高考英语专题练习——并列连词和状语从句
易错点1
并列连词之间的误用
1.
I’m
sorry,
_________
I
won't
be
able
to
come
tonight.
A.
for
B.
and
C.
but
D.
then
________________________________________
【错因分析】容易误选
A。学生误认为空格后的句子是用以说明I’m
sorry的原因,便想当然地认为要选for来表示原因。
【试题解析】I'm
sorry
后习惯上不接表示原因的连词for,而接表示转折的连词but(也可省略
but),用以委婉地提出一个使对方不快的事实。又如:
Oh,
sorry,
but
she's
out.
哦,不好意思,她出去了。
【参考答案】
C
________________________________________
2.
In
much
of
Asia,
especially
the
so-called
“rice
bowl”
cultures
of
China,
Japan,
Korea,
__________
Vietnam,
food
is
usually
eaten
with
chopsticks.
________________________________________
【错因分析】容易误填or。有的学生没有真正理解空格前后两部分之间为并列关系,易误填or。
【试题解析】分析这个句子的结构及语境可知,Vietnam与空格前的China,
Japan,
Korea之间是并列关系,故填并列连词and。
【参考答案】and
________________________________________
3.
They
live
in
too
big
a
house
with
too
many
rooms,
or
their
house
of
life
is
a
hut.
(单句改错)
________________________________________
【错因分析】前后句之间为转折关系,误用了表示选择的连词or。
【试题解析】句意为:他们住在拥有太多房间的一所大房子里,然而他们精神生活的房子却是一个小屋。前后句之间应使用表示转折关系的并列连词yet/but。
【参考答案】or改为yet/but
________________________________________
4.
Neither
you
nor
I
don’t
know
the
truth.(单句改错)
________________________________________
【错因分析】对“neither…nor…”的用法掌握不牢。
【试题解析】句意为:你和我都不知道真相。“neither…nor…”本身就表示全部否定,故不用否定词,即不能加not。
【参考答案】删去don’t
________________________________________
常见的并列连词
1.
and和or
◆and的用法如下:
(1)
表示另加:其意为“和”“又”“而且”。如:
?Let
me
have
some
toasts
and
a
cup
of
coffee.
给我来几片烤面包和一杯咖啡。
(2)
表示结果:意为“因此”,与so的用法比较接近。如:
?He
fell
heavily
and
broke
his
arm.
他摔得很重,手臂都摔断了。
(3)
表示条件:相当于if…then,含有“如果……那么……”的意味。如:
?Do
that
again
and
I’ll
call
a
policeman.
你再这样做我就要叫警察了。
(4)
表示连续:既可表示一种连续不断的状态,也可以表示一个动作完成之后连续做另一个动作。如:
?The
train
ran
faster
and
faster.
火车开得越来越快。
?He
finished
lunch
and
went
shopping.
他吃完午饭而后去买东西。
(5)
表示对比:含有“尽管……还”的意味。如:
?Tom’s
15
and
still
sucks
his
thumb.
汤姆15岁了,还嘬大拇指。
◆并列连词or要比and用法简单此,它主要表示选择,其意为“或”“还是”等。如:
?It’s
a
lovely
baby.
Is
it
a
boy
or
a
girl?
宝宝真可爱,是男孩还是女孩?
?He
speaks
French,
or
perhaps
he
understands
it.
他会讲法语,或者他懂法语。
另外,or还可以表示一种否定的条件,相当于if…not…如:
◆Be
careful,
or
you’ll
break
that
vase!
小心,否则你会把那花瓶打碎。
=If
you
don’t
be
careful,
you’ll
break
that
vase.
2.
表对比或转折的连词主要有but和yet
(1)
but的用法:其意为“但”“但是”“却”。如:
?He
looked
around
but
could
see
nobody.
他向四周望望,却没看见什么人。
?I
know
of
the
town
but
I’ve
never
been
there.
我知道有这座城市,但从未去过。
(2)
yet的用法:其意也表示“但是”“却”,与but用法相似,有时可换。如:
?It
is
strange
yet
true.
这很奇怪,却是真实的。
?I
have
failed,
yet
I
shall
try
again.
我失败了,但我还要尝试。
3.
表因果关系连词主要有for和so
(1)
for的用法:表示原因,意为“因为”“由于”。如:
?The
days
were
short,
for
it
was
now
December.
白天很短,因为现在已经是12月。
注意:
for表示原因时,它引出的句子不能放在句首,如不能说:
For
it
was
now
December,
the
days
were
short.
(2)
so的用法:表示结果,意为“所以”“因此”。如:
?It’s
very
cold,
so
wear
a
heavy
coat.
外边很冷,因此穿一件厚大衣吧。
注意:
汉语可以说“因为……所以……”,但英语中表示结果的so不能与
表示原因的because连用,如不能说:
Because
it’s
very
cold,
so
wear
a
heavy
coat.
4.
其他并列连词
除上面提到的并列连词外,还有both…and,
either…or,
neither...nor,
not
only...but
also等并列连词。如:
(1)
both…and的用法:意思是“不仅……而且”“……和……”。如:
?He
speaks
both
English
and
French.
