(共106张PPT)
Module
4
Great
Scientists
Period
4 Integrating
Skills
要点讲解课
Ⅰ.
写出黑体单词在句中的汉语意思
1.
The
special
theory
of
relativity
has
raised
a
host
of
questions.
(
)
2.
In
the
era
of
information
explosion,
our
thoughts
can
be
unlimited
extension.
(
)
相对
爆炸
3.
When
shooting
an
arrow,
one
must
aim
at
the
target.
(
)
4.
As
the
rocket
rose
slowly
into
the
air
we
began
to
feel
the
pull
of
the
earth.
(
)
5.
You’re
lucky
to
escape
being
punished.
(
)
箭
火箭
逃脱
6.
The
sale
of
ice
cream
is
partly
determined
by
the
weather.
(
)
7.
Ludwig
van
Beethoven
was
a
brilliant
musician.
(
)
部分地
才华横溢的
Ⅱ.
根据语境及汉语提示写出正确的单词
1.
The
doctor
has
_________
(诊断)
it
as
heart
disease.
?
2.
The
police
made
a
check
on
the
______
(受害者).
3.
His
early
______
(生涯)was
not
a
great
success.
4.
He
is
now
on
a
_____(简短的)
visit
to
England.
diagnosed
victim
career
brief
5.
She
has
kept
up
________(身体的)
training
for
several
years
without
interruption.
6.
She
got
the
jump
on
her
classmates
by
going
to
summer
school
and
was
able
to
________
(毕业)earlier.
7.
We
do
not
intend
to
speak
much
about
this
event
because
for
us
it
is
a
very
________
(个人的)matter.
physical
graduate
personal
8.
The
long
_______
(直的)stems
of
bamboo
are
not
like
tree
wood.
9.
A
lot
of
damage
was
caused
when
the
factory
________
(爆炸).
10.
Our
manager
will
show
you
how
to
_____(消除)
your
mind
of
worries.
straight
exploded
clear
Ⅲ.
用适当的介词或副词填空
1.
The
school
is
attached
__
the
Normal
College.
2.
He
gave
away
the
secret
___
accident.
3.
__
brief,
I
will
divide
my
speech
into
three
parts.
4.
Jane
was
diagnosed
____
a
rare
form
of
cancer
that
only
18
percent
of
children
survive.
to
by
In
with
5.
He
escaped
_____
prison
by
climbing
over
the
wall.
6.
The
two
countries
have
been
__
war
with
each
other
for
six
years.
7.
Before
he
came
__
power,
he
was
once
put
in
prison
for
years.
8.
The
men
there
earn
their
living
___
manual
labour.
from
at
to
by
Ⅳ.
Read
the
text
again
and
choose
the
correct
answers
to
the
following
questions.
1.
When
were
rockets
probably
invented?
A.
About
2,
000
years
ago.
B.
In
1232.
C.
Between
the
13th
and
15th
centuries.
D.
During
the
Song
Dynasty.
2.
Who
introduced
rockets
to
Europe?
A.
The
Song
Army.
B.
The
Mongols.
C.
Wan
Hu.
D.
One
Italian
scientist.
3.
From
this
passage,
we
can
conclude
that
_________
A.
it
was
Wan
Hu
that
invented
rockets.
B.
it
was
from
China
that
rockets
were
introduced
to
Europe.
C.
rockets
are
mainly
used
for
military
purposes.
D.
it
was
Europeans
who
invented
rockets
first.
答案:
1~3.
ABB
1.
earn
one’s
living谋生
【观察领悟】
※Work
can
be
a
stressful
place,
wherever
you
earn
your
living,
whether
in
an
office,
a
factory,
or
a
school.
职场是一个充斥着压力的处所,
无论你在何处奔走生计——办公室、工厂还是校园。
【自我归纳】
①earn
vt.
__________
②___________
挣钱?
③_______________=make
one’s
living
谋生;
维持生活?
earn
money
earn
one’s
living
赚得;
赢得
【知识延伸】不同的“谋生”
【活学活用】
①I
was
old
enough
to
work
and
____
______.
我已经长大了,
可以工作赚钱了。
②Nowadays
it
is
not
very
difficult
__
____
__
_____.
现如今谋生并不是太难。
③Your
education
will
equip
you
to
earn
a
good
living.
译:
_______________________________。
earn
money
to
earn
a
living
你所受的教育会使你过上好的生活
2.
escape
v.
逃跑,
逃离,
逃脱;
避免,
避开;
被遗忘,
被忽视;
n.
逃离,
逃脱
【观察领悟】
※(2019·天津高考)Now
that
I’m
growing
and
the
world
I
once
knew
as
being
so
simple
is
becoming
more
complex.
I
find
myself
needing
a
way
to
escape.
现在我在成长,
我曾经了解的如此简单的世界变得越来越复杂,
我发现自己需要一种逃离的方法。
※It
is
hard
for
anyone
to
escape
from
the
ravages
of
time.
任何人都很难逃避时间的摧残。
※Yesterday,
I
came
across
my
former
classmate,
but
his
name
escaped
me,
which
made
me
embarrassed.
昨天,
我碰见了我以前的同学,
但是我记不起来他的名字了,
这让我很尴尬。
※He
had
a
narrow
escape
when
his
car
skidded
on
the
ice.
车在冰上打滑,
他险些出事。
【自我归纳】
(1)escape+n.
/doing
sth.
_________________
escape
from/out
of.
.
.
_____________
sth.
escapes/escaped
sb.
________________________
(2)a
narrow
escape
_________
逃脱了/避免了……
从……中逃脱
某事被某人遗忘;
未被注意
九死一生
【活学活用】
语法填空。
①Never
expect
that
you
can
escape
_____
justice.
②He
narrowly
escaped
_________(hurt)
in
the
accident.
?
from
being
hurt
写出下列句子中escape的汉语意思。
③He
was
captured
trying
to
escape
from
the
country.
(
)
④He
had
a
narrow
escape;
the
bullet
came
within
centimeters
of
his
head.
(
)
⑤It
was
an
actor
whose
name
escaped
me
for
the
moment.
(
)
逃离
避开
被忘记
3.
Soon
the
Mongols
learned
how
to
make
rockets
themselves
and
it
is
possible
that
they
introduced
them
to
Europe.
?
不久蒙古人学会了自己制造火箭,
并且很有可能就是他们将之引入欧洲的。
【句型剖析】
(1)本句是由and连接的并列句。
(2)第一分句中how
to
make
rockets
themselves是“疑问词+动词不定式”的结构作宾语。
该结构的句法功能:
①_____
__
___
it
is
a
question.
该怎样做倒是一个问题。(作主语)
②I’ve
learned
____
__
follow
through
on
an
idea
and
how
to
positively
impact
a
life.
(作动词的宾语)
我已经学会如何坚持一个想法和如何积极地影响
生活。
How
to
do
how
to
③We
must
first
solve
the
problem
of
______
__
_____.
我们必须首先解决为谁服务的问题。(作介词的宾语)
④(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)The
absolute
most
important
skill
that
you
learn
when
you
play
chess
is
____
__
make
good
decisions.
在下国际象棋时你学到的绝对最重要的技能是如何
做出正确的决定。
(作表语)
whom
to
serve
how
to
⑤(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Susanna
Reid
was
showing
families
____
__
prepare
delicious
and
nutritious
meals
on
a
tight
budget.
(作宾语补足语)
Susanna
Reid当时正向家人展示如何在预算紧张的情
况下准备美味的营养餐。
⑥Tom
had
no
idea
______
book
__
____
first.
汤姆不知道先读哪本书。(作同位语)
how
to
which
to
read
【名师指津】
(1)并非所有的动词都能接“疑问词+不定式”结构。
有此种用法的动词有:
know,
see,
decide,
tell,
ask,
consider,
discover,
explain,
forget,
learn,
remember,
wonder,
understand等。
(2)有些动词如“tell,
show,
ask,
advise,
teach,
inform”等,
可以先接宾语,
再接适当的“疑问词+不定式”结构。
(3)“疑问代词+不定式”结构中的动词必须是及物动词或不及物动词+介词;
必须用不定式的主动形式来表示。
※I
don’t
know
what
to
do
next.
我不知道下一步做什么。
※I
don’t
know
whom
to
turn
to.
我不知道向谁求助。
【活学活用】
句型转换。
①Who
should
do
it
was
discussed
last
night.
→_____
__
___
__
was
discussed
last
night.
Who
to
do
it
②After
a
long
argument,
we
decided
where
we
should
go
for
our
holiday.
