Unit5 Nelson Mandel--a modern hero--基础知识梳理复习课件（新人教版必修1）

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Unit 5
Nelson Mandela—a modern hero
1．quality n．质量；性质；品质
vt.意思是；意味着；
打算
2．mean adj.吝啬的；自私的；卑鄙的
3．devote vt.献身；专心于
4．found vt.建立；建设
5．vote vt.& vi.投票；选举
n．投票；选票；表决
6．attack vt.& n．进攻；攻击；抨击
7．equal adj.相等的；平等的
n．[C](地位等)相同的人；
相等的事物
vt.等于；比得上，敌得过
8．willing adj.乐意的；自愿的
9．escape vi.& vt.逃脱；逃走；泄露
10．educate vt.教育；训练
11．reward n．报酬；奖金
vt.酬劳；奖赏
1．quality n．质量；性质；品质
例句
The quality of service in this restaurant has improved a
lot.这个饭店的服务质量已经有了很大改善。
搭配
be of good/bad/poor quality 质量好/差
be of high/low quality 优质/劣质
be of average quality 普通质量
first-class quality/first-rate quality 头等质量
quality certificate 品质证明书
注意
quantity n．量；数量
in quantity 大量的
a (large/great) quantity of/(large/great) quantities of 大量的( 修
饰可数和不可数名词，谓语动词的数由 quantity 的单复数决定)
运用
完成句子
(1)我们应该改进我们的生活品质。
We should improve_____________________.
(2)谦虚是他的美德之一。
Modesty is one of_________________.
(3)一只松鼠把大量的坚果贮藏在树里面。
A squirrel hides __________________________________ nuts
inside trees.
the quality of our living
his good qualities
a large quantity of/large quantities of
2．mean adj.吝啬的；自私的；卑鄙的
vt.意思是；意味着；
打算
例句
Hi, Tom, don't be too mean.
嗨，汤姆，不要太吝啬。
I meant to give you this book today, but I forgot.
我本来打算今天给你这本书，可是我忘了。
Revolution means liberating the productive forces.
革命就是为了解放生产力。
派生
means n．方式；手段(单复数形式相同)
meaning n．意思；含义；意义；重要性
搭配
be mean about/over sth.对某物吝啬
mean to do sth.打算做某事
mean doing sth.意味着做某事
by means of 用……的办法
by all means 一定；尽一切办法
by no means 决不
by any means 无论如何
运用
完成句子
(1)起床晚了意味着赶不上早班车。
Getting up late________________________.
(2)我打算去国外，什么也阻止不了我。
I ________________and nothing will stop me.
(3)你务必在他去新加坡之前提醒他。
You should ____________ remind him before he leaves for
Singapore.
(4)她的丈夫在金钱上很吝啬。
Her husband_____________________ money.
means missing the early bus
mean to go abroad
by all means
is very mean about/over
3．devote vt.(与 to 连用)献身；专心于
例句
She devotes most of her free time to playing tennis.
她把大部分业余时间用来打网球。
派生
to 连用)
搭配
devotion n．深爱，热爱(与 for 连用)；忠实，专心(与
devote oneself/one's life (time/money/energy) to (doing)
sth.把……献给……；把……用在……上
be devoted to (doing) sth.专心致志于；忠于
运用
完成句子
(1)尽管上班的妈妈很忙，但她还是把很多时间用在孩子身
上。
Although the working mother is very busy, she still__________
____________her children.
(2)他是一个意志坚强的人，一直致力于他的科学研究。
He is a person with great determination, who___________ his
scientific research.
devotes a
lot of time to
is devoted to
4．vote vt.& vi.投票；选举
n．投票；选票；表决
例句
The young under 18 cannot vote in the national
election.18 岁以下的青少年不能在国家大选中投票。
I suggested putting the matter to vote.
