八下
4
continue
vt.&
vi.继续
[k?n?t?nju?]
八下
4
either
adv.也，而且
['i???]
八下
4
manage
vt.&
vi.设法完成；管理
[?m?n?d?]
八下
4
lift
vt.举起，抬高；提高
[l?ft]
八下
4
army
n.大批，大群
[?ɑ?mi]
八下
4
must
modal
v.应该，必须；一定
[m?st]
八下
4
unable
adj.
不能的，不会的
[ju???n]
八下
4
shoulder
n.肩膀
[????ld?]
八下
4
hand
vi.交；递，给
[h?nd]
八下
4
hand
in
上交，递交
八下
4
and
so
on
...
等等
八下
4
review
n.评论,复查,重新考虑
[r?'vju?]
八下
4
return
vt.归还
[r?'t??n]
八下
4
on
time
准时
八下
4
renew
vt.续借；更新；重新开始
八下
4
series
n.一系列；系列节目
[?s??ri?z/]
八下
4
publishing
house
n.出版社
八下
4
refuse
vt.&
vi.拒绝，回绝
[r?'fju?z]
八下
4
publish
vt.出版
[?p?bl??]
八下
4
so
far
到目前为止
八下
4
success
n.成功
[s?k'ses]
八下
4
translate
vt.&
vi.翻译
[tr?ns?le?t]
八下
4
sales(
复)销售量
八下
4
copy
n.一本（份，册）；副本
[?k?pi]
八下
4
Canadian
adj.
加拿大（人）的
[k?'ne?d??n]
八下
4
at
a
time
每次，依次
八下
4
online
adv.在线，联网
[??n?la?n]
八下
4
sail
vt.&
vi.航行
[se?l]
八下
4
hidden
adj.
隐藏的
八下
4
confidence
n.信心，自信，信任
[?k?nf?d?ns]
八下
4
experience
n.经历，经验
[?ks'p??r??ns]
八下
4
advice
n.建议，忠告，劝告
[?d?va?s]
八下
4
librarian
n.图书管理员
[la?'bre?r??n]
八下
4
habit
n.习惯
[?h?b?t]
八下
4
classical
adj.
古典的
[?kl?s?k(?)l]
八下
4
opposite
prep.在…对面；与…相反
[??p?z?t]
八下
4
open
up
开启；开创；开辟
['??p?n?p]
▲词组背诵
do
with
处理；处置；对待
tie...to...
把...系/栓到...上
in
your
spare/free
time
在你的空闲时间
the
same
size
as...
和...一样大小
fall
over
摔倒
be
tired
out
筋疲力尽
as...as
one
can/could
尽某人所能...
a
great
success
巨大的成功
by
the
time
到...时为止
in
the
very
beginning
在刚开始
wake
up
醒来
at
a
time
每次，依次
a
huge
army
of
tiny
people
一大群小人
take
turns
to
do
sth
轮流做某事
decide
which
to
choose
决定选哪一个
give
sb
a
lot
of
confidence
给某人许多信心
hand
in
上交，递交
in
such
a
short
time
在如此短的时间内
look
down
向下看，低头看
on
time
按时
refuse
to
do
sth
拒绝做某事
discuss
what
to
read
讨论读什么
open
up
开启；开创；开辟
be
translated
into...
被翻译成...
have
a
bad
habit
of
doing
sth
有一个做某事的坏习惯
teach
sb（how）to
do
sth
教某人(如何)做某事
【考点精讲】
一、核心词汇
1．Germany
n．
[考点点拨]
Germany名词，意为“德国”。German作形容词，意为“德国（人）的”，作名词，意为“德国人”。常见的国家名称和某国人的单复数形式：
国家名称
某国人单数
某国人复数
Germany
German
Germans
America
American
Americans
Australia
Australian
Australians
Canada
Canadian
Canadians
France
Frenchman
Frenchmen
Frenchwoman
Frenchwomen
England
Englishman
Englishmen
Englishwoman
Englishwomen
China
Chinese
Chinese
Japan
Japanese
Japanese
法国人、英国人复数形式是将a改为e，而德国人复数形式并不是将a改为e，中国人、日本人单复数形式相同。
2．stomach
n．
[考点点拨]stomach意为“腹部，胃”，虽然是以ch结尾，但是由于“ch”是发/k/音，所以其复数形式是在词尾直接加“-s”。如：
The
stomachs
of
starving
people
often
distend.