→After
a
long
argument,
we
decided
______
__
___
for
our
holiday.
③Don’t
prescribe
to
me
how
I
should
do
it.
→Don’t
prescribe
to
me
____
__
___
it.
where
to
go
how
to
do
④Would
you
please
advise
me
which
I
should
buy?
→Would
you
please
advise
me
______
__
____?
which
to
buy
【备选要点】
1.
brief adj.
简短的;
简洁的
【观察领悟】
※The
newcome
secretary
wrote
a
very
brief
report,
summed
up
all
the
important
details
by
only
hundreds
of
words.
新来的秘书写了一份十分简洁的报告,
只用几百个字就概括了所有的重要细节。
※To
be
brief,
they
must
understand
the
importance
of
teaching
and
spend
more
time
with
their
children.
简而言之,
他们必须了解教育的重要性,
并多花点时间陪伴孩子。
※In
brief,
our
primary
task
in
the
new
century
is
to
develop
our
economy
and
improve
our
people’s
life
steadily.
总之,
我们在新世纪的主要任务就是发展经济,
稳步提高人民的生活水平。
【自我归纳】
①_________
简单地说,
一句话(用作插入语)?
②in
brief
_______
to
be
brief
简言之
【知识延伸】“简言之”的表达
in
short in
a
word in
a
nutshell
【活学活用】
①Could
you
give
me
__
_____
_______
__
your
club?
你能不能简洁地介绍一下你们的俱乐部?
②Please
tell
me
what
happened
__
_____;
don’t
go
into
details.
请简洁地告诉我发生了什么,
不必讲得太详细。
a
brief
account
of
in
brief
③We
are
short
of
time.
I
must
ask
you
__
___
_____.
我们时间不够,
我必须请你发言简短些。
to
be
brief
2.
clear
vi.
(烟雾)消散;
变清澈;
(天)变晴
vt.
使清澈,
使清楚,
扫清
adj.
清澈的;
晴朗的;
清晰的;
畅通的
写出下列句中clear的含义。
①(2018·江苏高考)We
must
clear
the
path
for
talented
people
willing
to
grow
the
nation’s
food.
(
)
②The
clouds
soon
cleared
away
and
it
became
quite
warm.
(
)
③It
seems
that
the
sky
will
clear
up,
and
it
promises
to
be
a
fine
day
tomorrow.
[
]
扫清
消散
(天)放晴
④(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)
You
can
keep
your
head
clear
for
4-10
hours
after
exercise.
(
)
⑤We
tried
our
best
to
clear
his
mind
of
doubt.
(
)
清醒的
消除
【知识延伸】
(1)clear
away
清除;
驱散;
拿走;
收拾
clear
up
放晴;
整理;
清理;
打扫
clear
out
离开;
清理
clear
off
走开;
清除
(2)clear
one’s
throat
(说话前)清嗓子
make
.
.
.
clear
阐明;
清楚表明
※It’s
raining
now,
but
I
think
it
will
clear
up
soon.
现在天还在下雨,
不过我想天很快就会放晴。
【活学活用】
①When
he
read
the
letter,
his
doubts
_______
_____.
他读了那封信后,
就消除了心中的疑虑。
②It
will
take
us
till
dooms
day
to
_____
___
all
this
mess.
我们永远也收拾不完这堆乱七八糟的东西。
cleared
away
clear
up
③He
_____
__
_____
that
he
was
not
interested
in
this
subject.
他非常清楚地表示他对这门学科不感兴趣。
made
it
clear
3.
by
accident偶然地
【观察领悟】
※The
best
things
are
often
out
of
our
expectation,
gotten
by
accident.
最好的东西,
往往是意料之外,
偶然得来的。
※You
sometimes
hurt
yourself
by
accident
but
you
don’t
hurt
yourself
on
purpose.
你有时会意外地伤害自己,
但你不会故意地伤害自己。
※He
brake
his
car
just
in
time
to
avoid
an
accident.
他及时刹车,
避免了一次事故。
※It
was
no
accident
that
he
was
so
deeply
mourned
in
the
country
after
his
death.
他逝世后,
全国人民那么沉痛地悼念他,
这决不是偶然的。
【自我归纳】
①________ n.
意外事件,
事故;
机遇;
偶然
②__________________
……绝非偶然?
accident
It
was
no
accident.
.
.
【知识延伸】“by+名词”知多少?
by
air乘飞机
by
hand
手工
by
chance
偶然;
碰巧
by
all
means用尽一切办法
by
design有意地;
故意地
by
no
means
决不;
根本不
by
means
of依靠……的方法
by
mistake错误地
【活学活用】
①I
found
the
key
___
________
when
I
was
cleaning
the
room.
我在打扫房间时,
偶然找到了钥匙。
②__
__
___
________
that
the
more
peace
movements
have
multiplied
the
longer
peace
had
been
maintained.
和平运动越壮大,
和平维持得越久,
这可不是偶然的。
by
accident
It
is
no
accident
③I
came
here
___
_______
to
see
you.
我特地来这里看你。
④I
got
this
book
___
______/
________
at
a
second-hand
bookshop.
我碰巧在一家旧书店里买到这本书。
on
purpose
by
chance
accident
4.
come
to
power
掌权
【观察领悟】
※Do
you
know
when
the
first
Chinese
empress
came
to
power?
你知道中国第一位女皇帝是什么时候上台执政的吗?
※The
government
has
improved
the
people’s
living
conditions
greatly
since
it
took
power.
自从执政以来,
这届政府极大地改善了人们的生活条件。
※You
have
the
power
to
control
my
mood.
你有左右我情绪的能力。
※China
is
a
country
where
the
people
are
in
power.
中国是个人民掌权的国家。
※I’m
afraid
it
is
beyond/out
of
my
power
to
do
what
you’re
asking.
我恐怕不能胜任你要求做的事。
【自我归纳】
①take/seize/lose
power
__________________
②have
the
power
to
do
sth.
_________________
③________
当权;
执政?
④_______________________
力所不能及;
超出某人的能力?
掌握/夺取/失去政权
具有做某事的能力
in
power
beyond/out
of
one’s
power
【活学活用】
①The
vice-president
____
______
before
the
election.
在大选之前由副总统执政。
②The
party
__
______
expected
to
sweep
in
this
time,
but
in
fact
they
lost
votes.
执政党期望这次顺利通过大选,
但实际上他们却输掉了。
took
power
in
power
③The
decision
is
in
the
hand
of
him;
I
couldn’t
do
the
things
_______
___
______.
决定权在他那儿,
我不能越
权而为之。
④Since
the
CPC
____
______
in
1949,
the
people’s
life
is
better
and
better.
自从1949年中国共产党掌权以后,
人民的生活越来越
好。
beyond
my
power
took
power
5.
The
tubes
were
attached
to
a
long
stick
which
helped
keep
the
rocket
moving
in
a
straight
direction.
?
(带火药的)竹筒被绑在一根长木棍上,
以帮助火箭直线运行。
【句型剖析】
(1)which
helped
keep
the
rocket
moving
in
a
straight
direction是定语从句,
修饰先行词__________。?
(2)keep为使役动词,
意思是“_______________________”。
a
long
stick
使……继续处于某种状态
(3)“keep+宾语+宾语补足语
”结构:
①keep+宾语(名词或代词)+形容词。
(2019·天津高考)The
ultimate
goal
of
Levine’s
research
is
to
keep
people
socially
active
even
in
old
age.
莱文研究的最终目标是让人们即使在老年时也能保持社会活跃。
②keep+宾语(名词或代词)+名词。
Please
keep
me
__
_____
in
the
queue.
请在队里给
我留个位置。
③keep+宾语(名词或代词)+现在分词(宾语与宾语
补足语之间是逻辑上的主动关系)。
He
kept
me
_______
in
the
rain.
他让我在雨中等。
a
place
waiting
④keep+宾语(名词或代词)+过去分词(宾语与宾语
补足语之间是逻辑上的被动关系)。
He
will
never
keep
a
job
half
_____.
他从来都不会让工作半途而废。
⑤keep+宾语(名词或代词)+介词短语。
I
managed
to
keep
my
parents
in
the
dark
about
this.
我设法对父母瞒下了此事。
done
【活学活用】
(1)语法填空。
①The
teacher
keeps
the
students
______(sit)
in
the
classroom.
②Police
were
sent
out
to
keep
the
traffic
_______
(run)smoothly
during
the
snowstorm.
sitting
running
③At
present
pupils
are
kept
_____(do)a
lot
of
exercises
not
only
in
school
but
also
at
home.
