高考英语专题练习——定语从句
易错点1
关系代词与关系副词的混用
1.
A
man
with
a
bleeding
hand
hurried
in
and
asked,
"Is
there
a
hospital
around
______
I
can
get
some
medicine
for
my
wounded
hand?"
A.
that
B.
which
C.
where
D.
what
________________________________________
【错因分析】容易误选
B,认为
around是介词,选
which用以代替前面的名词
hospital,在此用作介词
around的宾语。
【试题解析】以上语法分析并不算错,但问题是,照此分析,此句的意思即为:有没有这样一个医院,我在它的附近可以买药治我的手伤?这样的语境显然有点不合情理,因为人们通常是在医院里面治伤,而不是在医院附近治伤。句中的
around不是介词,而是副词,意为"在附近";其后的
where引导定语从句用以修饰其前的地点名词
hospital,where在定语从句中作状语。句意:附近有没有一家医院,我可以去治我的手伤?
【参考答案】
C
________________________________________
2.
She
says
that
she’ll
never
forget
the
time
________
she’s
spent
working
as
a
secretary
in
our
company.
A.
which
B.
when
C.
how
D.
where
【错因分析】容易误选
B,机械地认为时间名词后必须用关系副词when,地点名词后用关系副词
where。
【试题解析】在时间名词和地点名词后是否用关系副词要看它在定语从句中充当什么句子成分。一般说来,若用作主语或宾语,用关系代词;若用作状语,则用关系副词。该题中的动词
spent缺宾语,故应用关系代词
which或
that。
【参考答案】A
1.定语从句相当于一个形容词,起定词作用,
修饰名词或代词
2.定语从句的引导词的三种功用:(
1)引导定语从句(2)替代先行词(3)在定语从句
中充当一定的成分。
3.解题要领:根据定语从句中所缺成分来确定是用关系代词还是关系副词,决不要因先行词是时间名词就用when,是地点名词就用where。
1.(2019·江苏卷·单项填空)We
have
entered
into
an
age
_______
dreams
have
the
best
chance
of
coming
true.
A.
which
B.
what
C.
when
D.
that
【解析】:考查定语从句。句意:我们已经进入到了一个时代,在这个时代梦想实现的机会最大。句中先行词为an
age(一个时代),且先行词在从句中作时间状语,所以关系词用when。故选C。
【答案】C
2.【2018·江苏】Self-driving
is
an
area
_______
China
and
the
rest
of
the
world
are
on
the
same
starting
line.
A.
that
B.
where
C.
which
D.
when
【解析】:考查定语从句。句意:自动驾驶是一个中国和世界其它国家都在同一起跑线的领域。句中先行词为area,在从句中作地点状语,故用关系副词where,相当于in
which。故选B。
【答案】B
3.
The
boss
of
the
company
is
trying
to
create
an
easy
atmosphere
______
his
employees
enjoy
their
work.
A.
where
B.
which
C.
when
D.
who
【解析】:句意:公司老板正尽力创造一种轻松的气氛,在这种气氛中,其员工喜欢他们的工作。句中先行词为atmosphere,在从句中作地点状语,故用关系副词where。根据句意可知选A。
【答案】A
【名师点睛】定语从句是高考重点考查知识之一,分析定语从句需要牢牢抓住两点:第一、找准先行词。第二、看先行词在从句中所作的成分。抓住这两点,再根据句意,从而能够判断出正确的关系词。
易错点2
关系代词who、whom、whose的误用
The
book
tells
stories
of
the
earthquake
through
the
eyes
of
those
________
lives
were
affected.
A.
whose
B.
that
C.
who
D.
whom
________________________________________
【错因分析】此题易误选C。关键的问题是没有弄清句子结构,不知道先行词是哪一个,或者是不知道关系词在定语从句中作何成分。
【试题解析】考查定语从句。先行词指人且在句中作定语修饰其后的名词"lives",
所以用whose。句意为:这本书以那些生活受到地震影响的人们的眼光讲述了这次地震的许多故事。
【参考答案】A________________________________________
对于定语从句关系词的考查,首先要确定从句是什么类型的从句,然后再分析关系词在从句中的成分,最后选择正确的词。要求考生具有一定的句子分析能力,和理解能力。如果缺少主宾表,要用that或which,缺少状语用关系副词when,where,why,缺少定语用whose。
1.(2019·新课标III卷·语法填空)They
were
well
trained
by
their
masters
___64___
had
great
experience
with
caring
for
these
animals.
