2021年高考英语专题练习——名词性从句案例解析

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名称 2021年高考英语专题练习——名词性从句案例解析
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高考英语专题练习——名词性从句
易错点1
主语从句中连接词的误用
______is
reported
in
People’s
Daily
is
that
the
Xiongan
New
Area
aims
to
be
an
example
of
green,
creative
and
high-quality
development.
A.
That
B.
What
C.
As
D.
It
________________________________________
【错因分析】主语从句中,有些学生容易分不清连接词在从句中所作的成分或其意义而误选其他答案。
【试题解析】考查主语从句。句意:在《人民日报》中所报道的是雄安新区旨在成为一个绿色的、创新性的、高质量发展的范例。分析句子结构可知,空处在句中引导主语从句,且从句中缺少主语,故应用What来引导该主语从句。that引导主语从句时,that在从句中一般不作成分,而该主语从句中缺少主语,故A项错误;as可用于引导定语从句和状语从句,而不可用于引导名词性从句,而若用as引导定语从句,该句的正确表达应是As
is
reported
in
People's
Daily,
the
Xiongan
New
Area
aims
to
be
an
example
of
green,
creative
and
high-quality
development,故C项错误;若用it作形式主语,真正的主语为that引导的从句,该句的正确表达应是It
is
reported
in
People's
Daily
that
the
Xiongan
New
Area
aims
to
be
an
example
of
green,
creative
and
high-quality
development,故D项错误。
【正确答案】B
________________________________________
作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句通常由下列词引导:
1.
从属连词that,whether,if等;
2.
连接代词what,who,which,whatever,whoever,whom
等;
3.
连接副词how,when,where,why
等。
that在句中无词义,只起连接作用;连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义,又起连接作用,在从句中充当句子成分。
?What
caused
the
accident
is
a
complete
mystery.
是什么导致该事故完全是个谜。
?Whoever
comes
to
the
party
will
receive
a
present.
所有参加晚会的人都将收到一份礼物。
【特别注意】
有时候会用it作形式主语,连接词引导的从句才是真正的主语。
1.(2018·天津)The
gold
medal
will
be
awarded
___________to
wins
the
first
place
in
the
bicycle
race.
A.
whomever
B.
wherever
C.
whoever
D.
whatever
【解析】:句意:无论谁获得自行车比赛第一名,金牌将授予他。分析句子可知,宾语从句中缺少主语,故用whoever,表示“任何人,无论谁”。故选C。
【答案】C
2.
matters
most
in
learning
English
is
enough
practice.
A.
What
B.
Why
C.
Where
D.
Which
【答案】A
【解析】:本题考查主语从句,从句中缺少主语,表示"……的东西",所以A项正确。
3.
It
doesn’t
matter
___________
you
pay
by
cash
or
credit
card
in
this
store.
A.
how
B.
whether
C.
what
D.
why
【答案】B
【解析】:句意:在这家商店,你是用现金支付还是用信用卡支付都没关系。句中it为形式主语,由题干中的or可知,应用whether连接主语从句。
易错点2
宾语从句中连接词的误用
Just
as
I
was
at
a
loss,
the
car
stopped
short
only
a
few
inches
from
_______________
I
stood.
A.
that
B.
what
C.
which
D.
where
________________________________________【错因分析】考生易误选B项。what引导宾语从句时,可在从句中作主语、宾语、表语等成分。而本句中,从句中缺少的是地点状语,故只能用where来引导该宾语从句。
【试题解析】考查宾语从句。句意:就在我不知所措的时候,这辆小汽车在离我站的位置只有几英寸的地方突然停住了。根据句意及句子结构可知,空处在句中引导宾语从句,作介词from的宾语,且从句中缺少地点状语,故只能用where来引导该宾语从句。
【正确答案】D
________________________________________
【名师点睛】
本题是对宾语从句中连词的考查。对于宾语从句的连词的选择,首先确定连词的词义,然后根据句意判断出正确的连词,本句的句意很明显,确定为"是否"。
在句子中用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。引导宾语从句的连接词与引导主语从句、表语从句的连接词大致一样,在句中可以作谓语动词、介词及非谓语动词的宾语。
复习宾语从句应着重注意以下两点:
1.
在宾语从句中,引导词whether和if基本一样,但介词后的宾语从句多用whether。
?It
all
depends
upon
whether
we
can
get
their
cooperation.
这完全取决于我们是否能取得他们的合作。
2.
动词doubt若用于肯定句,其后的宾语从句常用if/whether引导;若用于否定句或疑问句,则宾语从句用that引导。
?I
doubt
if/whether
our
football
team
will
win
the
match.
我怀疑我们这支足球队是否会赢得比赛。
?I
don’t
doubt
that
he’ll
succeed.
我不怀疑他会成功。
The
seaside
here
draws
a
lot
of
tourists
every
summer.
Warm
sunshine
and
soft
sands
make
it
is.
A.
what
B.
which
C.
how
D.
where
【答案】A
【解析】:句意:每年夏天这儿的海边都吸引着大量的游客。温暖的阳光和柔软的沙滩使海边成了现在的样子。what引导宾语从句,且what在从句中作表语,意为"……的(东西)"。
易错点3
表语从句中连接词的误用
(2018·江苏卷·单项填空)By
boat
is
the
only
way
to
get
here,
which
is
_______
we
arrived.
A.
where
B.
when
C.
why
D.
how
________________________________________【错因分析】本题学生容易误认为所填词引导的是其他从句,或者对从句中所缺成分分析错误而误选B。
【正确答案】D
【试题解析】句意:乘船是到达这里唯一的途径,这就是我们如何到达的。分析which引导的非限定性定语从句可知,后面为表语从句。分析句意可知,这里用连接副词how引导表语从句,充当方式状语,表示“如何”。故选D。
________________________________________
在复合句中,位于系动词之后作表语的从句叫表语从句。引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样,表语从句位于系动词后,有时用as
if,as
though引导。其基本结构为:主语+系动词+
that从句。
1.
that
引导表语从句,无词义,只起连接作用,不可省。
2.
系动词可以是be,
look,
seem,
sound,
appear等。
3.
主语可以是名词fact,
truth,
cause,
question,
explanation,
trouble,
assumption,
belief等,或者代词this,
that,
these,
those,
it等。
—The
two
people
speak
different
languages
and
cannot
communicate
with
each
other
well.
—Oh,
I
see.
That’s
___________
misunderstanding
occurs.