他既说英语也说法语。
?Both
brother
and
sister
are
college
students.
兄妹俩都是大学生。
(2)
either…or的用法:意思是“要么……要么”“……或是……”。如:
?We
can
have
either
fish
or
beef.
我们可以吃鱼或是牛肉。
?We
can
either
fly
there
or
go
by
train.
我们可以坐飞机去也可坐火车去。
(3)
neither...nor的用法:意思是“既不……也不”。如:
?He
neither
drinks
nor
smokes.
他既不喝酒,也不抽烟。
?She
felt
neither
frightened
nor
sorry.
她既不感到害怕也不感到遗憾。
(4)
not
only...but
also的用法:意思是“不仅……而且”。如:
?Not
only
men
but
also
women
were
chosen.
不仅仅是男的,女的也有被选中的。
1.(2019·新课标II卷·语法填空)I
don't
see
any
reason
to
give
up
work.
I
love
coming
here
and
seeing
my
family
and
all
the
friends
I
have
made_(make)
over
the
years.
I
work
not
because
I
have
to,
___67___
because
I
want
to.”
【解析】:考查并列连词。根据句意逻辑可知,此处为转折关系,句意:我工作不是因为我不得不做,而是因为我想做。此处用but与前文not
呼应,构成“不是……而是
……”之意,故填but。
【答案】but
2.(2018·新课标I卷·短文改错)At
the
end
of
our
trip,
I
told
my
father
that
I
planned
to
return
every
two
years,
but
he
agreed.
【解析】:考查并列连词的用法。我计划每两年回来一次,他同意了。此处是并列关系,故将but改成and。
【答案】but改为and
3.
Don’t
turn
off
the
computer
befor
closing
all
programs,
__________
you
could
have
problems.(单句语法填空)
【解析】:句意:在关闭所有程序之前不要关闭电脑,否则你会遇到麻烦。or表示“否则”。
【答案】
or
【名师点睛】
“祈使句+and/or+陈述句”结构
(1)祈使句+
and(then,and
then)+陈述句
在这个句型中,前边祈使句+
and(and
then)相当于if引导的条件句。如:
?Come
early,and
you’ll
catch
the
first
bus.
=If
you
come
early,you’ll
catch
the
first
bus.来早点,你就能赶上第一班汽车。
?Use
your
head,then
you’ll
find
a
way.开动脑筋,那么你就会找到办法。
?One
more
word,and
I'll
get
angry
with
you.如果你再说一句话,我就生你的气了。
?Another
week,and
the
railway
station
will
be
completed.再有一周,火车站就完工了。
(2)祈使句+(or,or
else,otherwise)+陈述句
在这个句型中,前边祈使句+(or,or
else,otherwise)相当于unless引导的条件句。如:
?Work
hard,otherwise,you’ll
fail.
=
Unless
you
work
hard,you’ll
fail.努力干,要不,你会失败的。
?Use
your
head,or
else
you
won’t
find
a
way.=
Unless
you
use
your
head,
you
won’t
find
a
way.
开动脑筋,否则,你就找不到办法。
巧选and,
or:选择连接词,只看陈述句,and叫人心欢畅,or的后果不好尝
3.
It
is
downtown,
but
it
is
easy
to
go
anywhere
from
the
hotel
by
public
transport.
(单句改错)
【解析】:句意:这里是市中心,所以从酒店乘公交去任何地方都很方便。前后分句为因果关系,故应用表示因果关系的并列连词so。
【答案】but改为so
【名师点睛】
so用作并列连词时主要表示结果,意为“因此”“所以”。如:
?I
was
tired,
so
I
went
to
bed
earlier.
我累了所以早点睡了。
?He
took
my
shoes,
so
I
couldn’t
leave
the
house.
他把鞋拿走了,我出不了门。
?It
was
very
cold,
so
we
had
to
wear
warm
clothes.
天气很冷,所以我们得穿暖和的衣服。
按英语习惯,表示结果的so不能与表示原因的because套用,在使用时只能保留其中的一个。如:
那是一个难题,所以我最后才回答。
误:Because
that
was
a
difficult
question,
so
I
answered
it
last.
正:That
was
a
difficult
question,
so
I
answered
it
last.
正:Because
that
was
a
difficult
question,
I
answered
it
last.
易错点2
but与although/though的混用
1.
Though
not
very
big,
but
the
restaurant
is
popular
in
our
area.
(单句改错)
________________________________________
【错因分析】受汉语思维的影响认为“虽然……但是”可以连用,故发现不了错误。
【试题解析】从属连词Though(虽然)不可与并列连词but(但是)一起使用,故应去掉but。
【参考答案】去掉but________________________________________
2.
Although
he
had
only
entered
the
contest
for
fun,
_____
he
won
first
prize.
A.
but
B.
and
C.
even
D.