【解析】:考查定语从句。句意:它们被他们的主人训练得很好,它们的主人在照顾这些动物方面很有经验。先行词为masters(主人),且从句缺主语。故关系词填who。
【答案】who
2.【2018·天津】Kae,
_________sister
I
shared
a
room
with
when
we
were
at
college,
has
gone
to
work
in
Australia.
A.
whom
B.
that
C.
whose
D.
her
【答案】C
【解析】:考查定语从句关系词。句意:凯特已经去澳大利亚工作了。我们在大学的时候,我和她的姐姐共住一室。分析句子,句中先行词为Kate,在非限定性定语从句中作名词sister的定语,故用关系代词whose。故选C。
3.
A
company
______profits
from
home
markets
are
declining
may
seek
opportunities
abroad.
A.
which
B.
whose
C.
who
D.
why
【解析】:这是一个定语从句,a
company
是先行词,profit和
a
company是所属关系,所以要用关系代词whose。句意:在国内市场利润减少的公司可能会寻求国外发展的机会。故答案选B。
【答案】
B
易错点3
关系代词that和which的误用
(2017·新课标卷II·短文改错)In
their
spare
time,
they
are
interesting(改为interested)
in
planting
vegetables
in
their
garden,
that
is
on
the
rooftop
of
their
house.
________________________________________【错因分析】
此题错误的原因在于不清楚that不能引导非限制性定语从句。
【试题解析】非限制性定语从句需要用which引导,故将that改为which。
【参考答案】
that改为which
________________________________________
只用which,不能用that的情况
(1)
在介词提前到关系代词之前形成"介词+关系代词"结构来修饰表事物的先行词时,
关系代词必须用which.如:
?The
house
in
which
we
live
is
very
large.
我们住的房子非常大。
这就是老师正在谈及的那本参考书。
注意:
如果介词不放在修饰事物的限定性定语从句的句首,
which就可换为that,
如:
?This
is
the
question
which/that
we’ve
had
so
much
discussion
about.
=This
is
the
question
about
which
we’ve
had
so
much
discussion.
这就是我们已经多次讨论过的问题。
(2)
先行词为"those+表事物的复数名词"时,
关系代词通常只用which而不用that。如:
?Students
should
keep
in
mind
those
regulations
which
restrict
their
behavior.
学生应牢记那些规范自己的行为准则。
?A
bookshop
should
deal
with
a
variety
of
those
best
sellers
which
are
newly
published.
书店应该经营新出版的各种畅销书。
(3)当先行词指物,关系词在句中作主语或宾语,引导非限制性定语从句的关系词只能用which,而不用that。
1.【2018·北京】She
and
her
family
bicycle
to
work,
_________
helps
them
keep
fit.
A.
which
B.
who
C.
as
D.
that
【答案】A
【解析】:考查非限制性定语从句。句意:她和家人骑自行车去上班,这有助于她们保持健康。“____
helps
them
keep
fit”是非限制性定语从句,该从句修饰整个主句,引导词在从句中做主语,故该从句应用关系代词which引导。A选项正确。
2.(2017·新课标卷I·语法填空)Like
anything,
it
is
possible
to
have
too
much
of
both,
70
is
not
good
for
the
health.
【解析】:句意:很可能摄入过多的脂肪和盐,那对健康没有好处。分析可知which
is
not
good
for
the
health为非限制性定语从句,先行词是前面的整句话。
【答案】
which
易错点4
介词后接关系代词的误用
(2017·江苏卷·单项填空)
In
1963
the
UN
set
up
the
World
Food
Programme,
one
of
________
purposes
is
to
relieve
worldwide
starvation.
A.
which
B.
its
C.
whose
D.