A.
when
B.
what
C.
which
D.
why
【解析】:句意:——这两个人说不同的语言,不能彼此很好的交流。——哦,我明白,这就是误解产生的原因。这里is后面是表语从句,表语从句中不缺少主、宾、表,而缺少原因状语,用why引导表语从句。That
is
why…那就是……的原因,选D。
【答案】D
易错点4
同位语从句中连接词的误用
(2019·江苏卷·单项填空)Scientists
have
obtained
more
evidence
___________
plastic
is
finding
its
way
into
the
human
body.
A.
what
B.
that
C.
which
D.
where
________________________________________
【错因分析】考生容易因对中心词和引导词在从句中所作成分分析不清而误选其他答案。
【试题分析】考查同位语从句。句意:科学家已经获得更多证据,塑料正在进入人们的体内。从句不缺句子成分,且与evidence指代的是同一事件,用that引导同位语从句。故选B。
【正确答案】
B
________________________________________
同位语从句是名词性从句(主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句、介宾从句)中的主要从句之一,从句作同位语表示与之同位的名词(短语)的实际内容,它的作用相当于名词,对前面的名词(短语)加以补充说明或进一步解释。
一、在复合句中用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。它一般跟在某些名词后面,用以说明该名词表示的具体内容。
?I
heard
the
news
that
our
team
had
won.
我听到了我们队获胜的消息。
二、可以跟同位语从句的名词通常有news,idea,fact,promise,question,doubt,thought,hope,message,suggestion,words(消息),possibility等(一般的"抽象"名词均可)。
?I’ve
come
from
Mr
wang
with
a
message
that
he
won’t
be
able
to
see
you
this
afternoon.
我从王先生那里来,他让我告诉你他今天下午不能来看你了。
三、英语中引导同位语从句的词通常有连词that,whether,连接代词what,who,连接副词how,when,where等。
?He
must
answer
the
question
whether
he
agrees
to
it
or
not.
他必须回答他是否同意这样一个问题。
四、有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在说明的名词后面,而被别的词隔开,即构成"分隔式同位语从句"。
?The
thought
came
to
him
that
maybe
the
enemy
had
fled
the
cit.
他突然想起可能敌人已经逃出城了。
【特别注意】
1.
引导同位语从句的that不能省略。
?The
idea
that
you
can
do
this
work
well
without
thinking
is
quite
wrong.
你认为不动脑筋就能做好这件工作的想法是完全错误的。(that从句作idea的同位语)
2.
在某些名词(如demand,wish,suggestion,resolution等)后面的同位语从句要用虚拟语气。
?There
was
a
suggestion
that
Brown
should
be
dropped
from
the
team.
有一项建议是布朗应该离队。
3.
引导同位语从句的连词that通常不省略,但在非正式文体中也可以省去。
?He
gabbed
his
suitcase
and
gave
the
impression
he
was
boarding
the
Tokyo
plane.
他拿起了手提箱,给人的印象是他要登上飞往东京的飞机了。
4.
whether
可引导同位语从句,但if不能引导同位语从句,which也不引导同位语从句。
?The
question
whether
we
should
call
in
a
specialist
was
answered
by
the
family
doctor.
我们是否请专家由家庭医生来定。
The
notice
came
around
two
in
the
afternoon
the
meeting
would
be
postponed.
A.
when
B.
that
C.
whether
D.
how
【解析】:考查同位语从句。句意:下午两点左右通知说会议将被推迟。that引导同位语从句,补充说明notice的内容,that在从句中不作成分,选B。
【答案】B
易错点5
连接代词与连接副词的误用
(2015·四川)The
exhibition
tells
us
_____________
we
should
do
something
to
stop
air
pollution.
A.
where
B.
why
C.
what
D.
which
________________________________________
【错因分析】考生容易记不清连接代词和连接副词的用法而错选答案。
【试题解析】考查宾语从句。宾语从句中不缺少主语、宾语、定语,故选项C、D错误。句意:这个展览告诉了我们,我们为什么要停止空气污染。此处表示的是我们为什么要停止空气污染,而不是我们在哪儿停止空气污染,若选连接代词what,则从句中的something应该去掉。故选择B。
【正确答案】B
________________________________________
解答名词性从句的一个关键点是判断选用何种连接词,这要看连接词在从句中所作的成分:
通常连接代词在从句中作主语(what,
which,
who,
whatever,
whichever,
whoever)、表语(what,
which,
who,
whatever,
whichever,
whoever)、定语(what,
which,
whose)和宾语(which,
what,
whom,
whichever,
whatever,
whomever),而连接副词(when,
where,
how,
why)通常作相应的状语。when作时间状语,where作地点状语,how作方式状语,why作原因状语。
Could
I
speak
to
is
in
charge
of
International
Sales,
please?
A.
anyone
B.
someone
C.
whoever
D.
no
matter
who
【解析】:whoever在句中引导的名词性从句作介词to的宾语,whoever在从句中作主语;no
matter
who只能引导让步状语从句。
【答案】C
【名师点睛】
"疑问词+ever"与"no
matter+疑问词"的区别:
"疑问词+ever"可引导名词性从句,还可引导让步状语从句;"no
matter+疑问词"只能引导让步状语从句,不能用于引导名词性从句。
易错点6
名词性从句与其他结构判断错误
(2017·天津)
It
was
when
I
got
back
to
my
apartment
___________
I
first
came
across
my
new
neighbors.
A.
who
B.
where
C.
which
D.
that
________________________________________
【错因分析】考生容易分不清句子结构,而误认为名词性从句是其他结构或从句,从而错选答案。
【试题解析】句意:当我回到我的公寓的时候,我第一次遇见了我的新邻居。本句中去掉It
was
和空格,句意完整,所以本句是强调句型,强调的是时间状语,应用that。故选D。
【正确答案】D
________________________________________
1.
that引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别
(1)从句所修饰词的不同:
同位语从句所修饰的词通常是少数一些表示抽象意义的名词,如belief,
doubt,
fact,
hope,
idea,
news,
possibility,
thought,
order,
suggestion,
wish,
answer,
information,
conclusion,
decision,
discovery,
knowledge,
law,
opinion,
problem,
promise,
proof,
question,
report,
truth,
risk
等。
定语从句的先行词可以指人、物等。
(2)连接词的作用不同:
引导同位语从句的that只起连接作用,不在从句中担任任何句子成分。whether

how
可以引导同位语从句,但不能引导定语从句。
定语从句中的that既代替先行词,同时在从句中作某个成分(主语或宾语);而同位语从句中的that是连词,只起连接主句与从句的作用,不充当从句中的任何成分。
(3)从句的作用不同:
定语从句具有形容词或副词的特点,对先行词起修饰、限定作用,描述先行词的性质或特征,与先行词之间是所属关系。
同位语从句具有名词的特点,对中心词作进一步补充、解释,是中心词的具体内容。
?The
news
that
our
team
has
won
the
game
was
true.