不填
________________________________________
【错因分析】容易误选
A,将汉语的“虽然……但是……”直译为
although
…
but…
【试题解析】although为从属连词,用以引导让步状语从句,它表明整个句子为复合句;而
but在表示“但是”时,它是并列连词,用以连接两个简单句使之成为并列句。由于在同一句中既用了从属连词
although,又用了并列连词
but,使得该句一半像复合句,一半像并列句,从而导致错误。正确的做法是,任意去掉
although和
but中的一个,使之要么成为复合句,要么成为并列句。
【参考答案】
D
汉语中可说“虽然……但是……”,但按英语习惯,通常不能说although…but或though…but:
虽然很危险,但我要试试。
误:Although
it
is
dangerous,
but
I
will
try.
正:Although
it
is
dangerous,
I
will
try.
/
It
is
dangerous,
but
I
will
try.
不能将汉语的“虽然……但是……”直译为(al)though…but…,这是因为
(al)though
为从属连词,用于引导让步状语从句;而but在表示“但是”时,它是并列连词,用以连接两个句子使之成为并列句。由于在同一句中既用了从属连词(al)though,又用了并列连词
but,使得句子一半像复合句,一半像并列句,从而导致错误。正确的做法是,任意去掉
(al)though
和
but
中的一个,使之要么成为复合句,要么成为并列句。
Though
the
boy
came
back
to
life,
______
he
was
still
weak.
A.but
B.yet
C.however
D.so
【解析】:本题考查连词词义辨析。句意为:尽管这个男孩已经苏醒,但是他仍然很虚弱。but“但是”,是表示转折意义的连词;yet“然而”,是表示转折意义的副词,通常与not等连用;however“然而”,
是表示转折意义的副词;so“所以”,是表示因果关系的连词。根据句意以及句首的Though可知选B。句首有Though时不能与but或however连用。
【答案】B
易错点3
时间、条件状语从句中引导词的误用
1.
With
speech
develops,
the
child
starts
to
tie
more
words
together.(单句改错)
________________________________________【错因分析】对as引导时间状语从句的用法掌握不。
【试题解析】句意:随着语言能力不断发展,这个孩子开始把更多的词连起来说。前后两句表示两个发展变化中的情况,表示在某事发生的过程中另一事也发生,as“一边……一边……;随着”,故应用As。with只是个介词,只能跟名词、代词在一起。
【参考答案】With
改为As
________________________________________
2.
—I’m
going
to
the
post
office.
—_______
you’re
there,
can
you
get
me
some
stamps?
A.
As
B.
While
C.
Because
D.
If
________________________________________
【错因分析】容易误选A。
【试题解析】尽管
as和
while均可用作从属连词引导时间状语从句,表示“当……的时候”,但两者有一个重要区别,就是这样用的
as从句的谓语不能是状态动词。
【参考答案】B
________________________________________
3.
He
was
about
to
tell
me
the
secret
______
someone
patted
him
on
the
shoulder.
A.
as
B.
until
C.
when
D.
while
________________________________________
【错因分析】几个干扰项均有可能误选。
【试题解析】when意为“这时(突然)”,主要用于某一动作突然发生于另一动作正在进行或刚要发生之时。
【参考答案】C
________________________________________
4.
John
thinks
it
won't
be
long
________
he
is
ready
for
his
new
job.
A.
when
B.
since
C.
after
D.
before
________________________________________
【错因分析】几个干扰项均有可能误选。
【试题解析】此句是由before
引导的时间状语从句,构成“It
won’t
be+时间段+状语从句”,如果主句的谓语动词是否定式时,意思是“没过多久就……”。
【参考答案】D
________________________________________5.
Don’t
be
afraid
of
asking
for
help
________
it
is
needed.
A.
unless
B.
since
C.
although
D.
when
________________________________________
【错因分析】几个干扰项均有可能误选。
【试题解析】根据句意,此句是由when引导的条件状语从句,
when相当于if。句意是:如果需要,就不要害怕帮助。所以选D。
【参考答案】D
一、时间状语从句的用法归纳
1.
引导时间状语从句的从属连词很多,常见的有before,
after,
when,
while,
as,
since,
till,
until,
as
soon
as
等。
2.
表示“当…时候”的
while,
when,
as
的用法区别是:while从句中的谓语动词必须是延续性动词;表示
带有规律性的“每当”或当主、从句谓语动词的动作发生有先后时,只能用
when;当表示“一边……一
边……”或“随着”时,只能用
as。另外,用于此义的
as
所引导的时间状语从句谓语只能是动作动词,
不能是状态动词。
3.
until
在肯定句中通常只连用延续性动词,表示相应动作结束的时间;在否定句中通常连用非延续性动词,
表示相应动作开始的时间,意为“直到……才……”。如:
?If
you
must
go,
at
least
wait
till
the
rain
stops.
如果你坚持要走,
至少也要等雨停了再走。
?The
letter
passed
from
one
to
another
until
everyone
had
read
it.
那封信逐一传阅,直到每个人都看过为止。
4.
表示“一…就”除用
as
soon
as
外,还可用
the
minute,
the
second,
the
instant,
immediately,
directly,
instantly,
no
sooner…than,
hardly…when
等。如:
?I
came
immediately
you
called.
你一来电话我就来了。
?Hardly
had
I
opened
the
door
when
he
told
me.
我刚开开门,他就告诉了我。
?The
moment
I
have
finished
I'll
give
you
a
call.