我建议对此事投票表决。
搭配
vote for/against 投票赞成/反对
cast one's vote for 投票……
take/hold a vote on 就……进行投票表决
运用
完成句子
(1)她投票赞成共产党。
She ______________________the Communist Party.
(2)我们开会的目的是就这个问题进行表决。
We had a meeting in order to_________________the issue.
voted for/cast her vote for
take/hold a vote on
5．equal adj.相等的；平等的
n．[C](地位等)相同的人；
相等的事物
例句
vt.等于；比得上，敌得过
Everybody has an equal chance.人人机会均等。
In spelling she had no equal.在拼写方面她没有对手。
No one equals him in strength.
论力气，无人能和他相比。
派生
搭配
equality n．相等；平等；均等；(数)等式
be equal to sth./doing sth.胜任某事
divide/cut sth.into equal parts 把某物分成等份
be on equal terms with sb.与某人地位平等
运用
完成句子
(1)这项任务需要思维敏捷，但约翰胜任得了。
The task took quick thinking, but John_____________.
(2)不管是容貌还是舞艺我们都比不上她。
None of us can _________either in beauty or as a dancer.
(3)四加五等于九。
Four and five___________.
(4)论智力，他和他哥哥不相上下。
He's ____________his brother as far as intelligence is concerned.
(5)妇女们要求同工同酬。
Women demand _________for___________.
was equal to it
equal her
equals nine
the equal of
equal pay
equal work
6．willing adj.乐意的；自愿的(作表语或定语)
例句
I don't know whether he is willing to come.
我不知道他是否愿意来。
派生
will aux.v.将会；愿意
n．意志；遗嘱
搭配
be willing to do sth.乐意去做某事
be unwilling to do sth.不愿意/勉强做某事
against one's will 违背某人的意愿
a strong will 坚强的意志
at will 随心所欲
运用
完成句子
(1)我们愿意在互利互惠的原则下同各国发展经济关系。
We _______________ develop economic relations with all
countries on the basis of mutual benefits.
(2)我相信他会来的。
I believe he___________.
(3)他有击败对手的坚强意志。
He had____________ to beat his opponent.
are willing to
will come
a strong will
7．escape vi.& vt.逃脱；逃走；泄露
例句
To my surprise, he could escape from that big fire.
令我惊讶的是，他能够从那场大火里逃脱出来。
搭配 escape from 从……里逃出来(后接名词、动词-ing 形式)
escape doing sth.逃脱做某事
运用
完成句子
(1)那个男孩终于从燃烧的房子里逃了出来。
That boy managed ____________the burning building.
(2)小偷跑得很快，警察没能抓到他。
The thief ran very fast and__________________ by the police.
to escape from
escaped being caught
8．reward n．报酬；奖金
vt.酬劳；奖赏
例句
She offered a reward of $2,000 for information about
her missing son.
她悬赏 2000 美元寻找她丢失的儿子的下落。
How can I reward your kindness
我怎样才能报答你的好心呢？
搭配
reward sb.with sth.用某物奖赏某人
reward sb.for (doing) sth.因(干)某事奖赏某人
give sb.rewards for...因……对某人进行奖赏
be given a medal as a reward for...因……而获得一枚奖章
offer a reward of 悬赏……
注意
词 of。
运用
表示奖赏的原因用介词 for；表示具体奖赏多少用介
完成句子
(1)他因为有功而获得一枚奖章。
He was given a medal_____________ his service.
(2)如果你英语学得好，我们会奖励你一次免费的国外游。
If you do well in English, we'll______________ a free trip
abroad.
as a reward for
reward you with
用本单元所学单词及用法完成下列句子
1．很难聘请到高素质的教师。
It's difficult to recruit teachers_____________.
2．优胜者将获得去英国旅游的奖赏。
Winners will ________________a trip to England.
3．你打算身无分文就走吗？
Do you ___________without money
4．他将一生奉献给稀有动物的保护工作。
He _____________________the protection of the rare animals.