我们队赢了那场比赛的消息是真的。
(同位语从句,
补充说明news到底是一个什么消息;that不可代替,一般不省略)
?The
news
that
had
spread
all
over
the
world
made
the
man
famous.那个已经传遍全世界的消息使得那个人出名了。(定语从句,
news在从句中作had
spread的主语;引导定语从句时,that很多时候可以用which
/
who/whom等来代替,作宾语时可省略)
2.
that引导的同位语从句与强调句型的区别
that引导的同位语从句用于进一步解释说明中心名词的内容,从句本身是一个非常完整的句子,that起引导作用,在从句中可能不作成分,也可能作一定成分,去掉that后句子不完整;而强调句型是一个句型结构,去掉强调句型的基本框架It
is…that…后,句子仍然完整,that是用于强调除人之外的部分(主语、宾语、状语)。
指出下列句子的类型,并写出先行词/中心词、连词及连词在从句中的功能
1.
The
news
that
Tom
would
go
abroad
is
told
by
him.
句子类型:___________
先行词/中心词:___________连词:___________连词功能:___________
【答案】
句子类型:同位语从句
先行词/中心词:The
news
连词:that
连词功能:仅起连接作用
2.
The
news
that
Mr.
Brown
will
be
our
new
English
teacher
is
true.
句子类型:___________
先行词/中心词:___________连词:___________连词功能:___________
【答案】
句子类型:同位语从句
先行词/中心词:The
news
连词:that
连词功能:仅起连接作用
3.
The
news
that
he
told
me
yesterday
is
true.
句子类型:___________
先行词/中心词:___________连词:___________连词功能:___________
【答案】
句子类型:定语从句
先行词/中心词:The
news
连词:that
连词功能:起连接作用,并在从句中作宾语
1
主语从句
一、主语从句的概念与连接词
作主语的从句叫主语从句,它是名词性从句之一。引导主语从句的连接词有:
1.
从属连词that,whether。
?That
they
were
true
sisters
was
clear
from
the
facial
resemblance
between
them.
很明显,她们的确是亲姐妹,她们的脸型很相似。
?Whether
he’ll
come
here
isn’t
clear.
他是否会来这里还不清楚。
2.
连接代词who,
whom,
whose,
what,
which,
whoever,
whatever,
whichever。
?What
she
did
is
not
yet
known.
她干了什么尚不清楚。
?Whoever
comes
is
welcome.
不论谁来都欢迎。
3.
连接副词
where,
when,
how,
why。
?How
this
happened
is
not
clear
to
anyone.
这事怎样发生的,谁也不清楚。
?How
and
why
he
suddenly
disappeared
remains
a
mystery.
他怎么又为什么突然消失仍然是个迷。
【特别注意】
?连词that引导的主语从句,通常用形式主语it代替主语从句。
?连接代词(副词)引导的主语从句,可以用形式主语it代替主语从句,也可直接放在句首使用主语从句。
主语从句通常都是放在句首,但有时为了使句子结构平衡,避免"头重脚轻",常用it作形式主语,而把从句放在后面。这样就构成了下面一些常用句型:
(1)It
is
+
n.
/
adj.
+从句
It
is
a
pity/shame
that...
遗憾的是……
It
is
possible
that...
很可能……
It
is
unlikely
that...
不可能……
?It
is
a
pity
that
she
has
made
such
a
mistake.
她犯了这样一个错误,真是遗憾。
(2)It
+不及物动词+从句
It
seems/appears
that...
似乎……
It
happened
that...
碰巧……
?It
seems
that
they
have
won
the
game.
似乎他们赢得了比赛。
(3)It
+
be
+过去分词+从句
It
is
said
that...
据说……
It
is
known
to
all
that...
众所周知……
It
is
reported
that...
据报道……
It
is
believed
that...
据信……;人们相信……
It
is
suggested
that...
有人建议……
It
must
be
pointed
out
that...
必须指出……
It
has
been
proved
that...
已证明……
?It
is
believed
that
at
least
20
buildings
were
damaged
or
destroyed.
据信,至少有二十座楼房遭到破坏或彻底毁掉。
?It
is
suggested
that
the
meeting
should
be
put
off.
有人建议会议延期召开。
?It’s
reported
that
three
people
were
killed
in
the
accident
and
five
were
hurt
badly.
据报道,事故中三人丧生,五人重伤。
?It
is
known
to
all
that
Taiwan
is
an
inseparable
part
of
China.
众所周知,台湾是中国不可分割的一部分。
二、主语从句三要素
1.
从句用陈述语序
?How
he
became
a
great
scientist
is
known
to
us
all.
众所周知他是如何成为一名伟大的科学家的。
2.
谓语动词一般用单数。当主语是从句时,主句谓语一般用单数。
?Whatever
he
says
is
of
no
importance.
无论他说什么都不重要。
?Whoever
says
that
is
wrong.
无论谁说这话都不对。
【特别提醒】
但谓语动词用单数还是复数,不可一概而论,而要视句子的意义而定。
?What
I
need
is
money.
我需要的是钱。
?What
I
need
are
books.
我需要的是书。
3.
通常不能省略关联词
?That
he
is
the
best
student
in
the
class
is
obvious.
很明显,他是班里最好的学生。
三、学习主语从句应该注意的几个问题
1.
引导词that与what
what既有引导主语从句的作用,同时又在从句中作句子成分(主语、宾语、表语等)。这时what相当于all
that/everything
that...,常译成"所……的(东西、事情、话等)";而that只起连接作用,本身无实际意义,在从句中也不担当任何句子成分。但that引导的主语从句放在句首时,不能省略that。
?What
is
done
can’t
be
undone.
已成定局,无可挽回。
?What
we
can’t
get
seems
better
than
what
we
have.
我们得不到的东西似乎比已得到的要好。
?That
we
should
work
out
a
plan
to
deal
with
the
present
serious
situation
is
important.
我们应该制订一个计划来应付目前严峻的形势,这一点非常重要。
?That
a
new
teacher
will
come
to
teach
us
geography
is
true.
一位新老师将来教我们地理,这是真的。
2.