whom
________________________________________
【错因分析】此题易误选A,原因是没有搞清楚,先行词是哪个,关系词在定语从句中作什么成分。
【试题解析】考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,one
of
________
purposes
is
to
relieve
worldwide
starvation是非限制性定语从句,先行词是the
World
Food
Programme,关系词在非限制性定语从句中作定语,修饰名词purposes,所以用关系代词whose引导,故选C项。句意:1963年,联合国成立了世界粮食计划署,其目的之一就是缓解世界范围内的饥荒。
【参考答案】
C
________________________________________
●使用"介词+关系代词"要注意以下几点:
(一)选用介词的依据:
(1)
根据定语从句中谓语动词的搭配习惯(即固定短语)。
(2)
根据先行词的搭配习惯(约定俗成,不一定是短语)。
(3)
根据句子的意思来选择。
(4)
表示"所有"关系或"整体中的一部分"时,通常用介词of。
(二)在定语从句中,含介词的短语动词不可拆开使用(短语拆开后含义发生变化),如look
after,
look
for等。
(三)"of
which
/
whom"有时可以用"whose+名词"结构来改写。
(四)当先行词为way并且定语从句中缺少状语时,通常用in
which或that引导定语从句(in
which或that可省略);如果定语从句中不缺少状语,则用关系代词引导(that
或which
可省略)。
(五)in
that不可以引导定语从句,但可以引导原因状语从句。
二、"介词+关系代词"与关系副词的转化
(1)当先行词表示地点,定语从句中缺少地点状语时,通常用关系副词where引导,此时也可选用表示地点的介词+which来代替关系副词where。
(2)
当先行词表示时间,定语从句中缺少时间状语时,通常用关系副词when引导,此时也可选用表示时间的介词+which来代替关系副词when。
(3)
当先行词为reason,定语从句中缺少表示原因状语时,通常用关系副词why引导,此时也可以用for
which来代替关系副词why。
(2016
?
江苏卷·单项填空)Many
young
people,
most
_________were
well-educated,
headed
for
remote
regions
to
chase
their
dreams.
A.
of
which
B.
of
them
C.
of
whom
D.
of
those
【解析】:考查定语从句。本题定语从句的先行词是Many
young
people,关系代词whom指代先行词,在定语从句中作介词of的宾语。句意:很多年轻人都前往偏远地区追求它们的梦想,其中大部分人都受过良好教育。故C项正确。
【答案】
C
易错点5
定语从句与同位语从句的区别
News
came
from
the
school
office
______
Wang
Lin
had
been
admitted
to
Peking
University.
A.
which
B.
that
C.
what
D.
where
________________________________________
【错因分析】此题易误选D。错误的原因在于把"_____
Wang
Lin
had
been
admitted
to
Peking
University"当成了定语从句,空处为关系副词,在定语从句中作地点状语。
【试题解析】本题属于分割式同位语从句,谓语came较短,同位语从句较长,名词和同位语从句被from
the
school
office
分开,that
引导同位语从句Wang
Lin
had
been
admitted
to
Beijing
University解释news的内容,在句中起引导作用,没有具体的意思。故选B。
【参考答案】
B
________________________________________
定语从句与同位语从句的区别:
1.
被修饰的词不同:同位语从句的前面一般是数量有限的、表示抽象意义的名词;而定语从句的先行词是无数的指人或物名词。
2.
从句的作用不同:同位语从句表示同位名词的具体内容,而定语从句是对先行词的限制、描绘或说明。
3.
引导词不同:what,
how,
whether等不能用引导定语从句,但可用于引导同位从句。
4.
引导词的作用不同:引导同位语从句的that是连词,在从句中不充当任何成分;而引导定语从句的that为关系代词,在从句中充当一定的句子成分。
5.
判定定语从句和同位语从句的方法:由于同位语从句是用以说明被修饰名词的具体内容的,所它可以转换同位名词的表语;而定语从句则不能作这种转换。
The
only
way
to
succeed
at
the
highest
level
is
to
have
total
belief
you
are
better
than
anyone
else
on
the
sports
field.
A.
how
B.
that
C.
which
D.
whether
【答案】B
【解析】:
句意:最高水平成功的唯一途径是得有一个总的信念,那就是在运动场上你比任何人都强。分析句子结构可知"
you
are
better
than
anyone
else
on
the
sports
field"是同位语从句,对belief进行解释说明,从句不缺句子成分,故用连接词that引导,答案为B。
易错点6
定语从句与强调句型的区别
(2016·天津卷·单项填空)You
are
waiting
at
a
wrong
place.
It
is
at
the
hotel_____________
the
coach
picks
up
tourists.
A.
who
B.
which
C.
where
D.
that
________________________________________
【错因分析】此题易误选C。错误的原因在于没有弄清楚这是一个强调句型,而把它当作了定语从句。
【试题解析】考查强调句。句意:你在一个错误的地方等待。大客车是在旅店接送游客的。使用强调句,结构是:It
is/was+强调部分+that+其余部分,如果强调部分是人,也可以用who,这句话强调的是地点状语at
the
hotel。故选D。
【参考答案】
D
________________________________________
定语从句对名词或代词的修饰和限制,关系词可能是that,
which,
as,
who,
but,
另一方面,句子中的It有所指;而强调句型是对某部分加强语气,强调语气的连接词只能是that,
who,并且句子中的It
没有任何意义;一般比较明显,而有时就难以区别,还需要根据上下文的语境来判断。
它究竟是强调句型还是定语从句,就要从语境上来考查。如果它是用来回答What
is
this
/
that?