5．所有的人生来都是平等的。
All men are created______.
of high quality
be rewarded with
mean to go
devotes his whole life to
equal
6．据报道说这种疾病破坏中枢神经系统。
It is reported that this disease _______the central nervous
system.
7．勉强孩子做事不是教育孩子的办法。
It is not the way_________ a child by making him do things
against his will.
8．他到处旅游以解烦闷。
He traveled extensively to __________boredom.
9．他愿意到偏远地区帮助那里的农民。
He___________ go to the remote areas and help the farmers there.
10．人们投票反对亨利。
People ____________Henry.
attacks
to educate
escape from
is willing to
voted against
1．out of work 失业
2．turn to 求助于；致力于；转向
3．set up 设立；建立
1．out of work 失业
例句
He must face up to the reality of being out of work.
他必须正视失业这一现实。
拓展
out of breath 上气不接下气
out of control 失去控制
out of business 破产
out of order 次序颠倒；发生故障
out of use 不被使用；废弃
out of balance 失去平衡
out of date 过时
out of touch 失去联系；不熟悉的
out of question 毫无疑问
out of the question 不可能
out of patience 不耐烦
运用
用 out of 相关短语的适当形式填空
(1)The machine went __________because of improper use.
(2)When a number of species are extinguished ( 消 失 ), the
entire ecology is said to be____________.
(3)It is _____________that I will write to you.
(4)I would like to go back to teaching but I'm___________ with
my subject now.
(5)He has been___________ for two years and has no money to
support his family now.
out of order
out of balance
out of question
out of touch
out of work
2．turn to 求助于；致力于；转向
例句
I tried to stand on my own two feet rather than turn to
my parents.我设法自立而不求助于我的父母。
Follow the main road until it branches, and then turn to the
right.顺着这条大路走，在路的分岔口向右拐。
拓展
turn away 不让进入；把脸转开
turn down 调低(温度、音量等)；拒绝
turn up 调高(温度、音量等)；露面，出现
turn off 关掉(开关等)
turn on 打开(开关等)
turn out (to be) 最后结果是
turn over 翻身；翻转
运用
用 turn 相关短语的适当形式填空
(1)We invited her to dinner but she didn't even bother to
________.
(2)How can you________ from a soldier who was wounded
(3)She petitioned ( 请求) her neighbor to_________ the radio
because her baby was sleeping.
(4)If it________ wet, we may have to change our plans.
(5)We can______ him for help.
turn up
turn away
turn down
turns out
turn to
3．set up 设立；建立
例句
A fund will be set up for the dead men's families.
抚恤死难工人家属基金会即将建立起来。
拓展
set about 开始；着手做
set aside 把……置于一旁；留住
set back 使受挫折；把(钟表)往回拨
set down 记下；写下
set off 出发；动身
set out 出发；开始(做)
set to 开始认真做
运用
完成句子
(1)他十岁时开始学英文。
He ________learning English at the age of 10.
(2)你为什么不把你的想法写到纸上呢？
Why don't you____your ideas______ on paper
(3)新政府于战后成立了。
A new government __________after the war.
(4)你打算明天几点钟启程？
What time are you planning to__________ tomorrow
(5)我们不必顾及个人感情。
Let's _______our personal feelings.
set about
set
down
was set up
set off/out
set aside
用本单元所学短语及用法完成下列句子
1．据报道，那个谋杀犯上星期被判处死刑。
It is reported that the murderer ____________________ last
week.
2．纳尔逊·曼德拉一生都在努力为黑人争取平等的权利。
Nelson Mandela worked harder and harder all his life to win
______________the black.
3．这个下岗职工失业将近半年了，还没有找到一份工作。
The laid-off worker has been ____________for nearly half a year
and he still hasn't found a job.
was sentenced to death
equal rights for
out of work
4．这所中学成立 100 周年了。
The middle school___________ 100 years ago.