我一干完就给你打电话。
5.
every
time,
each
time,
(the)
next
time,
(the)
last
time,
by
the
time,
the
first
time,
any
time
等以
time
结尾的词
语也可用作连词,引导时间状语从句。如:
?Last
time
I
saw
him,
he
looked
ill.
上次我见到他时,他好像有病。
?Every
time
I
call
on
him,
he
is
out.
我每次去访问他,他都不在。
?You
can
call
me
any
time
you
want
to.
你随时都可以给我打电话。
?Next
time
you’re
in
London
come
and
visit
us.
你下次来伦敦过来探望我们。
注:其中的every
time,
each
time,
any
time前不用冠词,(the)
next
time,
(the)
last
time中的冠词可以省略,而the
first
time中的冠词通常不能省略。
6.
before和since引导的时间状语从句:
◆before引导时间状语从句的句型有:
it
was
not…before…
没过多久就……
it
will
be…before…过了多久才……
◆since意为“自从……”,可构成:
It
is/was+一段时间+since…
since与终止性动词连用,表示“自……以来已有多长时间”;
since与延续性动词连用,表示“自从不做某事有多长时间了”。从句中常用过去时,主句用一般现在时或现在完成时。
二、
条件状语的用法归纳
1.
if
表示正面的条件,
意为“如果”;
unless
(=if
not)
表示负面的条件,
意为“除非,
如果不”。如:
?If
you
ask
him,
he
will
help
you.
如果你请求他,
他会帮助你。
?If
you
had
come
a
few
minutes
earlier,
you
would
have
met
him.
要是你早来几分钟就碰到他了。
?He
is
sure
to
come
unless
he
has
some
urgent
business.
他一定会来,
除非他有急事。
2.
in
case,
on
condition
that,
providing,
provided
(that),
supposing,
suppose
(that)等词汇意思相近,
指“假如,
假使,
在……条件下”(比if更为书面化)。如:
?In
case
he
comes,
let
me
know.
如果他来的话,
告诉我一声。
?I
shall
give
you
my
dictionary
on
condition
that
you
return
it
tomorrow.
我将把我的字典给你,
如果你明天要还的话。
?I
will
go,
providing/provided
(that)
my
expenses
are
paid.
只要我的费用有人付,
我就去。
?Suppose/Supposing
(that)
he
does
not
come,
what
shall
we
do?
他要是不来,
我们该怎么办?
3.
as
long
as
(=so
long
as)
表示充分必要条件,
引导语气强烈的条件状语从句时,
意为“只要”。如:
?I
will
cooperate
as
long
as
I
am
notified
on
time.
只要及时告诉我,
我就会合作。
?You
may
use
the
book
so
long
as
you
will
return
it
on
time.
只要你准时还,
你就可以借这本书。
1.
The
field
research
will
take
Joan
and
Paul
about
five
months;
it
will
be
a
long
time
_______
we
meet
them
again.
A.
after
B.
before
C.
since
D.
when
【解析】:句意:这项调查研究将要花Joan和Paul大约5个月的时间,我们还要一段时间才能再次见到他们。该题考查的是句型:It
will/would
be+时间段+before从句“还要过多久……才……”。故选B。
【答案】B
2.
It
is
difficult
for
us
to
learn
a
lesson
in
life________
we’ve
actually
had
that
lesson.
A.
until
B.
after
C.
since
D.
when
【解析】:句意:在亲身经历之前,我们很难去体味生活中的教训。所给选项只有until
符合句意。
【答案】A
【名师点睛】
until的用法归纳:
unitl
词性
释义
例句
备注
介词
(表示动作、状态的继续)……为止,在……之前
I
waited
until
three
o’clock.
我一直等到三点钟。
until与表示延续性的动词连用,表示动作及状态继续到某一时刻
(用于否定句)到……为止,直到……才
The
noise
didn’t
stop
until
midnight.噪音一直到午夜才停止。
连词
(表示动作、状态的继续)直到(另一动作或状态出现)之前
He
lived
with
his
parents
until
he
got
married.
他与父母住在一起直到结婚为止。
(用于否定句)直到,直到……才
The
children
won’t
come
home
until
it
is
dark.
孩子们不到天黑不回家。
使用注意事项:
◇注意事项一
until用于肯定句中,表示主句的动作一直持续到从句动作发生或状态出现时为止。一般可译为“……直到……为止”。在这种用法中,主句的谓语动词必须是持续动词(非瞬间动词),如live,
wait
,
last,
love,
like,
stay,
work,
continue
等。
until用于否定句中,表示主句的动作在从句的动作发生之前尚未发生,或者说主句的动作在从句的动作发生之后才开始。一般可译为“直到……才”。
◇注意事项二
until后面的从句中不能用一般将来时,应该用一般现在时代替。所谓的“主将从现”。
?
He
will
stay
here
until
his
mother
comes
back.
They
will
study
at
the
school
until
their
parents
come
to
take
them
home.
◇注意事项三
till和until的意思基本相同,用法也基本一样,但until语气较重,多用于较正式的文体里。
till多用于英式英语,
until多用于美式英语;
till不能用在句首,也不能用在not开头的短语或从句里,而until可以。在这种情况下应用倒装语序。
?