④_____
the
window
______
in
case
it
rains.
把窗户关上,
以防会下雨。
⑤I
want
to
_____
_____
_____
the
world
while
I
am
here.
在此期间我想要与世隔绝。
doing
Keep
closed
keep
away
from
(2)单句改错。
⑥(2018·浙江高考)People
tend
to
take
pride
in
keeping
everything
in
their
street
freshly
and
inviting.
_____________
freshly→fresh
6.
Or
was
he
carried
miles
into
space,
becoming
the
world’s
first
astronaut?
?
还是他被载入了数英里外的太空而成为世界上第一位宇航员了呢?
【句型剖析】
becoming
the
world’s
first
astronaut是v.
-ing形式短语作结果状语。
v.
-ing形式短语作结果状语,
一般放在句子后面。
※My
parents
went
to
the
park
yesterday,
leaving
me
alone
at
home.
昨天我父母去公园了,
让我一个人待在家里。
※It
snowed
heavily,
causing
severe
disaster
in
that
area.
雪下得很大,
造成了那个地区的严重灾难。
【名师指津】
(1)v.
-ing作结果状语通常表示一个自然而然的、意料之中的结果。
They
broke
into
the
room
without
knocking
at
the
door,
making
us
surprised.
他们没敲门就闯进屋里,
使我们很惊讶。
(2)不定式作结果状语表示一个出乎意料的结果。其前常加only以强调这一意外结果。
I
rushed
to
school,
only
to
find
it
was
Sunday
that
day.
我跑到学校,
结果却发现那天是星期天。
【活学活用】
①The
fire
lasted
a
whole
night,
_______
_____
_______.
大火烧了一整夜,
造成了巨大损失。
②We
hurried
to
the
station,
____
__
___
____
the
train
had
left.
我们匆匆忙忙赶到车站,
结果被告知火车已经开走了。
causing
great
damage
only
to
be
told
③The
film
company
closed
down,
_______
_____
______.
电影公司垮了,
汤姆失业了。
leaving
Tom
jobless
【共享课堂】
Ⅰ.
词汇串记
1.
Stephen
Hawking
is
a
brilliant
scientist
in
the
area
of
cosmology.
He
is
also
known
for
the
book
A
Brief
History
of
Time,
which
was
published
in
1988
and
is
still
a
best-seller.
However,
after
he
graduated
from
Oxford
University,
he
was
diagnosed
with
motor
neurone
disease
in
the
1960s.
As
a
victim
of
this
disease,
he
overcame
great
difficulties
and
created
a
special
theory
of
relativity.
2.
Dr
Yuan’s
personal
life
is
very
simple.
Sometimes,
he
escapes
his
busy
life
by
playing
the
violin.
Though
he
is
in
his
eighties,
his
physical
condition
is
very
good.
For
his
career,
he
once
made
a
brief
summary:
I’m
only
a
student
who
asks
questions.
Ⅱ.
句式背诵
1.
A
shop
should
keep
a
stock
of
those
goods
which
sell
best.
商店应存有最畅销的货物。
2.
(2019·天津高考)Reading
satisfies
my
desire
to
keep
learning.
阅读满足了我不断学习的欲望。
3.
It
did
not
seem
possible
that
there
could
be
so
much
destruction
in
so
short
a
time.
在如此短的时间内造成那么大规模的破坏,
似乎不太可能。
4.
Kate
heard
a
man’s
voice
in
the
background,
but
she
couldn’t
make
out
what
he
was
saying.
凯特在背景中听到一个男人的声音,
但她听不清楚他在说什么。
写一篇人物传记
文
体
指
导
一、明确体裁特点:
人物传记类的文章属于记叙文。
1.
时态常使用一般过去时和一般现在时。 2.
人称主要为第三人称。
二、理清写作框架:
1.
第一段引出要介绍的人物。 2.
第二段说明其生平、外貌、性格、教育、成就或贡献。
3.
第三段表达评价。
三、组句成篇:
围绕题目要求构建语句,
组成完整篇章。
【典例演示】
袁隆平是一位杰出的科学家,
请你根据本模块内容以及以下所提供的信息,
写一篇有关袁隆平的简介。要点提示:
1.
袁隆平被誉为“杂交水稻之父”;
2.
1930年生于北京,
大学毕业后,
一直从事农业教育和杂交水稻研究;
3.
他培植出的高产水稻,
很大程度上解决了中国人的吃饭问题;
4.
他获得了“国家最高科学技术奖”——我国的“诺贝尔奖”。
词数:
100个左右;
参考词汇:
高产的high-yield;
国家最高科学技术奖State
Supreme
Science
and
Technology
Award
Step
1 审题谋篇
体 裁
记叙文
话 题
人物传记
时 态
一般现在时,
一般过去时
人 称
第三人称
段 落
布 局
开头:
总体介绍袁隆平
主体:
详细介绍袁隆平
结尾:
评价
Step
2 遣词造句
一、核心要点
1.
被誉为“杂交水稻之父”的袁隆平于1930年生于
北京。
①被表扬为……
____________?
②杂交水稻之父
___________________?
③出生于
____________?
be
praised
as
Father
of
Hybrid
Rice
be
born
in/at
④按示例仿写句子:
示例:
Mr
Smith,
who
has
a
lot
of
teaching
experience,
will
be
joining
the
school
in
September.
仿写:
Yuan
Longping,
who
____________________
____________________________________.
?
is
praised
as“Father
of
Hybrid
Rice”,
was
born
in
Beijing
in
1930
2.
自从大学毕业以来,
他就一直担任农业教育工作者
和杂交水稻的研究员。
①从……毕业
_____________?
②担任
________
③用since引导时间状语从句翻译此句:
__________________________________________
working
as
an
educator
on
farming
and
a
researcher
on
hybrid
rice.
?
graduate
from
work
as?
Since
he
graduated
from
university,
he
has
been
3.
他培植出的高产水稻,
在很大程度上解决了我们
国家众多人口的吃饭问题。
①吃饭问题
__________________
②如此多的人
______________
the
feeding
problem?
so
many
people?
③用过去分词作定语将下列两个分句合成为一个
句子:
He
bred
the
high-yield
rice.
The
high-yield
rice
had
partly
solved
the
feeding
problem
of
so
many
people
in
our
country.
The
high-yield
rice
___________has
partly
solved
__________________of
so
many
people
in
our
country.
?
bred
by
him
the
feeding
problem
二、拓展要点
他在农业科学方面取得了杰出的成就,
我们中国人
对他评价很高。
①取得成就
___________________
②在科学方面
_________
③对……高度评价
______________
make
an
achievement?
in
science?
think
highly
of?
④用简单句翻译此句:
_______________________________________________
______________________________________________.
?
⑤用which引导非限制性定语从句翻译此句:
_______________________________________________
__________________________________________________
He
has
made
outstanding
achievements
in
agricultural
science
and
is
highly
thought
of
by
us
Chinese
people
He
has
made
outstanding
achievements
in
agricultural
science,
which
is
highly
thought
of
by
us
Chinese
people.
?
Step
3 润色组篇(注意使用since,
as,
because
of,
also等关联词)
Yuan
Longping,
who
is
praised
as
“Father
of
Hybrid
Rice”,
was
born
in
Beijing
in
1930.
Since
he
graduated
from
university,
he
has
been
working
as
an
educator
on
farming
and
a
researcher
on
hybrid
rice.
The
high-yield
rice
bred
by
him
has
partly
solved
the
feeding
problem
of
so
many
people
in
our
country.
Because
of
this,
he
received
“State
Supreme
Science
and
Technology
Award”,
known
as
the
Nobel
Prize
in
China.
Yuan
Longping
is
also
a
well-known
expert
in
the
world.
He
has
made
outstanding
achievements
in
agricultural
science,
which
is
highly
thought
of
by
us
Chinese
people.
【策略点拨】
Ⅰ.
写人物传记类文章时,
需要注意以下方面
1.
在体裁上应是记叙文,
且通常分三段,
包括人物简介(如出生的时间、地点、职业、外貌等)、人物的成就或贡献,
以及对人物的评价。
2.
文章的时态主要用过去时,
但是评价部分常与现在有关,
因此可用现在完成时和一般现在时。但是要注意时态的变化,
谈到过去的情况时,
常使用一般过去时;
谈到现在的情况时,
常使用一般现在时、现在进行时或现在完成时。
Ⅱ.
常用句式
1.