5．我们被鼓励去帮助那些陷入困境的人们。
We are encouraged to give a hand to those who are__________.
6．你有能力去做好这份工作，我们都相信你。
You have the ability to do the job well.All of us _________you.
7．他没有失去信心；相反，他更加努力地工作去达到他的
目标。
He didn't__________. Instead, he worked even harder to reach
his goal.
8．如果你遇到了困难，可以向你的老师求助。
If you are in trouble, you can ______your teacher for help.
was set up
in trouble
believe in
lose heart
turn to
原句 1
...only then did we decide to answer violence with
violence.……直到那时我们才决定以暴力反抗暴力。
精讲
当 only 修饰状语(从句)位于句首时，主句采用部分
倒装结构，即将助动词、情态动词或系动词提到主语前。
精练
根据中文提示，完成下列句子
(1)他只有靠大声喊才能使河对岸的人们听到他的声音。
Only by shouting ____________________make people on the
other side of the river hear him.
(2)在 1949 年战争结束之后，他才返回了家乡。
Only when the war was over in 1949___________________
home.
was he able to/could he
did he return/get back
原句 2
He taught us during the lunch breaks and the
evenings when we should have been asleep. 在午餐的休息时间和
晚上本应该是我们睡觉的时候，他教我们。
精讲
should have done 表示“应该做某事而实际上并没有
做”。其否定形式表示“本不应该做某事而实际上做了”。
精练
根据中文提示，完成下列句子
(1)在晚上本应该写作业的时候汤姆总是看电视。
Tom always watches TV in the evening when he____________
________________.
(2)当时莉莉哭了，我本来不应该对她如此严厉。
Lily cried at that time and I______________________________.
should have
done his homework
shouldn't have been so strict with her
运用所学语言基础知识，补充完整下面短文，并背诵之
Tom was an active boy and (1)_________________ ( 拥有好品
质)．But now his family was (2)_________ (陷入困境) because his
parents were (3) ___________( 失 业 ) ． So he was worried that his
family would be unable to pay his school fees.However, Tom didn't
(4) _________( 失 去 信 心 ) and was willing to make his own
money.One day, a man asked Tom to help him (5)____________ ( 对
付；与……作斗争) Jack.Although Tom was full of fear and knew it
would break the law, he agreed in order to realize his dream of
had good qualities
in trouble
out of work
lose heart
fight against
making some money.(6) ________________(事实上), Tom not only
fought with violence, but also (7)________ ( 炸毁) Jack's house.As a
result, Tom was put in prison and (8) ___________( 被 判 处 ) five
years of hard labor.
As a matter of fact
blew up
sentenced to
听说考试“模仿朗读”备考指导(一)
考生往往觉得“模仿朗读”是听说考试三个部分中最容易
的，但是这部分也是最能测试考生的口语基本功的。下面我们将
谈谈如何更好地掌握模仿朗读的技巧，练好英语口语的基本功。
1．发音到位
在口语中，最重要的是让对方获取自己表达的信息，所以
发音正确非常关键。因此，练习发音到位很重要，因为这是影
响英语口语最基本的一个环节。很多同学在发音时，只是把音
发出来，并没有真正到位。要真正做到发音到位，关键是嘴型
要到位。现以长音/i：/和短音/I/为例来说明。
发长音/i：/的单词有 flee, see, sea, tea, sheep, bee, me 等。这
个音是前元音，是字母 ea, ee, ie 或 ei 在单词中的发音。其发音
要领是发音时舌尖抵下齿，舌前部尽量抬高，口形扁平。
发短音/I/的单词有 lift, village, English, ship 等。该音也是前
元音，是字母 i 或 y 在重读闭音中的发音。它是一个短元音，故
发此音要短促而轻快。发音的要领是舌尖抵下齿，舌前部抬高，
舌两侧抵上齿两侧，口形扁平。
我们平时可以通过一些绕口令锻炼自己的发音，如：
Tim's team was licked by the leaking roof.