引导词if和whether
(1)whether之后可以直接跟or
not,而if
则不能。
?I
don’t
care
whether
or
not
your
car
breaks
down.
我不知道你的车是不是坏了。
但是不可以说:
I
don’t
care
if
or
not
your
car
breaks
down.
(2)whether引导的从句一般不可以为否定结构(选择问句的后一部分除外);而if则可以跟否定结构。
?I
don’t
care
if
she
doesn’t
come.
我不在乎她来不来。
但是,在某些动词或形容词之后,则可以用whether引导一个否定结构的句子,这种结构往往表示肯定的含义。
?I
wonder
whether
he
doesn’t
think
too
much
of
himself.=I
think
he
does
think
too
much
of
himself.
我想他没有为自己考虑太多。
(3)在个别动词之后,如discuss
等,只跟用whether引导的宾语从句。
?They
discussed
whether
they
should
close
the
shop.
他们讨论是否应该关掉商店。
(4)whether
可以引导从句作介词的宾语,而if则不能。
?I’m
not
interested
in
whether
they’ll
go
or
not.
我对他们会不会去不感兴趣。
(5)whether可以直接跟动词不定式连用,而if则不能。
?I
didn’t
know
whether
to
laugh
or
to
cry.
我不知道是要笑还是哭。
(6)引导主语从句(包括从句在句首的位置)应当用whether,不用if。
?Whether
it
is
true
remains
a
problem.
这是不是真的还是一个问题。
3.
其他引导词
连接代词who,
which,
whom,
whose有各自的意义,起连接作用,并在从句中充当语、宾语、表语、定语等;连接副词when,
where,
why,
how等有各自的意义,起连接作用,并在从句中充当状语。
三、语气
在It
is
necessary
/
natural
/
important
/
strange...+
that-clause这类句型里,that所引导的主语从句中谓语动词用"should
+原形",表虚拟语气。
?It
is
necessary
that
the
problem
should
be
settled
at
once.
这个问题必须马上解决。
?It’s
strange
that
he
should
have
gone
away
without
telling
us.
他竟然没向我们说一声就走了,真是奇怪。
四、以it作形式主语的主语从句与强调句型的区别
  "It
be
+
adj./n.
+
that-clause"与强调句型均有It
be...that...之类的语言标志,但不同的是:(1)前者中的that从句是主语从句。若删掉其中的It
be和that,则剩余部分不论结构还是语意都不能成为一个句子;但若将后者中的It
be和that去掉,则剩余部分的结构和语意仍能构成一个完整的句子。(2)强调句型译为汉语时可加上"正是……"或"就是……"之类的字眼,而主语从句则不可以。请比较下面两个句子:
?It
is
surprising
that
Mary
should
have
won
first
place.
令人惊奇的是玛莉竟然获得了第一名。
?It
is
Mary
that
has
won
first
place.
正是玛莉得了第一名。
  第一句话中的It是形式主语,that引导的是主语从句,句中的It
is和that无法删除,一旦删除,句子就不成立;第二句是强调句型,其中的It
is和that可以去掉,因为没有It
is和that句子仍然完整。
2
宾语从句
一、宾语从句
宾语从句在复合句中起宾语的作用,既可作动词的宾语,也可作介词的宾语(作介词的宾语时必须由wh-疑问词引导)。引导宾语从句的连词有that,if,whether;连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which;连接副词when,where,how,why。从句引导词的使用:
1.
连词that(引导从句,但是在从句中不作成分,that常可省略)
?He
knows
that
Jim
will
work
hard.
他知道吉姆会努力工作的。
2.
连词if,
whether(表示"是否",引导从句,但是在从句中不作成分)
【特别提醒】
whether和if都有"是否"的意思,一般情况下两者可以换用,但在介词之后、不定式之前、与or
not连用、在句首或在引导表语从句同位语从句时,只能用whether。
?I
want
to
know
if/whether
the
news
is
true.
我想知道这个消息是不是真的。
?He
doesn’t
know
whether
to
stay
or
not.
他不知道改不该留下来。
【名师点睛】
动词
doubt
用在疑问句或否定句中时,其后宾语从句常用
that
作连接词;用在肯定句中时,连接词用
whether

if
皆可,而不用
that。
?Do
you
doubt
that
he
will
win?
你怀疑他会赢吗?
?I
don’t
doubt
that
your
proposition
is
wrong.
我不怀疑你的提议是错的。
?He
doubts
whether/if
I
know
it.
他怀疑我是否知道这件事。
3.
连接代词who,
whom,
which等
?Do
you
know
who
(whom)
they
are
waiting
for?
你知道他们在等谁吗?
?Do
you
know
which
dress
fits
her
best?
你知道哪件连衣裙最适合她吗?
4.
连接副词when,
where,
how,
why
?Could
you
tell
me
how
we
can
get
to
the
station?
你能告诉我我们怎样才能去车站吗?
学习宾语从句要把握三个要点:连接词、语序和时态。
1.
使用宾语从句,连接词的选择至关重要。有关连接词的选择可遵循以下规则:
(1)如果宾语从句为陈述句,连接词用that。that本身既没有实际意思,也不在从句中作成分,所以口语中常省略。
?I
hope
(that)
you
will
write
to
me
as
soon
as
possible.
我希望你尽快给我写信。
(2)宾语从句为一般疑问句时,连接词用if或whether,可译为"是否"。
?He
asked
me
if(whether)
I
would
go
to
Beijing
by
air.
他问我是否乘飞机去北京。
(3)宾语从句为特殊疑问句时,连接词用原疑问词。
?He
didn’t
know
how
he
could
get
across
the
river.
我不知道他是怎么过了河的。
2.
从句的语序
无论原句是陈述句、一般疑问句,还是特殊疑问句,在宾语从句中一律使用陈述语序。
?The
teacher
asked
if
you
had
finished
your
homework.
老师问你是否做完作业了。
?Can
you
tell
us
when
the
sports
meeting
will
begin?
你能告诉我们运动会何时举行吗?
3.
时态的选择
(1)如果主句是一般现在时,宾语从句可以是任何所需要的时态。
?I
hear
a
new
restaurant
will
be
opened
in
the
city
next
month.
我听说这个城市下个月将开一个新饭店。
(2)如果主句是一般过去时,宾语从句要用与其相应的过去的某种时态。
?She
told
us
she
had
borrowed
the
book
from
the
library.
她告诉我们她从图书馆借的这本书。
?He
never
told
me
when
he
would
leave.