饥民的腹部常鼓得大大的。
3．either
adv.
[考点点拨]
either意为“也”，用于否定句，且要放在句末。如：
Millie
can't
skate.
I
can,
t
either.
米莉不会滑冰，我也不会。
too作“也”讲时，用于肯定句末尾，或作为插入语放在句中，前后用逗号隔开。如：
Tom
can
swim.
I
can
swim
too.
汤姆会游泳，我也会。
You，too，may
have
a
try.
＝
You
may
have
a
try
too.
你也可以试一试。
also在书面语中比too更为正式，用于肯定句中。紧靠谓语动词，位于be动词、助动词、情态动词后，行为动词前。如：
His
uncle
is
also
a
policeman
他叔叔也是一名警察。
She
is
also
reading
a
novel.
她也在看小说。
Sandy
can
also
swim
桑迪也会游泳。
二、核心句型
1.
Have
you
decided
what
to
do
with
these
books,
Hobo?
霍波，你已经决定要怎样处理这些书了吗？
[考点点拨]
what
to
do
with—how
to
deal
with怎样处理。注意疑问词what和动词do搭配，疑问词how和动词deal搭配。如：
What
are
we
going
to
do
with
the
problem?
我们将怎样处理这个问题呢？
I
have
a
huge
pile
of
letters
to
deal
with
我有一大堆信件要处理。
2.
However,
they
soon
got
up
again
and
continued
moving
across
my
body．
可是，他们不久后又爬起来，继续在我身上爬。
[考点点拨]
continue
doing
sth继续做某事，也可以说continue
to
do
sth，两者意思相同：如：
They
continued
meeting
every
day.
＝
They
continued
to
meet
every
day.
他们继续每天见面。
表示继续维持某一情况时，其后可直接跟名词作宾语，也可先接介词with再接宾语。如：
We
will
continue
(with)
the
payments
for
another
year.
我们这样的报酬还要维持一年。
continue
doing
sth.意为“继续做某事”，continue
by
doing
sth.意为“接着做某事（其他事）”。如：
He
continued
reading/to
read
all
night.
他通宵在看书。
He
talked
about
Keats,
and
continued
by
reading
us
a
poem
他谈了济慈，接着给我们朗诵了一首诗。
三、重点语法
1．特殊疑问词+动词不定式
(1)“特殊疑问词+动词不定式”结构相当于一个名词，在句子中可作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语、状语、同位语等句子成分。大部分特殊疑问词可用于该结构，如when，how，which，where，who等等。注意：疑问词why不能用于该结构。如：
Where
to
go
is
still
a
question
去哪里还是个问题。
（作主语；作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式）
I
know
where
to
find
the
boy.
我知道哪里能找到这个男孩。
（作动词know的宾语）
The
question
is
how
to
learn
English
well.
问题是怎样学好英语。（作表语）
The
question
where
to
spend
this
weekend
troubles
Millie．
到哪儿去过周末这个问题困扰着米莉。（作同位语）
连词whether也可以用于该结构。如：
They
are
talking
about
whether
to
have
a
party.
他们正讨论是否要举办一场聚会。（作宾语）
(2)“特殊疑问词+动词不定式”结构经常用在某些动词（短语）后面作宾语，常见的有tell，show，know，learn，teach,
find
out,
forget,
wonder,
remember等。如：
I'll
show
you
how
to
do
it.
我会让你看看如何做这件事。
“特殊疑问词+动词不定式”结构还可以用在be
sure，
be
clear等后面作宾语。
I'm
not
sure
when
to
leave.
我不确定何时出发。
(3)“特殊疑问词十动词不定式”结构可以把复合句转换为简单句。如：
I
don't
know
what
I'll
do
next.
＝I
don't
know
what
to
do
next.
我不知道下一步该做什么。
反之可以将含有“特殊疑问词十动词不定式”结构的简单句转换为复合句。改写时只需在疑问词后加上适当的主语，并把不定式改为适当形式的谓语即可。如：
Li
Ping
doesn't
know
how
to
learn
English
＝Li
Ping
doesn't
know
how
he
should
learn
English
李平不知道该怎样学英语。
(4)“特殊疑问词+动词不定式”结构可以独立成句。如：
What
to
do?