Until
he
came
home,
we
knew
the
news.
在他到家之前,我们不知道这消息。
?
Not
until
nine
o’clock
yesterday
evening
did
we
finish
the
work.
直到昨晚九点,我们才完成这项工作。
3.
_____the
damage
is
done,
it
will
take
many
years
for
the
farmland
to
recover.
A.
Until
B.
Unless
C.
Once
D.
Although
【解析】:句意:一旦农田被毁坏,将需要许多年的时间才能得以恢复。A.
until译为到……为止,直到……才,在……以前;B.
unless译为如果不,除非;C.
once译为一旦,一经……便;D.
although译为虽然,然而,尽管。结合句意,故选C。
【答案】C
易错点4
原因、目的、结果、让步状语从句中引导词的误用
1.
Tired
________
he
was,
he
continued
his
work.
________________________________________
【错因分析】没有掌握as/though引导让步状语从句的用法。
【试题解析】句意:虽然他很累,但他继续工作。as引导的让步状语从句放在主句之前,从句中的表语、状语或谓语部分的实义动词原形需提前置于句首;though也可引导让步状语从句,句子可倒装也可不倒装。
【参考答案】
as/though
________________________________________
2.
So
that
we
might
see
the
sunrise,
we
started
for
the
peak
early.
(单句改错)
________________________________________
【错因分析】误将so
that引导的目的状语从句放于句首。
【试题解析】句意:为了能看到日出,我们很早就向山顶出发。由句意可知,从句为目的状语从句,但so
that
引导的从句不能置于句首,一般只能置于主句之后,故应用in
order
that。
【参考答案】So
that改为In
order
that
________________________________________
一、让步状语从句的用法
引导让步状语从句的连词主要有以下这些:though,
although,while,
as;
even
if,
even
though;
whether...or...;
no
matter+疑问词,疑问词-ever,
regardless
of+名词/名词短语/名词从句,despite,in
spite
of。
(1)though,
although表示“虽然,纵然”之意。
这两个连词意思大致相同,在一般情况下可以互换使用。在口语中,though较常使用,although比though正式,二者都可与yet,
still或never,the
less连用,但不能与but连用。
(2)as,
though表示“虽然……但是”,“纵使……”之意。
as引导的让步状语从句必须以部分倒装的形式出现,被倒装的部分可以是表语、状语或动词原形,though也可用于这样的结构中,但although不可以这样用。
如:
?Object
as
you
may,
I’ll
go.(=Though/Although
you
may
object,
I’ll
go.)
纵使你反对,我也要去。
(3)even
if,
even
though
表示“即使……”,“纵使……”之意,含有一种假设。
这两个复合连词的意思基本相同。它们常互换使用,但意义有细微差别。even
if引导的让步从句含有强烈的假定性,可用来表示与事实相反的假设,但不能用来描述已经发生的事实。而even
though引导让步状语从句时,是以从句的内容为先决条件的,即说话人肯定了从句的事实,表示已经发生了的事。
如:
?We’ll
make
a
trip
even
if/though
the
weather
is
bad.
即使天气不好,我们也要作一次旅行。
(4)whether...or...表示“不论是否……”,“不管是……还是……”之意。
由这一个复合连词引导的让步状语从句旨在说明正反两方面的可能性都不会影响主句的意向或结果。
如:
?You'll
have
to
attend
the
ceremony
whether
you're
free
or
busy.
不管你忙不忙,都要参加这个典礼。
?Whether
you
believe
it
or
not,
it's
true.无论你是否相信,这都是真的。
(5)“no
matter+疑问词”或“疑问词-ever”的含义为“……都……;不管……都……”
它们引导的让步状语从句可以互换。
如:
?No
matter
what
happened,
he
would
not
mind.
(=Whatever
happened,
he
would
not
mind.)
无论发生了什么,他都不会介意的。
?No
matter
who
you
are,
you
must
keep
the
law.(=Whoever
you
are,
you
must
keep
the
law.
不管你是谁,你都要遵纪守法。
但“no
matter+疑问词”结构只能引导让步状语从句,而“疑问词-ever”还可以引导名词性从句。如:
?Whatever(=No
matter
what)
you
say,
I
won’t
believe
you.
(Whatever
引导让步状语从句)
无论你说什么,我都不会相信你。
?I'll
eat
whatever
(≠no
matter
what)
you
give
me.
(whatever引导宾语从句)你给我吃什么,我就吃什么。
?Whoever
comes
will
be
welcome.
(Whoever
引导主语从句)
不管谁来都受到欢迎。
此外,有时while也可以引导让步状语从句,但一般要位于句首。如:
?While
I
like
the
colour,
I
don't
like
the
shape.我虽然喜欢那颜色,但不喜欢那形状。
二、原因状语从句的用法
1.
引导原因状语从句的从属连词主要有because,
as,
since,
now
that等;
2.
as
与since,
now
that
一样表示双方都知道的原因,通常位于主句前,且均不可用于强调结构被强调。
3.