Zhong
Nanshan,
born
in
Nanjing,
Jiangsu
Province
in
1936,
is
one
of
the
greatest
doctors
in
China.
钟南山1936年生于江苏省南京市,
是中国最伟大的医生之一。
2.
Lincoln,
the
son
of
a
poor
family,
was
born
in
Kentucky
on
February
12,
1809.
林肯,
一个贫困家庭的儿子,
于1809年2月12日出生于肯塔基州。
3.
My
history
teacher
is
a
beautiful
woman
with
two
big
eyes
and
long
hair.
我的历史老师是位漂亮的女士,
她长着两只大眼睛,
留着长发。
4.
Having
graduated
from
a
middle
school,
she
went
on
further
education
at
a
university.
After
two
years
she
received
a
doctor’s
degree
in
chemistry.
中学毕业后,
她继续在一所大学深造,
并在两年后获得了化学博士学位。
5.
Not
only
is
he
interested
in
science,
but
also
he
has
a
gift
for
music.
他不仅对科学有兴趣,
也有音乐天赋。
6.
He
devoted
all
his
life
to
scientific
research
and
received
Nobel
Prize
for
physics,
which
made
him
very
famous.
他一生致力于科学研究,
并获得了诺贝尔物理学奖,
这使他非常有名。
7.
Having
graduated
from
Xi’an
Jiaotong
University,
he
received
a
doctor’s
degree
of
computer,
and
then
he
went
to
work
in
a
computer
company
in
Xi’an.
在西安交通大学毕业后,
他获得了计算机博士学位,
后来他去了西安的一家计算机公司工作。
8.
He
studied
hard
at
school
and
trained
hard
for
five
years
before
he
came
to
the
national
team.
他在校努力学习、刻苦训练了五年,
之后他进入了国家队。
9.
People
all
speak
highly
of
him
and
show
great
respect
to
him.
人们都高度赞扬他,
并且非常尊敬他。
10.
As
a
great
woman
scientist,
she
will
be
remembered
for
her
determination,
courage,
her
willingness
to
share
her
knowledge
and
her
interest
in
women’s
rights.
作为一名伟大的女科学家,
她的决心、勇气、乐意与人分享知识的精神以及她对女权运动表现出来的兴趣都将永远被人们所铭记。(共37张PPT)
Module
4
Great
Scientists
Period
3 Grammar
语法专题课
被动语态和by+v.
-ing形式
【课前热身】
阅读并使用括号内动词的适当形式完成下列句子,
并体会其用法。
①(2019·江苏高考)Born
at
an
international
crane
foundation,
Emma
_________(raise)by
human
caretakers.
?
was
raised
②Yuan
Longping
________
(bear)
and
brought
up
in
China.
?
③I
am
writing
to
apply
to
be
a
volunteer
of
your
team,
having
heard
that
a
Chinese
Painting
Exhibition
__________(hold)in
this
local
city.
?
was
born
will
be
held
④(2019·江苏高考)Wildlife
________greatly
__________
(threat)
in
the
modern
age.
?
⑤By
______(give)kids
a
lot
of
praise,
parents
think
they’re
building
their
children’s
confidence,
while,
in
fact,
it
may
be
just
the
opposite.
has
been
threatened
giving
【课堂诠释】
Ⅰ.
被动语态
英语的语态有主动语态和被动语态两种。当谓语
表示一个动作时,
若主语是动作的执行者,
谓语要用主
动语态;
若主语为动作的承受者,
谓语就要用被动语
态。
英语的被动语态由“助动词be+过去分词”构成。
1.
各种时态的被动语态
时 态
构 成
一般现在时
am/is/are
+过去分词
一般过去时
was/were+过去分词
一般将来时
will/be
going
to
+be+过去分词
过去将来时
would/was/were
going
to
+be+过去分词
现在进行时
am/is/are
+being+过去分词
过去进行时
was/were
+being+过去分词
时 态
构 成
现在完成时
has/have
+
been+过去分词
过去完成时
had
+been+过去分词
将来完成时
will
have
+been+过去分词
情态动词
情态动词+be+过去分词
2.
主动语态变被动语态的步骤
(1)主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语;
(2)主动语态的谓语动词变为被动结构(be+过去分词);
(3)主动语态的主语变为被动语态的宾语,
由by
引出,
当不强调动作的执行者时,
常省略。
将下列句子变为被动语态。
①The
children
gave
the
foreign
guests
a
warm
welcome.
→The
foreign
guests
_____
_____
a
warm
welcome
by
the
children.
were
given
②They
have
set
up
a
power
station
in
their
hometown.
→A
power
station
___
_____
___
___
in
their
hometown.
has
been
set
up
3.
主动语态变为被动语态应注意的事项
(1)双宾语的被动结构:
双宾语,
即直接宾语和间接宾语。每个宾语都可
变为被动语态的主语(多以间接宾语作主语),
另一个
宾语仍保留在谓语之后。
We
gave
him
a
guitar
yesterday.
→He
____
_____
__
______
by
us
yesterday.
?
→A
guitar
____
_____
to
him
by
us
yesterday.
?
was
given
a
guitar
was
given
(2)动词短语的被动语态:
动词短语变为被动语态时,
短语中的介词和副词
不能省略。
①I’m
afraid
that
your
leg
will
have
to
be
________
___.
恐怕你的腿得做手术。
②In
the
past
the
poor
were
______
_____
_____.
在过去穷人被人瞧不起。
operated
on
looked
down
upon
(3)复合宾语的被动语态:
当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时,
将宾语变为被动结构中的主语,
其余不动。含有使役动词和感官动词(make,
have,
hear,
see,
watch,
listen
to等)时,
不带to的不定式变为被动语态后仍需带to(let通常不用于被动语态)。
①They
heard
her
sing
an
English
song
at
the
party.
→She
____
______
__
____
an
English
song
at
the
party.
②I
found
him
lying
on
the
floor.
→He
____
______
_____
on
the
floor.
③People
saw
him
enter
the
building.
→He
____
____
__
_____
the
building.
was
heard
to
was
found
lying
was
seen
to
enter
sing
(4)宾语从句的被动语态:
含有宾语从句的主动句变为被动句,
通常用it作为
被动结构的先行主语,
把宾语从句后置。
①Nobody
knew
whether
there
was
gold
left
in
the
mine.
→__
____
___
______
whether
there
was
gold
left
in
the
mine.
?
It
was
not
known
②They
say
that
the
boy
has
passed
the
college
entrance
exam.
→__
__
____
____
the
boy
has
passed
the
college
entrance
exam.
→The
boy
__
____
__
have
passed
the
college
entrance
exam.
?
It
is
said
that
is
said
to
【联想拓展】“据说”的多种句式
一些表示“据说”或“相信”等的动词,
如believe,
consider,
expect,
report,
say,
suppose,
think等可以用于句型“It+be+过去分词+that从句”或“主语+be+过去分词+to
do
sth.
”。
(5)“get+过去分词”:
在英语口语中,
有时可用“get+过去分词”构成
被动语态。
①The
boy
___
____
when
he
was
riding
to
school.
这个男孩在骑车上学的路上受伤了。
②Her
car
___
______
at
the
weekend.
她的车在周末被人偷了。
got
hurt
got
stolen
【巧学助记】“被动”小技巧
被动语态强调“宾”,
用be加上“过去分”。
“be”要随着主语变,
人称时态要弄准。
“行为对象”作主语,
逻辑主语“by”来引。
原句若是双宾语,
一变“主”来一保“宾”。
“间宾”要把主语变,
原来“直宾”还是“宾”。
“直宾”要把主语变,
“间宾”前加“to”称心。
唯有原“宾”是“复合”,
只有变宾要当心。
原句“宾补”变“主补”,
位置不必挪寸分。
情态动词变“被动”,
情态加be才算准。
“短语动词”变“被动”,
相当“及物”莫疑心。
不过其后“介”或“副”,
变后还得要承认。
【名师指津】
(1)主动语态在变为被动语态时,
时态要保持一致,
但谓语用单数或复数则由变化后的主语的单复数来确定。
(2)不及物动词没有被动语态,
常见的有come,
go,
fall,
happen,
last,
arrive,
die等。
4.
主动语态表示被动意义
英语中,
有许多句子的主动语态可以表示被动意义,
这些主动句一般都用表示物的词作主语。常见的有以下几种情况:
(1)感官动词:
sound,
taste,
smell,
feel,
look,
seem
等后面接形容词作表语。
①(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)I
wanted
to
be
a
fireman,
whose
uniform
______
__
____.
我想成为一名消防员,
他的制服看起来很酷。
②I
know
it
______
unbelievable,
but
I
never
want
to
lie.