怎么办？
How
to
get
rid
of
the
trouble?
如何摆脱困境？
(5)常见的两类错例
①动词后面要不要加介词？如：
我还没决定住哪儿。
误：I
haven't
decide
where
to
live
in.
正：I
haven't
decide
where
to
live.
注：where是疑问副词，副词前不需要加介词。可以说live
there，live
in
the
flat，不可以说live
in
there，live
the
flat。
②动词后面要不要宾语？如：
我不知道该做什么。
误：I
don't
know
what
to
do
it.
正：I
don't
know
what
to
do.
注：这里不要it，因为前面的what就是do的逻辑宾
语，it在这里多余。
我不知道怎样去做。
误：I
don't
know
how
to
do．
正：I
don't
know
how
to
do
it.
注：这里要it，因为do是及物动词，后面需要宾语，而how是疑问副词，不能作动词do的宾语，它在这里作状语，所以这里需要it。
2．must和have
to
must表示主观的意愿或命令，语气强烈。其否定形式为mustn't，意为“禁止，不可以”；have
to表示客观的义务或需要，意为“必须，不得不”，其否定形式为don't
have
to，表示“不必，不需要”，一般现在时中主语为第三人称单数时则要用has
to，doesn't
have
to。如：
We
students
must
work
hard.
我们学生必须努力学习。
My
bike
is
broken
today.
I
have
to
walk
to
school.
今天我的自行车坏了，我不得不步行上学。
-
Must
I
stay
here?
我必须留在这儿吗？
-
No,
you
needn't.／No,
you
don't
have
to.
不，不必。
【考点精练】
(
)1.
(2014
.乌鲁木齐)-
Have
you
decided
_______
to
the
beach?
-
Not
yet.
It
depends
on
the
weather.
A
whom
to
go
B.
where
to
go
C.
when
to
go
D.
why
to
go
(
)2.
(2014
.龙东)-
Excuse
me.
Could
you
please
tell
me
_______
my
car?
-
Sure.
Park
it
right
here.
I'll
help
you,
A
how
to
stop
B.
where
to
park
C.
when
to
park
(
)3.
(2014
.扬州)-
Excuse
me,
may
I
keep
the
book
a
little
longer?
-
Sorry.
You
_______
return
it
today.
A
must
B.
mustn't
C.
can
D.
can't
(
)4.
They
really
don't
know
_______
the
rubbish
here.
A
what
to
do
B.
how
to
do
C.
what
to
do
with
D.
how
to
do
with
(
)5.
The
five
girls
all
come
from
_______,
and
they
are
all
_______.
A
German;
German
B.
Germany;
Germany
C.
German;
Germany
D.
Germany;
Germans
二、根据句意及中文提示完成单词
1.
How
many_______
(胃)
does
a
cow
have,
do
you
know?
2.
If
you
don't
go
to
the
park
tomorrow,
I
won't_______
(也).
3.
I
was
allowed
to_______
(继续)
using
the
library.
参考答案
一、1—5
CBACD
二、1.
stomachs
2.
either
3.
continue
同步练习
1．__________
make
a
birthday
card
for
her?
A.
Why
don’t
B.
How
about
C.
Let’s
D.
Why
not
2．
Here
are
some
phone
numbers,
please
__________
in
your
notebook.
A.
write
down
them
B.
write
them
down
C.
write
down
it
D.
write
it
down
3．
The
soft
music
sounds
____.
We
are
all
listening
____.
A.
beautiful;
carefully
B.
beautifully;
carefully
C.
moving;
careful
D.
happily;
careful
4．When
the
teacher
asks
him,
he
always
____.
A.
keep
silent
B.
keep
silently
C.
keeps
silent
D.
keeps
silenty
5．Tom
didn’t
go
hiking
with
his
classmates
____
his
illness.
A.
because
B.
because
of
C.
as
D.
since
6．—What
's
wrong
with
you?
--
It’s
A.
nothing
serious
B.
serious
nothing
C.
serious
something
D.
serious
everything
7．My
parents
always
compare
me
_______
others.
So
I
am
very
stressed.
A.
with
B.
by
C.
to
D.
from
8．______
your
library
book
on
time.
A.
Give
B.
Pass
C.
Turn
D.