Pip and Pete shipped the sheep ships cheaply.
基本句型四
主语＋及物动词＋
间接宾语＋直接宾语
此句型的句子有一个共同特点：谓语动词必须跟有两个宾
语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，
另一个是动作的间接承受者。这种句型中作间接宾语的常常指
“人”，直接宾语常常指“物”。如：
Yesterday her father bought her a bicycle as a birthday present.
昨天她父亲给她买了一辆自行车作为生日礼物。
The old man is telling the children stories in the Long March.
老人正在给孩子们讲长征中的故事。
这种句型还可转换为其他两种句型：(1)及物动词＋宾语＋
for sb.；(2)及物动词＋宾语＋to sb.。如：
Please show me your picture.＝Please show your picture to me.
请把你的画给我看一下。
I'll offer you a good chance as long as you don't lose heart. ＝
I'll offer a good chance for you as long as you don't lose heart.只要
你不失去信心，我会给你提供机会的。
注意：
1．间接宾语后置与 for 连用的动词有 buy, make, cook, get,
choose, sing, find 等。
2．间接宾语后置与 to 连用的动词有 give, lend, teach, take,
return, send, pass 等。
3．间接宾语后置既可与 for 也可与 to 连用的动词有 do, leave,
write, bring 等。
4．若直接宾语是人称代词，通常情况下将其置于间接宾语
之前。如：
误：Please give my mother them.
正：Please give them to my mother.
Unit 5 Nelson Mandela — a modern hero
　 校报英文栏目就“自行车出行的优点和缺点”为主题进行征文。请根据以下内容写一篇英语短文。
优点 缺点 你的观点
短程旅行很便；
可以锻炼身体；
对环境有利。
大街上缺乏专用通道；
下雨时麻烦；
容易被盗。 尽量多地使用；
增加停放点。
【写作内容】
【写作要求】
只能用5句话表达全部内容。
Bicycles are extremely convenient for short journeys and riding your bike is a good exercise. What's more, it is environmentally friendly because it causes no pollution. However, there are few bicycle lanes on the main street and you may be caught in a sudden rain. What's worse, bicycle theft is so common that you can't find a safe place to park them. As far as I am concerned, we should ride our bicycles as often as
possible and the government should build more parking spots.
1. n. 质量；品质；性质
2. adj. 吝啬的；自私的；卑鄙的
3. adj. 积极的；活跃的
4. adj. 慷慨的；大方的
5. adj. 无私的；忘我的
6. vt. 献身；专心于
7. n. 投票；表决 v. 投票；选举
____________________ ____________________ ____________________
____________________
____________________ ____________________
___________________
quality　
mean　
active　
generous
selfless
devote　
vote
8. vt. 进攻；抨击；攻击
9. n. 暴力；暴行
10. adj. 平等的；相等的
11. adj. 不公平的；不公正的
12. vi. 逃走；泄露；逃脱
13. vt. 教育；训练
14. vi. 请求；乞求
____________________ ____________________
____________________
____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________
attack　
violence
equal　
unfair　
escape　
educate
beg
16. n. 恐怖；恐怖活动
17. n. 报酬；奖金 vt. 酬劳；奖赏
18. vt. 判决；宣判
19. n. 总统；会长；校长
20. n. 意见；看法；主张
____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________
terror　
reward
sentence　
president　
opinion
1. 事实上
2. 使充气；爆炸
3. 求助于；致力于
4. 当权；上台
5. 建立；设立
6. 处在困境/麻烦中
7. 丧失勇气或信心
____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________
as a matter of fact　
blow up　
turn to
come to power　
set up　
in trouble
lose heart
____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________
8. 担心
9. 失业
10. 把……投入监狱
11. 被判处……(徒刑)
12. 犯法
worry about　
out of work
put…into prison　
be sentenced to　
break the law
1.It was in 1952 and Mandela was the black lawyer ________ I went for advice.