他从未告诉我他何时离开。
【特别注意】
当宾语从句表示的是一个真理或一个永久性的事实时,其时态可不受主句时态的限制,仍用一般现在时。
?The
teacher
said
millions
of
other
stars
are
even
bigger
and
brighter
than
the
sun.
老师说数百万行星都比太阳更大、更亮。
3
表语从句
表语从句在复合句中作句子的表语,通常用在连系动词be,look,seem后。引导表语从句的连词有that,as
if,as
though,whether;连接代词who,what,which;连接副词when,where,how,why等。需要注意的是表语从句也要用陈述语序。
1.
从属连词that(一般不省略为好),whether(不用if),as
if(though)等引导的表语从句。
?The
reason
(why)
she
hasn’t
come
is
that
(此处不可用because)
she
has
to
take
her
mother
to
a
hospital.
她没来是因为她必须送母亲去医院。
2.
连接代词what,
which,
who,
whom,
whose等引导的表语从句。
?This
is
what
I
want
to
say.
这就是我想说的。
3.
连接副词when,
where,
how,
why等引导的表语从句。
?This
is
how
we
overcome
the
difficulties.
这就是我们克服困难的方法。
?The
question
is
where
we
shall
have
the
sports
meeting.
问题是我们在哪里开运动会。
?It
looked
as
if
he
had
lost
something.
看起来他好像丢失了什么东西。
?His
trouble
is
how
he
can
get
the
help
he
needs.
他的麻烦是如何得到所需要的帮助。
?His
car
broke
down
on
the
way.
That’s
why
he
is
late.
他的车坏了,那就是他迟到的原因。
4
同位语从句
一、定义
在复合句中作名词的同位语的从句叫同位语从句。同位语从句一般放在某些抽象名词的后面,用以解释或说明名词所表示的具体内容。
二、同位语从句的引导词
功能
例词
从属
连词
只起连接作用,不充当从句中的任何成分。
that,
whether
连接
代词
既起连接作用,又在从句中担任成分(主语、宾语、表语或定语)。
who,
what,
whose,
which,
whoever,
whatever,
whichever
连接
副词
既起连接作用,又在从句中担任成分(状语)。
when,
where,
why,
how,
whenever,
wherever,
however
?The
idea
that
computers
can
recognize
human
voices
surprises
many
people.
很多人对于电脑能够识别人的声音感到非常吃惊。
?The
question
who
should
go
abroad
required
consideration.谁出国这个问题还要考虑。
?I’ve
got
a
pretty
good
idea
why
they
quarrel
every
day.我很了解他们为什么天天吵架。
?There
is
no
doubt
that
the
prices
of
computers
will
go
down.
毫无疑问电脑的价格会下降。
?They
usually
write
exact
instructions
how
the
music
is
to
be
played.他们通常还要为如何演奏他们的音乐而写出精确的说明。
?I
have
no
idea
which
one
is
the
best.
我不知道哪一个最好。
?The
question
where
we
should
have
the
sports
meeting
has
not
been
discussed.还没有决定好我们在哪里召开会议。
【特别注意】
1.
如同位语从句意义、结构完整,应用that引导同位语从句。(即that不充当任何成分,只起连接作用)
2.
如同位语从句意义不完整,结构完整,需增加"是否"的含义,应用whether引导同位语从句。(if不能引导同位语从句)。
3.
如同位语从句意义不完整,需增加"什么时候"、"什么地点"、"什么方式"等含义,应用连接副词when,
where,
how等引导同位语从句。
4.
为了保持句子平衡,同位语从句和名词有时候会被别的词分隔开。
5.
若被同位语说明的名词是表示建议(如advice,
suggestion,
proposal)、要求(如demand,
request,
requirement)、命令(如order)时,同位语从句中的谓语用"should+动词原型"。
?He
made
the
suggestion
that
we
(should)
start
at
once.
他建议我们立即开始做。
?Soon
we
received
the
order
that
we
(should
)stop
fighting
at
once.
不久我们接到命令说立刻停止争斗。
【拓展延伸】
1.
whether可以引导同位语从句,if不能。
?I
have
no
idea
whether
they
will
give
us
enough
help.
我不知道他们能否给我们足够的帮助。
2.what在同位语从句中要作主语或宾语等成分,that不作成分。
?I
have
no
idea
what
he
will
give
me.
我不知道他要给我什么。
3.
advice,
suggestion,
proposal,
request,
requirement,
decision,
order等表示命令、建议和要求的词后的同位语从句的谓语用"should+do",should可以省略。
?The
commander
gave
an
order
that
the
troops
(should)
advance
10
miles.
司令官下达命令让军队前进10英里。
4.名词doubt(怀疑)后的同位语从句用whether
引导;no
doubt(不怀疑)后的同位语从句用that
引导。
?We
have
some
doubt
whether
they
can
complete
the
task
on
time.
我们怀疑他们是否能按时完成任务。
?We
have
no
doubt
that
they
can
complete
the
task
on
time.
我们毫不怀疑他们能按时完成任务。
【技巧点拨】
名词性从句中连词的选择往往是测试的热点。考生若不认真分析,没有一定的方法,常常造成判断上的失误,最终错选了连词。如果考生能采取"一分二划三看"三步法对试题加以分析,则会收到良效。
一、
"一分"即分清从句类型
四种从句:
①主语从句——从句位于动词前作主语;
②宾语从句——从句位于动词后作宾语;
③表语从句——从句位于系动词之后作表语;
④同位语从句——从句位于特殊的名词,如idea,fact,news
等后补充说明前面的名词。
二、
"二划"即划分出从句
用括号表示从句(主语从句/宾语从句/表语从句/同位语从句)
三、
"三看"即看从句句意是否完整
1.
句意不完整→缺连接代词
①人——who,whoever主语;whom,whomever宾语;
②物——what,whatever主语、宾语;which,whichever主语、宾语。
2.
句意完整→缺连接副词
①时间——when;
②地点——where,wherever;
③原因——why;
④方式——how。
3.