这样的问题,意思是:它是一本他想要的书。句子显然是定语从句。如果是用来回答What
does
he
want?
这样的问题,那么意思是:他想要的是一本书。显然,句子是强调句型。
1.【2018·天津】It
was
only
when
the
car
pulled
up
in
front
of
our
house
___________we
saw
Lily
in
the
passenger
seat.
A.
which
B.
that
C.
when
D.
where
【答案】B
【解析】:考查强调句。句意:只有当汽车在我们房子前停下来我们才看到在乘客位置的莉莉。这里考查强调句,强调句型结构为:It
is/
was
+
被强调部分(通常是主语、宾语或状语)+
that/
who(当强调主语且主语指人)+
其他部分。本题强调时间状语only
when
the
car
pulled
up
in
front
of
our
house。故选B。
2.
—Where
did
the
professor
made
the
speech
yesterday?
—It
was
in
the
hall
_______________
the
students
often
have
a
meeting
_______________
the
professor
made
the
speech
yesterday.
A.
that;which
B.
where;that
C.
that;when
D.
where;when
【解析】:考查定语从句和强调句的用法。在第一空处是定语从句,先行词是the
hall,关系词在从句中作地点状语,所以此处应用where;第二空处是强调句,所以此处应用that。
【答案】B
易错点7
关系代词as和which的区别
He
has
made
as
much
progress
__________
is
enough
for
him
to
be
admitted
to
Fudan
University.
A.as
B.that
C.what
D.which
________________________________________
【错因分析】
此题对于B、D两项都可能误选,错误原因在于没有弄清楚先行词被as修饰,引导定语从句的关系词要用as引导。
【试题解析】考查定语从句。根据句意"他已经取得了足够复旦大学录取的骄人的成绩。"可知空处及后面的句子是修饰前面的名词progress的,所以是定语从句。因关系词在定语从句中作主语,可用关系代词as,that和which,又因先行词有as
修饰,所以用as,即构成"as+
many
/much+n.(可数或不可数名词)+
as..."的结构;而what不能引导定语从句,只能引导名词性从句。故选A。
【参考答案】
A
________________________________________
关系代词as和which引导定语从句的不同点
1.
as可以放在主句前后,也可插入主句之中;而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能位于主句之后。
2.
在非限制性定语从句中,which后的be动词不可省;而as后的be动词可以省略。
3.
which在非限制性定语从句中作主语时可用各类动词作谓语;而as作主语时,谓语常用系动词,如be,seem,become等,一般不用其他行为动词。
4.
as常用"正如"含义,常用的结构有as
we
know(众所周知);as
often
happens(正如常发生的那样);as
is
often
the
case(情况常常如此);as
we
all
can
see(正如我们看到的);be
announced
/
expected
/
known
/
imagined
/
mentioned
/
said
/
shown
/
reported等。这些结构常放句首,偶尔也可以放句中或句末。
5.
非限制性定语从句中,which可指代主句中的某一个单词,as不可以。
6.
"介词+关系代词(介宾代物)"中关系代词只能用which。
7.
从句中的谓语动词是否定形式时,常用which。
The
number
of
smokers,________is
reported,
has
dropped
by
17
percent
in
just
one
year.
A.it
B.which
C.what
D.as
【答案】D
【解析】:分析句子结构可知,空处引导非限制性定语从句,指代的是整个主句的含义,故可排除A、C两项。as引导非限制性定语从句时,表示"如同,正如",符合题干意思,故选D项。
一、关系代词和关系副词基本用法
根据关系词在定语从句中的不同用法,可分为关系代词和关系副词。关系代词主要有who,
whom,
which,
that,
whose等,在定语从句中作主语、宾语、定语等;关系副词主要有when,
where,
why等,在定语从句中作状语。具体用法如下:
1.关系代词的用法
当先行词指人时,若它在从句中作主语,则用who;若它在从句作宾语,则用whom或who;若它在从句中作定语,则用whose。如:
?The
man
who
told
me
this
refused
to
tell
me
his
name.