　 2.He was generous with his time, ________ I was grateful.
　 3.However, this was a time ________ one had got to have a passbook to live in Johannesburg.
　 4.…only then ________ we ________ (decide) to answer violence with violence.
to whom
for which
when
did
decide
1. quality n．[U]&[C] 质量，品质，特征
Customers prefer buying superior quality products at a reasonable price.
顾客喜欢购买物美价廉的产品。
qualify vt. 使(某人)具有……资格
qualified adj. 称职的，合格的
qualification n. 资格，资历
根据汉语意思，完成英文句子
(1)质量对于一个企业来说是非常重要的。
__________________ means a lot to a business.
(2)如今，老师们更注重素质教育。
Nowadays, teachers pay more attention to ____________________ 　.
Quality　
quality education
(3)他是粗鲁了一点，但还是有许多优秀品质。
He has many ____________________ despite his apparent rudeness.
good qualities 　
2. devote vt.献身；专心于
I've decided to devote myself to the nation after finishing my study.
我已经决定学成后报效祖国。
devoted adj.忠实的；深爱的
devotion n．挚爱；关爱；关照
devote oneself/one's energy / time / attention to (doing) sth. 奉献于……；献身于……
用所给词的正确形式填空
(1)她是一位贤妻良母。
She is a good wife and a ________ (devote) mother.
(2)我们被他们的献身精神深深感动。
We were deeply moved by their ________ (devote)．
devoted
devotion
(3)他把毕生精力都奉献在做科学研究上。
He devoted his whole life to ________ (do) scientific research.
doing
3. active adj. 积极的，灵活的，活跃的
He is still active in his profession after retirement.
退休后他还活跃在自己的工作岗位上。
action n. 行为，做法
activity n. 活动
actor / actress n. 男 / 女演员
be active in 在……方面活跃，积极参加
take an active part in 积极参加
根据汉语意思，完成英文句子
(1)虽然他已70多岁了，但他依然做事灵活。
Over seventy as he is, he ___________________.
(2)我无法判断这是不是一座活火山。
I can't tell whether it is __________________.
is still active
an active volcano　
(3)军队要支持和积极参加国家建设。
The army should _________________________
____national construction.
support and take an active part in
4. continue v. 继续，持续，延续
We will continue to expand the number of students in higher education.
我们会继续扩大高等教育的学生数量。
continue＋n. 继续……
continue＋to do / doing sth. 继续做某事
continue＋with sth. 继续……
根据汉语意思，完成英文句子
(1)在不断的噪音中我们无法继续工作。
We can't ___________________________ with all that noise going on.
(2)这游戏他们还要持续一个小时。
They will ____________________ for another hour.
continue to work / working
continue (with) the game
5. reward n. 报酬；奖金 vt.奖赏，报酬
We should reward them generously for their hard work.
他们辛苦了，我们得好好酬劳他们一下。
as a reward for 作为对……的报酬
give / offer a reward to sb. for sth.
因某事而给某人奖赏
reward sb. with sth. 用……酬谢某人
reward sb. for (doing) sth. 为某事而酬谢某人
award, reward与prize
award “奖，奖品”，指正式的或官方颁发、授予、给予的；也可以指法庭裁决给予。
reward “报答，报酬，奖赏”，表示由于做了某事而应该得到的东西。
prize “奖赏，奖金，奖品”，尤指在比赛中获得的荣誉。
Ⅰ.用award, reward, prize 填空
(1)The fireman received a ________ for saving the child's life.
(2)Hundreds of ________ can be won in our newspaper competition.
(3)The Olympic winner received a gold medal as a(n) ________.
reward
prizes
award
Ⅱ.根据汉语意思，完成英文句子
(4)他努力工作希望得到金钱上的报酬。
He worked hard in hope of getting ______________________.
(5)他们会因所做的努力而得到回报的。
They ____________________ what they have done.
a financial reward
will be rewarded for　
(6)我送给他一本书来答谢他的帮助。
I sent him a book ____________________ his help.