缺不作成份的连词
①有含义——if,
wherther是否;
②无含义——that。
【巧学妙记】
主语从句口诀
主语从句来学习,连、代、副词为语序;
whether、that
要熟记,连词if要除外;
连接代词也好记,what、who、which要用对,主宾成分要熟记;
连接副词更好背,how、why、when、where
一起记,用作状语需翻译。
宾语从句口诀
口诀1:
宾语从句三注意,时态、语序、连接词;
主句一般现在时,从句时态随句意;
主句若是过去时,主从时态要一致;
宾从表达是真理,一般现在带过去;
连接词也不难,陈述要用that连;
一般问句表"是否",if/whether来引导;
特殊问句作宾从,疑问词引导就能行;
还有一点要说明,陈述语序要记清;
主句动词"猜想"词,"否定转移"莫忘记;
特殊用法记心间,学好宾从不一般。
口诀2:
宾语从句多方面,多看多记多训练;
陈用that特词连,if一般to祈现;
do去助词主后边,一主二宾三不变;
疑to变简否疑前,时态呼应是关键。
表语从句口诀
表语从句来学习,三个连词特殊记;
as
if、whether、that
同一类,不作成分不省去;
连词if还除外,三个连代是一类;
who

what

which
,仍作主宾需熟记;
四个连副一次背,how、why、when、where
相同记,用作状语陈述序。
同位语从句口诀
whether、that很简单,不能省去不能换,连代有无不用管,
how,
when,
where只有三,用作状语需要翻。
高考真题
题组一
主语从句
1.
(2017·北京)
Every
year,
___________
makes
the
most
beautiful
kite
will
win
a
prize
in
the
Kite
Festival.
A.
whatever
B.
whoever
C.
whomever
D.
whichever
【答案】B
【解析】:A.
whatever
任何事;B.
whoever
任何人;C.
whomever
任何人;D.
whichever无论哪个。句意:每年,任何一个做出最漂亮的风筝的人将会在风筝节获奖。空格所在部分是主语从句,缺少主语,用连接代词,根据意思可知是人获奖,故排除A、D;因为需要作主语,只能用主格代词whoever,故选B。
2.
(2016·江苏)It
is
often
the
case
____________anything
is
possible
for
those
who
hang
on
to
hope.
A.
why
B.
what
C.
as
D.
that
【答案】D
【解析】:本句中it是形式主语,真正的主语是连接词that引导的从句,连接词that在本句中不充当任何成分,只是一个引导词,不能省略。连接副词why要在从句中作状语,连接代词what通常在从句中作主语、宾语或表语等;as通常不引导名词性从句。句意:对于那些心存希望的人来说一切皆有可能。故D正确。
3.
(2016·北京)Your
support
is
important
to
our
work.
____________
you
can
do
helps.
A.
However
B.
Whoever
C.
Whatever
D.
Wherever
【答案】C
【解析】:helps是谓语,"____________
you
can
do"是主语部分,即主语从句,在主语从句中,do后缺少宾语,表示"任何事情",因此用whatever引导,故选C。
4.
(2015·北京)
____________we
understand
things
has
a
lot
to
do
with
what
we
feel.
A.
Where
B.
How
C.
Why
D.
When
【答案】B
【解析】:句意:我们如何理解事情与我们所感受的有很大关系。根据句意可知,主语从句缺少方式状语,因此选择how。故选B。
5.
(2015·大纲全国卷)Exactly____________
the
potato
was
introduced
into
Europe
is
uncertain,
but
it
was
probably
around
1565.
A.
whether
B.
why
C.
when
D.
how
【答案】C
【解析】:句意:准确地说土豆是什么时候被传到欧洲的还不确定,但是可能在1565年左右。此处when引导主语从句,并在从句中作时间状语。
6.
(2015·陕西)
____________
the
delayed
flight
will
take
off
depends
much
on
the
weather.
A.
Why
B.
When
C.
That
D.
What
【答案】B
【解析】:句意:被延误的航班何时起飞大体上依天气而定。题干中主句的谓语动词为depends,因此前面是主语从句。why在主语从句中作原因状语;when在主语从句中作时间状语;that在主语从句中不作任何成分;what在主语从句中作主语或宾语。根据语境判断主语从句中缺少时间状语,故选B。
题组二
宾语从句
I.
单项填空
1.(2019·北京卷·语法填空)What
students
do
at
college
seems
to
matter
much
more
than
___8___
they
go.
【答案】where
【解析】:考查宾语从句。句意:学生在大学里做什么似乎比去哪里(哪所大学)更重要。这里表达去哪所大学,表示地点,作状语。故用where。
2.
(2017·天津)
She
asked
me
___________
I
had
returned
the
books
to
the
library,
and
I
admitted
that
I
hadn’t.
A.
when
B.
where
C.
whether
D.
what
【答案】C
【解析】:句意:她问我是否已经把书还给图书馆了,我承认我还没有还。A.
什么时候;B.
在哪里;C.
是否;D.
什么。根据句意,故选C。
3.
(2017·北京)
Jane
moved
aimlessly
down
the
tree-lined
street,
not
knowing
____________she
was
heading.
A.
why
B.
where
C.
how
D.
when
【答案】B
【解析】:A.
why
为什么;B.
where
在哪儿;C.
how
如何;D.
when什么时候。句意:Jane漫无目的地走在两旁树木成行的街道上,不知道她将去往何方。根据语境可知此处是表地点的,很容易就可选出答案B。
4.
(2017·江苏)
We
choose
this
hotel
because
the
price
for
a
night
here
is
down
to
$20,
half
of
____________
it
used
to
charge.
A.
that
B.
which
C.
what
D.
how
【答案】C
【解析】:考查同位语和宾语从句。"half
of
_________
it
used
to
charge"是$20的同位语,即原来价格的一半是现在的$20;另外,of后跟名词或名词短语构成介宾短语,所以这里是宾语从句;宾语从句中的charge后面缺少宾语,所以用what来引导宾语从句,并充当宾语从句的宾语,故选C。
5.
(2015·湖南)You
have
to
know
_____________
you’re
going
if
you
are
to
plan
the
best
way
of
getting
there.
A.
what
B.
that
C.
where
D.
who
【答案】C
【解析】:根据分析可知,You
have
to
know…后面是一个宾语从句。_____________
you’re
going
if
you
are
to
plan
the
best
way
of
getting
there中缺少地点状语,所以应该用连接副词where来引导从句。句意:如果你已经计划好去那里的最佳方案,你必须知道你将要去哪里。故选C。
6.
(2015·北京)I
truly
believe
_____________
beauty
comes
from
within.
A.
that
B.
where
C.
what
D.
why
【答案】A
【解析】:句意:我真的相信美丽源自于内在。本题考查宾语从句。从句部分不缺少任何成分,因此用that,that起到连接作用,也可以省略。故选A。
7.
(2015·浙江)If
you
swim
in
a
river
or
lake,
be
sure
to
investigate
_____________
is
below
the
water
surface.
Often
there
are
rocks
or
branches
hidden
in
the
water.