Return
9．—I
don’t
know
______.
—What’s
wrong?
A.
what
should
I
do
B.
what's
wrong
C.
what
to
do
D.
how
to
do
10．John
is
getting
very
thin.
He
can’t
eat______food.
A.
many
B.
enough
C.
few
D.
little
In
North
America
people
are
always
in
a
hurry.
Children
have
11
lessons
or
sports
activities
after
school.
Parents
often
work
late
and
don’t
get
home
12
7
or
8
o’clock
at
night.
More
than
50%
of
the
women
work
at
full
–time
jobs,
and
many
people
do
part-time
work..
It
isn’t
a
13
that
the
North
American
families
don’t
have
time
to
eat
many
meals
together.
When
a
family
takes
the
time
to
eat
a
meal
14
,
often
there
isn’t
enough
time
to
15
the
food.
That
is
_16
“fast
food”
is
so
popular
in
North
America.
People
spend
about
40%
of
their
food
dollars
17
fast
food.
Fast
food
is
food
such
as
pizza,
sandwiches,
or
fried
chicken.
People
usually
18
the
food
from
a
restaurant
chain
(连锁店)
such
as
Pizza
Hut,
McDonald’s,
or
Kentucky
Fried
Chicken.
Fast
food
19
work
and
time,
20
it
is
not
very
healthy.
Fast
food
is
21
in
many
countries
.
American
fast-food
companies
now
have
restaurants
all
over
the
world.
But
not
everyone
is
happy
about
the
22
of
North
American
fast
food.
A
group
of
people
in
Italy
want
to
23
against
the
spread
of
American
fast
food.
They
do
not
want
any
more
fast
–food
chains
to
open
restaurants
in
24_
country.
Their
group
is
25
the
Slow
Food
Movement.
They
plan
to
fight
against
the
spread
of
fast
food
everywhere
in
the
world.
11．A.
special
B.
double
C.
normal
D.
modern
12．A.as
B.
after
C.
until
D.
unless
13．A.
shock
B.
surprise
C.
pity
D.
decision
14．A.
alone
B.
once
C.
together
D.
again
15．A.
cover
B.
serve
C.
create
D.
prepare
16．A.
how
B.
what
C.
when
D.
why
17．A.
about
B.
on
C.in
D.at
18．A.
share
B.
fetch
C.
buy
D.
sell
19．A.
gives
B.
saves
C.
provides
D.
wastes
20．A.
but
B.
and
C.
or
D.so
21．A.
fantastic
B.
different
C.
natural
D.
popular
22．A.
spirit
B.
situation
C.
spread
D.
price
23．A.
turn
B.
fight
C.
press
D.
hold
24．A.
their
B.
his
C.
her
D.
its
25．A.
called
B.
spelled
C.
thought
D.
know
One
day,
a
boy
had
a
fight
with
one
of
his
classmates.
He
didn’t
wait
until
school
was
over,
and
hurried
home
to
his
grandfather.
He
told
him
his
story
angrily.
“He
is
really
bad,”
the
boy
said,
“and
I
hate
him.”
The
grandfather
said,
“Let
me
tell
you
a
story.
When
I
was
a
boy,
I,
too,
sometimes
hated
others
for
what
they
did…”
As
the
boy
listened
carefully,
the
grandfather
went
on,
“There
are
always
two
tigers
inside
my
heart.
One
is
good
and
kind.
He
gets
on
well
with
everything
around
him.
But
the
other
is
bad
and
unfriendly.
Even
the
smallest
thing
will
make
him
angry.
He
fights
with
everyone
all
the
time,
and
for
no
reason.
He
can’t
think
carefully
because
he
always
hates
others.
It
is
difficult
to
live
with
these
two
tigers
inside
my
heart.
They
both
try
to
control
me.”
The
boy
looked
into
his
grandfather’s
eyes
and
asked,
“Which
tiger
always
controls
you,
Grandfather?”
The
old
man
said
slowly
and
seriously,
“The
one
that
I
feed.
I
always
feed
the
good
and
kind
tiger,
so
I
never
hate
others
and
seldom
get
angry
now.”
根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。
26．The
boy
went
to
his
grandfather
____.
A.
before
he
went
to
school
B.
when
he
went
to
school
C.
after
school
was
over
D.
after
he
had
a
fight
27．The
good
tiger
____
everything
around
him.