我知道听上去难以置信,
但我从不想撒谎。
looked
so
cool
sounds
(2)某些表示主语的特征、性质的不及物动词:
open,
close,
shut,
read,
write,
wash,
clean,
lock,
sell,
wear,
cut,
cook,
eat,
weigh,
drink等。
①The
supermarket
doors
____
automatically.
超市的门是自动关的。
②The
cloth
_______
well.
这种布料很好洗。
shut
washes
(3)表“需要”的动词:
need,
want,
require等后接动
名词。
①Your
hair
wants
______________.
?
你的头发该理了。
②The
library
needs
___________________,
but
it’ll
have
to
wait
until
Sunday.
?
图书馆需要打扫了,
但是得等到星期天。
cutting/to
be
cut
cleaning/to
be
cleaned
5.
被动语态与过去分词作表语的区别
被动语态表示动作,
句子主语是动作对象,
可以有多种时态;
而“系表结构”表示状态,
其中过去分词相当于形容词,
只有一般时态和完成时态。
①This
window
____
_______
by
Kate
yesterday.
(被动语态)
这窗户是凯特昨天打破的。
②This
piece
of
glass
__
_______.
(系表结构)
这块玻璃碎了。
was
broken
is
broken
Ⅱ.
by+v.
-ing形式
1.
by+
v.
-ing表示“通过……,
靠……,
凭……”,
可用来
表示方法、方式、手段等,
常作方式状语。
①(2019·浙江高考)Some
people
have
even
risked
their
jobs
___
______
me
food.
有些人甚至冒着丢掉工作的危险给我食物。
by
giving
②He
succeeded
___
________
hard.
他通过努力工作而获得了成功。
by
working
2.
by除了能接v.
-ing外,
还可以接名词,
其含义如下:
(1)by+the+可数的时间、长度、重量等名词,
意为
“按……计算,
按……买(卖)”。
①Cleaning
women
in
big
cities
usually
get
paid
___
___
_____.
大城市里的女清洁工通常按小时获得报酬。
by
the
hour
②In
our
country,
cloth
is
sold
___
___
_____.
在我国,
布料以米为单位来出售。
by
the
metre
(2)by+数量词,
表升降、增减的程度。
①The
sea
level
could
rise
___
____
_____
this
century.
本世纪海平面可能上涨1米。
②Costs
have
been
reduced
___
_____over
the
past
year.
过去一年,
费用已经减少了20%。
by
one
metre
by
20%
(3)by+交通工具、交通方式名词(名词前不加冠词,
不变复数),
意为“通过……,
由……,
乘……”。
Do
you
go
there
___
____
or
___
____?
你骑车还是坐公交车去那里?
by
bike
by
bus
【共享课堂】
1.
熟记各种时态的被动语态的谓语形式,
并能够根据时间状语(从句)或语境等正确判断。
2.
注意双宾语、动词短语、复合宾语和宾语从句的被动结构,
以及“get+过去分词”。
3.
理解并记忆用于主动语态表示被动含义的动词。
4.
理解被动语态与过去分词用于系表结构的区别。
5.
熟记by+v.
-ing形式的含义和功能,
并复习by+名词的各种用法。(共97张PPT)
Module
4
Great
Scientists
Period
2 Reading
and
Vocabulary
要点讲解课
Ⅰ.
根据语境及汉语提示写出正确的单词
1.
I
found
his
views
similar
to
mine,
so
I
wondered
if
he
would
_______(支持)me.
2.
They
decided
to
_______(出版)a
new
series
of
reading
materials
for
students
of
English.
3.
He
was
one
of
the
great
______(人物)
in
history.
support
publish
figures
4.
Some
people
still
like
going
to
the
cinema
to
see
a
film,
which
means
films
are
not
completely
________
(取代).
5.
As
the
main
transporting
base
for
high
level
talented
people,
College
and
University
take
a
_______
(主要的)role
in
the
whole
education
system.
replaced
leading
6.
He
was
a
major
influence
in
__________(改变)
Tom
to
socialism.
7.
In
this
case,
the
timing,
price,
or
________(数量)
of
the
order
is
decided
by
computer.
8.
He
was
________
(教育)at
Yale
and
Stanford.
converting
quantity
educated
9.
Everyone
can
greatly
improve
the
_______
(质量)
of
life.
?
10.
________(原来的)mail
returned
on
grounds
of
incorrect
address.
quality
Original
Ⅱ.
根据语境选词填空
bring
up,
the
key
to,
experiment
with,
bring
in,
as
a
result
of,
carry
out,
be
known
for,
be
diagnosed
with
1.
She
____
well
______
___
her
efforts
to
improving
the
social
condition
of
women.
?
2.
Using
your
time
properly
seems
to
be
_________
improving
your
work
efficiency.
?
3.
New
ideas
___________________since
China
was
opened
to
the
outside
world.
?
was
known
for
the
key
to
have
been
brought
in
4.
Unsurprisingly,
most
parents
like
to
________
their
children
themselves.
?
5.
But
Ford
continued
to
______________an
engine
powered
by
gasoline.
?
6.
No
matter
what
we
do,
we
must
________our
duties.
?
bring
up
experiment
with
carry
out
7.
____________her
dishonesty
I
lost
my
desire
to
form
further
friendship
with
her.
?
8.
When
her
sister
_________________breast
cancer,
Joan
became
frantic.
?
As
a
result
of
was
diagnosed
with
词
汇
微
空
间
v.
+
ion
→n.
collect(v.
)收集→collection(n.
)收集物
correct(v.
)改正→
_________(n.
)改正
devote(v.
)奉献→________(n.
)奉献
infect(v.
)传染→________
(n.
)传染
select(v.
)挑选→________(n.
)挑选
correction
devotion
infection
selection
1.
leading
adj.
主要的
【观察领悟】
※This
old
man
is
a
leading
authority
on
wheat
diseases.
这位老人是小麦病虫害方面的权威。
※(2019·北京高考)Climate
change
will
fuel
the
growth
of
phytoplankton
in
some
areas,
while
reducing
it
in
other
spots,
leading
to
changes
in
the
ocean’s
appearance.
气候变化将促进某些地区浮游植物的生长,
同时减少其他地区的浮游植物,
导致海洋外观的变化。
※I
mean
from
henceforth
to
lead
a
life
of
extreme
seclusion.
我决定从今天起过一种完全与世隔绝的生活。
※Japan
has
taken
the
lead
in
car
production.
在汽车生产方面日本已占首位。
【自我归纳】
①lead
sb.
around.
.
.
_______________
②lead
to
__________
③lead
a(n).
.
.
life
_____________
④____
n.
领先;
领先地位
⑤take
the
lead
____________
领某人参观……
导致;
通向
过……的生活
lead
带头;
居首位
【易混辨析】
lead
指在前面领路或道路、隧道和走廊等通往某地
guide
指给某人带路并沿途讲解
direct
指告诉某人如何去某地,
但不一定同去,
是正式用词。口语化的表示法为tell
the
way
【活学活用】
用lead的正确形式填空。
①____
around
the
city
by
our
guide,
we
visited
many
places
of
interest.
②With
the
boy
_______
us,
we
had
no
difficulty
finding
your
house.
Led
leading
③The
athletes’
hard
training
___
to
the
major
breakthrough
of
the
Chinese
team
at
the
2015
Beijing
world
athletics
championships.
④She
is
looked
on
as
the
_______
authority
on
the
subject.
led
leading
⑤In
the
1960s
the
USSR
____
___
____
in
exploration
of
space
and
nuclear
science.
20世纪60年代,
苏联引领了太空与核科学研究的前沿。
⑥The
people
____
__
_____
___
among
the
green
pastures
and
the
still
waters.
人们在绿色的牧场和幽静的溪流旁过着平静的生活。
took
the
lead
lead
a
quiet
life
2.
figure
n.
人物,
人影,
身材,
数字,
图表,
塑像
阅读下列句子,
并在括号内填入figure的含义。
①The
author
selects
important
and
famous
figures
and
events
in
the
history
of
China.
(
)
②He
turned
his
head
and
saw
a
figure
approaching
in
the
darkness.
(
)
人物
人影
③With
her
beautiful
face
and
excellent
figure,
people
often
say
that
she
could
be
a
fashion
model
or
an
actress.
(
)
④The
figure
is
expressed
as
a
percentage.
(
)
⑤Our
textbook
has
many
figures
to
help
explain
the
lessons.