A.
what
B.
who
C.
that
D.
whoever
【答案】A
【解析】:句意:如果你在河里或湖里游泳,请确定查看水面下有什么。通常总有一些石头或树枝藏在水里。分析宾语从句的成分可以发现,空格所作的成分是主语,且表示"什么",根据下一句的表述中的树枝和石头可以得出答案是what。
8.
(2015·重庆)We
must
find
out
_____________
Karl
is
coming,
so
we
can
book
a
room
for
him.
A.
when
B.
how
C.
where
D.
why
【答案】A
【解析】:句意:我们必须弄明白卡尔什么时候来,这样我们能给他预定房间。find
out
后面跟着宾语从句,根据句意选when,when在从句中作时间状语。
9.
(2015·陕西)Reading
her
biography,
I
was
lost
in
admiration
for
_____________
Doris
Lessing
had
achieved
in
literature.
A.
what
B.
that
C.
why
D.
how
【答案】A
【解析】:句意:读完了她的自传后,我对Doris
Lessing在文学上做的贡献非常敬佩。介词for后面是宾语从句,从句中缺少宾语,所以选A。
10.
(2015·福建)I
wonder
_____________
Mary
has
kept
her
figure
after
all
these
years.
—By
working
out
every
day.
A.
where
B.
how
C.
why
D.
If
【答案】B
【解析】:考查宾语从句。句意:——我好奇玛丽在这些年是怎么保持着身材的。——通过每天锻炼。句中I是主语,wonder是谓语,how引导的从句在整个句子中作宾语。连接副词how在宾语从句中作方式状语。句子是用表示方式的by短语回答的,所以是针对方式提问的,故用how。故选C。
题组三
表语从句
1.(2018·北京)
Without
his
support,
we
wouldn’t
be
_________
we
are
now.
A.
how
B.
when
C.
where
D.
why
【答案】C
【解析】:考查名词性从句。句意:没有他的支持,我们是不会在现在这个位置的。how表方式,when表时间,where表地点,why表原因。“_________
we
are
now”是表语从句,结合句子的意思可知,该处指我们所处的位置,故该从句应用where引导。C选项正确。
2.
(2016·北京)The
most
pleasant
thing
of
the
rainy
season
is
_____________
one
can
be
entirely
free
from
dust.
A.
what
B.
that
C.
whether
D.
why
【答案】B
【解析】:句意:雨季最令人愉悦的就是人们可以完全不再受到沙尘的困扰。is后跟从句作表语,即表语从句,表语从句中不缺少主语、谓语、状语和宾语,因此此处用that,that只起引导作用,故选B。
题组四
同位语从句
1.(2019·新课标I卷·语法填空)While
they
are
rare
north
of
88°,
there
is
evidence
___61___
they
range
all
the
way
across
the
Arctic,
and
as
far
south
as
James
Bay
in
Canada.
【答案】that
【解析】:考查同位语从句。根据句子结构分析可知,主句为there
be句型,且结构完整,空格后为同位语从句,解释说明中心词evidence的内容,故填that。
2.
(2016·天津)The
manager
put
forward
a
suggestion
__________
we
should
have
an
assistant.
There
is
too
much
work
to
do.
A.
whether
B.
that
C.
which
D.
what
【答案】B
【解析】:句意:经理提出一个建议,我们应该有个助手。有太多的工作要做。使用同位语从句说明suggestion的内容,而且同位语从句的成分和意思都是完整的。用that引导,that在从句中不作成分,只起连接的作用。故选B。
经典演练
I.
语法填空
1.
all
of
them
didn’t
act
on
her
suggestion
made
her
confused
for
a
long
time.
【答案】Why
【解析】:句意:为什么他们都不按她的建议行动让她困惑了很久。分析句子结构可知,_________
all
of
them
didn’t
act
on
her
suggestion为主语从句,且此处表示"为什么",因此用why来引导该主语从句。
2.
The
two
cars
are
racing
close
together

it's
unclear
will
be
the
champion.
【答案】which
【解析】:句意:这两辆车正在彼此很接近地赛跑——哪一个会成为冠军还不清楚。分析句子结构可知,it为形式主语,而真正的主语为which
引导的从句,且which在从句中作主语,意为"哪一个"。注意:此处表示有范围的选择,不能用what。
3.
I
really
want
to
know
you
are
waiting
for
at
the
school
gate
at
present
since
all
the
other
students
have
left
after
school.
【答案】who/whom
【解析】:分析句子结构可知,空处引导宾语从句,且在从句中作for的宾语,表示"谁",故可用who/whom来引导该宾语从句。
4.
The
key
to
becoming
happy
is
you
treat
your
life
and
work.
【答案】how
【解析】:句意:变得快乐的关键就是你如何对待你的生活和工作。分析句子结构和句意可知,该题应用how来引导表语从句,在此处表示方式,通常意为"如何,怎样"。
5.
Having
a
positive
attitude
and
making
full
use
of
the
benefits
that
the
new
sort
of
competition
brings
to
us
are
really
counts.
【答案】what
【解析】:分析句子结构可知,are后缺少表语,并且counts前缺少主语。故用what来引导表语从句。句意:有一个积极的态度并且充分利用这种新型的竞争带给我们的优势是真正重要的事情。
6.
At
the
end
of
the
adventure,
we
had
to
choose
to
live
in
a
cave.
That’s
we
could
shelter
from
the
snowstorm.
【答案】where
【解析】:句意:在这段冒险经历的最后,我们不得不选择在一个山洞住了下来。那儿是我们躲避暴风雪的地方。空处引导的表语从句不缺主干成分,再结合句意可知,应填where,
where在从句中作地点状语。
7.
Anyone
with
the
least
common
sense
knows
our
environment
should
be
taken
good
care
of
and
we
should
recycle
rubbish.
【答案】that
【解析】:句意:任何有一点常识的人都知道我们应该好好地保护环境并且将垃圾回收再利用。分析句子结构可知,and后为宾语从句,且从句成分和意义完整,因此用that来引导该从句。注意:当and连接两个并列的由that引导的宾语从句时,第二个宾语从句的引导词that不可省略。
8.
Sometimes,
I
really
doubt
there
is
love
between
my
parents.
Every
day
they
try
to
earn
money
in
order
to
pay
the
high
tuition
for
my
brother.
【答案】whether/if
【解析】:动词doubt用于肯定句中时,其后的宾语从句用whether或if来引导。句意:有时候,我真的怀疑我的父母之间是否有爱。为了给我哥哥支付高昂的学费,他们每天都努力赚钱。
9.