当表示直接的因果关系,回答why时,或有only,
just,
all
not
,but等修饰时,或用在强调结构中都只能用
because。
三、目的状语从句的用法
引目的状语从句的从属连词有so(以便),
that(以便),
so
that(以便,为了),
in
order
that
(为了,以便);in
case(以防,以免),
lest(免得,以防),
for
fear
that(以免,惟恐)等。从句中一般含有can,
could,
may,
might,
will,
would等情态动词。如:
?Bring
it
closer
so
(that)
I
can
see
it
better.
拿近一点以便我看得更清楚。
?Let’s
take
the
front
seats
that
we
may
see
more
clearly.
咱们坐前排,以便看得清楚点。
?I
left
at
6:00
so
that/in
order
that
I
could
catch
the
train.
为了赶上火车,我六点就出门了。
?I
shall
write
down
your
telephone
number
that
I
may
not
forget.
我要把你的电话号码写下,以免忘了。
?Take
the
raincoat
in
case
it
rains.
带着雨衣,以防下雨。
?Be
careful
lest
you
fall
from
that
tree.
要当心,
以免从树上摔下来。
?He
walked
fast
for
fear
that
he
should
be
late.
他走得很快,以免迟到。
注:当从句主语与主句主语相同时,可用不定式来表达相同的意思。如:
译:为了通过考试,他学习非常努力。
正:He
studies
very
hard
so
that(=in
order
that)
he
can
pass
the
exam.
正:He
studies
very
hard
so
as
to
(=in
order
to)
pass
the
exam.
1.
_________the
students
came
from
different
countries,
they
got
along
quite
well
in
the
summer
camp.
A.
While
B.
Unless
C.
Since
D.
Until
【解析】:考查连词辨析。这里是一个while引导的让步状语从句。A.
while尽管(引导让步状语从句);B.
unless除非(通常用于条件状语从句);C.
since自从(引导时间状语从句);D.
until直到……才……(通常用在时间状语从句中)。结合句意:尽管学生都来自不同的国家,他们在夏令营里面都相处得很好。故选A
【答案】A
2.
Cathy
had
quit
her
job
when
her
son
was
born
_______
she
could
stay
home
and
raise
her
family.
A.
now
that
B.
as
if
C.
only
if
D.
so
that
【分析】考查连词。A.now
that既然;B.as
if好像;C.only
if只要;D.so
that以便。这里是so
that引导的目的状语从句。句意:当Cathy的儿子出生的时候,她就放弃了自己的工作,以便呆在家里照顾家人。根据句意故选D。
【答案】D
◆
区分while引导的并列句与状语从句
while
引导并列句时,表示前后句之间的对比,意为“然而”。
引导时间状语时,表示“当……时”
引导让步状语从句,表示“虽然,尽管”
?He
went
out
for
a
walk,
while
I
stayed
at
home.
他出去散步了,而我却呆在家里。
?I
like
singing
while
she
likes
dancing.
我喜欢唱歌,而她喜欢跳舞。
?While
I
was
watching
TV,
the
bell
rang.
我看电视时,铃响了。
?While
it
was
late,
he
went
on
working.
虽然很晚了,但他还在继续工作。
◆as/when/while引导时间状语的区别
as
着重强调主句与从句的动作或事情同时或几乎同时发生,as从句中的谓语动词既可是持续性动词,也可是短暂性动词。
when既可以表示在某一点的时候,又可以表示在某一段时间内,主语与从句的动作或事情可以同时发生也可以先后发生。
while“当……时;在……期间”,从句中动词一般要用延续性动词,并且while强调主句所表示的动作持续与从句所指的整个时间内。
◆so…that,
such…that…引导结果状语从句
so…that…“如此……以至于……”,引导结果状语从句,常用于以下结构:
形容词/副词
so
many/few+可数名词复数
+that从句
much/little+不可数名词
形容词+a(n)+可数名词单数
such…that…“如此……以至于……”,引导结果状语从句,常用于以下结构:
形容词+可数名词复数
such
形容词+不可数可数名词复数
+that从句
a(n)+形容词+可数名词单数
注意:
little意为“少”时,构成so
little;
意为“小”时,构成such
little。
?Such
a
little
boy
has
so
little
difficulty
in
working
out
this
problem
that
I
admire
him
very
much.
这样小的一个男孩解这道题所遇到的困难是如此之少,以至于我很佩服他。
◆where引导定语从句与状语从句的区别
1.
where引导定语从句时,
where是关系副词,在从句中作地点状语,其前面有表示地点的先行词,
where引导的
从句修饰先行词。如:
?The
bookshop
where
I
bought
this
book
is
not
far
from
here.
我买这本书的那个书店离这里不远。
?This
is
the
house
where
I
lived
two
years
ago.
这就是我两年前住的那个房子。
?We
will
start
at
the
point
where
we
left
off.
我们将从上次停下来的地方开始。
2.
where引导状语从句时,
where是从属连词,
where引导的从句修饰主句的谓语动词,
where前面没有表示地
点的先行词。如:
?Wuhan
lies
where
the
Changjiang
River
and
the
Han
Jiang
River
meet.