A.
doesn’t
like
B.
gets
along
well
with
C.
isn’t
interested
in
D.
wants
to
eat
28．The
bad
tiger
fights
with
everyone
all
the
time
____.
A.
because
others
wants
to
kill
him
B.
because
he
wants
to
eat
others
C.
for
no
reason
D.
because
others
aren’t
friendly
to
him
29．The
good
tiger
can
control
the
grandfather
because
____.
A.
the
good
tiger
is
much
stronger
B.
the
good
tiger
can
get
along
well
with
others
C.
the
grandfather
treats
the
tiger
very
well
D.
the
grandfather
hates
the
bad
tiger
30．The
writer
wants
to
tell
us
____
in
the
passage.
A.
how
to
feed
tigers
well
B.
how
to
control
our
feelings
C.
how
to
get
along
with
others
D.
how
to
fight
with
others
In
a
classroom
in
any
country，the
teacher
teaches
more
than
art
or
history
or
language．He
or
she
teaches
what
is
known
as
the
“hidden
course”—the
culture
of
that
country．
In
a
society
such
as
the
United
States，people
with
different
history，culture
and
language
join
together
and
think
highly
of
individualism．Teachers
try
to
make
each
student
special．Students
do
not
have
to
remember
a
lot
of
information；instead，they
work
alone
and
find
answers
by
themselves．There
is
often
a
discussion
in
the
classroom．At
an
early
age，students
learn
to
have
their
own
ideas．Their
education
encourages
personal
thoughts．The
importance
is
put
on
how
to
arrive
at
an
answer
and
not
simply
to
get
the
correct
answer．
In
most
Asian
countries，the
people
have
the
same
languages，history，and
culture．Perhaps
for
this
reason，the
education
there
shows
society’s
ideas
in
group
goals
rather
than
individualism．Children
in
China
and
Japan
often
work
together
and
help
each
other
on
their
homework．In
the
classroom，the
teacher
often
teaches
in
a
public
way．He
says，and
the
students
listen．There
is
not
much
discussion．Instead，the
students
repeat
rules
or
information
that
they
have
been
taught
in
order
to
keep
them
in
mind．
In
many
ways
these
differences
come
from
different
educational
psychology．In
Western
countries
teachers
make
it
easier
for
the
students
to
learn
for
themselves．In
the
Eastern
countries，however，teachers
often
feel
that
their
job
is
to
pass
knowledge
to
students，or
the
students
can’t
learn
anything．
根据短文内容回答下列问题。
31．What
is
the
“hidden
course”
according
to
the
passage?
_______________________________________________________________________________
32．What
do
American
teachers
do
in
class?
_______________________________________________________________________________
33．What
do
Asian
teachers
do
in
class?
_______________________________________________________________________________
34．What’s
the
main
difference
in
education
between
the
East
and
the
West?
_______________________________________________________________________________
35．What
do
you
think
the
proper
title
for
the
passage
is?
_______________________________________________________________________________
根据汉语完成句子。
36．你不该总把你的孩子与别的孩子相比较。
You
shouldn’t
always_______
_________
_________________
others.
37．第二回合时他将与老对手竞争。
He
will
______
_______
his
old
rival
in
the
________
round.
38．到我们做作业的时间了。
It’s______
_______
_______
_______
_______homework.
39．学生参加校外活动很重要。
_______
________
________
________
_______take
part
in
activities
after
school.
40．你想删掉哪句话?
Which
sentence
do
you
want
to_______
________?
参考答案
1．D
2．B
3．A
4．C
5．B
6．A
7．A
8．D
9．C
10．B
11．A
12．C
13．B
14．C
15．D
16．D
17．B
18．C
19．B
20．A
21．D
22．C
23．B
24．A
25．A
26．D
27．B
28．C
29．C
30．B
31．The
culture
of
its
country．
32．They
let
students
work
alone
and
find
answers
by
themselves．
33．They
say
and
students
listen．
34．The
Eastern
education
shows
society’s
ideas
in
group
goals
rather
than
individualism
while
the
Western
education
encourages
personal
thoughts．
35．Education
in
the
East
and
in
the
West
37．compare
your
children
with
38．compete
with;
second
39．time
for
us
to
do
40．It’s
important
for
students
to
41．cut
out
1