(7)我该怎样报答你的种种帮助？
How can ____________________ all your help
as a reward for　
I reward you for　
1. out of work/a job 失业
After being out of work for 3 months, I am anxious to start my new job.
失业3个月之后，我急切盼望着开始从事一份新工作。
at work 在上班　　
off work 在休班
after work 下班后
go to work 去上班
用以上短语完成句子
(1)他是前年失业的，也就是说，他失业已经快两年了。
He lost his job the year before last, that is to say, he has been ___________ for nearly two years.
(2)他在工作中出了一次事故。
He had an accident_______________________.
out of work
at work
(3)下班后她常常把时间花在看书上。
She used to employ herself in reading ____________________________.
after work
2. in trouble 处于困境中，有麻烦
My friends didn't desert me when I was in trouble.
我朋友在我身处困境的时候没有离弃我。
ask for/ look for/ borrow trouble
自找麻烦，自讨苦吃
be/get out of trouble 摆脱困境
put sb. to the trouble of doing sth.
给某人增添做某事的麻烦
get into trouble 遇到麻烦
make trouble 制造麻烦
have trouble (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难
take great trouble to do sth. 不辞劳苦做……
(1)他乐于帮助那些有困难的人。
He is ready to help those who are______________.
(2)别带孩子们去度假了，他们老是惹麻烦。
Don't take the children on holiday; ______________________________.
in trouble
they are always making trouble
(3)你在这里找路难吗？
Did you ____________________ your way here
(4)你一定费了很大劲才解出这道数学难题。
You _____________________________ to work out this maths problem.
have any trouble finding　
must have taken a lot of trouble
3. turn to 求助于，致力于
When you are at an impasse some day, please remember I am your friend, whom you can turn to for help.
如果有一天你穷途末路了，请记得有我这个朋友。
turn against sb. 变成和……作对
turn sb. against sb. 闹对立，不再友好
turn around / round 转身
turn sb. away 不让某人进入，解雇，防止
turn back 使原路返回；挡住
turn in 拐入；上床睡觉；使自首；上交；取得
turn off 关掉；避开，使转变方向；使厌烦
turn on 依靠； 开启，变得兴奋
turn out 打扫；驱逐；生产，制造；出席；结果是
turn over 打翻，周转，移交给，反复考虑，翻身
用适当的介词或副词填空
(1)She kept turning ________ the events of the day in her mind.
(2)Despite our worries, everything turned ________ well.
(3)It's time to turn ________ your papers.
over
out
in　
(4)Please turn ________ the volume.
(5)She turned ________ her old friend.
(6)I turned __________________my chair to face the fire.
down
against
round / around
4. lose heart 灰心，丧失信心
No matter how complex things are, don't lose heart!
哪怕事情再复杂，你也别灰心啊！
lose hope 绝望　　　
lose courage 丧失勇气
lose face 丢脸；受委屈
lose one's way 迷路
lose one's heart to… 爱上……
根据汉语意思，完成英文句子
(1)面对失败时，不要灰心。
Don't ____________________ when you are in face of failure.
(2)即使失败他也从没有绝望过。
He never _______________ even when he fails.
lose heart
loses hope
(3)接二连三的失败并没有使他丧失勇气。
The repeated failure did not make him ___________　.
lose courage
5. set up 设立，创建，建立
Originally, the charity was set up to help orphans in urban areas.
最开始，这个慈善机构成立的目的是帮助城市里的孤儿。
set up与put up
set up表“建起，搭建”，还表“成立组织、机构”。
put up表“修建，搭起，举起”，但不表组织、机构的建立。
根据汉语意思，完成英文句子
(1)他们正在筹款为村里的孩子建一所学校。
They are collecting money to ________________
for the children in the village.