武汉位于长江和汉江汇合处。
1.(2019·新课标I卷·短文改错)Suddenly
football
feel
just
in
front
of
me
but
almost
hit
me.
【答案】
Suddenly
(a)
football
fell
just
in
front
of
me
almost
hit
me.
【解析】:考查冠词。名词football为可数名词,前边需要有限定词。这里football第一次出现,故在football前加a;考查连词。句意:突然一个足球落在我前边并且差点打到我。“足球落下来”与“打到我”两个动作是顺承关系,不是转折关系。故将but改为and。
2.(2018·北京卷·单项填空)_________
we
don’t
stop
climate
change,
many
animals
and
plants
in
the
world
will
be
gone.
A.
Although
B.
While
C.
If
D.
Until
【答案】C
【解析】:考查状语从句。句意:如果我们不阻止气候变化,那么世界上的很多动植物将会消失。分析句意及句子结构可知,动植物不灭绝的前提条件是阻止气候变化。although尽管;while当……时候,尽管;if如果;until直到。根据句意可知选C。
3.(2018·江苏卷·单项填空)_______
you
can
sleep
well,
you
will
lose
the
ability
to
focus,
plan
and
stay
motivated
after
one
or
two
nights.
A.
Once
B.
Unless
C.
If
D.
When
【答案】B
【解析】:考查连词词义辨析及语境理解。句意:除非你睡得好,否则一两个晚上之后,你会失去专注、计划和保持动力的能力。A.
Once一旦;B.
Unless除非;C.
If如果;D.
When当……时候。故选B。
点睛:本题考查连词辨析。解题时要区分清选择项的含义与区别,再联系句意进行判断,从而选出正确答案。
4.(2017·北京卷·单项填空)________
birds
use
their
feathers
for
flight,
some
of
their
feathers
are
for
other
purposes.
A.
Once
B.
If
C.
Although
D.
Because
【答案】C
【解析】:考查状语从句。
前后两句之间是转折关系,故选C。句意:虽然鸟儿用它们的羽毛来飞行,
但是有些羽毛也可用作其他用途。
5.(2017·北京卷·单项填空)If
you
don't
understand
something,
you
may
research,
study,
and
talk
to
other
people
________
you
figure
it
out.
A.
because
B.
though
C.
until
D.
since
【答案】C
【解析】:考查状语从句。
根据句意可知用until,表示“直到”。句意:如果你遇到不明白的东西,可以研究、学习、与人交流,直到你弄清楚。
6.(2017·江苏卷·单项填空)Located
________
the
Belt
meets
the
Road,Jiangsu
will
contribute
more
to
the
Belt
and
Road
construction.
A.
why
B.
when
C.
which
D.
where
【答案】D
【解析】:考查状语从句。由located一词可知此处缺少一个表示方位、地点的引导词,故用where引导地点状语从句。句意:位于“一带一路”交汇处,江苏将为“一带一路”的建设做出更多的贡献。
7.
Jogging
is
good
exercise
______
it
doesn't
pollute
the
air.
A.
though
B.
and
C.
but
D.
so
【答案】B
【解析】:考查并列句。句意:慢跑是一种很好的运动,并且它还不污染空气。“Jogging
is
good
exercise”和“it
doesn't
pollute
the
air”之间是并列关系,所以用and。though“然而”表示转折关系;but“但是”表示转折关系;so“因此”表示因果关系。故选B。
8.
It
is
sad
enough
that
being
a
lover
of
mankind,
Albert
Nobel
himself________
had
a
wife________
family
to
love
him.
A.
both;
and
B.
not
only;
but
also
C.
never;
or
D.
neither;
nor
【答案】C
【解析】:考查并列连词。根据句子结构可排除A、B和D(因为三项都连接同等成分),C项的never是副词,修饰动词,放在主谓语之间,or是并列连词,连接同等的并列成分(即两个作宾语的名词),因前面有否定意义的词never,所以此句可看成否定句,所以用or来连接(肯定句用and
连接),再者句意“当人类的爱人真够悲哀的,Albert
Nobel本人从来都没有一个妻子和家庭来爱他。”也符合本句的逻辑。故选C。
9.
—What
should
we
do
since
we
can’t
make
a
compromise
after
lengthy
talks.
—___________
you
apologize
and
take
back
what
you’ve
said
____________
it
is
all
over
between
us.
A.
Either;
or
B.
Not
only;
but
also
C.
Neither;
nor
D.
Whether;
or
【答案】A
【解析】:句意:——既然谈过来谈过去我们都不能让步妥协,那我们该怎么办?——要么你道歉并收回你的话要么我们就桥归桥路归路。"either...or...表示"要么……要么……",符合语境和句子结构的要求,在此连接两个并列的句子。not
only...but
also...不仅……而且……;neither...nor...既不……也不……;whether...or...用于引导从句。
10.
________
the
fire
breaks
out,he
is
the
first
to
arrive
at
the
scene.
A.Every
time
when
B.Moment
C.No
matter
whenever
D.Every
time
【答案】D
【解析】:句意为:每一次发生火灾,他总是第一个到达现场。every
time用作连词,引导时间状语从句。
11.