I
hate
it
somebody
is
talking
to
me
with
his
eyes
fixed
upon
somebody
else.
【答案】when
【解析】:句意:我讨厌某人在跟我说话时,他的眼睛却盯着其他人。该题考查固定句式I
hate
it
when...,it在句中作形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面when引导的宾语从句。
10.
book
she
likes
will
be
given
to
her
as
long
as
she
helps
clean
the
bookshelf.
【答案】Whichever
【解析】:句意:只要她肯帮忙清理书架,她无论喜欢哪一本书都会给她。由句意可知,应用Whichever"无论哪一个"引导主语从句。
11.
________left
the
door
unlocked
must
be
responsible
for
the
accident.
【答案】Whoever
【解析】:句意:不管是谁没锁门,都必须为这次事故负责任。此处表示"任何人,无论是谁",故用Whoever引导主语从句。
12.
My
parents
have
always
made
it
clear
we
shouldn’t
judge
a
book
by
its
cover.
【答案】that
【解析】:分析句子结构可知,该句中it为形式宾语,而真正的宾语为that引导的从句。注意:此处的that不能省略。句意:我的父母总是明确表示我们不应该以貌取人。
II.
单项填空
1.
We
haven’t
settled
the
question
of
____________
it
is
necessary
for
him
to
study
abroad.
A.
if
B.
where
C.
whether
D.
that
【答案】C
【解析】:句意:我们尚未解决他是否有必要去国外学习的问题。whether引导的从句作介词of的宾语,whether表示"是否"。
2.
A
warm
thought
suddenly
came
to
me
____________
I
might
use
the
pocket
money
to
buy
some
flowers
for
my
mother’s
birthday.
A.
if
B.
when
C.
that
D.
which
【答案】C
【解析】:主句完整,同时从句也不缺成分。根据句意可看出that引导的从句与a
warm
thought构成同位语。
3.
There
is
much
chance
____________
Bill
will
recover
from
his
injury
in
time
for
the
race.
A.
that
B.
which
C.
until
D.
if
【答案】A
【解析】:that引导同位语从句,具体说明chance(可能性)的内容。
4.
Please
remind
me
____________
he
said
he
was
going.
I
may
be
in
time
to
see
him
off.
A.
where
B.
when
C.
how
D.
what
【答案】B
【解析】:句意:请提醒我他说他将什么时候走。也许我能及时去送他。此处表示"何时",故用when引导宾语从句。
5.
How
much
one
enjoys
himself
travelling
depends
largely
on
____________
he
goes
with,
whether
his
friends
or
relatives.
A.
what
B.
who
C.
how
D.
why
【答案】B
【解析】:句意:一个人在旅游中的高兴程度在很大程度上取决于他是和谁一起去的,不管是他的朋友还是亲戚。介词on后跟宾语从句,从句中缺少介词with的宾语,应用连接代词,排除C、D两项;由句意知应选B项。
6.
When
changing
lanes,
a
driver
should
use
his
turning
signal
to
let
other
drivers
know
____________.
A.
he
is
entering
which
lane
B.
which
lane
he
is
entering
C.
is
he
entering
which
lane
D.
which
lane
is
he
entering
【答案】B
【解析】:空格处作know的宾语,从句要用陈述语序。故选B。
7.
____________
was
known
to
us
all
that
Johnson
had
broken
his
promise
____________
he
would
give
each
of
us
a
small
gift.
A.
As;
which
B.
What;
that
C.
It;
that
D.
It;
which
【答案】C
【解析】:第一空用it作形式主语,真正的主语是all后的that从句;第二空用that引导同位语从句,该从句解释说明promise,that在从句中不作成分。
8.
It
suddenly
occurred
to
him
____________
he
had
left
his
keys
in
the
office.
A.
whether
B.
where
C.
which
D.
that
【答案】D
【解析】:句意:他突然想起他把钥匙忘在了办公室。主语从句语意完整,且不少成分,故选择连词that。本句中it为形式主语,真正主语是由that引导的主语从句。
9.
The
news
____________
Barack
Obama
won
the
Nobel
Peace
Prize
is
____________
surprised
the
world.
A.
that;
what
B.
which;
that
C.
that;
which
D.
/;
how
【答案】A
【解析】:句意:奥巴马获得诺贝尔和平奖的消息震惊了全世界。第一空that引导的从句作news的同位语,that在从句中不作成分;第二空用what引导表语从句,what在从句中作主语,表示"……的东西"。
10.
Valli,
who
was
born
in
Pula,
in
____________
is
now
Croatia,
made
her
film
debut
in
Italy
in
the
mid?1930s.
A.
what
B.
where
C.
that
D.
which
【答案】A
【解析】:空格引导的从句作in的宾语,且所填词在从句中作主语,故选择A。where不作主语,只能作地点状语。
11.
We
are
very
proud
of
____________
you
have
accomplished
so
far.
You
should
be
proud
too.
A.
what
B.
that
C.
which
D.
where
【答案】A
【解析】:空格引导的从句是of的宾语,且所填词在从句中作have
accomplished的宾语,此处表示"什么",故选择A。
12.
We
think
that
it’s
love,
generosity
and
perseverance
____________
make
the
world
____________
it
is
today.
A.
what;
that
B.
that;
what
C.
which;
what
D.
which;
that
【答案】B
【解析】:第一空的that是强调句型中的that;第二空所填词引导的从句作the
world的补语,且在从句中作is的表语。
13.
With
the
number
of
cars
increasing
rapidly
in
cities,
a
major
problem
is
____________
the
cars
can
be
parked.
A.
which
B.
that
C.
when
D.
where
【答案】D
【解析】:空格引导表语从句,且在从句中作地点状语,故选择D。
14.
Only
in
the
last
few
years
have
scientists
and
teachers
begun
to
understand
learning
disabilities
and
____________.
A.
how
can
they
be
dealt
with
B.
what
they
can
be
dealt
with
C.
how
they
can
be
dealt
with
D.
what
can
they
be
dealt
with
【答案】C
【解析】:空格处与前面并列均作understand的宾语,从句要用陈述语序,且deal
with和how连用,do
with和what连用,故选C。
15.
makes
this
shop
different
is
that
it
offers
more
personal
services.
A.
What
B.
Who
C.
Whatever
D.
Whoever
【答案】A
【解析】:考查主语从句。句意:使这家商店不用的是它提供更加私人的服务。所填词引导主语从句,且作从句的主语,表示"……的东西",故用what,what=the
thing
that。
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