(
)
身材
数字
图表
⑥He
chipped
a
figure
out
of
wood.
(
)
⑦Once
I
found
out
my
friends
were
going
into
“real”
majors,
like
marketing,
nursing,
and
engineering,
I
figured
I
needed
to
do
the
same
to
ensure
a
good
career.
(
)
⑧Figure
the
total
and
I’ll
pay
it
with
a
cheque.
(
)
塑像
认为
计算
【巧学助记】多变的figure
【知识延伸】
figure
in
包括;
计算在内
figure
on
计划;
预料到
figure
out
理解;
弄明白
figure
up
把……加起来
【活学活用】
①It
is
difficult
to
______
___
a
global
population
of
polar
bears
as
much
of
the
range
has
been
poorly
studied.
很难确定全球北极熊的数量,
因为许多范围的研究都
很差。
figure
out
②Have
you
_______
__
the
cost
of
food
for
our
holiday?
你把咱们度假的食物费用计算在内了吗?
③She’s
always
had
__
_____
______.
她一向体态秀美。
④We
did
not
______
___
having
so
many
people
at
the
picnic.
我们没有料到会有这么多人参加野餐。
figured
in
a
good
figure
figure
on
⑤She
only
eats
an
apple
every
morning
to
keep
her
figure.
译:
她每天早上只吃一个苹果以_________。
⑥It
may
take
several
hours
to
______
___
these
expenses.
算出这些开支也许要花几个小时的时间。
保持体形
figure
up
3.
bring
up培养;
养育
【观察领悟】
※The
boy
was
brought
up
by
his
mother,
who
had
a
dominating
influence
on
his
life.
这男孩是由他母亲养育大的,
他母亲对他的生活有很大的影响。
※The
greedy
child
brought
up
all
he
had
eaten.
这个贪吃的孩子把吃下去的东西全部吐了出来。
※We
brought
up
an
idea
of
strategy
and
countermeasures
on
sustainable
development
of
China.
我们就中国可持续发展的战略和对策提出了建议。
※He
gave
much
attention
and
thought
to
bringing
up
his
children.
他在教育孩子方面花了大量的心血。
【自我归纳】
bring
up除了表示“培养,
养育”外,
还有“_____、
_____、_____”等意思。
呕吐
提出
教育
【知识延伸】
bring
about
带来;
导致
bring
in
引进;
生产;
增加
bring
out
出版;
生产;
揭示;
取出
【名师指津】
grow
up意为“成长;
长大”,
是不及物动词短语;
而bring
up意为“抚养;
养大”,
是及物动词短语。
【活学活用】
①Please
_____
_____
____
___
at
the
meeting.
请将你的计划在会上提出来。
②The
farmers
are
________
the
apples
__
early
this
year
because
of
the
warm
weather.
由于今年天气暖和,
农夫们正提前摘苹果。
bring
your
plan
up
bringing
in
③The
publishers
are
going
to
_____
___
a
new
edition
of
that
book.
出版商打算出版那本书的新版本。
bring
out
4.
support
vt.
赞成,
拥护;
支持;
供养;
抚养;
n.
赞成,
拥护;
支持
【观察领悟】
※The
senator
is
sure
that
he
will
get
support
from
the
grass
roots.
这位参议员相信他能得到基层群众的支持。
※He
could
hardly
support
his
family
before
he
found
the
new
job.
他在找到新工作前几乎无法养家。
※Dave
will
bicycle
to
work
in
support
of
a
greener
planet.
戴夫以骑车上班的方式表达对创建一个更加环保地球的支持。
【自我归纳】
(1)support
a
family/oneself
_________________
(2)get
support
from
_______________
in
support
of
__________
养家糊口/自力更生
得到……的支持
支持,
拥护
【活学活用】
①On
this
point,
they
___
_________
___
large
parts
of
the
country’s
legal
and
economic
establishment.
在这一点上,
他们得到了这个国家法律界和经济界大部分人士的支持。
are
supported
by
②In
this
regard,
I
quoted
some
of
the
elements
__
_______
__
my
point
of
view.
对此,
我引用了一些内容来佐证我的观点。
③He
needs
a
high
income
__
_______
____
__
_____
______.
他需要有高收入才能供养得起这样一个大家庭。
in
support
of
to
support
such
a
large
family
5.
as
a
result
of由于……的结果
【观察领悟】
※Millions
of
people
are
threatened
with
starvation
as
a
result
of
drought
and
poor
harvests.
几百万人因干旱和歉收而受到饥饿的威胁。
※(2019·浙江高考)Kids
will
feel
like
they’re
not
good
enough
or
that
you
don’t
care
and,
as
a
result,
may
see
no
point
in
trying
hard
for
their
accomplishments.
孩子们会觉得自己不够好,
或者你不在乎,
结果,
他们可能认为努力取得成就毫无意义。
※(2019·北京高考)Positive
thinking
and
action
result
in
success.
=Success
results
from
positive
thinking
and
action.
积极的思考和行动会带来成功。
【自我归纳】
①as
a
result
_____(表示结果,
后面接句子)
②result
in
_____
③result
from
_______
结果
导致
起因于
【知识延伸】表示“原因”“由于”的形式
(1)介词短语类:
because
of;
thanks
to;
owing
to;
due
to;
as
a
consequence
of。
(2)连词类:
because;
since;
for;
now
that;
as。
【活学活用】
用result的短语填空。
①His
not
working
hard
__________his
failure
in
exams
and
_________,
he
was
expelled(开除).
?
resulted
in
as
a
result
同义句转换。
②He
lost
all
his
friends
__
__
_____
__
his
foolish
behaviour.
=His
foolish
behaviour
_______
__
losing
all
his
friends.
=Losing
all
his
friends
_______
_____
his
foolish
behaviour.
=His
behaviour
was
foolish.
___
__
_____
he
lost
all
his
friends.
as
a
result
of
resulted
in
resulted
from
As
a
result
6.
convert
vt.
改变;
转换
【观察领悟】
※(2019·天津高考)He
managed
to
convert
everything
into
a
joke
or
a
story
and
did
so
in
a
clever
and
imaginative
way.
他设法把每件事都变成一个笑话或故事,
并以一种聪明而富有想象力的方式做到了这一点。
※I
want
to
convert
the
money
into
US
dollars
and
send
it
to
America.
我想把钱兑换成美元再寄到美国。
【自我归纳】
convert
sth.
into
sth.
__________________
把……变成(转化成)
【活学活用】
①We’ll
_______
sorrow
____
strength.
我们要化悲痛为力量。
②The
hotel
is
going
__
___
_________
____
a
nursing
home.
那家旅馆将被改建成私人疗养院。
convert
into
to
be
converted
into
7.
replace
vt.
取代;
以……代替
【观察领悟】
※(2019·天津高考)How
much
time
and
money
would
it
cost
to
replace
the
contents
of
that
little
wallet?
换掉那个小钱包里的东西要花多少时间和金钱?
※He
picked
them
up
and
replaced
them
in
the
bag.
他把它们捡了起来,
放回包里。
※I
will
replace
the
cup
I
have
broken
with
a
new
one.
我愿用一只新杯子替换被我打碎的那只。
※A
good
deal
of
old
equipment
needed
junking
and
replacement.
许多老旧的设备都应该废弃,
另外添购新的。
【自我归纳】
①replace 除了有“取代;
以……代替”的含义外,
还有“_______________”之意。
②replace.
.
.
with/by
___________
③___________
n.
代替
把……放回原处
用……替换
replacement
【知识延伸】
in
place
of
替代
instead
of
代替;
而不是
take
the
place
of=take
one’s
place
代替
【活学活用】
句型转换。
①It
is
said
that
Foxconn
will
use
a
number
of
robots
in
place
of
most
of
its
workers.
→It
is
said
that
Foxconn
will
_______
most
of
its
workers
____
a
number
of
robots.
replace
with
一句多译。
②直到后悔取代了梦想,
那他才真的老了。
A
man
is
not
old
until
regrets
____
___
_____
__
dreams.
→A
man
is
not
old
until
regrets
____
________
_____.
→A
man
is
not
old
until
regrets
replace
dreams.
take
the
place
of
take
dreams’
place
8.
quantity
n.
数量
【观察领悟】
※(2019·浙江高考)Experts
say
that
the
quality
of
praise
is
more
important
than
the
quantity.
专家说,
表扬的质量比数量更重要。
※The
food
was
enough
in
quantity,
but
not
very
good
in
quality.