告诉我这事的人不肯告诉我他的名字。
?The
woman
whose
umbrella
you
took
is
very
angry
about
it.
你拿了那个女人的伞,她非常生气。
当先行词指物时,若在定语从句中作主语或宾语,则用which;若它在定语从句中作定语用,则用of
which或whose。如:
?I
saw
something
in
the
paper
which
might
interest
you.
我在报上看到一样可能使你感兴趣的东西。
?He’s
written
a
book
the
name
of
which
(whose
name)
I’ve
forgotten.
他写了一本书,书名我给忘了。
2.关系副词的用法
关系副词主要有when,
where,
why等,在定语从句中作状语,分别表示时间、在点和原因。when主要放在time,
day,
years,
season,
age,
occasion等时间的名词后;where主要放在place,
city,
town,
village,
house等地点名词后;why则通常只放在reason后。如(www.):
?Wednesday
is
the
day
when
the
shops
are
not
open
in
the
afternoon.
星期三下午商店不开门。
?Give
me
one
reason
why
we
should
help
you.
给我举出一个我们应当帮助你的理由。
要特别注意,activity,
case,
point,
even,
situation,
job,
organization,
position等抽象名词后接where引导定语从句的用法(这是近几年高考的一个新热点)。如:
?I
don’t
want
a
job
where
I’m
chained
to
a
desk
all
day.
我不想找一份整天坐办公桌前的工作。
?Today,
we’ll
discuss
a
number
of
cases
where
beginners
of
English
fail
to
use
the
language
properly.
今天,我们将讨论一些英语初学者对英语使用不当的问题。
?The
treatment
will
continue
until
the
patient
reaches
the
point
where
he
can
walk
correctly
and
safely.
治疗将会持续到病人可以正常且安全地行走。
?If
you
risk
something
important,
you
cause
it
to
be
in
a
dangerous
situation
where
you
might
lose
it.
你如果拿重要的东西去冒险,那你就是将它置于一种可能会失去它的危险境地。
二、使用非限制性定语从句的情况:
1.
关系代词指代整个主句时,使用非限制性定语从句。
?You
did
a
lot
for
me,
for
which
I
was
grateful.
你为我做了许多,对此我很感激。
?The
Diaoyu
Island
belongs
to
China,
as
is
known
to
us.
众所周知,钓鱼岛属于中国。
?A
middle-aged
woman
killed
her
husband,
which
frightened
me
very
much.
一个中年女子杀害了自己的丈夫,这令我十分恐惧。
2.
当先行词指的是世界上独一无二的事物或人名地名等专有名词时,使用非限制性定语从句。
?China,
which
is
my
motherland,
is
developing
fast.
中国是我的祖国,正在快速发展。
?Eason,
who
was
a
pop
star,
got
married
last
year.
伊森去年结婚了,他是明星。
?Last
Sunday
they
reached
Nanjing
,
where
a
conference
was
to
be
held.
他们上周日到达南京,有个会议要在那里举行。
3.
当先行词指的是某人只有一个亲属(son,daughter等)时,使用非限制性定语从句。
?He
has
a
daughter,
who
is
studying
in
London.
他有个女儿,现在正在伦敦学习。(只有一个女儿)
?This
is
my
teacher,
who
has
something
to
tell
you.
这是我的老师,他有一些事情要告诉你。
三、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别
1.
形式不同
限制性定语从句主句和从句之间不用逗号隔开,口语中使用时也不停顿;而非限制性定语从句与主句之间通常有逗号隔开,口语中使用时有停顿。
2.
功能不同
限制性定语从句用于对先行词的意义进行修饰、限制和识别,如果去掉,就会造成句意不完整或概念不清;而非限制性定语从句用于对先行词起补充说明作用,如果省略,句意仍然清楚、完整。
?People
who
take
physical
exercise
live
longer.
进行体育锻炼的人活得长些。(若把从句去掉句子就失去意义)
?His
daughter,
who
is
in
Boston
now,
is
coming
home
next
week.
他女儿现在在波士顿,下星期回来。(若把从句去掉,句子意义仍然完整)
3.
翻译不同
在翻译定语从句时,一般把限制性定语从句翻译在它所修饰的先行词之前,而把非限制性定语从句与主句分开。
?He
is
the
man
whose
car
was
stolen.
他就是汽车被窃的那个人。
?I’ve
invited
Jim,
who
lives
in
the
next
flat.