They
will
not
start
the
work
_______
their
teacher
comes
back.
A.
while
B.
until
C.
as
soon
as
D.
if
【答案】B
【解析】:本题考查连词的使用。本题的含义为直到他们的老师回来,他们才开始工作。本题中的not…until表示“直到……才……”的含义,与题意相符,而while当……时候,as
soon
as一……就……,if如果。
12.
—Tony,
don’t
stay
up
too
late,
_______
you’ll
feel
sleepy
in
class.
—I
won’t,
Mom.
Good
night.
A.
but
B.
or
C.
though
D.
because
【答案】B
【解析】:句意:Tony不要熬夜太晚,否则你上课时会困。A.
but
但是;
B.
or否则;
C.
though
虽然。D.
because
因为。
故选B。
13.
—What
do
you
think
of
a
good
friend?
—Friends
are
like
books—you
don’t
need
a
lot
of
them
_________
they’re
good.
A.
as
long
as
B.
as
soon
as
C.
as
well
as
D.
as
large
as
【答案】A
【解析】:句意:你认为好朋友是什么样子?——好朋友就像书籍—样,不在多,贵在品质。
as
long
as只要;as
soon
as一……就……;as
well
as与……一样;as
large
as一样大。只有A答案能引导条件状语从句。故答案为A。
14.
______
it
is
raining
hard,
they
are
still
working
in
the
field.
A.
Because
B.
As
soon
as
C.
Though
D.
Unless
【答案】C
【解析】:句意:尽管雨下得很大,但是他们仍然在田地里干活。Because因为;
As
soon
as一……就;Though虽然,though与but
不能在一个句子中同时出现;Unless除非。所以选C。
15.
She
cared
more
about
her
students
than
her
own
health.
That’s
why
two
years
passed
_____
she
was
treated
for
breast
cancer.
A.
since
B.
before
C.
after
D.
until
【答案】B
【解析】:句意:她关心自己的学生要超过关心自己的身体健康,这就是为什么两年后她被诊断为乳腺癌。考查状语从句。此处表达“在她接受乳腺癌治疗之前过去了两年”
。也就是“两年过后她……”
是before引导的时间状语从句。
16.
It
is
well-known
that
atmosphere
gets
thinner
and
thinner
_________
the
height
increases.
A.
while
B.
when
C.
as
D.
with
【答案】C
【解析】:句意:众所周知随着高度的增加空气会变得越来越稀薄。考查时间状语从句。排除D项。while意为:在……期间;引导较长一段时间的从句;when意为:当……的时候;引导的从句时间可长可短;as意为:随着、同时;根据语境答案为C项。
17.
I
don’t
want
to
talk
to
you
_________
you’re
so
annoyed
and
impatient.
A.
when
B.
unless
C.
though
D.
till
【答案】A
【解析】:句意:既然你这么生气,不耐烦,我不想和你说话了。when引导状语从句有时可以表示理由,意为“既然,鉴于”。
18.
_______
this
may
sound
like
a
simple
process,great
care
is
needed.
A.
Although
B.
If
C.
When
D.
Because
【答案】A
【解析】:句意:尽管这听起来像一个简单得过程,却需要悉心照顾。根据语境可知此处用although引导让步状语从句。
19.
Jim
is
in
good
shape
physically
_____
he
doesn’t
get
much
exercise.
A.
if
B.
unless
C.
as
long
as
D.
even
though
【答案】D
【解析】:句意:即使没有得到多少锻炼,吉姆仍保持着良好的体型。even
though引导让步状语从句,意思是“即使”
。其余三项均引导条件状语从句:A
如果;B
除非(=if…not);C
只要。
20.
Scientists
have
discovered
that
bees
learn
to
fly
the
shortest
possible
route
between
flowers
_____
they
are
in
a
different
order.
A.
even
if
B.
so
that
C.
in
case
D.
as
if
【答案】A
【解析】:句意:科学家发现,即使改变花的位置,蜜蜂也可以在花朵间找到飞行的最短路径。even
if(即使)引导让步状语从句;so
that(以便;以至于)引导目的和结果状语从句;in
case(以防;如果)引导目的和条件状语从句;as
if(好像)引导方式状语从句。
21.
I
believe
you
will
have
a
wonderful
time
here
you
get
to
know
everyone
else.
A.
though
B.
as
if
C.
once
D.
so
that
【答案】C
【解析】:句意:我相信一旦你了解这里的每个人,你将玩得很愉快。though虽然;as
if好像;once一旦;so
that为了。所以选C。
【名师点睛】这几个词都是连词,要分清每个连词短语的含义和用法,做题时关键看上下文和句意的逻辑关系做题。though
引导让步状语从句;as
if引导方式状语从句;once引导的是条件状语从句;so
that引导结果状语从句或目的状语从句。
22.
James
was
enjoying
the
art
show,
_________
his
wife
wanted
to
go
home.
A.
or
B.
for
C.
so
D.
but
【答案】D
【解析】:句意:詹姆斯正在欣赏艺术展,但是他的妻子想要回家去。上下文之间存在转折关系,故选D。
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