这种饭菜在量方面是足够了,
但质方面不是很好。
※Now,
as
one
of
China’s
largest
museums,
the
Forbidden
City
has
a
large
quantity
of
valuable
items
and
books.
如今,
作为中国最大的博物馆之一,
故宫里藏有大量的珍贵物品和书籍。
※Her
works
become
popular
with
a
great
quantity
of
readers.
这些作品使她拥有了大量的读者。
【自我归纳】
①in
quantity
_______
②quantities
of+名词+复数谓语动词
_________
大量地
许多……
【知识延伸】
(1)只接可数名词的有:
a
great/good
many;
a
large/great/good
number
of;
quite
a
few。
(2)只接不可数名词的有:
a
great
deal
of;
a
great
amount
of;
quite
a
little。
(3)既可以接可数名词也可以接不可数名词的有:
a
lot
of
=
lots
of;
plenty
of;
a
large/great
quantity
of=large/great
quantities
of。
【活学活用】
语法填空。
①A
large
quantity
of
beer
________(sell)
yesterday.
?
②Large
quantities
of
food
__________(waste)
because
of
the
way
it
looks.
?
③It’s
often
less
expensive
to
buy
goods
__
________(大
量地),
but
you’d
better
exam
the
quality
before
buying
them.
was
sold
are
wasted
in
quantity
④Chocolate
does
contain
_____
_________
__
(大量
的)energy,
so
if
you
eat
too
much
of
it,
you
can
put
on
weight.
⑤The
shoes
were
of
good
design
and
good
quality.
译:
________________________。
large
quantities
of
这些鞋样式新颖,
质量上乘
【备选要点】
1.
search
for寻找,
搜寻……
【观察领悟】
※(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)
I
was
searching
for
these
three
western
lowland
gorillas
I’d
been
observing.
我在寻找我一直观察的这三只西部低地大猩猩。
※
They
searched
all
the
drawers
for
the
missing
paper.
他们翻了所有的抽屉寻找那份遗失的文件。
※The
police
searched
her
for
drugs.
警察搜查她,
看她身上是否藏有毒品。
【自我归纳】
①_________=look
for
寻找,
搜寻……(接搜查后要找的东西)?
②______________________
为……而搜查……?
search
for
search
sb.
/sp.
for
sb.
/sth.
【知识延伸】
in
search
of
寻找;
搜寻
search
into
调查;
研究
search
after/for
探索;
寻找
【活学活用】
①We
________
__________
___
the
missing
child,
but
in
vain.
我们到处寻找那失踪的孩子,
但没有找到。
②The
scientists
___
_________
____
the
influence
of
the
moon
on
the
ocean.
科学家们正在研究月球对海洋的影响。
searched
everywhere
for
are
searching
into
③You
can
______
___
___
____
______
on
the
Internet.
你可以在网上搜索新单词。
④(2019·江苏高考)Early
humans
spent
more
time
__
______
__
food.
早期人类花更多的时间寻找食物。
⑤We
should
keep
on
investigating
and
_________
_____
truth.
我们应坚持调查研究,
不断探求真理。
search
for
the
new
words
in
search
of
searching
after
2.
the
key
to.
.
.
……的关键
【观察领悟】
※(2019·北京高考)Credibility
holds
the
key
to
development.
信誉是发展的关键。
※(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Color
is
the
key
to
making
a
room
feel
the
way
you
want
it
to
feel.
色彩是让房间有你想要的感觉的关键。
【知识延伸】
本句中的key作“关键”讲,
常与介词to搭配,
后跟名词或动名词。此外,
常与to搭配的名词还有answer,
reply,
entrance,
solution等。
※(2019·浙江高考)The
answer
to
this
question
is
not
clear.
这个问题的答案不清楚。
※There
is
no
doubt
that
global
warming
is
a
clear
and
present
danger,
and
geoengineering
may
be
part
of
the
solution
to
that
problem.
毫无疑问,
全球变暖是一个明确而现实的危险,
并且地质工程方法有可能是解决那个问题的一部分。
【活学活用】语法填空。
①The
key
to
_______(solve)
the
problem
between
the
company
and
the
consumers
is
_______(meet)
the
demands
_____(make)
by
the
consumers.
?
②He
told
us
the
key
__
his
success
in
winning
the
first
prize
was
hard
work.
solving
to
meet
made
to
单句改错。
③Remember,
early
diagnosis
and
treatment
is
often
the
key
for
long-term
health.
(
)
for改为to
3.
rise
vi.
上升,
增长
【观察领悟】
※The
population
in
China
over
65
will
rise
by
8
million
a
year
for
the
next
five
years,
so
nursing
homes
will
become
an
increasingly
tempting
business.
在未来五年,
中国65岁以上的老人每年将增加800万之多,
所以办养老院将成为一个越来越吸引人的生意。
※It
is
predicted
that
domestic
demand
for
paper
would
rise
to
around
20
million
tons
by
2020.
据预测,
到2020年国内对纸张的需求将上升到约两千万吨。
※There
are
some
indications
that
the
prices
will
rise.
有迹象表明物价将上涨。
【自我归纳】
①rise
by.
.
.
vi.
______________________
②rise
to
_______
上升了……;
增长了……
增长到
【知识延伸】
(1)类似短语:
increase
by
增加了
increase
to
增加到
reduce
by
减少了
reduce
to
减少到
(2)on
the
rise
在增加,
在上涨
give
rise
to
使发生,
引起
rise
up
上升,
起义
rise
from
从……升起,
由……复活
【巧学助记】raise只是比rise多了个“a”吗?
不要小瞧一个“a”,
两个单词大不同;
raise及物“使上升”;
rise不及物是“上升”。
【活学活用】
①Scientists
expect
it
to
____
___
an
extra
1-3
degrees
over
the
next
100
years.
科学家预计今后100年中气温还将升高1到3度。
②The
population
of
the
city
___
_____
__
five
million.
该市人口已增加到五百万。
rise
by
has
risen
to
③Careful
examination
of
the
chart
could
indicate
that
the
number
of
hours
college
students
spend
on
computers
is
___
___
____
_____
____.
仔细研究一下这
幅图表,
就能看出大学生花在电脑上的时间逐年增多。
on
the
rise
every
year
4.
Its
yield
is
much
greater
than
the
yield
of
other
types
of
rice
grown
in
Pakistan.
?
它的产量远高于巴基斯坦其他种类的水稻。
【句型剖析】
(1)本句是一个much修饰比较级的句型,
much修饰
比较级意为“_________”。
……得多
(2)比较级前可用a
bit,
a
little,
some(肯定句及表示请
求或建议的问句中),
any(否定句或疑问句中)等表示
“____________”;
用rather,
much,
far,
a
great/good
deal,
a
lot,
a
good
bit等表示“_________”。
①Can
you
move
a
little
farther?
译:
______________________
稍稍,
一点儿
……得多
你可以挪得稍远一点吗?
②Do
you
feel
any
better
today?
译:
______________________
③Let’s
go
by
car.
It’s
much
cheaper.
译:
___________________________
④The
result
of
the
match
turned
out
far
better
than
I
had
expected.
译:
_____________________________
你今天觉得好一点了吗?
咱们开车去。这样便宜得多。
比赛的结果比我预料的好得多。
【名师指津】修饰比较级的副词误区
①在作定语的形容词的比较级前一般只用far或much。
②在修饰或代替复数可数名词的more前不用much,
而要用many。
③用still,
even,
yet表示“更加”,
其中still只用于肯定句中。
④表示确定程度的修饰语,
如分数或有关长度、时间、重量等名词词组通常放在比较级前,
也可由by引出且置于比较级之后。
【活学活用】
(1)根据汉语提示填入表示程度的单词。
①It’s
_____
(很)
colder
today
than
it
was
yesterday.
②There
are
___
(多)
more
people
than
we
expected.
③The
next
day
she
got
up
____
(更)
earlier.
④If
you
can
jump
____(一点)
higher,
I
will
give
you
a
prize.
?
much
far
still
a
bit
(2)单句改错。
⑤Ted
bought
much
more
books
than
I
did
yesterday.
____________
⑥The
coat
is
many
more
expensive
than
the
one
we
saw
yesterday.
_______________
much→many
many→much/far
【共享课堂】
Ⅰ.
词汇串记
Which
are
you
interested
in,
botany,
biology,
biochemistry,
zoology,
or
genetics?
There
are
brilliant
scientists
in
every
field.
Today,
I’ll
introduce
one
of
them
to
you.
Dr
Yuan
Longping
is
a
leading
figure
in
China’s
agricultural
research.