我邀请了吉姆,他就住在隔壁。
4.
含义不同
比较下面的两个句子:
?I
have
a
sister
who
is
a
doctor.
我有一个医生的姐姐。(姐姐不止一个)
?I
have
a
sister,
who
is
a
doctor.
我有一个姐姐,她是当医生的。(只有一个姐姐)
5.
先行词不同
限制性定语从句的先行词只能是名词或代词,而非限制性定语从句的先行词则可以是名词或代词,也可以是短语或句子;另外,当先行词为专有名词或其他具有独一无二性的普通名词时,通常要用非限制性定语从句,而不用限制性定语从句。
?Peter
drove
too
fast,
which
was
dangerous.
彼得开车很快,这是很危险的。(which指drive
too
fast)
?He
changed
his
mind,
which
made
me
very
angry.
他改变了主意,这使我很生气。(which指整个主句)
?Mr.
Smith,
who
is
our
boss,
will
leave
for
Japan
next
week.
我们的老板史密斯先生下周要去日本。(先行词为专有名词,要用非限制性定语从句修饰)
?Her
father,
who
has
a
lot
of
money,
wishes
her
to
study
abroad.
她父亲很有钱,希望她出国学习。(先行词为表独一无二意义的普通名词,要用非限制性定语从句修饰)
6.
关系词不同
关系词that和why可用于限制性定语从句中,通常不用于非限制性定语从句;另外,在限制性定语从句中,关系词有时可以省略,而在非限制性定语从句中关系词一律不能省略。
四、"介词+关系代词"引导的定语从句:
●"介词+关系代词"的用法
当关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时,我们通常用"介词+关系代词"引导定语从句。如果指"人",用"介词+whom";如果指"物",用"介词+which"。
●"介词+关系代词"结构中介词的选用
1.一般来说,确定关系代词前的介词,可以从以下三方面入手:①先行词的意义;②从句中的动词或形容词与先行词的固定搭配;③句子的意思。
?I’ll
never
forget
the
time
during
which
I
spent
my
childhood
in
the
country.
我永远不会忘记孩童时代我在乡村度过的时光。
2.表示"整体和部分关系",介词常用of。在some,any,few,none,all,both,neither,most,each等代词或数词的前、后可以用of
which/whom。
?John
invited
about
40
people
to
his
wedding,most
of
whom
are
family
members.
约翰邀请了大约40人参加他的婚礼,他们当中绝大部分是家庭成员。
3.有时"介词+where"可以引导定语从句,此时要和"介词+which"引导的定语从句从意思上加以区别。
?His
head
soon
appeared
out
of
the
window,from
where
he
saw
nothing
but
trees.
他的头很快从窗口探了出来,从那里除了树木他什么也看不到。(from
where相当于from
out
of
the
window,而不是from
the
window)
●在定语从句中,含介词的短语动词不可拆开使用(短语拆开后含义发生变化),如look
after,
look
for等。
●"of
which
/
whom"有时可以用"whose+名词"结构来改写。
●当先行词为way并且定语从句中缺少状语时,通常用in
which或that引导定语从句(in
which或that可省略);如果定语从句中不缺少状语,则用关系代词引导(that
或which
可省略)。
五、关系代词只用that而不用
which的情况
1.先行词是all,something,everything,anything,nothing,little,much,few等不定代词或先行词被all,any,every,no,little,much,some等词修饰。
?All
the
people
that
come
from
the
country
work
much
harder.
所有来自农村的人工作都更努力得多。
2.先行词被序数词、
形容词最高级、
the
only,
the
very,
the
last等修饰时,
关系代词通常只用that,
不用which.如:
?The
first
English
novel
that
I
read
was
Cities.
我读的第一本英文小说是《城市》。
?This
is
one
of
the
most
exciting
football
games
that
I
have
ever
seen.
这是我见过的最激动人心的足球比赛之一。
?This
is
the
only
thing
that
we
can
do
now.
这是我们现在惟一能做的事情。
3.先行词既有人又有物时,关系代词只用that,不用which.如:
?The
scientist
and
his
achievements
that
you
told
me
about
are
admired
by
us
all.
我们所有人都钦佩你告诉我的那位科学家和他所取得的成就。
?The
foreign
visitors
spoke
highly
of
the
pioneers
and
their
performances
that
they
saw
at
the
Children’s
Palace.