(2)为研究某一专门问题成立了一个委员会。
A committee ____________________ to study a particular problem.
set up a school
was set up　
(3)谁要有问题，就请举手。
Please ____________________ if you have any questions.
put up your hand
1. I began school at six. The_school_where I studied for only two years was three kilometres away.
我6岁开始上学，我距离只在那儿学习过两年的学校有3公里远。
where引导定语从句，修饰先行词the school。
试比较以下句子：
(1)This is the school (that/ which) I visited last year.
这就是我去年去过的那个学校。
(2)This is the school where my sister studies.
这就是我妹妹上学的那个学校。
我们可以得到这样的结论：当表地点的名词在
定语从句中作先行词并在从句中作状语时，用where 引导定语从句，如(2)；如果表地点的名词在定语从句中作先行词并在从句中作宾语，则用which 或that，其中which和that 还可以省略，如(1)。
用适当的引导词填空
我工作的那家公司离我的住处不远。
(1)The company ________ I work isn't far from my living place.
(2)The company _____________ I work for isn't far from my living place.
where
that/which/不填
2. …we were put into_a_position_in_which we had either to accept we were less important, or fight the government.
……我们被置于这样一种境地，或者是被迫承认我们低人一等，或者是与政府作斗争。
介词＋关系代词which在定语从句中充当时间、地点、原因状语，相当于关系副词when, where和why。
“介词＋关系代词”中的介词的选定有两个原则，一是看从句中的动词和哪个介词可以构成固定搭配；二是看从句中需要哪个介词句意才符合逻辑。例如：
在办公室,5点半之前我似乎从来都没有时间，而到这个时候许多人都到家了。
In the office I never seem to have time until after 5：30, by which many people have got home.
(根据句意，用by which，意为“到这个时候”)
在漆黑的街上，没有一个人她可以求助。
In the dark street, there wasn't a single person to whom she could turn for help. (turn to sb. for help是固定搭配)
用适当的介词填空
他上学迟到的原因让人难以置信。
The reason ________ which he was late for school was unbelievable.
for
句子的扩展，就是在名词前后加上前置或后置定语，在动词、形容词或副词前后加上适当的状语，或增加修饰整个句子的状语，等等。其目的是使结构形式更饱满、内容表达更加清楚、语言表达更生动。练习句子的扩展，有助于循序渐进地实现由句到段的过渡。
【例1】对The boy cried.(主语＋谓语)一句进行扩展，可得到：
a. The small boy in_red_sweater cried. (画线部分为定语)
b. Losing_sight_of_his_mother,_the small boy in red sweater cried in_the_crowded_street. (画线部分为状语)
【例2】对We found the great hall full of students and teachers.(主语＋谓语＋宾语＋补语)一句进行扩展，可得到：
a. We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening_to_an_important_report. (画线部分为定语)
b. We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report made_by_a_comrade_from_the_People's_Daily_on_current_affairs_in_East_Europe. (画线部分为定语)
【例3】对People are in favor of this phenomenon.(主语＋系动词＋表语)一句进行扩展，可得到：
a. A majority of the people (who are) Involved
in the discussion are in favor of this phenomenon. (画线部分为定语)
b. A majority of the people (who are) involved in the discussion are in favor of this phenomenon saying that it can create a more comfortable study environment for students. (画线部分为状语)
简单句扩展后，增加了可读性，使读者知道了更多的信息，增强了感染力。
按要求对下列句子进行拓展
　1. The woman handed me a magazine. (至少含有一个不定式短语，一个现在分词短语)
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
In order to help me kill the time, the old woman sitting beside me handed me a magazine to read during the long boring journey.
2. Students buy books. (至少含有非谓语动词、介词短语和从句作定语)
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
　
The diligent students in our class often buy some books written in English on science, which are really well worth reading.
3. Students work. (至少含有非谓语动词、介词短语和从句作状语)
______________________________________________________________________
In order to improve their academic performance, students work hard in the classroom so they forget to go out after class.