Dr
Yuan
is
known
for
his
super
hybrid
rice
and
has
been
awarded
several
times.
Born,
brought
up
and
educated
in
China,
Dr
Yuan
knew
that
many
people
suffered
from
hunger.
At
that
time
rice
was
a
staple
food
in
China.
So
he
dreamed
of
developing
a
new
species
to
raise
rice
production
to
feed
more
people.
Supported
by
the
government,
he
devoted
himself
to
the
research.
As
a
result
of
his
years’
efforts,
in
1974,
he
made
a
great
breakthrough
and
finally
developed
hybrid.
It
has
a
higher
yield
than
either
of
the
original
plants.
His
discovery
was
published
in
newspapers
worldwide.
Now,
Dr
Yuan’s
rice
has
gradually
replaced
the
common
rice
and
much
of
the
land
has
been
converted
to
growing
vegetables
and
other
cash
crops.
Ⅱ.
句式背诵
1.
Whether
the
farmers
can
be
in
employment
well
is
the
key
to
the
further
development
of
China’s
economy
as
well.
农民能否充分就业也是中国经济进一步发展的关键。
2.
Moving
in
a
wheelchair
and
speaking
through
a
special
computer,
he
has
become
the
voice
of
science.
靠轮椅来移动并且通过特殊的电脑说话,
他成为了科学的代言人。
3.
Or
was
he
carried
miles
into
space,
becoming
the
world’s
first
astronaut?
还是他被带到了数英里之外的太空,
成了世界上第一位宇航员?
4.
If
you’re
going
to
be
a
good
leader,
make
sure
that
you
support
people
around
you
and
keep
the
group
working
well.
如果你想成为一名优秀的领导,
就应该支持你周围的人,
使这个集体运作良好。(共30张PPT)
Module
4
Great
Scientists
Period
1 Introduction
&
Reading
and
Vocabulary文本研读课
Ⅰ.
根据汉语提示及课文语境写出正确的单词
1.
In
a
hungry
world,
rice
is
a
______(主要的;
重要
的)food
and
China
is
the
world’s
largest
________
(生产者).
2.
He
studied
__________(农业)
in
college
and
as
a
young
teacher
he
began
experiments
in
crop
________
(培育).
staple
producer
agriculture
breeding
3.
He
could
produce
a
new
plant
which
could
give
a
higher
_____(产量)
than
either
of
the
_______(原来的;
最初的)plants.
4.
The
results
of
his
experiments
were
_________(出版)
in
China
in
1966.
5.
50
thousand
square
kilometres
of
rice
fields
were
_________(转换)
to
growing
vegetables
and
other
cash
crops.
yield
original
published
converted
Ⅱ.
补全短语
1.
as
a
result
__
由于……的结果
2.
bring
__
引进;
招来
3.
rise
___
增长了
4.
bring
___
培养;
养育
5.
convert.
.
.
______
把……转换成
of
in
by
up
into/to
6.
search
___
搜寻;
寻找
7.
experiment
____
用……来做实验
8.
the
key
__
……的关键
for
with
to
Ⅲ.
阅读导引
1.
查阅有关袁隆平的资料,
了解该话题的背景。
2.
找出课文中介绍人物的词汇和句型。
Step
1 Pre-reading
Match
the
scientists
with
their
achievements.
a.
Theory
of
relativity
b.
Father
of
China’s
aerospace
c.
A
Brief
History
of
Time
d.
Discovered
radium
e.
Universal
gravitation
f.
Father
of
Hybrid
Rice
Step
2 While
reading
Ⅰ.
Divide
the
whole
passage
into
three
parts
and
tell
the
main
idea
of
each
part.
A.
His
school
life
and
how
he
discovered
hybrid
rice.
B.
How
important
his
discovery
was.
C.
Yuan
Longping
is
a
leading
figure
in
the
rice-growing
world.
Part
1(Para.
1):
______
Part
2(Paras.
2~4):
______
Part
3(Paras.
5、6):
______
C ?
A ?
B ?
Ⅱ.
Read
and
answer
the
questions:
1.
What
kind
of
figure
is
Yuan
Longping?
__________________________________________
He
is
a
leading
figure
in
the
rice-growing
world.
?
2.
What
did
Yuan
Longping
do?
(complete
the
sentences)
As
a
boy,
_______________________.
?
As
a
college
student,
___________________.
?
As
a
teacher,
__________________________________.
?
he
was
given
the
nickname
he
studied
agriculture
he
began
experiments
in
crop
breeding
He
thought
_____________________________________
_______________________________.
?
In
1966,
_______________________________________.
?
In
1970,
_________________________________
__________.
?
the
key
to
feeding
people
was
to
have
more
rice
and
to
produce
it
more
quickly
the
results
of
his
experiments
were
published
a
naturally
sterile
male
rice
plant
was
discovered
3.
What’re
the
advantages
of
hybrid
rice?
(1)
Production
_________________________?
(2)
50
thousand
square
kilometres
of
rice
fields
were
converted
to
___________________________________.
?
(3)
Yuan’s
rice
___________________________.
?
rose
by
47.
5%
in
the
1990’s.
growing
vegetables
and
other
cash
crops
was
exported
to
other
countries
Ⅲ.
Read
the
passage
and
finish
the
form.
In
his
childhood
He
1.
____________
in
many
schools
and
was
given
a
nickname.
From
an
early
age
He
was
interested
in
plants.
In
college
He
studied
2.
__________.
was
educated
agriculture
As
a
young
teacher
He
began
3.
___________
in
crop
breeding.
In
1966
The
results
of
his
experiments
were
4.
_________
in
China.
In
1970
A
naturally
sterile
male
rice
plant
5.
_____________.
experiments
published
was
discovered
In
the
1990’s
Chinese
rice
6.
__________
rose
by
47.
5
percent.
Some
rice
fields
were
converted
to
growing
vegetables
and
other
7.
__________.
Later
Yuan
Longping’s
rice
8.
____________
to
other
countries.
production
crash
crops
was
exported
Ⅳ.
Sentence
explanation.
1.
As
a
boy
he
was
educated
in
many
schools
and
was
given
the
nickname,
“the
student
who
asks
questions”.
分析:
(1)本句为复合句。其中and连接两个并列的
_____结构的谓语动词。
(2)___________________________是the
nickname
的同位语,
是对the
nickname的解释、说明。?
(3)__________________是定语从句,
修饰先行词
__________。?
句意:
孩提时,
他在很多学校接受教育,
并且得到这样
一个绰号“_________________”。
被动
the
student
who
asks
questions
who
asks
questions
the
student
总爱问问题的学生
2.
He
thought
there
was
only
one
way
to
do
this—by
crossing
different
species
of
rice
plant,
and
then
he
could
produce
a
new
plant
which
could
give
a
higher
yield
than
either
of
the
original
plants.
分析:
句意:
他认为只有一种方法可以做这件事——通过
杂交不同种类的水稻,
然后就可以生产出一种
___________________________________。
比原先任何一种水稻产量都高的新品种
Step
3 Post-reading
Yuan
Longping
is
a
1.
_______(lead)
figure
in
the
rice-growing
world.
He
was
interested
in
plants
from
2.
___
early
age,
and
he
went
to
study
agriculture
in
college
and
began
crop
breeding
experiments
3.
__
a
young
teacher.
Then
he
brought
up
a
plan
to
produce
leading
an
as
4.
_____(much)
rice
by
crossing
different
species
of
rice
plant.
He
put
his
plan
5.
____
practice
and
the
results
6.
_____________(publish)
in
China
in
1966.
In
1970,
he
discovered
a
7.
________(natural)
sterile
male
rice
plant,
8.
______
was
a
breakthrough.
?
more
into
were
published
naturally
which
As
a
result
of
Yuan
Longping’s
discoveries,
Chinese
rice
production
rose
9.
___
47.
5%
in
the
1990’s,
10.
____
50,
000
square
kilometres
of
rice
fields
were
converted
to
growing
vegetables
and
other
cash
crops.
Besides,
some
other
countries
shared
the
results
of
his
discoveries.
by
and
【主题情境思考】
Suppose
one
of
us
is
talking
about
Yuan
Longping.
What
topic
should
we
talk
about?
______________________________________________
____________________?
___________________________________
__________________________________________
1.
Yuan
Longping’s
school
life
and
how
he
discovered
the
special
type
of
rice.
2.
The
influence
of
the
new
hybrid
rice.
?
3.
What
we
have
learned
from
Yuan
Longping.
?