外国游客高度赞扬了他们在少年宫所看到的少先队员以及他们的表演。
4.关系代词在限定性定语从句中作表语并带有类比含义时,通常只用that,不用which.如:
?He
is
no
longer
the
star
that
he
was.
他不再是过去的那位明星了。
?Our
school
is
no
longer
the
school
that
it
used
to
be.
我们的学校不再是以前的那所学校了。
5.句中其他位置已出现which,为避免重复,不用which而用that引导限定性定语从句。如:
?Which
is
the
car
that
has
overtaken
us?
超过我们的是哪辆车?
1.(2019·天津卷·单项填空)Their
child
is
at
the
stage__________
she
can
say
individual
words
but
not
full
sentences.
A.
why
B.
where
C.
which
D.
what
【答案】B
【解析】:考查定语从句。句意:他们的孩子正处于能说单个单词而不能说完整句子的阶段。句中she
can
say
individual
words
but
not
full
sentences是一个定语从句,先行词是the
stage,关系词在定语从句中作地点状语,用关系副词where,故选B。
2.(2019·新课标I卷·短文改错)One
afternoon
where
I
was
in
primary
school,
I
was
walking
by
the
school
playground.
【答案】One
afternoon
I
was
in
primary
school,
I
was
walking
by
the
school
playground.
【解析】:考查定语从句。先行词one
afternoon表示时间在定语从句中作状语,所以关系词使用when。故将where改为when。
3.(2019·新课标II卷·语法填空)Now
Irene
Astbury
works
from
9am
to
5pm
daily
at
the
pet
shop
in
Macclesfield,
___62___
she
opened
with
her
late
husband
Les.
【答案】where
【解析】:考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知,先行词为the
pet
shop,在非限制性定语从句中作opened一词的宾语,故用which。
4.(2019·新课标III卷·短文改错)In
the
cafe,
customers
will
enjoy
themselves
in
the
historical
environment
what
is
created
for
them.
【答案】
In
the
cafe,
customers
will
enjoy
themselves
in
the
historical
environment
is
created
for
them.
【解析】:本句考查定语从句。先行词environment
在从句中作主语,指物,关系代词用that/which。故把what改为that/which。
5.(2019·浙江卷·语法填空)On
the
edge
of
the
jacket,
there
is
a
piece
of
cloth
___58___gives
off
light
in
the
dark.
【答案】that/which
【解析】:考查定语从句。这是个限制性定语从句,先行词是cloth,指物,从句中缺少主语,因此,可以用that或which引导。故填that/which。
6.(2019·北京卷·语法填空)The
students
benefitting
most
from
college
are
those
___9___
are
totally
engaged(参与)in
academic
life.
【答案】who/that
【解析】:考查定语从句。句意:从大学中获益最多的学生是那些完全投入学术生活的学生。___3___
are
totally
engaged(参与)in
academic
life.是定语从句,修饰先行词those,空格处在句中作主语,代指人,故填who或that。
7.
(2018·新课标卷I·语法填空)Two
of
the
authors
of
the
review
also
made
a
study
published
in
2014
66
showed
a
mere
five
to
10
minutes
a
day
of
running
reduced
the
risk
of
heart
disease
and
early
deaths
from
all
causes.
【答案】that/which
【解析】:that或which
考查定语从句的关系词。此处a
study是先行词,其在定语从句中作主语,故填that或which。
8.
(2018·新课标卷II·语法填空)The
Chinese
Ministry
of
Agriculture
finds
that
between
2005—when
the
government
started
a
soil-testing
program
___69___
gives
specific
fertilizer
recommendations
to
farmers
-
and
2011,
fertilizer
use
dropped
by
7.7
million
tons.
【答案】that/which
【解析】:考查定语从句关系词。根据空后的谓语动词gives可知,该空缺少主语,指代program并且引导后面的句子。指物用that/which,故填that或者which。
9.(2018·新课标II卷·短文改错)They
also
had
a
small
pond
which
they
raised
fish.
【答案】which前加in
或which改为where
【解析】:考查定语从句的关系词。他们还有一个小池塘,里面养着鱼。此处a
small
pond是先行词,其在后面的定语从句中作地点状语,故用in
which或where。
10.
(2018·浙江卷·语法填空)Many
westerners
57
come
to
China
cook
much
less
than
in
their
own
countries
once
they
realize
how
cheap
it
can
be
to
eat
out.
【答案】who/that
【解析】:考查关系代词。句中包含定语从句,先行词是westerners指人,在定语从句中做主语,用关系代词who/that引导,故填who/that。
11.
(2017·浙江卷·语法填空)Pahlsson
and
her
husband
now
think
the
ring
probably
got
swept
(sweep)
into
a
pile
of
kitchen
rubbish
and
was
spread
over
the
garden,
64
it
remained
until
the
carrot’s
leafy
top
accidentally
sprouted
(生长)
through
it.
【答案】where
【解析】:分析句子结构可知,所填词引导定语从句,定语从句中缺少地点状语,先行词为the
garden,表示地点,故填关系副词where。
12.
(2017·新课标卷III·语法填空)But
Sarah,
64
has
taken
part
in
shows
along
with
top
models,
wants
to
prove
(prove)
that
she
has
brains
as
well
as
beauty.
【答案】
who
【解析】:考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,
64
has
taken
part
in
shows
along
with
top
models是非限制性定语从句,非限制性定语从句中缺少主语,且先行词为Sarah,指人,要用who。
13.
(2017·新课标卷III·短文改错)Around
me
in
picture
are
the
things
they
were
very
important
in
my
life
at
that
time:
car
magazines
and
musical
instruments.
【答案】
they→that/which
【解析】:考查定语从句。they不能引导定语从句,因为指代things,所以把they改为that或者which。
14.(2017·北京卷·单项填空)The
little
problems
________
we
meet
in
our
daily
lives
may
be
inspirations
for
great
inventions.
A.
that
B.
as
C.
where
D.
when
【答案】A
【解析】:考查定语从句。先行词是
the
little
problems,
在从句中作
meet的宾语,故选关系代词that。句意:我们在日常生活中遇到的那些小问题有可能会成为伟大发明的灵感。
15.(2017·天津卷·单项填空)]My
eldest
son,
________
work
takes
him
all
over
the
world,
is
in
New
York
at
the
moment.
A.
that
B.
whose
C.
his
D.
who
【答案】B
【解析】:
考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,此处缺少非限制性定语从句的引导词,且与其后名词有所属关系,故应用whose引导。句意:我大儿子目前在纽约,他的工作让他全世界到处跑。
16.(2016·全国新课标卷I·语法填空)But
my
connection
with
pandas
goes
back
64(to)
my
days
on
a
TV
show
in
the
mid-1980s,
65
I
was
the
first
Western
TV
reporter
66(permitted)
(permit)
to
film
a
special
unit
caring
for
pandas
rescued
from
starvation
in
the
wild.
【答案】when
【解析】:考查定语从句。后面是非限制性定语从句,从句中缺少状语,又因先行词是时间,故填when。
17.(2016·天津卷·单项填空)We
will
put
off
the
picnic
in
the
park
until
next
week,
the
weather
may
be
better.
A.
that
B.
where
C.
which
D.
when
【答案】D
【解析】:句意:我们将把公园的野餐推迟到下个星期,那时天气可能会更好。这是一个定语从句,先行词是next
week,定语从句缺少时间状语,所以用关系副词when引导。故选D。
18.
Among
the
many
dangers__________
sailors
have
to
face,
probably
the
greatest
of
all
is
fog.
A.
which
B.
what
C.
where
D.
when
【答案】A
【解析】:分析句子结构可知,________sailors
have
to
face
是定语从句,修饰先行词the
many
dangers,且从句缺少宾语,要用关系代词。
因此A选项正确。句意为"
在水手不得不面对的许多危险中,可能最大的是雾霾。"
19.
Experiments
with
domestic
dogs,
one
animal
was
given
a
treat
and
another
denied,
have
shown
that
they
possess
a
sense
of
fairness
as
they
shared
their
treats.
A.
what
B.
where
C.
that
D.
which
【答案】B
【解析】:考查非限定性定语从句。句意:用家犬做试验,试验中一只给了食物,而另一只没有,这表明了它们有一种分享食物的公平感。分析句子结构可知,先行词是Experiments,where在非限制性定语从句中作地点状语,表示抽象地点,where相当于in
which。故选B。
20.
You
must
learn
to
read
people,
______________
will
be
necessary
if
you
work
in
a
team.
A.
who
B.
that
C.
which
D.
what
【答案】C
【解析】:考查非限制性定语从句的关系词的用法。句意:你必须学会如何看懂别人,如果你在一个团队中工作的话,这一点会很有必要。这里空处指代整个前面句子的意思在从句中作主语,且有逗号与前句隔开,因此要用which,故选C
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